Soviet Union - Faces Of Today

[Music] [Applause] speech spee spe [Music] it is time to go to work in Leningrad Lev nicovich kachev will soon leave for the nearby Factory where he designs Electric turbin night's ride by train to the southeast vasil petrovich makes his regular early morning stop at the milk dispensary his wife nah leaves for the fields with the other women of the collective farm at the same moment near the Turkish border Dr ksh and her husband nugar are enjoying a midm morning picnic in the hills of Georgia another thousand miles to the east in Soviet Central Asia it is noon the family of abdur rasul is gathered upon the traditional Chiana for lunch but in the forest region of Siberia which is 4 hours later by the Sun the working day is almost over when the sun sets for the Siberian Farmer for over 100 million Soviet citizens thousands of miles to the West the day is just beginning [Music] fertile is the black soil of thy wheat land and Rich thy pastures oh Mother Russia thy fields are covered with the blossom of wild flowers and fragrant strawberries spread over them like a Scarlet cloth fresh and green and mighty stand thy forests of all manner of trees rich is the Harvest that rewards the peasant [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Laughter] [Applause] my name is Dimitri shf sh my family lived on this same land for as long as anybody here can remember the cheenos were surfs to a nobleman under the tar then they became small farming freemen and when I was a boy we were collectivized by wall we expect a good harvest this year that will mean more money for us perhaps Natasha and I will enlarge our flock of chickens and perhaps too there will be enough money so that the co hor can finally repaired the old church and make it into a decent social Center as it is it leaks when it rains and it doesn't hold heat well in Winter well we'll see we'll see Dimitri chevchenko lives on a coal host a collective Farm on collectives all the means of production the land the buildings and the Machinery are owned collectively by all the farmers the state determines what and how much the farm is going to produce everything in excess of this quota is sold to the state for profit it is from this extra money that the people are paid a bonus above the minimum wage on Collective Farms Farm families can own the land surrounding their homes they can raise anything they want on this land and sell it in the Town Market for personal gain alow the size of private privately owned land is small these plots are responsible for 2/3 of the nation's dairy product and 1 half of the fresh [Music] vegetable the day to-day Affairs of a collective Farm are run by a committee of farmers mostly men like vasel petrovich I drive the milk truck between the barn and the dispensary on my Collective the committee makes many important decisions we get directives from Moscow but we decide who will do what job we are all paid in minimum wage but the committee recommend the size of the bonus which is paid after the quarters have been met and the Surplus Harvest sold we plan not only for work but for recreation too take for instance this year's Mayday picnic we have asked Tana ianov to sing for us a medal of old Russian song [Music] [Music] no matter how mother are machines we love our old Melodies even those who leave the farm for the cities continue to sing and teach them to the children [Music] spee [Music] [Music] Central Asia is one of the oldest inhabited regions of the [Music] earth my name is Usman is I'm I am a farm worker for the andan state cotton Farm I live with my family in a new quarters built by the State Farm organization the house is new but our customs are old our meals are traditional we like tea and we eat Theos which is our bread and PLO which is rice mixed with pieces of lamb and sweet fruit traditionally the women of the House serve the man even the youngest since the establishment of our USC Soviet soci socialist republic things have changed Hassan my youngest will grow up in a much better world than I did abdur is the chairman of the andan state cotton farm he is an important Link in the chain of State Farm bureaucracy from regional managers to loow local supervisors on State Farms the land the means of production and the capital are all owned by the state everyone who works the farm is an employee and is in fact no different from a factory worker State Farm Workers are paid on a similar scale as Factory workers they have no voice in the operation they even live in company style housing State Farms receive Direct from the central agricultural planning Authority from which a long chain of command stretches all the way down to the regional manager usually a man like abdur rasul who has lived all his life with the people of the [Music] [Music] area [Music] for a dur will sell his fruit crop in the regional markets but the great markets of European Russia are far away refrigerated transportation is still very scarce but European Russia is where the markets continue to grow as more and more Farm people are moving to the [Music] city [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] for spee [Music] by now the majority of Soviet citizens live in cities and are employed in the most varied [Music] occupations singing opera making chocolate to flying airplanes Lev nikovic kachev designs electric turbin he walks to work through one of the recently completed housing projects built to meet the acute post-war housing shortage [Music] as a member of the factory Trade union Lev gets not only help in housing but also many other benefits which are usually not associated with a place of work state factories like State Farms are highly centralized leb's immediate supervisor is the last man in the hierarchical chain that reaches all the way up to the State Planning Commission in Moscow from which all the decisions concerning practically every aspect of the industrial economy originate every region of our country receives careful attention from our party and government while our planning is Central our objective is to develop each region to the full extent using the natural and Human Resources wherever they may be for the benefit of the entire Soviet Union sometimes national interests supered individual needs thus the government recently decided to expand our foreign markets though in time we will return to a greater emphasis on domestic consumer goods for the consumer shopping in winter is especially difficult in Soviet families the woman does all the household chores in Leningrad the wife of Lev nikovic kachev who was a meteorologist leaves work to do her daily shopping like everybody else she walks [Music] consumer goods are also produced according to a central plan which tries to anticipate the consumer's tastes and needs [Music] shopping takes up many hours of the Soviet woman's day whether she is a factory worker or a highly trained professional like Dr kti TSH my name is Kata TSH I'm a pediatrician here in Georgia as in all of the Soviet Union most Physicians are women our economy depends on the work of both men and women and our incomes are geared to it my husband Nar is also an MD we live with our two children and my mother in the older section of the the capital city of Georgia we have four rooms which by Soviet standards is quite luxurious but then this apartment was passed on to me by my father who was also a physician so we did not have to struggle through the successive applications to the Department of Housing [Music] my friend kerina and I are on our way to take a ride into the hills to picnic with some friends we have heard that the dance group of the Trade union of transportation workers plans to rehearse today which is a treat for us natives of [Music] take a good look at the Customs women wear dresses that show Persian and Turkish influence men are dressed in Ted Customs which were the costumes of the legendary Horsemen notice also that the stars of the dances are men this reflects our traditions of men playing the important role of being the leader [Music] [Applause] [Music] h [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] 2 1 [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Music] [Applause] on [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] my name is m kto I am a welder I live way out east in the Siberian city of Bratz over 3,000 km from Moscow here in Ian the government offers as much as 40% more pay to attract workers like myself a lot of young people have been attracted by the good [Applause] wages the average age of a worker here is under 30 we young people in Siberia begin to think of this new vast territory as our [Music] own once it was the land of the Exiles for some it still [Music] is but for most of us here in brat it is a region of [Music] promise maybe it's here that the future greatness of Russia lies [Music] I live here in this foress dormitory every evening I study radio engineering by way of Correspondence that's quite a thing to do here so I and my friends close many of our days with an hour or more of studying as the day draws to a close in different parts of the Soviet Union Dimitri Chev chenco reads his provit and goes to bed vasel Petrovic sets his alarm clock for 5:30 kvali listens to her husband practicing the piano and abdur rasul sips some tea before [Music] retiring Le kovich kachev ends his day by taking his family to a concert of the Trade union Coral Club of his [Music] Factory he listens to the native music of the Russian Plains he feels a closeness to the native soil he remembers his grandfather walking behind the plow for he and most of his colleagues as in fact the majority of the Soviet City dwellers are only one generation or two away from the farm [Music] [Music] [Music] the for