AMERICAN TEMPO

[Music] amer's greatest industrial nation today more than ever before in history turns to its Industries to lead the way make it better make it cheaper make it faster that is the American Temple the demand of the American people ever since the Wagon Train started across our Western prairies 100 years ago ever since the horse and buggy days this American demand for speed for quality for lowcost production has been answered without faith by the men and women who are an industry industry is Manpower industry is money industry is men and machines industry is time and energy industry is light light keeps the wheels of Industry turning during the day light makes it possible to change the often wasted hours of Darkness into hours of useful production light helps make it better helps make it cheaper helps make it faster it is light that steps up the American Temple light lots of light reduces errors avoids waste saves time and materials light lots of light reduces eye strain reduces headaches saves energy builds up health and cheerfulness and on the rad better Street lighting and sealed beam automobile headlights might have prevented this accident everywhere in every business in every Walk of Life better light speeds up work saves time saves energy in many machine shops better lighting has increased production as much as 5% in other factories better lighting has increased output by more than 8% in shipyards s flood lighting helps the night crew turn out as much work as the day crew better lighting helps put entire plants on a 24hour schedule if better lighting increased production by only 3% that would mean 300 million more man hours per year in War Industries alone that's the man hours needed to build 43,000 more tanks or 12,000 more training planes or 2400 more bombers or 100 more Destroyers or 11 more [Music] battleships why can we work better and faster with good lighting well let's go into the movie studio where this picture was made and see what lights can do see that vase of flowers on the table the light's kind of bad isn't it and you can't see the flowers very well but hit those flowers with a couple of good lights and see what happens looks bigger doesn't it and it stands out from the background when we increase the amount of light on an object we see it more quickly and we see it more accurately so we save time we save energy and we save I strain dedicated to the science of better lighting hundreds of men and women at n Park Cleveland Ohio are helping America do it better do it cheaper do it faster by constantly improving the design and use of electric lamps in these vast research and experimental Laboratories of the General Electric Company the American Tempo is itself applied to the manufacturer of Mazda lamps within these buildings the men and women of Nila Park are themselves seeking ways to make Mazda lamps better to make them cheaper and to make them faster modern high-speed Machinery designed at n Park turns out better lamps of uniform quality and turns them out at lower cost before these machines were developed lamp were made almost entirely by hand a slow expensive laborious process let's look at the record in the year 197 the average 60 wat 120 volt Mazda lamp rated 450 light units and sold for around .75 by 1920 the light units had increased to about 575 and the price had gone down to 45 by 1940 the light units had increased to over 800 but the price had gone way down to 13 and that's the American Tempo at work better faster and cheaper 10 different parts make up an incandescent lamp there's the glass flare two leadin wires a glass exhaust tube three miminum support wires a Tungsten filament a frosted glass bulb and a metal base those 10 parts are fed into the machine separately at various points they go round and round like the music in yuba's Tuba and they come out here finished lamps don't ask me how but I'll try to show you later on meanwhile there's more to making a Mazda lamp that meets the eye mines all over the world Supply nickel copper tin tungsten manganese and other metals wire making factories work the metals into wires and filaments in literally thousands of shapes and sizes special factories turn out millions of metal bases every day chemical plants reclaim the necessary Gases such as nitrogen and argon from liquid air Argon gas is one of several rare elements found in the air we breathe these huge control panels guard the purity of the gases used in Mazda lamps for the scientists of Nila Park found that tungsten filaments burn brighter and longer in a mixture of pure argon and nitrogen glass feres operate day and night to produce the several different articles of glass required in every lamp here is an amazing machine that turns out many thousands of glass bulbs every hour it operates steadily day and night without stopping making them faster and making them cheaper to the tune of more than a million glass bulbs every day all exactly alike not so long ago bulbs were made by hand or to put it more accurately by huffing and puffing we hope he makes it eventually but look at him now bulbs by the hundreds made and frosted on the inside in a matter of seconds the frosting reduces glare and diffuses the light the bulbs are then given a number of rigid inspections those with the slightest flaws are discarded following Uncle Sam's conservation policy the glass from the broken bulbs is reclaimed and used again and to make sure that you buy only perfect lamps more than 400 different tests are given to individual parts and finished lamps here the girls are testing the bubs for imperfections the flare is another important glass part as its wide mouth is forms an airtight area for the nitrogen and argon inside the bone time was when the flares were also made by hand but that was too slow for the American Tempo nowadays hundreds of flares are made in a few hours from long tubes of Glass by a special machine that heats the glass forms the flares and cuts them off one at a time but quickly in exactly the right shape and length amazing isn't it but it isn't half as amazing as the story of the filament the tiny coil of tungsten wire that is the heart of every Mazda lamp literally thousands of filaments are made from one short bar of tungston how well let's go down to the wireworks and find out when the tungsten or or comes from the mine it is made into powder and the powder is pressed into Bars by repeated hammering in special machines the tungston bars gradually become long thin rods [Music] watch the rods are pulled through Diamond dyes until they become wire fine enough and pliable enough for even the smallest filaments as much as 5 miles of filament wire are often drawn from one 18in tungsten bar that's stretching it pretty fine finer in fact than a human hair pull a hair out of your head and look at it kind of thin isn't it well this piece of filament wire is only 1/3 the diameter of a human hair so thin that you can't measure it you've got to find its diameter by weighing it which is what this young lady is doing it weighs some fantastic fraction of a milligram which shows up on this dial if the weight is correct the diameter must also be correct but the wire is not yet ready for use making it better is still part of the American Temple before any run of filament wire is approved for production sample filaments are made and given life tests in Sample lamps the burned out filaments are carefully checked not until the sample filaments have passed these tests is the wire allowed to go into finished lamps last year more than 25 million filaments were rejected but don't think they were wasted most of them were melted up and came back again for another try not so many years ago most lamps use long straight filament wire funed around supports by hand some lamps are still made that way but one of General Electric's brilliant scientists discovered that a coiled filament wire operating in a gas-filled bulb would give more light and fit in a smaller area like this veteran of 25 years ago and another engineer designed a machine to coil the straight wire but that isn't all another young genius discovered that coiling the wire a second time gave even more light in a smaller space with the same amount of current and still another GE engineer designed a machine to do the trick nowadays most of the large production Mazda lamps use the coiled coil filament for better light at lower cost here's the coiling action in slow motion showing clearly the second coiling of an already coiled wire this astonishing machine turns out finished coil coil filaments ready for use but now the problem is how to get that filament inside the glass bulb and make it light magic almost but here again the most amazing machines of all do everything the human fingers can do and do it better and cheaper and faster making them all exactly alike individual parts are fed into this ingenious product of the Machine age one by one the assembly is built up progressively as it moves around the machine the assembly at this point looks like this the narrow end of the glass flare must be seal shut to hold the parts in place so the end of the flare is heated hot enough to mold but not hot enough to melt then a couple of clamping Jaws come in at just the right moment and do their stuff neat and fast you'll agree but here is our friend ancient history again the flare used to be sealed by hand monotonous isn't it oh well let's get up to date there that's better Machinery fascinates me somehow but there's a catch in this whole thing right now that has to be corrected having sealed the flare shut we have also shut off the exhaust tube and eliminated any way of getting the nitrogen and Argon gas into the bulb later on so we have to blow a hole in the flare to open up the exhaust tube here it is in slow motion watch yep Dar she blows and here's a very interesting thing if anything goes wrong on this machine the light lights Bells clang Sirens scream whistles Roar what hold everything fellas sorry folks my mistake go back to the Firehouse boys only the light lights and the supervisor looks for and corrects the trouble so that little or no production time will be lost now we come to some real magic suspending the filament on the lead in wires first the lower end of the exhaust tube is heated and a button formed support wires are inserted in the button which holds them firmly in place when it cools the filament is laid across the hooked ends of the leadin wires and the ends of the leadin wires are clamped around the filament firmly securing it in place the support wires are also clamped in place years ago when lamp making was just plain hard work the filament was submitted to the leadin wires by hand but that was before lamps were cheap enough so you people could buy them by the millions nowadays an almost human mechanism picks up the filament automatically suspends it on the lead in wires and firmly clamps it in place and it happens so fast you can hardly follow it with your eyes at this point the filament assembly looks like this and is ready to be sealed inside the glass bulb to save time the assemblies are transferred mechanically to the operator of the ceiling machine the filament assemblies are placed in the ceiling Machine by hand and a glass bulb fits down over each one The Familiar GE Mazda identification is stamped on the inside of the glass bulb so that it cannot be tampered with in this machine the filament ass assmbly is sealed tight inside the bulb and nitrogen and Argon gas injected through the exhaust tube here's how the glass is heated and the wide mouth of the flare and the neck of the bulb are sealed together by molding them into one solid piece of glass in the olden days this was done by hand but here again the mind of man designed a machine for Speed and better quality and here it is seal tight in a matter of seconds and ready to have the air exhausted and the gas is shot in this is done on a lower row of the same machine to save time because if the glass cooled it might suck in moisture and here's one for Ripley the equivalent of just one drop of moisture would ruin 100,000 lamps here the air is drawn out of the lamp and the gas is injected if we could just climb inside this airtight machine here's what we'd see first air is withdrawn through the exhaust tube then at the next opening a mixture of nitrogen and Argon gas is injected this cycle is repeated a number of times to ensure that every lamp is free of air and contains just the right amount of gases then the exhaust tube is sealed off making the interior of the lamp completely airtight not so many years ago lamps contained a sharp dangerous tip at the top of the bub remember that's where the exhaust tube used to be sealed off but with the development of modern machinery it became possible to seal off the exha ex tube in a part of the bulb that goes inside the base clever eh the bases are fitted to the bulbs by hand too fast for you let's see if we can get the young lady to slow down a bit there see how it's done those are the leadin wires she's positioning but we are still not finished with machines the bulb must be securely cemented to the base and this is the machine that does it heat again does the trick and when the base cools off that bulb is stuck in there for Keeps after the leadin wires ass sorted to the base the lamps are test lighted right on the machine only 13 minutes have elapsed from start to finish yet in those 13 minutes this one machine unit has produced more than 100 lamps one as nearly like another as human Ingenuity and Modern Machinery can make them the operator tests every lamp as it leaves the machine if one doesn't light the operator tests it against a pinpoint of light and Shadow reveal whether all interior parts are intact and properly placed hundreds of tests are made to be sure that you buy only perfect lamps and to double check the GE tests additional tests are made under the direction of an independent testing laboratory let's look at some of these independent tests another light test a seasoning test at a voltage 20% greater than the lamp's rated voltage a bump test equivalent to dropping the lamp on the floor if it lights after that it must be okay but that isn't all is it the correct length will it fit into standard sockets are bulb and base securely cemented together now here's an interesting sign but movie producers are privileged people so let's go in this is General Electric's own testing laboratory at Nila Park here's a vast room where sample lamps of every type are on life test they are burned until they burn out and periodic checks are made of their characteristics uhoh balloons no photometers where the lamps are tested after burning a certain number of hours on the life racks the young lady makes a complete case history for what might be called the life of a Mazda lamp the lamp is then returned to the test racks for additional burning and comes back here for more readings later on on and you've all ridden on trains trolley cars and maybe on the subway too without thinking about the licking train lights have to take so here is a machine which simulates the vibration of a train including a gentle little Gadget which reproduces the action of a car with a flat wheel and this big berther drops the lamp's various distances as it revolves this is to see if the lamps can take it some sturdy Souls even survive the big drop at the Finish yes modern high-speed Machinery turns out better lamps of uniform quality and turns them out at lower cost thanks to the men and women of General Electric who have designed more than 9,000 different types of lamps required for hundreds of necessary lighting purposes lamps that kill germs for Better Health in home office and Factory sealed beam headlights for automobiles and airplanes grain of wheat lamps which help doctors perform modern Miracles small 1,000 WT Mercury lamps for powerful search lights giving many times more light than the lamps forly used blacklight lamps that cause certain materials to glow in the dark for better visibility for instance the instrument panel of a bomber lamps for literally a thousand at one purposes lamps for photography Health lamps giving ultraviolet or infrared Rays flashlights for every conceivable use lights for every form of transportation lamps for the use of the the bowels of the earth and Under the Sea flood lights that turn night into day for construction for industry for transportation and now the newest development in the science of lighting fluorescent lamps for homes for offices and for factories the closest approach to natural daylight ever created scientifically with the added advantage that fluorescent light is cool light light that gives off relatively little heat the kind of light for which man has searched for many centuries the secret was discovered in rocks containing certain chemicals that absorbed ultraviolet rays from the Sun during the day and glowed after dark Wes were found to manufacture these and other chemicals in powder form the powders used in fluorescent lamps for example glow brightly when exposed to certain ultraviolet rays but do not have any Afterglow the inner walls of the long glass tubes are coated with these powders a small drop of mercury is placed in and special treated coils are placed at both ends of the tube when current goes through the coils the Mercury vaporizes and establishes an arc between the coils thus creating ultraviolet rays which cause the chemical coating to Glow while the principle is simple it has been more than 300 years since fluorescent rocks were first discovered in Italy from this Discovery Science today has developed the most ideal type of lighting ever known lighting that has as one usage speeded up the tempo of production in many of America's giant Industries lighting that gives three times the candle power from a given amount of current lighting that practically eliminates annoying Shadows lighting that helps save eyesight because there is less glare and less ey strain lighting which by changing the chemical composition of powders can be made to Glow in a variety of colors so better lighting carries on our American Temple always faster always striving for new and better ways production more production faster production that is the demand of the American people and that demand will be met in meeting that demand better lighting will play a vital part proper lighting powerful lighting lighting that speeds up the tempo of production lights that save time lights that save energy lights that save man hours lights that Safeguard the eyes of Youth lights that preserve the usefulness of older eyes lights that extend the hours of productive work lights that keep the wheels of Industry turning faster faster faster lights that will help guide industrial America to Victory lights that will help guide the world toward freedom and liberty and peaceful happiness for this too is the American Temple [Music] the