AV Geeks Lunch 8-19

do do so so so so hello everybody i'm skip alzheimer and welcome to the ev geeks lunchtime streaming show where we watch old 16 millimeter films from the av geeks collection and other places um that last film was uh bike superstars and this is from the coronet collection which we've been scanning for the company that owns coronet and this was a um uh i don't know what the tech the cl the correct technology terminology for it was but basically it didn't have a soundtrack it was a master print um that they kept for insurance purposes and they would keep the soundtrack separate so um somewhere i'll find the soundtrack for this and i'll marry the two and then we'll have a nice uh 4k scan of this film with a nice soundtrack but um i love it 70s bike safety this film was made for me so i dig it uh this next film is uh see better healthy eyes something like this attached to the eye there are tiny muscles which can move and turn the eye to look in different directions coming out of the back of the eye is the optic nerve when you see something your eye sends a message through the optic nerve to your brain light coming from outside the eye goes through the lens and strikes the inside of the back of the eye this part of your eye is called the retina the retina is the part of your eye that sees things light is brought into focus on the retina what does focus mean when you see something in focus you see it clearly like this but you may see it out of focus like this if your lens is the wrong shape or your eye does not work right if your eyeball is too long or too short when your eye does not focus properly the rays of light from one spot on the candle do not all come together at one spot on the retina and you see a blur sometimes glasses will correct this and allow you to see things in sharp focus now you can see what marvelous things your eyes are and how important it is to care for them so you can see your best what does tommy do to care for his eyes first he takes care of his good health he eats the right kinds of food fruits and vegetables and milk he gets plenty of sleep and he keeps himself clean second he follows good safety rules he's careful to keep sharp points away from his face when he has to use sharp objects he uses them carefully and keeps the points covered if he can these are some of the sharp objects that may injure your eyes so it's best not to play with them if you have to use them be sure you know how did you ever have something get in your eye should you rub your eye no that might rub the dirt in deeper tommy has his mother or someone look at his eye a grown-up can take things out better and more safely tommy follows safety rules to help keep his eyes well tommy uses his eyes well he's careful not to make them work too hard when tommy reads he makes sure to have good light coming over his shoulder he holds the book about 14 inches away from his face do you know how far that is think how long a 12 inch rule is then hold your book a little farther than that from your eyes tommy sits up straight and holds the book up too and he stops after reading a few minutes to look away and rest his eyes try it yourself when you're reading it feels good why here's tommy's sister barbara she and mother have been to get barbara's new glasses the glasses help her to see things in focus tommy wants to try them but look tommy can hardly see when he wears barbara's glasses no these glasses were made especially for barbara a few days ago barbara and tommy both went to see dr black every year they go for their regular eye exam after a check to be sure tommy's eyes were not infected or diseased dr black looked at tommy's eyes with some different instruments you can have your eyes checked this way by an oculus a doctor of medicine who specializes in diseases of the eye or you can see an optometrist who is not a doctor of medicine but is specially trained in the care of vision well tommy's eyes are just fine then dr black examined barbara's eyes and found she would need glasses to help her see better looking through a special kind of spectacle barbara tried to read from the chart this helped dr black to measure her eyes and see what kind of glasses she needed dr black wrote out a prescription for her glasses barbara could get her glasses from an optician who specializes in making glasses at the opticians barbara's glasses were ground on these fine machines ground just the way dr black ordered they were shaped just right for barber's eyes then they were fitted into frames by the optician he is the man who knows just how to make glasses and how to fit them so they'll help barbara see better and be comfortable to wear after she had dr black check her eyes again she came home to show the glasses to tommy she'll take care of her glasses and wear them just as the doctor said she should now we know some of the ways tommy takes care of his eyes so they will serve him and we'll all take care of our eyes because they're very precious things we'll follow good health habits we'll follow safety rules we'll use our eyes well we'll have our eyes checked every year or so if we need glasses we'll wear them and take good care of them [Music] that's the way to take care of our eyes and we'll do it because it's fun to have healthy eyes [Music] um so that was a coronet film made in 1950 and i was looking at the word oculus like i can't find it um like maybe i'm not spelling it right but so i've always been confused about who does what and so uh an oculus is an ophthalmologist or a opto metricist um and it's a dated term um uh optometricist opta basic eye care specialist who can examine diagnose or medically treat eye conditions ophthalmologists or a type of medical doctor who specialize in surgical procedures of the eye opticians are customer service specialists who work in the vision care and optometry offices i don't know if that clarified it anymore um but there you go all right uh we got a film set up on the telecity tell us any um behind me and that's uh we actually can transfer films live and you can watch them live this one is school problems getting along with others enjoy this film is designed for classroom participation you are invited to stop the projector for discussion after each problem is presented [Music] if you were all by yourself at school you'd never have any trouble getting along with others but in everyday life many people work and play together and sometimes people have problems in getting along with others a knife game it looks as if it would be fun to play but bill knows that knives are not allowed at school of course these boys are not in bill's room maybe they don't know the school rule not likely though bill doesn't want to break the school rules or get into trouble he doesn't want to get anybody else in trouble either perhaps going about his own business would be the best thing to do now it looks like somebody could get hurt bill wonders what to do does he have a responsibility to do anything if so what let's talk it over begin [Music] cheryl is late again her father works nights and she and her mother just don't wake up early in the morning cheryl interrupts the class almost every day yet she feels that it is not really her fault that she is late when cheryl's problem takes the time of the whole class it becomes a class problem something must be done to help cheryl or is there a way that cheryl could help herself let's talk it over brenda is a good worker she tries hard to follow directions and to do her own work brenda does have a problem though and his name is daryl daryl is always taking things without asking and disturbing brenda at her work brenda doesn't want a tattle maybe if she ignores him he won't bother her again and now without a pencil brenda must do something what can brenda do to keep daryl from bothering her every day let's talk it over today the ballroom has a new helper fred asked for the job because he wanted to feel important [Music] but he soon found out that being bossy and yelling didn't work russell made it clear that being calm and courteous is an easier way of working with others and after that things went smoothly at first fred thought the job was interesting and he liked taking care of the equipment but when fred's friend stopped by and asked him to play he began to miss being outside one of fred's responsibilities was to get back any missing equipment although he was only doing his job some people didn't seem to like him anymore fred decided he wanted to quit being a ballroom helper just wasn't as much fun as he had thought it would be what do you suppose russell thinks about staying with a job even though it is not always easy does fred have a responsibility to the school and to himself to stay on the job what should fred do let's talk it over writing is easy for chris but not so easy for robert so sometimes robert gets a little help with words put your language papers away and get ready for your spelling tip robert is worried about how he will do on his spelling test smile a pleasant smile came over his face smile joy susan jumped for joy joy garage he put the car in the garage garage heavy the horse carried a heavy load heavy metal the chair is made of metal metal base is the base of the lamp heavy base now robert's problem is also a problem for chris chris knows that giving help during a practice lesson is different from giving help during a test if he doesn't do anything won't robert think it's all right to copy what do you think chris should do now let's talk it over most of the time boys and girls get along well with each other but there will always be problems wherever people work closely together it isn't always easy to know the right thing to do and it isn't always easy to do the right thing even when you know it in your own classroom perhaps you or others have had problems in getting along if so talk about them now with your teacher and your classmates talking about problems may help to solve them and it will help you understand more about get along with others so uh i just wanted to show you i did a little bit of color correction on the fly and this is what it looks like before that's not so bad no all right so it was a little reddish but um mostly it was okay good good to know uh anyways what a great film and so here's my theory um i don't know this for sure but given my experience with 16 millimeter projectors um when you turn the volume on and off you're basically turning on this little exciter bulb this little bulb that is you know it's like a little light bulb and there's an exciter sensor that uh what happens is the light shines through the uh optical soundtrack and then the sensor converts that to audio well in some cases when you turn that on the amp goes poop like really loud and cause i've had this happen like i've i've done this with um where i've done a show and i stopped the projector and turned off this or turned off the sound it was like poop so um i'm guessing the reason for that was they didn't want the loud popping sound to disrupt the classroom that's my guess i don't know there might be another reason why but yeah um i love scenarios like that i love the little little skits of what can we do um they are often called trigger films uh in that they trigger discussion uh not in sometimes emotional response so it's like actively trying to uh to get people to think and to be provocative and it's not a negative thing so i have a lot of those for kids for adults for people on specific jobs so all right let's see what um the government supplies after an atomic attack [Music] this is a public shelter no matter how high its protection factor may be a shelter must also include the supplies and equipment which are essential for shelter living to make sure that all properly identified and marked shelters have the minimum supplies and equipment required for survival the office of civil defense of the department of defense has furnished a basic quantity of these essentials the supplies consist of food water containers a sanitation kit a medical kit and a shelter radiation kit once they have been delivered of course these supplies become the responsibility of local authorities to make sure that they will be available if needed they should be stored in a safe dry place either in the shelter itself or in an area nearby for a 50-man shelter these supplies require a storage area of approximately 50 to 75 cubic feet for a 100-man shelter approximately twice that much in other words the supplies furnished by the federal government require about one to one and one half cubic feet per shelter space and once they have been stored the supply should be checked periodically to make sure that they are still intact and complete now let's see exactly what is included in these supplies first let's consider the food the food which is included in the government supplies consists entirely of a special formula wheat biscuit or cracker these survival crackers contain the nourishment required to maintain a reasonable state of health under shelter conditions the crackers come in sealed tins which are packed in fiberboard cartons the government supplies a food allowance at a level of 10 000 calories per person the larger carton with six tins like this contains the total food allowance for seven people the smaller case with two of these larger tins provides the same allowance for five people these ten thousand calories which are provided for each shelter space would permit for example a daily ration of two thousand calories for five days or a daily ration of approximately 900 calories for 11 days even more essential to survival than food is water to make sure there is an adequate supply of water for each approved shelter the government furnishes water storage drums this type drum holds 17 and one half gallons or 70 quarts of water enough drums are furnished to provide three and a half gallons or 14 quarts of water per person the drums of course are shipped empty they must be filled by the local authorities before being stored in a shelter filling is done in accordance with the instructions which are provided in a pamphlet as well as printed on the drum to prevent leakage this drum has a double plastic liner when full this type of drum weighs about 150 pounds to assist shelter occupants in the sanitary distribution of water certain other items are included in the sanitation kit first there are plastic cups enough extra cups are included in each kit to take care of breakage or overload also there is a rubber tube or siphon like this one this tube greatly simplifies the problem of dispensing water from the storage drums to the cups this covers the food and water supplies and the equipment which is furnished to help in their sanitary storage and distribution but there are other aspects of sanitation which are equally important in the close quarters of shelter living contagious disease can be a very serious matter the best way to prevent disease is to follow proper sanitation practices not only in the distribution of food and water but in the disposal of waste there are two types of sanitation kits kit 3 is for 25 people this kit kit 4 provides necessary sanitary facilities for fifty people the container which holds the sanitation items when emptied is intended to be used as a commode it contains a double polyethylene liner which can be pulled up over the sides it also contains a plastic seat which fits over the top of the drum in addition the kit contains toilet tissue and sanitary napkins for cleaning hands there is a waterless hand cleaner it is used primarily by food handlers and those servicing commodes dispense the cleaner with the tongue depressor to avoid contaminating the contents to prevent odors and inhibit the growth of germs there is a bottle of chemical disinfectant use the chemical carefully as directed on the container to tie up the polyethylene liner when it's full a tie wire is included when the liner is tied replace the cover and the drum can be removed from the shelter and one of the water drums which by this time will have been emptied can be used in place of it all of the drums have double bags to prevent leakage for use during the disposal operation there is a pair of polyethylene gloves do not remove the filled bags from the drum if a drum must be moved slide it across the floor instead of tilting or lifting if in spite of all precautions sickness or injury does strike the shelter occupants certain medical supplies are available for emergency treatment two different size medical kits are furnished by the federal government kit a is intended to satisfy the needs of approximately 50 to 65 people and kit c of approximately 300 to 325 people both kits contain the same type of supplies but in different quantities medicines include such things as aspirin alcohol penicillin and sulfadiazine dressings include bandages cotton and gauze pads there are other useful items such as cotton tipped applicators tongue depressors and a thermometer finally there are two very useful pamphlets the family guide which is intended to aid the shelter occupants in coping with the more common medical emergencies and a pamphlet containing instructions for the use of medical supplies and special medicines these medical supplies of course are not intended to take care of unusual or very serious illness or injury they are expected to provide treatment for the more common ailments and injuries which may occur during shelter occupancy along with the supplies which you've just seen the office of civil defense furnishes one other type of equipment which is of vital importance to the health and safety of shelter occupants radiological instruments to each stocked shelter the government furnishes a shelter radiation kit with the instruments in this kit the trained monitor can measure the radiation that might be present the instruments are packed in a fiberboard carton for storage as a unit however this carton should be stored in a place where it is easily accessible since the instrument should be checked periodically to make sure they are operable included in the carton are instruction and maintenance manuals covering operation of the instruments in the kit also the batteries which are used in some of the instruments the kit contains four separate radiological instruments this is a survey meter which is sensitive to low levels of radiation it is commonly called a geiger counter this instrument is used for monitoring of personnel food and water to determine if they are contaminated here we have a high range survey meter which is intended to measure moderate and high levels of radiation this is the instrument which will be used by the monitors for most of their in shelter monitoring activities it can be used for measuring radiation outside the shelter or measuring radiation coming into the shelter from the outside or radiation beyond the range of the first instrument each of these survey meters comes equipped with a shoulder strap now both of these are rate measuring instruments they measure the rate at which radiation is being given off this on the other hand is a dose measuring instrument or dosimeter it measures the dose or total amount of radiation to which an individual or group might have been exposed during a period of time it may be worn or carried by an individual so that it will be exposed to the same amount of radiation to which he is exposed it may also be hung in an appropriate location within the shelter then by holding the dosimeter up to the light you can read the scale inside and determine the total amount or dose of radiation finally there is the dosimeter charger now this is not an instrument for measuring radiation it is used to supply the voltage required to charge or zero the dosimeter before it is used like this these are the four types of instruments included in the shelter radiation kit they serve the shelter occupants in various ways this provides a check on food and water which might be contaminated this one measures the radiation levels both inside and outside of the shelter the dosimeter enables you to determine what the total amount or dose of radiation is and finally we have the dosimeter charger which is used to zero the dosimeter itself before it can be used used properly these instruments provide information which we use to keep the radiation exposure or shelter occupants to the minimum this completes the supplies and equipment which are furnished by the federal government under the shelter provisioning program 10 000 calories of food per person enough water storage capacity to provide three and one half gallons of water for each occupant a sanitation kit to enable the occupants to follow essential sanitary practices a medical kit with which to treat the more common ailments or injuries and a radiation kit to provide essential radiological information now these supplies provide the basic necessities for a given number of people during the period of time they may have to occupy a shelter however these government furnished supplies should not be considered a limitation on local authorities they should be considered a minimum rather than a maximum local officials are encouraged to augment these supplies to any extent they may consider desirable and practical in order to provide additional comfort and to make shelter living more pleasant [Music] so um that was transferred some time ago by uh an intern who um occasionally would miss the fact that the film was rolling due to uh it shrinking and so um occasionally i run across films like this um so this the idea of like why would i use my finger so basically use a finger to press the film down on the sprocketed wheel so that it was uh running through um and correctly capturing basically the telecine is set up in a way that it it doesn't use the sprockets to move the film through it uses the sprocketed wheel to see where the sprockets are to trigger and so if it's beginning to shrink then you get that kind of waviness and putting my finger on it helps sometimes sometimes it's too far gone then we have to use a scanner which uses a laser and it looks at the sprocketed the perf holes and it pulses accordingly um so uh i have some personal experience with those crackers uh some friends of mine used to go uh exploring in uh places that they weren't supposed to be and they were in a fallout shelter and they found a tin that was filled with those and they opened it up and we all ate um they were amazingly uh um they weren't stale they hadn't gone bad it was pretty good considering that they were probably made in the 60s um and this was in the 80s um and they tasted like graham crackers except we noticed on the package that it said it contained as percentage of cellulose uh and we're like and basically we looked it up and the cellulose was there uh for fiber so that people would not get constipated um and it so it had kind of a very slight kind of when somebody talked about eating the fiberboard it was kind of like a graham cracker slash cardboard i mean if you're hungry then you know definitely eat it but uh it's a fascinating film i really uh enjoy watching films like this they really give me a sense of you know they set at a time and then they also set um like some you know a bunch of people got together to figure out like all right how are we going to do this if people are in a shelter fallout shelter and have to spend two weeks there until the fallout clears um what do we need to give them what needs to happen and how is this all going to work and then how is civilization going to exist afterwards this film is a next film is a science film um brought to us by the moody institute of science and this is about uh telescopes um i should say before we get started uh thank you uh somebody got got me some coffee and i can't remember who it was mitch thank you mitch for the coffee uh you can support 80 geese by buying us coffee you can also go to avgeeks.com you can hit like the little like button do that that's awesome and it's free um anyways i do that before we watch this uh science film by the moody institute of science enjoy [Music] oh [Music] without doubt the greatest puzzle ever to confront the human mind is the universe in which we live when and how was it brought into existence for what purpose what forces mold and control it and perhaps most important of all where do we fit into the scheme of things here truly is a puzzle of astronomical proportions puzzle solving requires logic logic becomes profound with the gathering of information occasionally in the search for knowledge there is a discovery so fundamental it is called a breakthrough the discovery of radio waves coming from outer space was such an occurrence and it came about quite by accident the year was 1930 the place the quiet little town of homedell new jersey at the bell telephone laboratories carl jansky a brilliant young radio engineer was assigned to study static interference which was hampering transatlantic telephone communication in order to study the noise more systematically janski built a large rotating or directional antenna he dubbed it a merry-go-round the antenna was connected to a receiver which amplified the signals the receiver in turn was connected to a graphic recorder working with this ingenious equipment jansky was able to locate and identify many sources of interference such as near and distant thunderstorms but he also noticed a persistent hissing sound which he could not explain [Music] instead of dismissing the sound is unimportant jansky kept accurate records from which he was able to detect the sound's pattern of intensity and direction of arrival gradually jansky came to a startling conclusion the interference was coming not from earth but from a direction fixed in space the direction of sagittarius in the milky way newspapers carried the account of the discovery but no one seemed to sense its real importance so jansky's reports were filed and forgotten in 1937 in wheaton illinois another amateur radio enthusiast grope reaver began experimenting with what he called cosmic static intrigued by janski's earlier reports reaver decided to find out more about these strange signals from the milky way to do so he realized he would need a better antenna one with more directional capability than janski's this he felt could best be achieved by building a parabolic reflector so river constructed what was needed in his own backyard on his own time with his own money his 31 foot dish was the world's first radio telescope and for several years grote rieber was the world's only radio astronomer he confirmed and enlarged jansky's findings he discovered the milky way our galaxy was like an enormous radio transmitter by analyzing his findings river was able to put together the first radial map of the milky way today his telescope is still in use at the national radio astronomy observatory near greenbank west virginia [Music] in the few short decades since world war ii radio astronomy has exploded in fantastic growth literally hundreds of radio telescopes have been designed and deployed around the world [Music] many of these incredible instruments weigh thousands of tons and cost millions of dollars they are so versatile they can be used to track satellites bounce beams off the moon and pick up signals from the outer reaches of space the instruments may vary in size but large or small they're made up of three basic parts a reflector with a receptor at its focus [Music] a receiver and a recorder the reflector collects radiation from the region of the sky to which it is pointed the receiver amplifies and measures the radiation and the recorder produces a permanent record of the observation usually in two forms simultaneously on a graph and on magnetic tape but for all their power and precision you may still be wondering why radio telescopes play such an important part in our attempts to understand the universe well to answer this question we need to become familiar with the electromagnetic spectrum and that's not as difficult as it may sound all matter in the universe radiates or emits energy the electromagnetic spectrum shows the scope or range of this energy both in terms of its frequency and its wavelength at the lower end of the spectrum the wavelengths are long at the upper end short the narrow white strip represents energy we can see with our eyes and is therefore called visible light the radio section of the spectrum is a range of wavelengths ten thousand times greater than that of visible light attempting to understand the universe by using just the visible light section is like trying to understand baseball by watching the action through a crack in the fence by contrast radio astronomy has opened a huge window to the universe looking through this window we are discovering things we didn't even know existed for example radio telescopes revealed a strong source of radiation in the constellation of cygnus star maps showed absolutely nothing at that particular position so coordinates were sent to mount palomar and the powerful 200-inch optical telescope was pointed at the spot from which the radiation was being received for several hours it tracked an apparently empty section of the sky a photographic plate was exposed when the print was developed the astronomers realized they were looking at something they had never seen before something they would never have known even existed except for radio astronomy a galaxy undergoing a violent explosion they called it cygnus a the crab nebula is the result of another dramatic event it was once a star which came to a violent and spectacular end for six thousand years the light from the explosion traveled through space and finally reached the earth on july 4th 1054 a d it was observed by chinese astronomers to them it was a new star which glowed more brightly than venus in the early morning sky in fact according to their records the new star could be seen in broad daylight for 23 days it was the brightest object in the heavens except for the sun and then it faded and disappeared [Music] today when we point our telescopes to that place in the sky we see the starkly beautiful crab nebula the expanding remains of that guest star once observed by chinese astronomers in the center of the crab nebula is a small but extremely dense object a neutron star a pulsar in 1967 working together at cambridge university professor anthony hewish and his assistant jocelyn bell picked up a signal from outer space that pulsed with irregularity and for which they could not account on the basis of anything known to astronomy because the signals were coming in short bursts or pulses the new source of radiation was called a pulsating radio source or pulsar for short since that historic moment over 100 pulsars have been located all thus far in our galaxy it is believed they are formed from the collapsed remnants of supernova explosions they are extremely dense they have intense magnetic fields and small diameters only about 12 miles or even smaller [Music] but one teaspoonful of a pulsar would weigh 700 million tons at such a density the earth would be only 432 feet in diameter and the earth's entire population could be squeezed into a single drop of water as they rotate pulsars seem to generate beams of directional energy that sweep out across space like a lighthouse beacon as the beam hits the earth it appears on electronic equipment as a pulse it has been suggested that pulsars might be used as navigational beacons in space flight but out there in space beyond the pulsars even beyond the galaxies are other celestial objects recently discovered through the window of radio astronomy to the best of our knowledge these objects are the most distant things in the universe they are called quasars the word quasar comes from quasi-stellar something that looks like a star but isn't what is a quasar we do not know what we do know is that quasars are the brightest and the most remote objects known to man the milky way has a hundred billion stars many of them brighter than the sun but according to recent estimates one quasar is 200 times as bright as the entire milky way galaxy whatever they are quasars seem to be at the very edge of the universe traveling away from us and the farther away they are the faster they seem to be traveling in fact the entire universe seems to be expanding all of which supports the theory that at one time every bit of matter and energy in the universe was concentrated in one place in other words there is strong evidence to support the belief that the universe had a definite beginning now if the universe did begin with a cataclysmic explosion the radio waves from that explosion should still be in existence they would be of predictable wavelengths and intensities and they would be uniformly distributed throughout space radio waves meeting those requirements do exist the task of science is to take all the bits and pieces of information which come from every area of research and fit them into a meaningful whole it's very much like solving a puzzle radio astronomy is playing a vital part in helping to solve the puzzle of the universe the farther out into space we look the farther back into time we go as scientists compare the here and now with the there and then they find that no matter how far into the past their findings take them the same physical laws seem to apply over the mantle of the fireplace outside the office albert einstein occupied at princeton university are these words god is very subtle but he is not malicious einstein would have us remember that it takes tremendous effort and dedication to understand something as complex as the universe but we can come to that understanding because of the order the unity and the harmony we find there [Music] i gotta say for a moody institute of science film that um wasn't as wasn't really a moody institute of science film um normally uh the films have a hook uh that relates to god's creation and they talk about it at the end um some of the moody institute of science films are actually like our sermons and so you have some science stuff that shows some science footage maybe an experiment then uh dr erwin moon sits down with the bible and starts talking about scripture and about jesus um and that's how he got started as he was doing science experiments and touring around different churches and using the science experiments and the interest in science to bring people into the church so then he could you know basically witness to them the moody institute of science films got edited down and distributed to schools to take advan advantage of the national defense education act that came out after sputnik launched and the united states is like oh man we're getting behind in science and math that we need to get all our students educated and so moody institute was like yeah well we can make these um science films and we can edit them down and instead of talking about jesus we'll just talk about god because most people in the united states believe in god you know the catholics and the um the jews and so yeah well you know we'll be covering our bases with that but um a lot of those films that deal with uh animals are constantly taking a jab at evolution this one was really interesting because i was expecting at the end to uh when they're talking about evidence of the big bang and talking about well there should be radio waves that represent that i was expecting them to say and there aren't any because god created you know blah blah blah but uh they didn't uh so this is probably the most sciency of the uh moody institute of science films they also um this is later this is like in the late 60s and moody institute of science i think we're making films up until the early 70s then a lot of those films were being called out because of their religious content in public schools so they kind of waned after a period of time they kind of still exist or at least they did in the 90s uh releasing their things on dvd but um somebody noticed at the beginning let me see if i can find it i'm going to um let me go back to uh where is it on my glasses um let's see [Music] all right all right so you can see in the in the center there is a hole under universe and that is what we call that's a perf punch puncture or a sprocket puncture basically when somebody threaded this projector the um they didn't do it right and so the little sprocketed wheel that it clamps down on onto the sprockets uh clamped down in the middle of the film and punched a hole in in it [Music] um and that is regrettable but it happens um usually a a teacher who doesn't quite know what they're doing doesn't hear that sound and like like that doesn't sound right um that's what happened and you know people ask me advice for uh what projectors to get and projectors i'm like just pick one brand a projector one model a projector and learn it and learn what it's supposed to sound like when it runs right and when it's running wrong you'll immediately will know you'll hear like that doesn't sound right it sounds like that lost its loop or yeah it sounds like it's taking up weird um so that's my recommendation for 16 collectors out in the world um thanks for tuning in today appreciate your eyeballs i appreciate all the new faces out there um we do this every weekday one o'clock eastern standard time and we've got literally tens of thousands of films to watch and i'm happy to show them to you as long as you're there to watch them and to comment on them and to share what we do with other people spread the word tell tell people that you like av geeks or at least you're mildly interested in what they're doing um you can go to avgeeks.com and see other shows that we've done in the past five dvds and you can of course buy his coffee at buy me a coffee dot com slash av geeks yeah everybody have a good rest of your day uh as always um we look in film cans and they tell us to either please rewind or please do not rewind in this case please rewind but they love each other's always a nice thing to read and to do so everybody take care and we'll see you again tomorrow bye six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six four three eight seven six five four three hey seven six five four three eight seven six five four three