Unchained Goddess, The, Pt 2

[Music] you know if Professor carola stays around long enough I might even turn into a weatherman myself well he hasn't explained everything quite there are a lot of things battlefronts for instance battlefronts in weather oh a group of Scandinavian meteorologists made an amazing Discovery toward the end of World War I found a far bigger War right over their heads a war between giant air armies from the north and from the south called air masses by their Scandinavian discoverers in the line of their Collision a front battlef front if you [Music] like worldwide research on the air mass Theory first presented in 1919 in a paper written by yakob bukes of Norway spokesman for the group has revolutionized weather forecasting and what happens to weather when these armies March has been pretty well doped out too let's look at our original map again now that line being added is the weatherman's way of marking a cold front it's located like all fronts mainly through abrupt changes in temperature and it means that the cold air Army is pushing under the warm one here's a cold front and its special brand of weather wind salls thunderstorms followed by rapidly clearing Skies [Music] oh the new Line's a warm [Music] front generally brings long slow rains light winds and skies that may stay overcast for days of course this is a very simplified version of a real weather map yeah about like a newspaper weather map which by the way with a little practice you can use to make your own predictions hey maybe we could get jobs at that clinic they were talking about be a breeze no what we know don't kid yourselves fellas compared to the chief forecaster at suland you know from nothing doc doc give him a rundown on what he has to know and do well briefly what the forecaster does after he gets his far more complicated map showing how the weather was a few hours ago is to compare it with a dozen others maps for the last few days charts of surface and upper air Winds of pressures at seven different levels from sea level into the stratosphere he then evaluates the force of the Westerly and the trades the position and strength of highs and lows past movements and present characteristics of fronts and the air masses behind them and interprets all these things in terms of atmospheric Dynamics the general circulation Cloud physics turbulence and friction solar and terrestrial radiation and then adds a couple of pinches of intuition and inspiration and comes up with a bulletin on how the weather is going to be the day after tomorrow well you guys still want that job well well of course they don't yeah but how often are these forecast guys right you do half as well at the track and you be a millionaire well you don't say nowadays the weatherman's right in six out of every seven forecasts how wonderful it's such a lovely warm feeling Mr scientist to be understood even when I'm temperamental temperamental you can say that again hey we've got some new film of one of your worst temper fits what we call a tornado when one of these strange aerial monsters goes on the prowl nothing above ground is safe in the center of that ugly whirling funnel is an incredible weapon the equal of which it would take a science fiction writer to dream up a vacuum so powerful it turns buildings into actual bonds which explode outside the funnel believe it or not winds up to 600 mph no wonder it can rip apart entire towns each year tornadoes which have appeared in every state take scores of lives and damage millions of dollars worth of [Music] property tornado experts have pretty well decided they're formed in exactly the way thunderstorms are but with a cool dry layer of air Loft which makes for greater instability and a strong wind high up to trigger the violent spinning action that becomes a tornado on land a water spouted sea and out of the how of these whirling dervishes are coming the answers to the multi-million dollar questions where and when whether men are at least making a start at tornado prediction and maybe the answers aren't too far away these meteorologists don't just guess they know quite a lot about the behavior of tornadoes and their paths fascinating oh and wait till you hear what they've done about your allout two we Tantrums the most dreaded of the world storms the hurricane Jim the world map now here are the main hurricane Paths of the world notice how they all begin within 15° of the [Music] Equator hey I never realized that before how come nobody really knows in fact nobody really knows how hurricanes are born or why they become so intense in general they start in regions where widespread easterly Trade Winds develop waves and occasionally one of these waves turns into a spinning Vortex and the inflow into the center produces Heavy Rain which releases energy causes the air to spin faster and faster as it nears Center just as an ice skater spins faster when she draws her arms in toward her Center a young hurricane born well let's say off Barbados in the West Indies and in late summer or fall Peak hurricane season first drifts Northwest at about 10 m an hour even though its own winds are circling around its Center at 50 or 60 M an hour and it's about this time on the second or third day that as rugged a group of weathermen as you'll find anywhere comes into the picture the hurricane hunters from Kinley Air Force based Bermuda [Music] these Hunters locate their aerial Quarry by radar its spiraling clouds show up over a 100 miles [Music] away then they fly around it to see how big it is and where it's headed [Music] but just looking at this incredible wind machine isn't all the hunters do believe it or not to find out how strong it is here they go right into the middle of [Music] [Applause] [Music] it now if the plane sticks together they're coming to the most fantastic thing of all the Hurricane's eye in the center of every hurricane is this mysterious eye ranging from 5 to 40 mil in diameter where the air is calm and the sky as often as not a cloudless blue no trouble for airplanes here seabirds sometimes fly in the eye for hours to avoid the encircling winds now while the hurricane Hunters are making the first of many reports on our particular storm let's go to receiving headquarters The Joint warning center at Miami here Air Force Navy weather bureau hurricane Specialists plot the path of this oncoming giant Navy weather planes have been called in on the chase Coastal Radars from the tip of Florida to New Jersey are all keeping watch and by now Maggie is Front Page News Maggie uh don't look at us that's the weather bureau's idea giving hurricanes girls names how clever perhaps your name one after me someday Mr scientist uh let's just stick with Maggie huh only 6 days old but practically full-fledged now winds up to 100 mph over an area 200 m in diameter and getting dangerously close to land what's going to happen will she swing Northeast caught by the prevailing westerlies as most hurricanes do or will she hit land as an average of about two a year do and if so where and when tough questions because if a hurricane warning goes on the air whole communities are thrown into complete but controlled turmoil barricades go up schools close then if the hurricane veers [Music] off we are interrupting this program for a special bull the weather bureau has announced the hurricane due to hit today has changed Direction hurricane warnings for this area have been cancelled however small craft warnings everybody's mad at the weatherman but if a warning is not broadcast and the hurricane does hit hundreds of lives and millions and millions of dollars can be lost tough questions indeed and times's running out every last minute factor is weighed the decision is reached Hurricane Warning weather advisor number 14 voice hurricane warnings 5 p.m. Eastern Standard Time hoist Northeast storm warnings and maintain a hurricane watch hurricane magy is now approaching San Salvador in the northern Bahamas all precautions for the protection of life and property should be begun at once in the area of hurricane display [Music] and Maggie's well worth a warning here's where she hit [Music] land tide 16 ft higher than [Music] normal 135 M an hour wind [Music] more energy being released every second than from a dozen atom bombs which gives Maggie a terrific punch Power Systems are knocked [Music] out along half the Atlantic poast ships fight for their lives streets flooded with tons of [Applause] [Music] rain entire cities Paralyzed by now Maggie's being tracked by a second group of experts in the Washington DC Hurricane Warning Center at the weather bureau's airport office with the same big problems as the boys in Miami and don't think think John Q public isn't worried too the New York weather bureau's automatic answering service took over 400,000 telephone calls the day Hurricane Diane roared by in 1955 Hurricane Diane is moving northeastward and will pass over the metropolitan area on Friday rain could be Heavy and cause flooding in some places Hurricane Diane is moving northeastward and will pass over the metropolitan area on Friday finally like old soldiers who just fade away Maggie just blow away out to sea leaving behind $235 Million worth of damage over a 500 M wide path but only scattered casualties thanks to the weatherman's warning this is beyond anything I ever dreamed dog even in my violent mood you still understand me anybody know the address of the old God's home actually Meteora we've hardly begun to understand you but man working with cause and effect adding new methods of [Music] observation and new knowledge as he discovers it is coming closer and closer even now in the field of prediction amazing Advan are being made in the numerical weather prediction unit at suland the giant electronic weatherman daily absorbs weather data from halfway around the Earth in the form of specially prepared Punch Cards and in 2 hours using complicated hydrodynamic equations that would take a human forecast or a lifetime to solve comes up with prognostic charts which believe it or not it draws itself this line being sketched in around the dark areas supplied by the machine is an isobar these isobar show the predicted pressure distribution for the continent now stamped in of the resultant highs and loads and here's the machine's chart of the predicted vertical motion of the there for the next 36 hours of course this robot weatherman wouldn't be doing any of this if a couple of human mathematical Wizards hadn't primed at first right the late John vanon noyman working with j shney at The Institute for advanced study at Princeton formulated the equations this amazing machine uses and someday a great grandson of the numerical weather predictor as the gadget's called will get coded data from Ultra high-speed radio s zooming into the upper air everywhere like this one developed by the Army signal core and from a global chain of automatic weather stations being put into operation by the weather bureau and then with a few blinks of its electronic eyes we'll forecast the weather for the entire world that's a rather distant goal but even now the electronic chart are at least as accurate as those made by human forecasters say speaking of human prediction what about the extended forecast section at suland the charts these long range seers draw under the direction of the weather viewers Jerome neias show something hard to believe the average temperatures and rain and snow you can expect anywhere in the northern hemisphere for the next five and the next 30 days the basis of long range prediction is something rather amazing discovered about the upper atmosphere between 10,000 and 40,000 ft modifying the general west to east flow of air are enormous waves here you see a two-dimensional picture of how they surge Eastward across North America pulling down cold air from the north into their troughs and pushing up warm air from the south ahead of them these long waves it's now believed cause air mass encounters and by watching the upper air ocean by calculating the size of the Waves their speed weather men can tell weeks ahead how severe the air mass storms are going to be along with the waves and formed out of their Central cores flows the strangest River man ever encountered the jet stream bigger than all the rivers on Earth put together this super Amazon of the heavens snakes around large sections of the globe 6 miles up in the air yeah and sometimes it's its course is over 20,000 Mi and it's top speed well nobody really knows but it's been clocked several times at close to 300 mph actually the jet stream rarely exceeds 150 mph but its speed varies considerably as does its course which may move hundreds of miles north or south in a day the first to discover this aerial torrent were the lumbering b-29s of World War 2 which sometimes found themselves mysteriously slowed down to a crawl on high altitude raids over Japan but now for hitchhiking Flyers the Jets money in the bank greater speeds bigger payloads non-stop flights between such places as Tokyo and Honolulu now Meteora maybe doc research doesn't quite understand you yet but he's getting there fast I'm glad I adore this all you've done about me but there's one question can you do anything to control my moods my fits of temper Mr scientist ooh sometimes I scare myself well I'm afraid Meteora when it comes to weather control man is still in the Dark Ages a few smallscale attempts have been made smudge pots to save Orchards from frost fans to blow it away fires to clear [Music] fog and cloud seeding to make rain well that's not bad for a start but it's only a start the next few years we'll see more progress in weather control and in weather prediction and in the use of weather that has been made since man first raised his eyes to the sky right now the weather bureau is conducting an extensive investigation of hurricane behavior and what a Buck Rogers device they've developed for this a plane drops a parachute which in turn releases a balloon a radio balloon that acts as a hurricane Blood Hound floats Spang in the eye and every few seconds sends out the Hurricane's position by radio this is of course still in the Buck Rogers stage but with the weather bureau in the Air Force on the job it won't be for long in addition to following hurricanes the investigators hope to learn how to steer them oh how could you steer a hurricane there's several ideas such as oil fires on the ocean oil slicks cloud seeding the possibilities are endless the unanswered questions fascinating no wonder more and more young students are turning to [Music] meteorology and from these future weather Wizards will come the answers to such questions as do sunspots affect weather changing it in 23e Cycles as some scientists maintain or in 88e Cycles or even longer what what would happen if we could change the course of the Gulf Stream or the other great ocean currents or warm up Hudson Bay with atomic furnaces extremely dangerous questions because with our present knowledge we have no idea what would happen even now man may be unwittingly changing the world's climate through the waste products of his civilization due to our release through factories and Automobiles every year of more than 6 billion tons of carbon dioxide which helps air absorb heat from the Sun our atmosphere seems to be getting warmer this is bad well it's been calculated a few degrees rise in the Earth's temperature would melt the polar ice caps [Music] [Applause] [Music] and if this happens an inland sea would fill a good portion of the Mississippi Valley tourists in glass bottom boats would be viewing the drowned towers of Miami through 150 ft of tropical water for in weather we're not only dealing with forces of a far greater variety than even the atomic physicist encounters but with life itself without air and water which are weather Medora man would never have appeared on this small planet Earth there would be no Sky no ocean no Fields no forests nothing but Barren Rock revolving in an airless void the questions are there because they are there man will answer them for of all his creatures God has given only man the Curiosity to ask why the spirit to find out why and the reasoning power to understand why it's an old problem very old indeed in the Book of Job we find these words at the reign of father or who hath begotten the drops of dew old questions yes but asked because God knew that one day man would eventually resolve them not for Conquest but so that he could live hand in hand with nature I I wish I'd known centuries ago how you felt about me hand in hand yes that would be nice Mr zus would you a woman could never ask this but certainly a goddess can would you marry me uh Meteora the fact is I am [Music] married hey Doc yes you said it couldn't storm tonight didn't you yes I [Music] did just what do you call [Music] [Applause] [Music] that doc I think your isobars have [Music] slipped thank you Mr sanus it was amusing [Music] [Applause] [Applause] the Bell Telephone system takes Pride in bringing you this program and its series of shows on science we acknowledge our gratitude to the distinguished Board of advisers covering the broad range of modern Science Biology and genetics medicine bacteriology and botony chemistry geophysics physics anthropology mathematics engineering for the program you have just seen our thanks to the special advisers who have suggested and checked the scientific material the Bell Telephone system is indebted to all these men and to many institutions for the generous support they've given this Venture in public education through entertainment [Music]