AV Geeks 16mm 1-16-2024

in is all for is is that for hello everybody I'm ski Alzheimer welcome to the AV Geeks lunchtime streaming show where we watch old 16 mm films and that was a personal travelog not my personal travelog but uh somebody else's uh basically their home movies um and from the 1960s and some beautiful stuff there very very pretty um so I showed a film yesterday Harve and Marv and it it brought some people were uh like I don't like Harin Marv and some people were like uh upset about it um so uh and I think that uh it basically invoked another thing uh which uh we just uh scanned so enjoy [Music] uh-oh I wonder I wonder what do you wonder wondercat I wonder what why don't I fall up why don't you fall up well if you're curious enough you can find out just to get started let's agree on which way is up that's easy that way is up that bird is flying up and that plane it's going up too so up is that way you know away from the ground or you could say away from the earth right right and down which way is that down that's toward the ground toward the Earth right right so when you say that something Falls or moves up or down you're really describing the Direction it's moving that's right toward or away from the earth but I still don't know why I fall down instead of up well look around look at the things that move and see if you find some Clues as to why those things move in One Direction instead of in the opposite direction well I'm looking at things that are moving but I haven't found any clues yet hey look at that ball it isn't moving at all well keep on looking and maybe you'll find out why oh I see why the ball isn't moving it's in the middle of a rope that both sides are pulling on in a tug of war it looks like one side is pulling just as hard as the other side is what do you think would have to happen for the ball to move one side would have to start pulling harder and I think that's what's going to happen now but when the ball moves which way will it move toward the side that's pulling harder yes things start to move when they are pulled or pushed in One Direction harder than in another so I guess I understand the reason I fall down and don't fall up they must be something pulling me down toward the ground and it must be something that pulls me down harder than anything that pulls or pushes me up very good but I wonder what do you wonder wondercat I wonder what is it that's pulling me [Music] down I know what was pulling on the ball in the tug of war when one team pulled harder than the other team did the ball moved it moved in the direction of the harder pull but what pulls things that makes them fall down well remember things fall toward the earth does that mean that the Earth pulls things down that's right and we give a name to the pull of the earth we call it [Music] gravity gravity I'll try to remember that word but I wonder I could see the hands of the people pulling on the rope and moving the ball but I don't think I've ever seen the Earth pulling on anything that's because the Earth can pull on things without touching them you can't see gravity but you can see things move because gravity pulls them toward the Earth gravity is pulling you too right now but I'm not falling why remember why the ball didn't move at first in the tug of war well both sides were pulling on the rope but one pull wasn't stronger than the other say since I know that gravity is pulling me down but I'm not moving something else must be pulling me up just as hard right yes but not pulling pushing up on you in order for the branch to hold you up it has to push you up just as hard as gravity is pulling you down if it didn't I'd fall down I see what you mean the small branches on a tree aren't very strong that bird should be careful well gravity doesn't pull down as hard on that bird as it pulls down on you it doesn't how hard does it pull down on us well you can find out with that scale can you make the pointer move sure I just have to pull down on it like this see and the harder I pull the farther the pointer moves stop pulling now get on the [Music] scale what's happening well now my whole body is pulling the scale down or is it gravity that's pulling me down that's what it is good thinking and see where the pointer is at 6 lb hey that's what I weigh well sure this is a scale but does that mean my weight tells me how hard gravity is pulling me down towards the Earth yes that's right we say that gravity is pulling you down with a force of 6 lb now let's weigh the bird okay wow that little bird doesn't even weigh one PB that means that gravity is pulling down on the bird a lot less than it is on me I mean with a lot less Force just like you said is that why a bird can go up and I can't because gravity pulls down on me more than it pulls down on the bird well no you see all that matters is whether the push up on a bird is stronger than the pull down when a bird's wings give it a strong enough push up it can fly the force of the Wings pushing a bird up is greater than the force of gravity pulling it down an airplane can go up for the same reason its wings and engine give it a push up that is greater than the force of gravity pulling it down the push up always has to be more than the pull down for something to go up into the air so that's how I make a ball go up every time I throw it up I'm giving it a push up that's stronger than the pull down gravity is giving it the ball just goes up away and then it comes back down again the harder I throw it the higher up it goes but it always slows down as it goes up then it stops and starts coming down again Earth's gravity has pulled the ball back to Earth but I wonder why don't things we send into space fall back to Earth that's it's because the burning Rocket Fuel keeps pushing the rocket upwards it keeps going up and up until it's in space and keeps on traveling away from the earth does the Earth's gravity still pull on things when they're in space yes but as a space vehicle keeps going farther and farther away from Earth Earth's gravity pulls less and less on it if a space vehicle gets close enough to something big in space like the moon then the moon's gravity will pull on it when the moon's gravity pulls harder on it than the Earth's gravity does then down becomes the direction toward the Moon is that right that's right and if you landed on the moon you'd find that its gravity doesn't pull on you as hard as Earth's gravity does so I'd weigh less there that's right and does that mean I could jump higher that's right and I wouldn't come down so fast or so hard that's right that would be nice since now I understand why I can never fall up even on the [Music] moon [Music] I love the fact that you as soon as you heard the theme music you were like [Laughter] no uh it Delights me how how much you hate this uh and and I agree I think that Wonder cat's voice is really cloying and just drives me nuts I think it's the same with Marvin Hart the affected voices that they have gar you know oh drives me nuts okay uh so behind me I have a film scanner set up we have a film let's learn about uh Switzerland today which means it was potentially 40 or 50 years ago uh enjoy ah it's a tension issue uh we're going to watch this film uh about alcohol choices and I don't think it's uh specifically related to which alcohols you choose but the fact that you're choosing alcohol in general let's find out [Music] is [Music] okay that's about right to begin with you should not hey hey hey hey wait a minute wait wait a minute hey what are you doing I have to give a demonstration of how to drink yeah I heard but why tell people how to drink doesn't that imply that they should well I don't mean to it's just that well drinking is pretty much a part of our way of life all you have to do is look [Music] around [Music] okay so Americans drink but even those who do sometimes have mixed feelings about the subject and that's why it's so difficult to decide whether or not to drink now look can we agree on one point whatever the decision it should be made by the individual influenced only by his or her personal feelings and beliefs agreed we're in business um did you want something else oh no nothing nothing else aren't you leaving oh no no no go right ahead don't mind me to begin with alcohol about that sign what sign that how to drink things I mean what's the point look it's simple alcohol is strong stuff technically speaking it's a drug a depressant that affects the behavior of the drinker so if you're going to drink you darn well better know how to handle it better better many thanks and now if you approve I'm going to offer some introductory information about alcoholic beverages alcoholic beverages fall into three broad categories beer wine and what is referred to as hard liquor beer and wine usually contain less alcohol than the hard Liquors but they still can be potent they still can make you drunk hard Liquors come in a variety of names Scotch Rye Brandy Jinn vodka bourbon to name the most common their strength is determined by alcoholic content alone and not by appearance or even taste some for example are colorless and innocent looking but what looks like plain water may be vodka or Jin when served mixed they may look pretty and taste as sweet and innocent but the alcoholic content is always there interesting it's a good start but you need more information on the effect of alcohol on the Drinker oh that's not so simple don't sound simple enough I only theoretically I mean it's true that basically the effect is determined by how much alcohol is consumed in a given amount of time but there are other complications for example drinking on an empty stomach allows the alcohol to get into the bloodstream more quickly so the effect will be felt more quickly body weight is another complicating factor a few ounces of alcohol may have much less effect when absorbed into a large body then into a small one alcohol can also hit you harder if you're ill or tired or run down okay so you have size General physical condition whether or not your stomach is full now those are all simple enough to consider aren't they yes but it's still not so simple sometimes individual reactions Breck all the logical rules so how do you determine your own limits by drinking slowly enough to begin noticing the effects of the alcohol before you've had too much for example consider three shots of hard liquor now each glass is pretty small so it's no big deal to down them one after the other in a short [Music] time [Music] but that means that they're being consumed before their effects are felt then suddenly whammo you may be drunk or even [Music] sick but suppose we take the same amount of alcohol and mix it with water or a soft drink or fruit juice that gives you a better chance to consume it slowly a sip at a time in no rush at all it isn't hard to take a half an hour or even more to empty just a first Glass by the time you get to the second drink you're already feeling the effect of the first but you're still in control you're capable of making the decision to go no farther if that's what you [Music] want and if there is a second drink or a third one you're in control all the way if you take it slow see what I mean you've handled drinking well that's okay as far as it goes but what if everybody else is still drinking and they pressure you to keep up with them you always have a choice you can always say no well sometimes you can't you could kill your social life or lose friendships a social life and friends that demand heavy drinking may not be the best kind to have actually I agree with you I'm just feeding a straight line so you can make your point well anyway as we agreed earlier every individual must make his or her own decision about drinking you might say there's a choice of three categories cat one The non-drinkers Who avoid anything alcoholic category two those who use alcohol but with intelligence and control above all they know when to stop Category 3 would be the abuser of alcohol the heavy drinker the uncontrolled drinker the alcoholic you mean the poor soul who winds up on Skid Row not necessarily alcoholics come in all sizes and shapes in all walks of life they drink because they can't help themselves for escape because they can't face life they don't always end up in the gutter or jail or a mental ward but very few manage to avoid the accidents the broken careers the ruined marriages and families that are the alcoholic standard payoff to see us anymore because we don't do much and the house isn't really kept very well and I thought you know maybe you thought maybe you'd stop drinking a little bit sounds sort of grim hopeless hopeless no not hopeless not if the alcoholic gets help from where lots of places there are many organizations around that'll help and some just for young people with drinking problems well how do you find them phone book ask a doctor ask a teacher ask a parent ask an uncle just ask helps around if you ask for it okay how many uh times has been really bad this week huh no no come on now it's been bad this week you I know it's been bad you've got to admit it's been bad to yourself before you know that you're actually going to solve the problem right huh yeah because every time you ignore that time every time you just pass over that time when you when you really want that drink you're not facing the problem that that particular time and it's a stepbystep process you've got to know it each time look it Square in the eye and decide I'm not going to have a drink right now don't worry about the next year the next month look do it each moment you want that drink what do you think about that do you look at uh do you look at it each time when you're when you want that drink can you can you actually say no to that drink or do you have dreams what about it huh you almost finished time's running out just about I only wanted to throw in three more points don't think that coffee can sober you up if you've put away too much alcohol it may help you keep awake but that's all never repeat never mix alcohol and medicines or drugs of any kind that's a deadly combination and know your own limits know when to stop and that's it well well what well what did you think how' you like the presentation my opinion isn't important well then whose is there's [Music] run it's driving me nuts all right here's Switzerland today Switzerland is a small mountainous country locked in the heart of Europe it's barely 230 Mi wide and less than 130 mi from north to south it has no no Coastline and almost no natural resources yet this tiny rugged country enjoys one of the highest living standards in the world and compete successfully with countries much larger and wealthier in resources than itself what's the secret behind Switzerland success and what's it like in Switzerland today [Music] politically Switzerland is a Federation of 25 sovereign states called cantons each Canton has its own government its own capital and largely decides its own Affairs burn is the capital of the country and the seat of the federal government the Swiss people are a mixture of many different Origins and speak three main languages in the blue area to the West it's French in the black it's German or the Swiss equivalent they call Schweitzer du in the red areas to the South it's Italian an ancient language called romanch derived from Latin is still spoken in the yellow [Music] areas physically Switzerland is a country of towering mountains and picture postcard Villages each year tourists spend over $1 billion enjoying its great natural beauty but Switzerland is also one of the most highly industrialized countries in the world she learned long ago that to survive in the modern world she had to industrialize but she had almost no natural resources no iron ore no coal no oil Switzerland solved this problem by concentrating production on Goods that needed a minimum of raw materials but a maximum of human skills skills that call for patience Ingenuity a love of precision and minute detail over the centuries they've developed their special skills so well that today the Swiss worker is his country's most important natural resource 90% of the cost of a Swiss watch is human labor the Swiss believe that to work is good and to work hard is even better whether he drives one of Switzerland's trans European Express trains Pilots a Swiss aircraft or assembles delicate components for space exploration the Swiss worker does his job with a dedication seldom matched in other countries [Music] to keep her Industries running Switzerland must import almost all her raw materials much enters the country through the Inland Port of Basil Switzerland's northern border City on the river Ry Basel is over 550 mi from the Open Sea yet it's one of Europe's busiest ports here the Deep barges unload textile fibers for the clothing industry chemical raw materials and drugs for the pharmaceutical trade aluminum for watches scrap iron to be turned into high-grade steel for machinery and construction and fuel for homes industry Automobiles and aircraft other Imports enter the country on a railroad system that has more track per square mile than any other country in the world to pay for her Imports Switzerland must export about oneir of her total production the empty barges are loaded up again with textiles watches dyes chemicals machinery and electrical equipment cheeses and chocolates products of the very special skills that bring today's Swiss worker one of the world's highest living [Music] standards but industrialization brings its own special problems [Music] years ago the strength of the Swiss economy was the mountain farmer grain from his Fields beef and dairy products from his cattle helped feed the towns and cities today the mountain farmer has almost disappeared and most Swiss farming takes place on the relatively flat land between the Jura Mountains and the [Music] Alps here mechanization is possible and with it higher and better crop yields per acre yet even with modern farming methods Switzerland must still import over 70% of all food stuff she needs and as more and more Swiss leave the land for the easier life of the Cities it's mostly foreign labor that brings in today's harvests labor from Italy Greece Yugoslavia and as far away as Spain today 1/5 of the entire Swiss labor force comes from [Applause] [Music] abroad as with industry Swiss farming has its special problems too one of these is the increasing use of pesticides pesticides increase crop yields by keeping crop diseases under control and destroying bugs and insects that feed on fruits and vegetables but pesticides have their dangers too they can wash off the land into rivers and lakes killing fish and river life endangering drinking water supplies and upsetting the delicate balance of [Music] nature they can be swallowed by animals grazing uncontaminated grass and passed on to the Swiss consumer in meat and other products today stricter controls on the use of pesticides and Industrial pollutants help protect the health of the Swiss people and keep their rivers and famous lakes fresh and clean high above the farmlands lies Switzerland's only major natural resource an unlimited supply of snow water from these melting snow fields Russia is down the Steep Mountain sides to be trapped behind Giant danss here turbin and generators use its Force to produce electric power for towns cities and Industry at the southwestern tip of Switzerland is the ancient city of [Music] Geneva for centuries men of many different races and beliefs found refuge in Geneva from persecution John Calvin the reformist preacher lived and taught in Geneva his teachings and ideas crossed the Atlantic with the pilgrim fathers they helped frame the Mayflower Compact and later the American Constitution today J provides a quiet meeting place for men of many nations to talk over the problems of the world the League of Nations was founded in Geneva and its successor the United Nations has its European headquarters here as do many other International organizations but the future of any Nation depends on its children what's it like being young in Switzerland today as in many other countries education is compulsory but a child growing up here in the heart of Europe in a country of mixed races and Origins has opportunities that other children don't have in school he soon learns that different sorts of people think and act in different sorts of ways and maybe this early mixing is all to the good for Switzerland is a country almost entirely free of strife and social unrest out of school it's a healthy active life when winter comes it's time for fun on some of the world's finest ski slopes but even in Switzerland it takes time to to become an expert school day over a young Swiss has the choice of several fine universities but whether he goes to one or not every physically fit Swiss male must do his military service [Music] Switzerland has been strictly neutral for over 200 years but its citizens are highly trained soldiers ready for immediate combat per head of population Switzerland is one of the most heavily armed nations in the [Music] world after University some Swiss graduates work in Research Laboratories industrial techniques change constantly and only through research and development can Swiss industry compete successfully with the rest of the world in this Factory 12 highly complex machines manufacture turban blades for supersonic aircraft a year ago the factory employed 48 workers and to Foreman today one Swiss designed computer and a skilled operator do the same volume of work in less time and with no errors the operator sets up the overall work pattern and pre punch tapes feed coded instructions to each machine increased automation is helping to solve Switzerland's chronic labor shortage problem with many tasks now done quicker and more efficiently by machines workers can be trained for more highly specialized jobs and higher skills mean higher wages so automation benefits both Swiss industry and its [Music] workers John Calvin taught the Swiss that wealth in this world meant salvation in the next so it's no accident that Switzerland has become one of the world's great banking Nations zorich is the major banking City and many foreign Nationals and governments have their deposits here Swiss money finances projects in many parts of the world and at home Swiss banks help Finance the building of factories offices and Homes Construction needed to keep Pace with a population that has almost doubled in the last 100 years in less than a century Switzerland has changed from a basically agricultural economy to a highly industrialized Nation the mountain farmer once the economic strength of Switzerland has almost disappeared new needs new methods of cultivation have replaced [Music] him the old country lanes have given way to Modern Motor roads linking City to city and Factory to factory and today the once quiet cities are alive with the bustle of industry and commerce for a tiny mountainous country locked in the heart of Europe with no Coastline and few natural resources Switzerland has done remarkably well for itself by concentrating on its one major resource its people by developing their very special talents Switzerland today enjoys one of the highest living standards in the world it has a stable democratic government and its people of mixed Origins and races manage very well to live and work and play peacefully side by side maybe there is a lesson to be learned for today's troubled World from the little country of Switzerland our good pal Peter Thomas um uh some of you might know him from that Paul Hard Castle song 19 where he's uh talking about uh Vietnam Soldiers the average age being 19 uh then some of you might know him from Cold Case Files uh I had a girlfriend who listened to him uh to fall asleep my sister also did the same thing they found his voice to be very soothing regardless of the fact uh that he's talking about blood spatters and um uh various types of gunpowder residue etc etc um all right got one more film to watch let's see let's learn about Pond animals are you ready Pond animals [Music] enjoy [Music] we're going to look at some of the animals found in an ordinary pond it's surprising what you can see if you walk quietly up to the water's edge and just watch in the spring and summer nutes can often be seen swimming about or coming to the surface to take in air stickle backs may be hard to find because their camouflage makes these fish difficult to see when they are not moving the whirly gig beetle is an interesting animal to watch as it spins around and around however a great many Pond animals are hidden in the weeds or in the mud you need a strong net to catch them a quick movement helps keep the mouth of the net from becoming clogged with weeds when the water has drained away we can see what has been caught here is a large water boatman an insect about 1 and 1/2 cm in length it's best to transfer the animals we want to study into wide Mouth Jars half filled with pond water small delicate animals which might otherwise be eaten can be put into smaller bottles it's important not to put too many specimens in each jar or some of the Gill breathing animals will die back in the laboratory the bottles and jars can be emptied into white dishes this is a good way to observe animals which might otherwise be hard to see but it is important to keep carnivorous species completely isolated such an animal is the water boatman seen here cleaning its powerful swimming legs the small planarian worms are also carnivorous what can happen when carnivorous animals are not isolated is this a damsel fly nymph is firmly in the grip of a water scorpion Pond snails though feed on plant material these together with other animals can also be studied in an aquarium the Great Pond snail grows up to 5 cm in length and can often be seen browsing on the weeds it takes air directly into its manle cavity the inner wall of which is well supplied with blood vessels and acts as a kind of lung see how it opens its breathing aperature when it comes up to the surface this is the great Rams Horn snail a large species of Rams Horn like the Great Pond snail they may Harbor many parasitic worms some of these can be seen at the base of the near tentacle and on the side of the ha head water fleas are fascinating animals to watch and they can be found in Still Water where there are single cell plants for food this is the brown Hydra it captures small animals like water fleas with its tentacles which have many stinging cells Hydra is most easily found if floating Pond wheed is collected and allowed to settle in dishes when undisturbed it will extend to its maximum size the Lesser water boatman feeds on the bottom of the pond by sucking up pieces of debris but to renew its supply of air it has to swim to the surface here the carnivorous greatwater Boatman is devouring a pond skater the damsel fly nymph breathes by means of the three gills protruding from the tip of the abdomen it feeds on small animals by shooting out a hooked structure called a mask from under its chin watch how it catches a water flea the action is very quick watch again back at the pond the adult damsel flies are hatching out and drying their wings in the sunshine but in the water there are enormous numbers of microscopic organisms that we have not yet seen to catch them we use a special muslin net with a jar attached to the base as the net is moved gently through the water and drained these organisms are concentrated in the jar below the contents can and then be easily collected it's also a good idea to collect a little of the plant they breath from the bottom of the pond because many animals live there to see what we have caught let's go back to the laboratory first let's examine a drop of water from the top of the jar we need a pipet to extract the sample a microscope slide and a cover glass then we can look through the microscope using the low power objective lens first these are single cell organisms called flagellates some are animall likee some plant-like what will they look like under high power they swim by lashing a long hairlike structure called a flagellum the color of these flagellates is caused by chlorophyll which is present in all green plants this flatulate is composed of a plate of 16 unicellular units each bearing a pair of flagella a sample from the debris reveals different species such as this NE toe worm decomposing debris also attracts many unicellular animals called protozoa one of the largest of these is spym which may reach a length of 2 mm another is stentor it feeds by drawing a current of water into its gulet you can see the hairlike cyia on stentor which produce the current inside are several flagellates which it has recently caught these are gradually digested in food vacuoles another animal which may be found in the debris is amoeba this particular species is very small but you can see how it moves by producing false feet or pseudopodia closely related to Amoeba is this animal called dlua the pseudopodia protrude from a thin shell which becomes covered with sand grains and other particles here is a close view of part of the shell small bristle worms are also commonly found among the debris they are related to the earthworms and feed on decaying plant matter because they are so transparent it is relatively easy to observe the contractions of the intestine and to see the way in which blood is circulated through the body here are many small protozoa moving up and down several filaments of a plant a green alga the Bell animal or vorticella is always found attached to the stems or leaves of water plants here is one in the Pro process of division like stentor velic creates a feeding current with its cilia drawing particles toward itself the last Pond Animal we will look at is this brightly colored M related to the spiders although we have only been able to see a few of the animals found in ponds there are many opportunities for further study next time you go to a pond take take a net with you and see what you can find out for [Music] yourself uh anyways obviously I'm distracted today um but I got lulled into this this uh false sense of security with talking about the pond animals and then I went and was uh working on something and then I was like oh wait a minute I need to go back and do the show I'm sorry um maybe I need more caffeine maybe that's the deal maybe I don't have enough coffee so uh it's so gray and rainy um that uh you know maybe I need a little bit scooch more coffee and you can provide us coffee by donating via the super thanks option in the chat on YouTube uh thank you Jeremy for doing that uh you can also go to ko-fi.com avgeeks uh you can also go to patreon.com avgeeks those are other ways to donate to the cause um also if you are in the triangle area and uh 7:00 you don't have anything going on you want to see me show films live um Alamo Draft House is hosting me for uh 1970s creep machines uh creep machine uh where we watch films about creeps from the 1970s um come on come on down um I think it's I can't remember how much the tickets are but there are some seats that opened up and would love to see you in person maybe I will give you a sticker uh so that is tonight 7 o'clock Tuesday 7 o'clock blah blah blah and we'll be there with a a projector and it's in a theater you have to buy tickets this is different than uh when we've done it in the lobby so hopefully we'll see you everybody have a great rest of your day maybe it won't be so gross tomorrow I don't know but um Everybody take care and we will see you soon bye