SPEEDING THE DISTRIBUTION OF ENGINEERING DRAWINGS BY XEROGRAPHY

e [Music] IBM hwk of International Business Machines Corporation is a worldwide symbol of pioneering and leadership in the conception design and production of such machines one of the major plants of this great industrial Enterprise is located in the Hudson River Valley at pipy New York here research product development and production engineering today are applying the most advanced findings of electronics investigation to making machines whose operations simplify the most involved of accounting procedures and resolve the most challenging of data processing problems this is typical of the large scale systems IBM is producing for the processing of data relating to every Avenue of human experience and action the astonishing capabilities of these machines are built about magnetic memory cores which store both data and processing instructions results are computed and decisions are rendered in millions of a single second fabrication and assembly of the scores of thousands of Parts which make up a single IBM electronic accounting or data processing machine are mapped and guided from beginning to end by the distribution of a huge volume of engineering drawings aloid believes it to be significant that IBM whose own efforts for more than 40 years have been identified with simplifying the complexities of paperwork today is using combined zerog graphic copying and offset duplicating procedures as more efficient and economical methods of delivering this vital paper work in time to meet manufacturing program demands when the original drawing has been finished it is taken directly to the product engineering duplicating section to be copied by xerography the xerographic and offset procedure requires but a single handling of the drawing that in which it is mounted on the copy Board of the haloid Robertson model 128 camera for exposure because the zerog graphic copying process reproduces pencil detail with a fully satisfactory degree of readability no costly time consuming inking of the drawing is required while the copy board operator and his coworker in the dark room at the rear of the camera carry out preliminaries to exposure of the Xerox 1218 plate to the drawing let's consider other features of the IBM drawings duplication procedure in the copying of c and bized flat drawings onto the 12x1 18in plate the reproduction is scaled down to 11x 17 in or to 46 to 61% of the original size IBM has discovered that by requiring standard sized open-faced lettering and figure detail in the drafting of drawings no readability is sacrificed in using reduced reproductions these save material costs conserve filing space and handle with more ease and convenience than size to siize reproductions our next scenes provide a walkthrough look at the xerographic copying cycle as carried out at IBM beginning with sensitizing of the place and continuing with exposure plate development and again outside the dark room transfer of the image on the plate to an offset paper master and fusing of the master production in a few minutes by xerography of an offset paper Master bearing A reduced photo exact image of the original drawing is in marked contrast to the drawing duplicating method formerly used by IBM that method called for the use of size toiz cloth reproductions of Originals the reproductions were handled constantly with resulting loss of quality as copies were made singly slowness of the process caused a pile up of reproductions awaiting use and execution of copy orders in addition to other methods of reproducing engineering drawings in IBM xerography has played an important role in reproducing some of the large quantity of engineering drawings at high speed in this application alone the duplicating section of IBM's product engineering department has achieved achieved estimated Savings of $65,000 a year by supplanting formerly used methods with the faster less costly one carried out with the Xerox model 1218 units and offset process duplicators after fusing completes the 15x 20in master it is sent to another duplicating section in manufacturing where it is held on file until copies are released by order of production control total time consumed in making the master and running off the copies represents only a fraction of that formerly required to fill a drawing reproduction order the runoff of the copies is extended beyond the number needed immediately the reserve will be kept on file and made available upon requisition to any Department requiring extra copies made with these extra copies is a Vellum transparency which can be used for Dio reproduction and thus extend the reserve the advantages of maintaining reserves of copies at a very slight addition to the original order cost is immediately apparent the advantages are even better realized when the time and cost factors involved in requisitioning extra copies under the formerly used method of reproduction are considered development of Innovations in the use of xerography to meet particular needs s is part of the history of that relatively young but already widely used process in IBM's product development Laboratories such an innovation has been of incalculable value in dispatching engineering change notices to production lines working on the back of reverse reading sepia intermediate copy of the original the engineer crosh hatches out that portion of the drawing which is to be removed and boldly draws in the detail of the change the intermediate now goes to a draftsman who uses it as a guide in making the marked out deletions from the original drawing and adding the change ordinarily when the original has been altered both original and intermediate go to the duplicating section to be copied onto offset paper Masters however when the change is urgent the nature of the Innovation makes possible execution of a change notice by duplicating the intermediate alone in such cases the alteration of the original is deferred temporarily in the xerographic copying procedure the intermediate is mounted corrected side up on the copy board with the effect that the drawing in exposure will be copied right reading through the paper the portion lightly marked out will stand out in faint but readily discernable detail the change on the other hand will take on much Bolder relief than that of all the remainder of the drawing thus zerog graphic and offset produced copies of the intermediate assume the identity of visual engineering change notices these notices when the distributed with copies of the altered original may be read and interpreted immediately without the necessity of studying cumbersome and laboriously prepared engineering change information if the notice is sped through without an accompanying copy of the altered original it may as easily be understood by comparing it with an already onhand copy of the unchanged original the IBM development of visual engineering change notices and the role played by xerography in shortcutting their copying and distribution have combined to save as much as a week of the time formerly required to get such notices to manufacturing a close-up look at a visual engineering change notice made with xerography plainly reveals both the Bold outlines of the drawn in change and the fainter ghost image of the deleted portion copied through the paper while nothing has been completely erased the change has become visual indeed under the procedure previously followed in executing engineering change notices an intermediate copy of the original was marked up by an engineer and delivered to a change writer the change writer studied the change and then composed the explanatory information in long hand after the change writer had finished with the intermediate it passed to a draftsman who used it as a guide in altering the original next a reproducible cloth copy of the altered original had to be made for use in producing one at a time the required number of copies meanwhile The Writer's explanation of the change had to be transcribed by a typist onto an offset paper master or several paper Masters depending on the bulk of the information when the copies of the information were run off and when the copies of the original finally were completed they were distributed together formerly the department responsible for forwarding change notices was able to process from 10 to 12 daily the new method built about the visual engineering change notice and reproduction with xerography has more than doubled that capacity with accompanying easement rather than aggre ation of the workload the value of the Xerox 1218 unit as a tool for dispatching engineering change notices further is demonstrated by a versatility wherein marked up intermediates of small drawings may be copied at a two-up rate duplicates of both are run from the single offset paper Master IBM isn't alone among the world leading American Industries which have discovered that zer graphy represents a time lapse and cost cutting key to the solution of paperwork reproduction problems among such users is the Chrysler Corporation whose Highland Park Michigan plant might be called an architectural counterpart of the forward look its designers have imparted to Chrysler Motorcars part of the spirit behind the building of Chrysler products is an UNS slackening search for and application of better methods that alertness led to Chrysler's first limited use of xerography today only 3 years later that initial use has been expanded in variety and multiplied in volume to such proportions that paperwork cost savings realized through xerography are estimated by Chrysler at a quarter of a million dollars yearly the duplicates Chrysler runs at the rate of millions annually from offset paper Masters produced by xerography include reproductions of engineering drawings changes and orders technical reports manuals financial and operating statements office and Factory forms correspond dealer bulletins and press releases we've just scratched the surface is the way the Chrysler's forward-looking users of xerography sum up the possibilities for even greater utilization of the process the arresting beauty of the Rotunda Graces approaches to the Ford Motor Company's administrative Center at deerburn Michigan here are located the facilities of administrative services that help keep far-flung divisions of this car producing Colossus functioning Ford has been identified with many firsts in automobile design and manufacturer in the field of xerography Ford 2 holds credit for a first special equipment designed by haloid to Ford specifications several years ago became the first to speed the reproduction in reduced scale of large-sized engineering drawings which could not be handled with other Xerox equipment then available in the duplicating section of the engineering staff administrative services department at deerburn xerography long since has become one of the standard processes through which the reproduction of engineering drawings has been accelerated with the zerog graphic speed up have come cost savings estimated at $75,000 a year Ford today uses xerography to make size toize drawings up to the dimensions of the 1218 plate for the scale down copying of larger drawings for the two up copying of small drawings onto a single master and for making enlarged copies of small drawings operators working a single Xerox installation at dearburn produce as many as 400 Masters a day Ford also gets part lists into distribution much more rapidly today by copying and duplicating them with the zerog graphic and offset method this is the Glenn L Martin company of Baltimore Maryland Pioneer builder of red aircraft a leader of experiment and production in the vital to defense field of guided missiles and today principal contractor for the implementing of America's own attempt to project a man-made satellite into outer space Martin aircraft has adopted xerography and Xerox 128 equipment as an integral part of an improved duplicating system which has reduced material and processing costs by 1/3 the savings realized through the use of xerography as a means of duplicating large larger engineering drawings with a 50% reduction in scale as well as other economies made possible by the process now amount according to Martin's estimate to $660,000 a year but before accepting xerography Martin subjected Xerox units to Shakedown tests these tests determined that copying by xerography eliminated the necessity of preparing Originals on costly linen or Vellum that xerography could lift legibly sharp black and white copies from soiled or even doged originals and that copies produced by the all dry zerog graphic and offset duplicating procedure held to levels of stability that could not be maintained in the use of other methods in weighing the advantages of its new copy reproducing procedure Martin aircraft has found that zerog graphically produced drawing copies are made available with sometimes critically important shortening of the reproduction time cycle that the process eliminates hand sharing of size toiz copies made by other methods and the folding and refolding necessary in handling them Martin aircraft also employs the combined zerog graphic offset method for making multiple copies of organization charts Standard Process bulletins Air Force and navy specifications and Manufacturing division manuals these comparison scenes demonstrate the bulk savings realized through making black and white reduced copies of drawings by xerography the smaller copies easily may be compared several at a time without overlapping standardizing of drawing copy reduction has Whitted down the size of shop order folders and the cost of mailing copies to customers and vendors let's take an official view now of the launching of a rocket missile developed by Martin research and Engineering the jet propulsion principles which have been harnessed to thrust such missiles through the skies are at this moment being applied to the creation of projectiles capable of InterContinental flight such principles too will be used in engineering vast power Resources with which an attempt will be made to project a man-made satellite into outer space whether industrial effort is pointed toward new goals in data processing Automation in automotive advancement aeronautical Evolution or in any other Progressive Direction there is no substitute for the prompt distribution of engineering information carried by drawings and related paperwork in this connection xerography is a tool that keeps the pace of achievement speeded toward the last objective [Music]