AV Geeks Lunch 8-24

Hello everybody. I'm Skip Alzheimer. Welcome to the AV Geeks lunchtime streaming show where we watch old 16 millimeter films. And uh I'm trying to figure out where I got that film from and why it doesn't have sound. Um because it's awesome. It's so good. Uh I love films that uh show basically the dangers of for retailers of shoplifting and passing bad checks and employee theft and how they inadvertently uh show us how to do it. [laughter] It's like, oh yeah, this is okay. That film on shoplifting that I have made by Highway Safety Films basically is like this is how you shoplift. Um it's pretty glorious. And this one is set in the 70s and it's set in Houston. Um so I really need to kind of track down and see like how I got that and where it is because it's not in my database. Um but it it is something I scanned and something that I'm trying to figure out. So we'll see. Uh anyways, um [clears throat] we watch old 16 millimeter films here and I've got one set up behind me that I can't like I do this. It's right on the telescini. So it's something that um uh we can transfer films live and you can watch them live um embracing nearly 100 years of technology to do this. So here is climates of the United States. Enjoy. [music] [music] [music] How you live, what you too. [music] How many people live where you live? All these depend partly on climate. Any region's [music] climate is the average of all its weather over a long period of time. [music] What does climate depend on? Latitude. Nearby large bodies of water. Ocean currents. Altitude. the prevailing winds and these also help determine the climates of the United States. [music] What [music] are the climates of the US? Here they are one by one. [music] Heat. Heat. [music] [music] [music] [music] Out here on the west coast of Southern California, we have a Mediterranean climate. It's semi-ropical [music] here. Weather is fairly warm all year. Summers aren't too hot because of cool ocean breezes, and winters aren't too cold because the ocean waters are warmer than the land. Citrus fruits grow pretty well here. The soil is good. The winds off the ocean bring this rain during winter months. Summers are usually quite dry. The sunshine, good soil, mild weather take a lot of the worry out of farming. During the summer months though, there isn't enough rain, so farmers have to irrigate. Without the irrigation water, grapes and other crops wouldn't grow well, and neither would citrus and olive trees. Climate out here in Southern California encourages us to be outdoor [music] people. Now, let's move north to an area that extends from northern California to southeastern Alaska. The climate is called marine west coast. Here in the Pacific Northwest, we have land bordered by beautiful mountain ranges. And talk about rain. When you get these moist, warm ocean winds rising up over the mountains, it makes our part of the country about the rainiest there is usually. The tremendous amount of rain we get gives us our beautiful forests. Evergreens everywhere. This is timber country right up into Alaska. Never gets too cold here. Even though we're pretty far north, it's a good place for outdoors work. This climate is fairly mild for a region that's so far north. It's because the Japanese current warms the air and brings rain. The ocean current helps make the Wamut Valley in Oregon one of the richest agricultural areas in the country. Where forests have been cleared, there's grass. So dairy farming is possible in some areas of southeastern Alaska, but inland away from the coast, it gets pretty cold during the winter months. The interior of Alaska isn't warmed either by the Japanese current or the warm, moist winds that blow off the Pacific Ocean. This region has a subarctic climate. Summers are short, but summer days are so long that we have enough sunshine to raise good crops of vegetables. During the long winter months, the sun is up only a few hours a day, especially in the northern tundra. Now, let's move from this high latitude climate to middle latitude drylands. Some of these areas have a desert climate. Dry winds have a lot to do with desert climates. When moist winds blow inland from the Pacific Ocean and cross the Sierra Nevada, they lose moisture on the western slopes. So the winds are drier when they reach the east side of these mountains. As they flow downward, the winds are warmed. So the region here is arid, very dry. Hardly any rain here in our part of the country. Of course, you don't expect much in a desert. So there isn't much vegetation out here in the southwest except for cactus, some other plants, except where we irrigate. That's how we grow our crops, mainly citrus fruits, with irrigation. Even on our ranches, we have to bring in water. Can't depend on rain at all. But we can depend on the heat, more than 50° C in the summer. That's why we build our houses with adobe like the Indians and the Spanish settlers did. These thick clay walls are a lot cooler than wood. They keep the heat out and air conditioning in. Here we cool air by adding water to it. The continental interior of North America has a step climate. This large region includes the Rocky Mountains and the Great Plains. The mountains are very high here and the region is a great distance from the ocean. So moisture bearing winds from the west rarely reach it. However, similar winds do come from the north and south, and they usually bring enough rain for productive ranching. At [music] higher altitudes, especially in the mountains, much of the land is forested because of more precipitation there. The mountains are popular recreation areas. Ski resorts are all over the higher areas. There's also [music] mining and ranching, but many of us out here raise cattle. We get enough rain to keep the grass growing. Farther east though, a little more rain falls. There we grow mainly wheat. Out in the western part of Kansas, the Dakotas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas. Farming's the main business here. We grow trees to use as windbreaks on the planes because in spring and summer, hot winds can loosen the dry top soil where the land has been cleared. Back in the 30s, they learned that if you don't take care of the land, it blows away. They had plowed almost all the area. Rains didn't come as expected and vast dust storms rolled across the Great Plains. East of the Great Plains all the way to the Atlantic, the region has a humid continental climate. North of about 42° latitude, the summers are short and winters are cold and long. But south of this line, the summers are longer and the winters are not as severe. Day-to-day weather is constantly changing because of the winds that blow across the land. Moist air moves northward from the Gulf of Mexico. Out of it comes enough rainfall to grow many crops. Hay, corn, and soybeans are our main crops. Thanks mainly to a long growing season and enough rainfall. This area is one of the very best farming areas in the whole world. With our long hot summers, we can get a growing period of almost 6 months. We can grow a lot of grain in those six months. There are many large cities. Industry is very important to this area. [music] The humid continental climate helps make this productive land one of the world's leading industrial [music] regions. The southern states of the country are almost entirely in a humid subtropical region. During the summer months, winds from the south bring warm, moist air to the land. Rainy days are common. The winters aren't really difficult at all. Sometimes it snows, but it's more of a pleasant surprise than a problem. Crops. Well, there's tobacco, corn, peanuts, cotton. We've got a seven-month growing season, plenty of sunshine, [music] and trees. Trees are planted and harvested to make paper. [music] They grow faster here than in any part of our country. Even warmer weather is found in the southern tip of Florida and the state of Hawaii, where most of the land has a tropical savannah climate. Hawaii is in the Pacific Ocean and lies directly in the path of the trade winds. We say we grow the juiciest pineapples in the United States and the sweetest sugar cane, too. We do get a lot of rain, especially during the summer months. Most of it falls on the eastern side of the islands on the mountain slopes. They say it's the volcanic soil that makes things grow so well here. The warm weather and sunshine help crops grow well, too, and help make tourism a big business here. Many of us make our livingings compliments of the magnificent climate we live in. Only southern Florida has the tropical savannah climate like Hawaii. But once in a while, cold weather can sweep southward, wiping out entire crops. In recent years, a lot of the swamps have been drained to accommodate the big population growth. So, Florida is more than just a vacation area now. But tourism is still a major industry in Florida with its miles of sandy beaches and tropical climate. [music] There's a variety of climates [music] extending across the United States. Each of them affecting what people do for recreation, what they wear, the resources available, the crops that are raised, and therefore the jobs that are available. Climate [music] affects the way you live, wherever you live. [music] So mellow and chill. Um, you know, of course, uh, that was a revised edition. Uh, I have not seen if I have an original edition. Um, but I'm guessing that the original version probably just had one narrator, uh, and this one had multiple narrators, uh, just to make it kind of more dynamic and interesting instead of that long drone one narrator. Um, and I'm guessing that we would have to revise this again, uh, given how, uh, climate has changed. Um, I've shown uh another film in this series, the next film I'm showing. Um, and this one is missing my favorite of Frog Puppet, but it has a lot of common themes. And I I feel like that this was made for just a little bit older uh children when it came to parasitic worms. So, here's who lives with you. Not Roivas talks about worms, but who lives with you. Enjoy. [music] Who lives with you? A film about worms. [music] What is a worm? Worms are small animals. We see them every day. on leaves, in apples, on ears of corn. We even use them to catch fish. Some worms are not so easily seen. Worms that get inside our pets can make them sick. We love our pets, so [music] we take them to the veterinarian. He can give them medicine [music] to get rid of their worms. [music] Then they feel good, eat well, and can play with us. Did you know that worms [music] can get inside you, too? These are ascaras worms. And here's a boy who looks as if he has a lot of these worms inside him. Many people have these worms [music] inside them. Sometimes they may not even know it, but often the worms can make them feel bad and they always rob them of their food. But everyone can get rid of these worms and learn how to keep from ever getting them again. [music] Watch. When you use the out of doors, your yard behind the bushes near your door, or the dirt under your doorstep for a bathroom, you're asking for trouble. See that toy truck? The dirt on the wheels? Well, let's look even closer. I can see that worm Carrie Ascaris and her family have already moved into the dirt in this yard. See Car's eggs. They are very small and have tiny worms inside them. And they can get into anyone who puts dirty fingers into his mouth. These worms are bad and can hurt you. They move in with you, live inside you, and eat your food. Always wash your hands before putting anything into your mouth. Remember, anytime you put dirty fingers on anything that goes into your mouth, you may also be putting in tiny [music] eggs. Eggs so small that you can't even see them. They will be swallowed down through your stomach into your intestines and will hatch and grow up inside you. Look, Carascaras is already a tiny worm. Still, another worm is hatching out of its egg. Carry is a bad worm. Ugly and very mean. These ascaras need to get more air to grow. So, they twist and punch and punch out of your intestines, swim up your bloodstream to your heart, and even swim on into your lungs. While these worms are in your lungs, they grow even more. After they grow big enough, Carrie and her friends will push and climb out of your lungs and get swallowed back down through your stomach with some of your food. This can even happen while you are asleep [music] and sometimes after you cough. After they get back into your intestines, the worms keep on growing until they're over a foot long. And soon they're ready to start their families. Look at the eggs they lay. Thousands of them. These tiny eggs will leave the body with every bowel movement. And if you don't use the toilet in your bathroom or privy, these eggs can get back into you or even [music] into someone else. Then both of you will have still more worms. Remember, these eggs can live in the dirt for a long, long time. Several years in fact. The worms that stay inside your body continue to eat and grow. They use the food you eat to keep themselves growing bigger and meaner. Remember, we need to eat and keep all of our foods, meats, vegetables, milk, fruits, and cereals. Good food will make you have big muscles, strong bones, and teeth, and good eyesight. Who gets your food? You or the worms? Looks like the worms must take most of the food that this child eats. No wonder he's hungry. And while he gets weaker, thinner, and hungrier, Carrie and all the other escaras grow bigger and fatter. Worms may [music] make your stomach big and puffed out like a balloon and the rest of your body thin and unhealthy. So if you want to be healthy and stay healthy, then always remember good health habits. Always use the toilet in your bathroom or privy. [music] Never use the yard or behind bushes for a bathroom. [music] Don't put hands, fingers, sticks, toys, or anything with dirt on it into your mouth. Dirt might have carries eggs in it. Keep yourself clean and eat the proper foods. Go to see your doctor and follow his directions carefully. [music] Listen to your public health nurse, [music] your school nurse, your teacher, and the pharmacist at your drugstore. [music] They will help you and your parents to stay healthy and keep from having Carrie Ascaris live with you. So that was some pretty jam and music at the end. um for a film about avoiding uh intestinal parasites. Um so this film uh somebody mentioned like they didn't mention pinw worms. Um yeah, so this film was a part of a government a federal grant um about malnutrition in South Carolina and specifically so there's films that deal with food preparation, finding foods that are good for you uh and also about drugs, how to what you know how to take medicine. Um, and also there's um, Rorivas talks about worms. There's hope, who lives with you, there's a scarce human parasite. Uh, and all of those are aimed at different groups. Um, and so some of this animation and some of the scenes from this film show up in uh, Who Lives With You? And I mean in um Roivas talks about worms and in a scarce human parasite and the problem was a scarce was a particularly bad uh thing that was happening in South Carolina in rural areas um where some people didn't have um running water or didn't have sewage systems or septic tanks. And so this was a way to try to educate people about um not going using the outdoors as a bathroom uh because that was just increasing the cycle of the ascaris parasite. Um, fascinating film. Really, um, enjoy seeing films like this because this was made in the late 60s, early 70s and it kind of tells you what was happening in the South and parts of the South at a time where you your assumption is like, well, everybody had toilets then. Well, nope, not everybody. Um, here's another look back. Although this is a recreation of looking back. I'm often challenged on how I describe in metadata that this shows footage uh of 1814 or 1840 technology or 1840s technology, but it's not from the 1840s. So, here's travel in America in the 1840s. [music] [music] [music] [music] [music] [music] [music] [music] My story of traveling begins in a little village in eastern New York State. It was a peaceful little town in the early 1840s. I was working as a blacksmith's apprentice then, and not a very good one either, I'm afraid. But my grandfather, the village smithy, had given me the job when my family moved west, and he was doing his best to teach me. The day my travel adventure began, the stage coach came very slowly into the village. It had lost a rim from one of its rear wheels. and the driver pulled up before our smithy to get repairs. The stage coach connected our village to the rest of the country. It brought us mail and goods and passengers. So, when it was in trouble, grandfather and I dropped our work to get the coach on the road again. It's hard to remember now how important coaches were in our country's development, but we know that even way back in colonial days, the coaches and horses brought men together at ins [music] where much of our history was made. Because of coaches, roads were built all over the east. Until by the time when Washington was president, he could travel to all 13 states by land, though it was very slow. The wagon wheels I used to bring in when I was a boy for my grandfather to repair helped the farmers take their goods to town. Yes, those wooden wheels with metal rims built our country even before I was a boy. And my grandfather, like any good smithy, knew how to repair them. He had that coach wheel ready in short order, and I helped him put it on. Of course, some of the passengers thought we took too long, but the smithy was too important a man to be rushed. He was repairman, builder, and chief mechanic in those days. Time was important to travelers. A stage coach could average almost 8 m an hour by hard driving, and the passengers and driver were anxious to be on their way. Then just as he was about to start, the driver stopped, called me, and handed me a letter he'd brought from the west. The letter was for me, and that letter launched my travel adventure. It was from my family out west in Illinois, and it told me to start west and join them before winter if my grandfather could spare me. When he read the letter, my grandfather just said, "Go." I tried not to show how excited I was, but I think he knew. In my room that night, I planned my trip. The shortest way was across the mountains and then on through Ohio. But I wasn't sure about crossing the mountains at all. They were rugged and high. And if I were to go alone, I'd need to be sure of my ways. Or I'd have to find a family headed west that I could join. Many people had traveled that way when my father was a boy. And I'd heard of boys younger than I was who had crossed the mountains alone. But to me, it seemed too hard and dangerous. Farther south was the National Road across the mountains. The National Road was clearly marked and easy to follow, but it was much too far out of my way. If I were to go north, I'd come to the Mohawk Valley, a broad gap in the mountains. Through it ran the Eerie Canal, connecting the Hudson River with Lake Erie. I decided to follow the canal west to Buffalo. I could leave the next day. I would ask the coach driver how to get to the canal. The next morning, the driver let me ride with him a ways, perched on the coach, rolling and swaying along. This was the way I began my trip. When we had traveled about half a day, the driver stopped the coach to let me off. [music] The canal was 7 mi away across country and I started out. [music] As I walked, I thought about those new trains and wished I had money enough to ride one of them, at least part of the way. By the time I got to the canal, I was hot and tired. It was quiet and lonely, and I decided to rest before starting west. As I was lying there beside the Eerie Canal, I heard something coming. I looked. Come on, Bill. And around the band appeared a big barge towed by a pair of mules. As I went to meet it, I saw the mules were being driven by the barge captain. He had lost his mule boy, and he offered me the job. I figured I might as well work while I walked. It wasn't hard, for the barge floated along easily, and the mules just followed the tow path along the bank. Sometimes the barge passengers would ride on top to see the sights. and I'd call out if I saw something ahead. I remember the first locks we went through. The lock tender partially opened the upper gates to let water into the lower level where our barge was. The water rose, bringing our barge up with it. When the water in the lock was as high as in the canal above, the upper gates were opened all the way. Then our barge could move on into the canal beyond the lock. And slowly the big barge moved through the narrow locks and out into the canal. During the trip I made on the old Eerie Canal, we went through 83 of those locks. I walked a long way on that tow path, but I was earning my board and keep. When we reached Buffalo, the old captain came to shake my hand and say, "Good journey." I still had nearly 600 miles to go west, and he would soon be heading east again. I had seen pictures of Buffalo, a busy port on Lake Erie, with tall masts marking where sailing vessels lay at anchor along the waterfront. I found lake steamers on the waterfront, too. One of them I came upon was loading for a voyage west to Detroit. I asked the captain the price of the passage, but it was too expensive. The boat carried people and cargo. cargo from as far away as China to be delivered to the inland country. I asked the captain to let me work my way. Taking that steamer to Detroit would leave me only a few hundred miles to Illinois. And riding beneath those smoke stacks looked exciting. I was waiting on the gang plank when the captain decided he needed me as a fireman's helper. As I went below, the captain signaled to the pilot, ready to start. The big mooring rope was cast off, the signal was given, and slowly the piston began to move. Slowly and smoothly, the little lake steamer pulled away from the dock. Below in the boiler room, I kept the fire hot, stirring it or adding wood every few minutes to keep up the steam. Once on my time off, the captain let me go over the maps he used. He showed me how the boat kept to the southern coast of Lake Erie, stopping at Eerie, Cleveland, Sanduski, Toledo, and Detroit. At these points, river traffic brought goods and passengers to the lake. All this inland country depended on water transportation. Some of it went north to the lakes. Other goods went south, to the big Ohio, and on to the Mississippi. On these rivers, huge steamers were used. Steamers big and powerful enough to move with or against the strong river currents. Smaller steamers were used on the Great Lakes, and ours was small even for a lake steamer. Because it was small, we could stay close to shore and pick up goods or passengers just about anywhere. And staying close to shore had other advantages, for often we had to land to load wood for our boilers. It took a lot of wood and a lot of work to keep the fire hot enough to make steam in it, drive the piston. But by working as a fireman's helper, I earned enough money to ride the last part of my journey as I wanted. By steam train, a pioneer in the travel system that one day would tie our nation together. That was the way I got to Illinois in the 1840s. Yes, I remember well my travel adventure that began the day we repaired the stage coach. It tells much of how Americans were traveling our vast continent when I was a boy. by stage coaches, canal barges pulled by mules or horses, small steamers on the Great Lakes, big steamboats on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, and as other Americans moved still farther west, long wagon trains were taking them as far as the Pacific. This was travel in our land when I was a boy in the 1840s. [music] Yes, we like to sing about the beauty and the romance of the old west, but there's a west you might not know about. Just coming out in dude season. That's the work a day range country busy making your beef steaks and your lamb chops. There are two packs of life out here. One's grass, the other's water. There's no prettier water in the world than you'll find in the range country coming down out of mountain snow. But there isn't always enough of it, and it isn't always in the right places. The idea is to get the [music] grass and the water together where the cattle and sheep can use them. If nature doesn't provide, the rancher has to. We've been building a good bunch of water holes in the last few years. Puddles won't do out here. It takes a good big dam and you got to move quite a pile of dirt. It's so costly a lot of us couldn't hardly do it until the government range program gave us a lift. Lots of places there's water underground, too. And with a little help from the range program, we put in windmills and watering tanks. When you got water, you can [music] spread your stock and use all the grass. not just wear out the best range [music] close around the water holes and ruin it with erosion. You get more beef when the cows don't walk it all off going 10 miles to get a drink. You get more beef on the herd when the grass is good. One of the things we're doing in the range program is to plow contour fur across the slopes to make the rain soak in so the grass gets all the good of it. It's good grass and water that puts the beef on it. We're looking for the kinds of grass that do best for us. One new kind the range program has helped introduce is crested wheat grass. There are other kinds adapted to various parts of the range country, too. They hold the soil. They're good for [music] grazing. Some of them, like crested wheat grass, are good for hay. I don't suppose Hollywood ever showed you a cow hand putting up hay, but [music] we do it. We've even got it mechanized. Maybe the song says the skies are not cloudy all day, but the range country does get some mighty rough weather. And if you want a good calf crop and the beef poundage coming off the ranch every season, you don't just let the cows rustle through the winter. No, you feed them. Every stack of hay on the place [music] is just like another insurance policy. If you read some of the story books, you'd think bob wire plum ruined the range country. Fact of the matter is a good part of our job is keeping fences up in shape. You see, we're using bob wire to make the range country better. Keep the cattle off a different piece of it each year until the [music] grass has made its seed and gotten a new start. Deferred grazing we call it in the range program along with proper [music] stocking. It's putting new life into a lot of ranges. Good grass and water mean more lambs and wool too. Sheep hurting on the range is a hard lonely life. Living in a wagon all season. Keeping the flock moving along to grass and water. Bringing them up to the shearing floor with thick fleces to help keep the world warm. That's all part of the year's work in the range country, though. And our folks know their jobs. They're working harder now because so many things from the range country. [music] [music] It takes a lot of hands at Roundup, too. Out at daybreak, breakfast at the chuck wagon, and then get the horses in. Get a rope on the first pony in your string, and saddle up for the morning's work. [music] Man's got to be able to take it all day, but he'll wear out a couple of horses. Oh, he must have heard me. [music] Uh, that film had seen better days. Uh the uh there were some sprocket issues there that which is why it rolled. Um some bad splices. Uh someone I guess at the Buffalo uh public school library shot a new title for it because I guess the old title got defilated. Um, uh, and I found quite a few examples of them shooting, uh, new titles. And sometimes, uh, the title that they shot and spliced onto it is not really the title. So, I don't know if that film is really called Home on the Range or if it's called something else. Um, I was going to look it up real quick because you guys love watching me type on the Range. Look this up in my database. Um, yeah. I we don't know. I think that's the right title, but we don't know who made it. Um, we think it's 1942, but but I don't know. This is just like what happened when we were watching uh that film about Enterprise. Um, where it had a tackon thing from a tobacco company when it was actually not had nothing to do with tobacco. is about arrow shirts. All right, one last film before I let you go and uh explore the rest of your Tuesday. This is films about ears and hearing. Film about ears and hearing. Enjoy. Through our ears enter the multitude of sounds from all about We had quite a trip up there to the lake. I thought without these sounds, our existence would be much different. But what is involved in hearing? And what is sound? To begin with, let's consider a very common sound. [groaning] As the hammer strikes the gong, molecules of air are set into waves or patterns of motion. These waves shown here schematically act upon the ear which then transmits nerve impulses to the brain. This is what happens whenever we hear a sound. Sound waves enter the ear through an external opening. Here we show the path taken by sound waves as they enter the ear. First the sound waves pass through an outer part of the ear called the outer ear. As the eard drum vibrates, it moves the chain of three tiny bones connected with it. These bones are in the middle part of the ear called the middle ear. [clears throat] The largest of the three bones is about 1/4 of an inch long. The bone attached to the eard drum is the hammer. The middle bone is the anvil and the bone at the right is the sternum. In this view, we're looking into the middle ear. The semi-transparent membrane vibrating at the lower left is the eard drum. The bones connected with it are the middle ear bones. This is the sound that is causing the eardrum to vibrate. Here is a closer view of the middle earbones in motion. At the lower left, we again see the eard drum and attached to it the hammer. Just to the right of center is the anvil and connected with it the stirrup. Because of the angle, not all of the stirrup can be seen. We can see how small the middle earbones are by comparing them with the head of an ordinary pin. Here is the hammer, the anvil, and the syrup. These three tiny bones transmit sound through the middle ear. Thus, in effect, the eardrum acts as a diaphragm. The hammer and the anvil act as levers and the strup transmits soundwave energy through its foot plate to the inner ear. Here is a close view of the inner ear or labyrinth as it is often called. The upper part shown in a lighter shade is concerned with our sense of balance. The spiral lower part the cacia is involved in hearing. There are two openings or windows into the coccia. The strup fits into the uppermost opening called the oval window. The strup transmits sound waves through the oval window to the fluid in the coccia. If we could uncoil the coccia and open it, we would see three chambers inside filled with fluid. The central chamber separates the two outer chambers except at the tip. The oval window shown at the top connects into the uppermost chamber. The lower chamber also has an opening through the bone called the round window. This opening is covered by an elastic membrane. When the stirrup moves, it sets in motion the fluid causing the round window to bulge. When the round window returns, the fluid moves in the opposite direction. High-pitched sounds mainly affect sections near the oval window. Low pitched sounds mainly affect sections toward the tip of the coccia. Whenever a vibration occurs, nerve impulses are set up in the coccia that pass along the auditory nerve. From the auditory nerve, the nerve impulses go onto the brain. This is how we hear. Most of the impulses reaching either ear go to the opposite side of the brain. Next we will consider some of the diseases that may affect our hearing. Sometimes wax a normal secretion of glands in the outer ear accumulates and blocks off part of the canal. Probing for the wax may pack it more tightly or even break the eard drum. When wax interferes with hearing, a doctor should be consulted. He can remove the wax without danger to the ear. Some people have middle ear trouble. As we have seen, the middle ear is essentially a cavity filled with air. It connects with the outside air through the ustakium tube which leads to a space between the throat and the back of the nose. Here at the mouth, the tube comes together and forms a flexible seal. Yawning or swallowing opens this seal, permitting air to go in or out. This movement of air is especially important when flying to balance sudden changes in outside air pressure. If the tube becomes inflamed, it may not open at all. Inflammation can be caused by infections that reach the ustakian tube from diseased adoids, tonsils, and sinuses. Blowing the nose too hard may force infectious germs back into the ustakian tube. If the tube fails to open properly, air indicated by the large arrow becomes trapped in the middle ear. Gradually, oxygen in the trapped air gets absorbed and this creates a partial vacuum in the middle ear. As this vacuum forms, the outside air pressure forces the eard drum inward. Fluid forms in the part of the middle ear shown by the black arrow. This causes impairment of hearing. Sometimes infections in the middle ear may cause destruction of the eard drum, the hammer and the anvil. In severe cases, almost all of the transmitting parts are destroyed. An electrical hearing aid may help restore partial hearing. With the use of a hearing aid, the handicap of deafness can often be overcome. A hearing aid is a miniature public address system that amplifies the intensity of sounds and transmits them to the ear. The receiver fits into the outer ear. The listener can adjust the volume by means of a tuning device. In this film, we've seen how the ear changes vibrations in air molecules into nerve impulses that we call sounds. Since next to sight, hearing is our most important sense. It is fortunate that for most of us, our ears will serve well throughout life, helping us to understand and enjoy our environment. [music] Those uh those animations are so great. Um there's a eyes and seen one uh was roughly made around the same time. Beautiful. Just really amazing stuff. Uh and it shows up in music videos all the time. Um so, uh kudos encycloped Britannica. Uh I reached out to them recently. I'm going to try to do some work with them um or what's left of them uh and see if we can get some more of their older films online. Um really glorious stuff. Thanks everybody for tuning in today. Uh very much appreciate uh you and your comments and your eyeballs. Um, one of the ways that you can say thank you Skip for doing this every day is to hit the like button or the like whatever thing. Um, almost all the social media has a way to do that. So, please do that. Um, so that we can tell the uh the software algorithm overlords that we deserve to live when the reckoning comes. Um, also hit like. Well, I said hit like, hit, hit subscribe. There's a notification thing, which sometimes works and sometimes doesn't. Um, you can also go to abgeeks.com and see other things that we have online of which we have thousands of things, lots and lots of things, including stuff that I just haven't gotten to yet. I haven't shown yet. Um, we have digitized so much stuff. Um, and if you like what you saw, you can buy some coffee because we like coffee. Coffee is um is magic here at AB Geeks. Um it's almost as important as um USB cables and SDI cables. So um buying this coffee is a way to internally have data flow faster um like a good fast uh digital cable. There you go. There's your analogy for the day. Um, but thanks again. Uh, join us again tomorrow 1 o'clock. Uh, as always, we look inside the film cam to tell us what we should do and it tells us to please rewind and love each other. So, please do that. Uh, and love yourself as well because times are tough. It's rough. So, please take care of yourself. Um, know that, you know, we care about you and we want you to survive. So, please take care of yourself. Please be safe. And uh we'll see you tomorrow. Everybody take care. Seven. Six. 5 4 3 8 7 6 5 4 3 8 7 6 5 4 3 8 7 6 5 4