THE ABC OF HAND TOOLS

[Music] well if it isn't our old friend primitive teeth you can always depend on him to misuse rules what are you up to now Pete oh oh just as we thought a cold chisel is a sturdy tool but don't try to cut hardened steel with it here's a tip if steel resists filing it is much too hard for your cold chisel but use properly a cold chisel has no equal for many jobs for instance cutting off this rivet head or for splitting rusty nuts which can't otherwise be removed it's handy too for making a rough cut on sheet metal of course there are many other kinds of chisels used for working metal for example the Cape chisel a round nosed and the diamond pointed all three are shaped for certain jobs to get the best results from any chisel be sure the chisel is big enough for the job and always use a hammer big enough for the chisel above all be careful of flying chips and never use a dull edge chisel for cutting keep the tool sharp by dressing the cutting edge on an emery wheel and try to maintain the original bevel but don't let the tool get hot to prevent drawing the temper dip the cutting end in cold water at frequent intervals the cutting edge as shown in this magnified view should be ground to a slight radius when the head of the chisel starts to look like this it's time to dress it up on an emery wheel to do a neat job grind off the metal until the sides are evenly tapered leaving the top comparatively flat searching for a tool when you need it takes all the joy out of any job a handy rack saves your time and temper for dozens of repair jobs around the home of wood chisel is indispensable for certain jobs hey wait a minute using a chisel to open a can who let primitive peed in Oh our mistake it's mrs. primitive people she would be the one to stir paint with a chisel or to remove tacks or even as a substitute for a screwdriver [Music] here's how to use a wood chisel correctly to make a horizontal cut always try to work with the grain of the wood ordinarily to make a roughing cut the bevel is held down and the chisel is forced into a deep cut with a mallet or hammer for most work a thin paring cut is easier to get when the bevel side is up for fine work the chisel should be held at a low angle to the wood slightly turned to one side and then pushed with firm even strokes from the worker your chisels deserve the best of care keep them sharp polished and ready for use would planes were developed from chisels every workshop needs at least two types the block plane for small light work or for planing end grain and the jack plane for work on larger surfaces for smooth operation the plane must be carefully adjusted if the cutting edge is uneven sight along the bottom of the plane then move the lateral adjusting lever either right or left to even up the cutting edge it looked like this when seen from the front end to adjust the plane for a thin shaving turn the adjusting nut until the cutting edge projects about the thickness of a hair before you start to play and be sure the wood is clean and that all nail heads are set well below the surface always plane with the grain press down on the knob at the beginning of the stroke then on the handle at the end of the stroke when storing for future use a narrow cleat on the shelf will prevent damage to the blade every tool kit should have at least three punches a starting punch a pin punch and a center punch the starting punch comes in handy for loosening rivets pins or bolts then use the pin punch to finish the job the center punch is a mighty handy tool for punching the location of a hole in metal before drilling if we don't make a punch mark the drill will wander about but if we first punch a small hole in the metal the drill takes hold immediately every workshop needs a good brace and a set of bits for boring holes in wood hey Pete wait a minute you're forcing it well you almost made a hole in one and what a hole now let's do it over and try to make a clean straight hole first we use a tri square to line up the bit with the plank then hold the brace firmly and use only enough pressure to allow the screw point to draw the bit into the wood now stop boring when the screw point starts to come true then turn the plank over and finish the hole from that side now there's a whole difficulty proud of it's very important to protect the screw point the sharp Spurs and the lip from damage during use or when stored away for further use one of the most useful tools is the ordinary file precision cut and made of very hard steel each part has a name this is the face this is the tang the length of a file is the distance from the heel to the tip a file with a single row of parallel teeth is called a single cut file files with crisscross rows of teeth are called double cut files files come in many different shapes - such as flat half round triangular and rat tail before attempting to use any file be sure to set it in a tight fitting handle first insert the Tang then give the handle several hard wraps remember file teeth are made to cut only on the forward stroke lifting the file from the work on the back stroke will prevent undue wear on the file for draw filing to produce an even flat surface the file is held in this position and drawn back and forth lengthwise with the work a slight wrap on the handle will usually remove metal particles but if your file becomes loaded with metal it should be cleaned with a file card like this or a stiff wire brush guess what's wrong in this picture well in the first place heat is using a rip saw instead of a crosscut saw the rip saw is used for cutting with the grain it has coarse teeth usually five or six to the inch on the other hand the crosscut saw has smaller teeth usually eight or ten to the inch now beat do you think you've learned which sword he used to do the job right [Music] that's better you see how nice and clean that cutoff is when using the crosscut saw hold the saw at a 45-degree angle to the board and always start the cut with a back stroke holding the index finger along the handle helps to saw straight along the line for sawing with the grain use the ripsaw hold it at an angle of 60 degrees to the wood use long steady strokes and don't force the saw into the wood after every use rub a little oil on the blade to guard against rust but don't ever do this to yourself most of us are familiar with these other special-purpose saws the back saw the compass saw coping saw and this adjustable frame hacksaw which is used principally for sawing metal always place the blade on the pins with a teeth pointing forward in starting a cut make use of as many teeth as possible for example to cut this angle iron this starting position would be right this position of the blade would be wrong not enough teeth on the work the cutting action is similar to a file so remember to relieve the pressure on the back stroke to avoid dulling the teeth certain jobs require a certain number of teeth per inch thirty-two teeth per inch would be too fine for this job eighteen teeth per inch will get the job done with less work but for Contador any thin metal section 18 teeth per inch is too coarse the teeth would straddle the work stripping the teeth and ruining the blade in this case thirty-two teeth would be correct since it allows two or more teeth on the work at all times when not in use the hacksaw should be hung up to protect the blade teeth commonsense Care applies to all our tools a place for everything everything in its place that's a mighty good slogan down through the ages since the first Stone Age Hammer the proper use of tools has been the measure of man's progress today all the miracles of modern production have their origin and their inspiration in the proper use of tools so let's have a new pride in our use and care of hens let's really their tremendous importance to the onward march of progress [Music]