UNCONVENTIONAL WARFARE

for [Music] [Music] [Music] I [Applause] [Music] [Music] a [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] here on a jungle floor in what a appears to be the very Frontier of civilization lears the face of war in our time not the only face to be sure but one that is becoming increasingly familiar the face of unconventional War casting from a remote Corner Shadows that reach across the world the world has long been familiar with two military challenges posed by the forces of world communism the challenge of nuclear war and the challenge of large-scale convention War the United States and the Free World have met these challenges by maintaining the ability to fight both kinds of War an ability so powerful it has deterred the Communists from starting either one today we see with increasing frequency evidence of another technique the Communists use whenever they consider the occasion appropriate the technique of unconventional warfare the third [Music] challenge good news comrade The Province to the north is now ours good that is very good these are the men who unleashed the dogs of war [Music] today Victory is near comrades we have seen their like in our time before revolutionaries Marxist style they spread their communism by waging the shadowy hitandrun war of the Guerilla on the regular forces of the established government of their country and as they move through the countryside from Village to Village they bring against the people themselves other powerful weapons weapons of persuasion come out let us talk together we have much to say to one another come closer let us get acquainted these are the people who must be convinced that Rebellion is good that the war which ravages their land is in their interest We Are Men of Peace but we have been forced to take up arms against those who oppress you our people our cause is your cause food for the children and those whose stomachs are empty land to work in an honest day labor no talk of Marxism or communism not yet that will come later much later remember Fidel Castro half the world debated whether he was Communist while he Consolidated his gains and won his Revolution no the message now is one aimed at the gut and the Heart of the people food Land hope the promise of a better life and with this message he begins to reach them they're with him now and their support is indispensable to him take the word of experts from the Communist World red China's maong Cuba's chavara no Revolution can succeed without The Firm support of the people yes he has them and now he can begin to press his demands and we are men we have been fighting your fight with much success but now we need strength will you share your table with [Music] us we need your heart yeah but we need your eyes and your ears too the lacky soldiers of the imperialist army are everywhere around you must tell us where they are and who among you are their spies he has their hearts their eyes and their ears but there is yet another demand there is fighting yet to be done there are young men among you you will come with us we will teach you to fight to fight for your people for a better life for your people give us your strong arm victory victory victory [Applause] the victory cries of the Communist insurgents Echo from the pages of the bloody history of our times Victory remember China remember Cuba Victory remember Indochina Victory Prelude to the anguish and horror the Communists bring today to the free of that Nation [Music] [Music] Vietnam and remember but we can never afford to forget the master design which unifies all these Insurgent actions on January 6th 1961 Premier Nikita KRV makes official what the world has known for some time he announces that the Soviet Union stands behind and supports what he calls Wars of Liberation by which he means Insurgent actions which bring new territory under communist [Music] domination yes assuredly the masters of world communism have a substantial stake in the subversive rebellions around the world so they're quite interested in the progress of the war in this small small far off country the war fought with Guerilla tactics and weapons of the mind and with even stronger methods when necessary for the technicians of Revolution know how to take care of resistance and how to make a clear example of anyone who offers it you bring us trouble and more trouble please leave us in peace we wish not travel in this Village Force when necessary persuasion when possible and always the tactics of hidden Warfare with Village after Village taken over the tide of communist control continues its steady sweep through the countryside from the Communist point of view this little war is progressing very well indeed in the capital of the leaguered Nation the men charged with the lawful administration of their government see their nation in dire danger and are forced to reach beyond their own resources for help so you see this is the decision we have reluctantly been forced to reach I hope the United States will see the problem as Gravely as we do I'll transmit your message to my government immediately and the Rebellion has reached the stage where it poses a serious threat to the government it is in light of this situation that the government has called on the United States for help and the word out of Washington tonight is that the United States will respond quickly sure looks bigger than it did at first huh yeah it sure does suddenly and naturally American interest is aroused what does it all mean what is our stake in this situation how does this fit into our defense posture in this day of big bombers and missiles and nuclear power these are questions that are in the minds of many Americans today in response to this aroused National concern a television correspondent visits a briefing room in the Pentagon to get the answers from a defense department expert on unconventional warfare sir I think that our viewers Across the Nation would like to know first of all two things why are we going to be involved and how does it serve America's interest for us to become involved we are going to give assistance because the author rised and lawful government has asked us for help the government over there is in dire danger of overthrow from a subversive force that is supported and supplied by other Communist States let me give you a picture of what is happening here is the situation as it exists right now the shadings on this map show how much of the country is now in Insurgent hands and this is the war the insurgents have brought to that country now if this Insurgent Force were to succeed the government over there would pass into communist hands and if that were to happen Happ this entire part of the world would be imperiled by the threat of communist takeover obviously that would be contrary to the interest of the United States so that is why we're going to send the assistance we have been asked to send what kind of help will that be well let me put it this way the government over there believes and our own own military advisers agree that their Federal forces are strong enough to take care of the situation if they are properly train to fight The shadowy elusive Guerilla War the enemy is fighting we're going to send the men who can train them to fight that kind of war and we have these men experts in this kind of Guerilla Warfare you bet we have all our services today are training to handle this kind of War at Fort Brag North Carolina home of the special Warfare Center a new kind of soldier has emerged the Special Forces Trooper the man whose specialty is guerilla fighting he is distinguished by the Green Beret he wears but he is distinguished too by a good deal more than that he is identified by his toughness and his skill this kind of soldier trains to fight a lonely War anywhere under any conditions against an enemy who lives in Shadows and Strikes in stal [Music] to do this he must learn a whole new way of life he has to depend on the land and on himself for his shelter he has to depend on the land and on himself for his [Music] food he must be master of his environment and to be this he must conquer whatever fear of it he holds [Music] There Will Be Few broad highways for him to travel his routs will be those that once were called impassible he trains to make them passible the impassible Cliff the impenetrable jungle the unpredictable River these are his Avenues these are some of the physical skills he Masters there are many more he learns to handle all kinds of river crack he is a paratrooper he becomes an expert in the Arts of sabotage he grows ad depth at handling all weapons including those used by communist countries and Beyond the realm of muscle and courage there are other skills he must develop he has to acquire a working knowledge of the language of the country in which he will serve he must learn enough about field medicine to take care of emergencies broken bones infections Burns he is also trained to perform minor surgical procedures he becomes a highly qualified radio operator His Radio if he is lucky enough to have one will be his only contact with the world he leaves behind him but the ability to survive is of course only part of the gorilla's needs in the end his Effectiveness will be measured in terms of his ability to destroy and to harass so he becomes finally an expert in the techniques and the tools of Destruction all the military services today are giving greater emphasis to training for this kind of war in the Navy this training is reflected in the activities of a special group of sailors men who must Master the water and use it as the Guerilla Soldier must master and use the land the training these men receive is strenuous and extensive like their counterparts on land they learn to combine courage and cool nerve with the special skills of the clandestine fighter wherever there is a Waterway these men are prepared to use it by whatever means are available to infiltrate enemy territory carrying with them the equipment they need to do the job and the jobs they train for are as varied as they are dramatic they make Beach reconnaissance they take hydrographic information which can be used to prepare the way for invasion they can take assure sabots who can operate behind the enemy's lines they can carry with them demolitions to blow up Harbor and shipping facilities fighting the silent War of the special Warrior the Air Force Special Air Warfare Center in Florida is the home of the Air Force's special Warriors who are known as air commanders these men dedicated volunteers also trained to develop the tough skills and quick reaction requirements of the fighter who must be able to rely on his own WID and strength to the air Commando the rifle can be as important as it is to the Infantry air commanders prepare themselves to provide close air support for counterinsurgency and to deploy troops and Equipment rapidly to areas of Guerilla activity this means that they themselves must be able to handle any challenge unconventional warfare imposes including operating an isolated locations for long periods with no outside support air Commando parachutists make up combat control teams which can spearhead Guerilla or counter gorilla operations these men dropped into the forward areas are able to direct and control air strikes resupply missions and the landing of army Special Forces hand inand with the training of air Commandos is the constant testing of equipment and techniques adaptable to counterinsurgency operations such as flare and leaflet dropping and loudspeaker psychological operations because for these operations the aircraft themselves must be as versatile as the men performing many functions not not called for in the original design configuration functions which incidentally call for the techniques and abilities of propeller aircraft even in the jet age in any discussion of Guerilla Warfare however it's important to understand that fighting guillas and fighting as gorillas are not always un necessarily the same thing under many circumstances a well-trained conventional force can defeat a Guerilla Force if it takes full advantage of a superior fire power mobility and Communications the Marines who are conditioned to the rugged training of small units and individuals provide an excellent example of the way conventional units train to defeat unconventional forces indispensable to this training of course is an understanding of how the gorilla operates how he makes tactical use of his natural surroundings and exists in generally inaccessible areas subsisting on a minimum of food and supplies because of his tenuous status he will never stand and fight if he can help it he will try to withdraw in order to avoid such a fight obviously then the principles of speed and surprise are most important when employing and maneuvering a conventional Force against a Guerilla Force utilizing these qualities of speed and surprise and employing Guerilla tactics themselves when feasible can enable a conventional Force to encircle the Guerilla position blocking his Escape thus trapped Firepower can destroy him [Music] The crucial test of all these special skills in which members of all the services trained is the classic test of all combat preparation the effect on the enemy the special Warrior no less than any other trains to fight if and when he is called upon to do so and to fight in the special way for which he is prepared very likely deep in enemy territory possibly in cooperation with unconventional forces of other friendly Nations this is the wartime mission for which he train but in peace time or in the condition of Cold War which passes for peace in our day his talents can be used in another way they can be used to help free Nations threat threatened by communist insurgents develop the ability to withstand and defeat those rebellious forces and this is the kind of help we plan to give now in this new program of assistance is that right uh this is the kind of help we're going to give right but the program of assistance itself is not new we have military assistance and advisory groups uh we call them mags in free Nations which have asked for our help all around the world the modern effective units with which they can defend their freedom if it becomes threatened our mags which are joint service operations provide them with professional military help trainers instructors advisors with which they can develop the fighting forces they need when we help a nation strengthen its ability to counter a communist Insurgent Rebellion as we're going to do in this case the assistance is provided through the MS I see so what is new or comparatively new anyway is the kind of assistance we will provide instruction and the military tactics with which communist insurgents can be defeated well that's right as far as it goes but the problem is somewhat broader than combat tactics alone a successful counterinsurgency operation has to include a program of Civic action too a program in which the regular military forces of the country can ensure the allegiance of the People by identifying themselves as the people's protectors and champions the Communist Insurgent makes military action and political action one and if you're going to defeat him you've got to defeat him on those terms the Guerilla being the special kind of fighter he is can survive and win only if he has the support of the people the Communists go after this support in two ways they use Terror as a weapon when they think it's to their advantage but they are also skillful in identifying themselves with the people's Grievances and in variably the people do have grievances particularly in the newly developing nations which are just beginning to emerge from the forms of the past for great masses of people over the slow centuries life has been a bleak Adventure in hunger and despair now today the voices of their demands are being heard the Communists are extremely shrewd in exploiting this kind of troubled situation they tell the struggling people that they share their aspirations and will help achieve them and when they have the people support they have a firm base for operation they have protection they have a source of Supply they have an intelligence Network to defeat the Communist Insurgent his link with the people both physically and psychologically must be broken and to accomplish this the people themselves The Peasant the Villager must be convinced not just in words but by Deeds that their established government is their true friend and benefactor who will help them improve their lot and their lives without this tactical training alone would not do the job and guidance in this field of Civic action then will be part of the assistance we provide it will but where will we draw the ideas and talents for the guidance we give in Civic action from the training that our military services get in Civic action at Fort Gordon Georgia the Army conducts a civil Affairs School in which this concept is stressed in detail to men who work with mags and other military units the Army incidentally has primary responsibility for conducting instruction and civil Affairs but members of all services attend the Army schools as well as members of the Armed Forces of friendly Nations Civic action itself self is complicated involving as it does political social economic and other factors but the central theme of instruction is basically simple as you work with the services of other countries to develop their counterinsurgency capabilities show them how they the military forces themselves can help satisfy the people's demands for in many of these countries the military forces are the only element with the skills and equipment needed more than any other group they have the knowledge and training in the political economic and social factors relating to counter Insurgency moreover they have the trucks and road graders and tractors which when they are not needed for military operations can be used to build roads they have the equipment to drain the swamps and erect the schools which in a village may be the difference between health and disease between knowledge and illiteracy in the cter urgency course offered at the special Warfare school at Fort Brag the same message threads through all counter gorilla instructions even to the point of demonstrating how needed equipment can be improvised a simple thing like a projector for instance which utilizes sunlight and can be constructed out of basic materials Can Be an Effective method of bringing education to a village that has no teachers and thus even this humble item becomes a potent weapon in the war for men's Minds the war for men's Minds you know this whole emphasis on wars fought in the brush in the jungle and in the minds of men who probably have no concept of the world beyond their Village how does our ability to fight and train others to fight this kind of War fit into the picture today when we and the enemy we Face both are armed with nuclear weapons which give War itself a new dimension well let's take a look at that broad picture a major war fought with nuclear weapons obviously is the first challenge we face but we're well prepared to meet this challenge our greatest strength lies in our nuclear power and our ability to deliver this power is such that it would be able to survive a nuclear surprise attack from the enemy and strike back with sufficient Force to destroy the enemy Target system by maintaining our margin of superiority in this striking power we intend to continue deterring the masters of the Soviet Empire from Grand scale aggression the Communists themselves have acknowledged as much not in quite those terms of course but in kof's 1961 speech in which he updated the Communist design for World Conquest he described and Frank words the Communists unwillingness to venture into a World War because of what he called the means of mass destruction the Communists professed horror of thermonuclear war however doesn't mean that they have renounced War as an instrument of policy they haven't for instance ruled out conventional War Wars limited geographically and fought with Conventional Weapons this is the second challenge of War we Face Kusa himself at his 1961 speech said such Wars are possible but risky and from his point of view they are indeed risky the crushing Navy Marine Amphibious assault is a well-known and well-respected example of the kind of power we have to fight the conventional War [Music] it will not be up to the enemy to say whether any War started by them will be limited or not or how it will be fought or with what kind of weapons that will be our determination but we do intend to have a wide range of responses to select from to fit the occasion every one of them capable of doing the job it is selected to do if we consider it both appropriate and in our best interest to respond with conventional non-nuclear Force we've got it and here's another incisive and powerful weapon in our arsenal of responses strike command strike command is new in the defense picture although the Army and Air Force elements it encompasses are not General Adams The Joint war room has just indicated that the military buildup IS proceeding rapidly north of the Border Rapid reaction is essential and that a US strike command air Ground Force deployment would be most effective operating as a unified command based in the US it has operational control of the combat ready Army divisions of the continental United States and all the combat ready fighter Wings tankers and Troop carriers of the Tactical Air Command from this massive power it can respond immediately to emergency calls anywhere in the world with a combat Force specially tailored to the emergency sir I have F strike and R strike on the line r strike F strike this is sank strike we're executing hit hard effective immediately strike command can take care of such situations without disrupting the forces of the overseas commands with with their assigned missions or it can augment the forces of those commands if that is what it is called upon to do strike command's Chief characteristic is that it is flexible and in this it is like the nation itself in its ability to select the response most appropriate to the challenge [Music] with this range of responses available to us and with the Communists aware that we stand ready to block any open aggression of theirs we will be able to deter the Soviets from launching open War of any Dimension or if they are Reckless enough to begin one to defeat them in it but does this eliminate war from the Communists master plan unhappily it does not there still Still Remains the third challenge the wars the Communists call popular uprisings or Liberation Wars they mean Wars of subversion and covered aggression against the constituted authority of a country the Communists frankly admit that they will support this kind of war from their point of view it would make sense if they could get by with they could win a good deal of the world this way but they will not be able to get away with with it we intend to block this Avenue of Conquest as we are blocking all others by training the forces of free governments who ask for such help to defeat the subversives who wage this kind of war and this brings us to the situation at the moment for as we send men over to the small proud Ally who has asked for our assistance this is precisely the kind of help we will provide to the best of our ability sir thank you we are glad to have you here very glad indeed thus the mission begins as the Americans come to the baguer country to train its forces to fight the Communist insurgents the country's troops are good soldiers and have handled themselves creditably in war before but their Wars have always been those of conventional tactics they have never before fought an enemy who spring from the Shadows to strike and recedes into the Shadows again so they were ill prepared to handle this kind of War when it was sneaked on them by the subversive insurgents from within their country the training given by the Americans is strenuous and [Music] thorough it's the kind which will pay off for before you can defeat the Guerilla you have to find him and in order to find him you have to be able to travel the way he travels the Guerilla must always be kept off balance and On The Run he must be denied the opportunity to attack and finally he must be feted out and killed as the ground forces are being trained you US Air Commandos take up the task of instructing the country's Air Force which is equipped with American planes in the techniques of close support for counter Guerilla operations this instruction includes reconnaissance psychological operations destruction of Supply points and the use of anti-personnel weapons along with the military training Begins the long patient painstaking effort of gaining the allegiance of the people of convincing them through a program of Civic action that their interests can best be served by the legally constituted authority of their country interest in the hard problems of their lives will reach their hearts not just professions of sympathy the Communists can and do give those but actual and honest demonstrations are what pay off in one Village an open swamp is a breeding place for disease at little cost or effort the nation's Army is able to spare the equipment and men to drain it in another the women must carry water for mil because there is no well in the village and no young men to dig one but the country's soldiers are young and strong in a village near a camp of the federal army there is no hospital and no doctor but the medical facilities in the army camp and be extended to the people of the village as well as the men in uniform in all these things it is the military force of the country itself which can best carry on the work for it is they who must identify themselves with the people in the people's minds but the Americans who are here to give assistance need not be idle Spectators every gracious act they perform is an investment in Good Will all the activities are in themselves good and worthy but even aside from the Humane benefits the military results are substantial out of the trust and friendship of the people an intelligence network is built with popular support swinging now behind the government the Insurgent is cut off from the support and the source of Supply that he must have with the gorillas becoming isolated and with the regular forces becoming steadily more accomplished in the techniques of hidden Warfare the serious work of Guerilla hunting begins this is slow war and hard War but the long months of training of patience and determination have their effect slowly the heavy tide which threatened to engulf this land in the MK of communist enslavement begins to roll back the Turning tide rustles along the jungle floor as soldiers now well coached in the techniques of counter Guerilla Warfare take the offensive flushing out and destroying Insurgent groups the changing tide rolls out of the skies above the brush the Turning tide reaches far it carries to the very headquarters of the leaders of the Revolution with the word that the federal forces are closing in the Bold men who ravaged the land with such Reckless Spirit now turn and run but the cause they served before is the same one they sered now in crisis if that CES can best be Advanced by escaping carrying with them the seeds and the techniques of their evolution then Escape as the highest good all else is expendable [Applause] [Music] oh [Music] the these men move in the conspiracy of those animated by a Sinister dream mankind locked in the dead Spirit of a Soviet world in the sweep of this tortured Vision defeats are temporary ahead lies another day another opportunity for subversion another poor and struggling Nation to be raped by the sword of Revolution this is the unceasing challenge they pose history's answer to this challenge lies now with a warrior who trains for stealth and cold violence who trains to fight the lonely and brutal War of the Guerilla who prepares to meet the enemy and defeat him in warfare's most distant regions in the remote silences of the sea in the changeless jungle brush and in the changing minds of men this is the unconventional Warrior who trains to give his nation and the world of free men the weapon with which to meet and defeat communism's third challenge in our day to crush the hope for victory from the Ambitions of men who grind their heels on Mankind's face in lands bleeding now and yet to bleed in the torment of red Insurgency to banish their dark dream to the shadows of history as it is written by free men [Music] for [Music]