THE KEY PUNCH
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Year Published: 1960s
Format: 16mm
Description: This late 1960s educational color film (#14-677) provides an operational overview for programming the key punch on the IBM 029 Key Punch machine, which was introduced in 1964. It is one of a seven-part series produced by Moreland-Latchford and distributed by Sterling Educational Films. This film reviews the program unit, the components of a program on a punched card, preparing program cards, programming a program card, and the verifier component of the IBM 029. The film opens with a shot of a woman sitting in front of an IBM 029, a washing machine (for comparison of functionality), and a woman taking out different program cards. The IBM 029’s sensing device reads the punched card (01:37). The film shows the program control lever in the off position. A woman handles a drum with a punched card on it. There is a closeup of program cards with 12-punch fields. Program cards are run through the machine. A woman types a program card (05:10). She then takes out the drum and the program card. She inserts programming cards into the IBM machine (07:28). The film shows a pink program card for a student name, gender, date of birth, phone number, and street address. The operator takes out a punched card and compares it to the original (10:18). There is a closeup shot of 12-punch pins on the cards (11:00). A verifier operator repeats the keystrokes to check for accuracy; an error light comes on when an error is detected. A notch is punched on the right of the card when it is verified as correct by the machine. The film shows a stack of cards with notches, making it easy for the operator to quickly identify the cards that have an error (as they don’t have a notch). A punched card or punch card is a piece of stiff paper that can be used to contain digital data represented by the presence or absence of holes in predefined positions. Digital data can be for data processing applications or, in earlier examples, used to directly control automated machinery. Punched cards were widely used through much of the 20th century in the data processing industry, where specialized and increasingly complex unit record machines, organized into semiautomatic data processing systems, used punched cards for data input, output, and storage. Many early digital computers used punched cards, often prepared using keypunch machines, as the primary medium for input of both computer programs and data. While punched cards are now obsolete as a storage medium, as of 2012, some voting machines still use punched cards to record votes. The IBM 29 card punch shown was announced on October 14, 1964, the newest version of a device first developed 74 years earlier. The punch and its companion, the IBM 59 card verifier, were used to record and check information in punched cards. The cards were then read and processed by a computer or an accounting machine. The IBM 29 remained in the product catalog until May 1984.
Complete Record: This late 1960s educational color film (#14-677) provides an operational overview for programming the key punch on the IBM 029 Key Punch machine, which was introduced in 1964. It is one of a seven-part series produced by Moreland-Latchford and distributed by Sterling Educational Films. This film reviews the program unit, the components of a program on a punched card, preparing program cards, programming a program card, and the verifier component of the IBM 029. The film opens with a shot of a woman sitting in front of an IBM 029, a washing machine (for comparison of functionality), and a woman taking out different program cards. The IBM 029’s sensing device reads the punched card (01:37). The film shows the program control lever in the off position. A woman handles a drum with a punched card on it. There is a closeup of program cards with 12-punch fields. Program cards are run through the machine. A woman types a program card (05:10). She then takes out the drum and the program card. She inserts programming cards into the IBM machine (07:28). The film shows a pink program card for a student name, gender, date of birth, phone number, and street address. The operator takes out a punched card and compares it to the original (10:18). There is a closeup shot of 12-punch pins on the cards (11:00). A verifier operator repeats the keystrokes to check for accuracy; an error light comes on when an error is detected. A notch is punched on the right of the card when it is verified as correct by the machine. The film shows a stack of cards with notches, making it easy for the operator to quickly identify the cards that have an error (as they don’t have a notch). A punched card or punch card is a piece of stiff paper that can be used to contain digital data represented by the presence or absence of holes in predefined positions. Digital data can be for data processing applications or, in earlier examples, used to directly control automated machinery. Punched cards were widely used through much of the 20th century in the data processing industry, where specialized and increasingly complex unit record machines, organized into semiautomatic data processing systems, used punched cards for data input, output, and storage. Many early digital computers used punched cards, often prepared using keypunch machines, as the primary medium for input of both computer programs and data. While punched cards are now obsolete as a storage medium, as of 2012, some voting machines still use punched cards to record votes. The IBM 29 card punch shown was announced on October 14, 1964, the newest version of a device first developed 74 years earlier. The punch and its companion, the IBM 59 card verifier, were used to record and check information in punched cards. The cards were then read and processed by a computer or an accounting machine. The IBM 29 remained in the product catalog until May 1984.
Transcription
there are many automatic devices in the keypunch if a number of cards need to be punched and all have the same fields a program unit is used to efficiently organize the machine its operation is similar to that of a washing machine in a washing machine the program unit consists of a number of timing devices that activate various program requirements wash hot water cooled water rinse and so on however the program setting does not determine exactly what the machine should contain the same idea applies to the program unit in the keypunch different card formats require a different program flexible components allow various programs to be inserted for automatic control of the key punch these programs are called program cards each program card represents a different format the program card is punched with predetermined holes that will be detected by sensing devices that activate various machine operations the drum holds the program card it has 12 grooves corresponding to the 12 rows on the card unlike the contact rollers method of completing the circuit the sensing devices merely dip down when they detect a hole these star wheels when dipping into a hole close a contact point and an impulse is created the information is read and converted into the appropriate output or function here is the program control lever when in the off position the wheels are raised and the machine is in alphabetical shift on the other hand when the program control lever is on the card punch is in numerical shift if a program card is on the drum if no card is on the drum and the star wheels are down the machine might be damaged when preparing a program card it is first necessary to consider the detail cards whose fields are predetermined once this is accomplished it can be seen that possibly there are sections of each card that can be omitted or skipped over other fields contain the same data on all cards and can be duplicated a 12 punch is used to describe the length of field so every column except the first column of a field is punched with a 12 punch the simplest program card would be one that has no holes in it with a blank card on the program drum and the star wheels lowered the machine immediately goes into numerical shift therefore a code or punch is necessary to activate the machine to go into alphabetical shift a one punch in the program card does this each of the columns of the program card that contain a punch in the one row will cause the key punch to go into alphabetical shift when punching the detail cards to pass over or skip a field without punching the machine is programmed to start skipping upon the detection of an 11 punch in a particular column of the program card the skipping continues as long as the columns of the program card following consecutively contain punches in the 12 roll again the skipping is halted when the star wheels no longer Scents the continuation of the 12 punch and the machine immediately shifts into the next code this is especially useful when the card is not completely used and the last few columns hold no data in this case the card can skip through the remaining columns when punching with the help of a program card the switch at the left of the keyboard panel should be on often a series of columns is duplicated onto each detail card this can be programmed by a zero punch on the program card in the column corresponding to the first column of the filled in the detail card which is to be duplicated the column is duplicated and as in skipping duplication continues as long as there is a 12 punch in each of the columns following consecutively the duplication can be numerical or alphabetical if alphabetical shift is to be duplicated then a 1 punch must be added in each column of the field to be duplicated otherwise the Machine remains in numerical shift it must be noted at the presence of one punches in the columns of the program card permits automatic spacing over blank columns blanks are only valid with IBM machines in an alphabetical field so if the operator attempted to duplicate a blank column while still in numerical shift the keyboard would lock up in summary of the program card code a one shifts the keyboard into the alphabetical characters a zero starts automatic duplication 11 starts automatic skipping and twelve defines the lengths of a field and the idea of it all is to set up the punching of the fields of a particular group of cards with the same format and automatically duplicate information to appear on each card and skip quickly over all the columns that don't contain any data it is only one of many things that make data processing so efficient and it's as simple as 1 0 11 12 if all the students in Louise's class are to have cards like hers then a program card will be necessary first the card code in column one no punch code is necessary because it's only a one column field and it's numerical next the student number field columns two to six again it is numerical so no punch code is needed except the 12 code for the field length now the surname field it is alphabetical so we need one punches for alphabetical shift and the 12 punches for the field length similarly in the first name field columns 22 231 one punches for alphabetical and twelve punches for the field length the code for sex is M or F so the single column field merely requires a one-punch this program card is only for Louise's class a 0 punch followed by for 12 punches we'll duplicate this data into each card the age field is numerical nothing is needed in the first column and a 12 punch ends the field in the second column the phone number field is seven digits and numerical so the first column is not punched and the remaining six all have a 12 punch the program card is completed up to column 46 columns 47 to 73 have been set aside for the address it is common practice not to separate the street number so the numeric key will have to be depressed when this number is punched in thus disregarding the different make up of different addresses we program one punches for the alpha shift and twelve punches for the continuation of the entire field for the remaining columns an 11 punch for skipping is introduced and followed by 12 punches it will skip out the rest of the card most key punching mistakes are immediately recognized by the operator and corrected by punching a new card nevertheless a few errors may pass by undetected some checking is done by reading the printing or the actual punches and comparing with the information from the original source however for any volume of cards a faster method of checking is required the verifier is employed for this function the verifier is the same as the key punch except for a few small differences the punching dyes are replaced by twelve punch pins they don't cut through the card but merely sense the holes here we are verifying an a sensing a 12 and a 1 punch using the information from the original source a verifier operator repeats the keystrokes of the key punch operator causing the appropriate sensing pins to fall but if there is no hole for the pin to fall through the error light comes on the operator resets and repeats a required key to check her own accuracy if the error light comes on again there really is a mistake when resetting and trying a third time the light will stay off but the machine punches a notch along the 12 edge of the card directly above the column with the error if there is no mistake the light will of course stay off and the Machine shifts to the next column if there are no errors on the whole card a notches punched at the right end of the card office at the one row the verifier gives you three chances before it notches a mistake or moves on naturally any cards with errors that are not just along the top are not notched at the end this method allows the operator to easily spot the cards in a stack that have errors to correct and the notch above the column helps to speedily find the error that was made
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