Safety in store (1964)

[Music] feeding the greatly expanding population of the world is already a serious problem with many millions living at starvation level the loss of a single crop through insects May mean disaster it has been esed that food stuffs lost annually to Insects would be enough to feed 150 million people scientific control is reducing these losses in the field but even when the crop is gathered it must still be protected from Attack by insects bulk transport and storage of food stuffs on a large scale greatly encourage the rapid breeding and distribution of insect pests from production to consumption grain food stuffs and other Commodities must be stored often for considerable periods and they're always open to attack therefore constant care must be taken to to prevent insect infestation the Cooper technical Bureau makes a special study of the control of insect pests in food stuffs at all stages from the time of harvesting to marketing Cooper entomologists are regularly employed in the examination of infested premises identifying the pest concerned and Advising on control measures poor conditions of storage lead directly to infestation by insects here grain has been heavily attacked by the grain Weevil cytophil granarius grain weevils attack sound grains of all kinds and cause immense losses throughout the world the female Weevil By Boring a small hole can lay eggs inside the grain which the developing graub eventually reduces to a mere husk infestation by the grain Weevil is not confined to wheat alone May and many other cereals are liable to attack whether stored in the small farm granery or huge multiple Silo cereals are susceptible to infestation by many Beetle and moth pests in Great Britain and many parts of the world the saw tooed grain Beetle or isil surinamensis is a serious economic pest the modern farmer uses upto-date machinery for harvesting his crops and mat it with good storage conditions this farmer reaped a good harvest and by careful handling has ensured minimal losses such clean sound grain is readily accepted by the Miller many a picturesque Mill conceals some of the most complex Machinery to be found in the food industry during processing most Commodities are highly vulnerable to insect attack in the mill constant vigilance is essential to prevent infestation as well as to ensure the production of good quality flag conditions in flower mills are ideal for the development of the mill moth anagasta ciella which flourishes within neglected machinery and the fabric of the mill the na'vi produce a dense webbing that clogs the flow into useless lumps which block conveyors and screens and cause production stoppages the mill moth is not the only pest to find harborage in Milling Machinery of equal importance are flower beetles tribolium confusum and tribolium castani the latter is active in tropical countries infesting ground nuts as well as cereal products after processing the danger of insect attack still cannot be ignored a wide variety of seral products and food stuffs are attacked in store by the spider beetle Tina's tectus it is active throughout the warehouse favoring cool temperate conditions it's also fond of dried soups and meat cubes Special Care has to be taken with dried fruit which is particularly susceptible to moth attack examination of a sample of muscatels reveals infestation by lvi of the warehouse moth episa Ella these lvi leave the fruit to pupate in the fabric of the store the moths emerge next season causing reinfestation and damage to new stocks in common with other pests the warehouse moth does not confine its activities to dried fruit the L attack whole wheat clumping the grains together with webbing and eating the embryos thus reducing Milling quality the nuts in slab chocolate and indeed the chocolate itself are highly attractive to the Lara of this and other moth pests the warehouse moth is also found in tobacco together with the Tobacco beetle Lazio Derma cicor this beetle is chiefly a pest in tropical countries where a heavy infestation can Devour the entire Leaf leaving only the bare ribs blowflies are attracted to meat bacon and dried fish causing considerable damage and possible loss of prestige the female blowfly on finding a suitable sight lays large egg masses in folds and Cavities left by bone removal the maggots which hatch in about 24 hours rapidly consume and spoil the meat although it causes no material damage the housefly Muska domestica is a well-known carrier of disease depositing filth and germs everywhere and must not be tolerated in any place where food is present in catering premises the appearance of a single fly often causes much concern and commands Swift action but even when all is apparently well trouble can still exist dark warm humid conditions are ideal for the German cockroach the T germanica cockroaches foul and taint stored food stuffs and they can withstand the most adverse conditions working conditions involving continuous high temperatures are experienced in bakeries Hospital kitchens and similar places here scrupulous attention to hygiene maintains freedom from insects during the final preparation of the product neglect on the other hand can lead to infestation by the tropical Pharaoh's ant monomorium fonus the minute queens and worker ants forage widely for sweet substances such as this granulated sugar the development of successful control measures depends on a thorough knowledge of the life cycles and the habits of the pest insect in the Koopa technical Bureau this entails keeping large breeding colonies of numerous insect species for experimental purposes initially many chemical compounds are screened for insecticidal activity when a promising compound is found often amongst many thousands tested and rejected it must undergo a succession of tests to determine its biological efficiency against a wide range of insect pests flies are also used in this small experimental chamber to test the effectiveness of a spray formulation designed to control flying insects in this large test room a pressure-packed dispenser is under trial against flies in conditions of controlled temperature and humidity other tests involve cockroaches and beetles to measure the persistency of residual spray deposits on the Roller Mill a powder grain protectant is Thoroughly mixed with wheat samples before exposure to Weevil attack once proved on this small scale development moves on to extensive field trials and if successful large scale production begins such stringent testing techniques resulted in the development of pin consisting of pyrum synergized with piperon butoxide this versatile insecticide is internationally accepted as one of the safest in use it provides rapid knockdown and kill of a broad spectrum of insect pests yet may be used without risk in the presence of food in some small communities where conditions of cropping handling and storage are less Advanced insects May completely destroy the crop this is particularly liable to happen in tropical and subtropical countries where high temperatures favor the rapid breeding of insects stored maze for example is specially subject to attack which may begin in the ripening crop and continue after husks are removed from the cob and the kernel separated [Music] [Music] [Music] fortunately even at this stage some degree of protection can be given by mixing in a protectant before the grain is bagged and placed in storage [Music] Huts if a problem exists here how much greater is it when grain is stored for many months inide holding hundreds of thousands of tons infestation here could lead to Serious losses and shortages on a national level but as in the African Homestead cereals in store can be protected against insect attack by a simple but efficient process a liquid protectant is accurately applied to the grain as it passes along the conveyor here shown uncovered using Precision spraying equipment in this way the grain is protected by a minute deposit of insecticide which although deadly to insects is in no way harmful to humans such treatment of food stuffs is officially approved by Health departments throughout the world dosages involving the addition of 1 and A2 pints of liquid to one ton of grain mean a negligible increase in its moisture content grain and other cereals treated like this will remain free from infestation in store for at least 6 months thus passing on to the consumer the full benefits reaped at Harvest similarly the concentration of a nation's food food at the Docks and depos throughout the country makes constant vigilance and efficient pest control methods absolutely essential the bulk storage of Commodities in good condition cannot be fully effective without intelligent hygiene stores must be kept clean and light temperature ventilation and humidity properly controlled modern handling techniques and storage on pallets as in this doc Warehouse have brought about a revolution in warehouse management spillage of any kind if neglected provides ideal conditions for pest development in the tobacco Bond a case of stripped tobacco is opened and made ready for weighing necessary for payment of customs duty in the process spillage occurs and must be reclaimed but this is only a small part of an overall cleaning routine an industrial vacuum cleaner is ideal for this purpose efficiently removing dust and debris from all internal surfaces however owing to the ever increasing quantities of food in store practical hygiene measures are not enough chemical methods of insect control must also be employed after cleaning a persistent residual insecticide is applied to the building fabric for crawling insect control a light easy to operate napsack sprayer provides a simple and efficient means of treatment for flying insect control be it Fly wasp or moth a fine mist of pin droplets is produced by an electrically operated M generator based on the spinning disc principle droplet size can be varied with the control valve from a light air mist to a coarse wetting spray The Machine's strong Air Blast blows the particles forward and they circulate to every corner of the store pests do not respect International boundaries for example Italian spaghetti manufacturer has its own infestation problems mainly from moths and Weevil infesting pasta debris and the drying cabinets and other Machinery in this situation too misting with pbin using an electrical fogging machine provides a rapid method of control allowing penetration of the insecticide deep into machinery with the increase in storage capacity perhaps involving millions of cubic feet powerful thermal fogging machines capable of producing a dense insecticidal fog are now in regular use at the rate of many gallons of pbin per hour routine fogging of the largest stores has become a practical proposition this treatment involves no toxic risk to Commodities exposed during spraying even after daily foggy bacon is most vulnerable to blowfly attack during processing and marketing complete protection in The Smokehouse Warehouse transport and Shop is assured by a light application of fibin powder this protectant is repellent as well as insecticidal yet it is destroyed by cooking and cannot harm the consumer [Music] the pressure packed aerosol provides an easy and efficient means of controlling flying ints in food premises flies wasps and moths can be a nuisance wherever food is stored or displayed but freedom from these pests can be automatically achieved by the installation of a catic unit a measured dose of a highly concentrated pin formulation is released from a special dispenser at 15-minute intervals making the atmosphere deadly and highly repellent to all common flying insects when operated for 8 hours a day the dispenser only needs changing every 3 months and even this is a simple process in larger premises installation of several units one machine in every 6,000 cubic feet gives overall protection even when the commod is packaged it is still open to attack insects can penetrate waxed paper polythene cellophane wrap silver foil and many other materials but a simple cardboard pack can be made insect proof by the application of a repellent coating of pbin after printing the carton boards are varnished before being cut into separate packs in the coopa coat process a pbin coating replaces the normal varnish and the appearance of the pack is unaffected no special Machinery or processing is required for its application [Music] under poor conditions of storage unprotected cartons can become as heavily infested as this in contrast the kooper coat process ensures safety in store over a prolonged period infestation of food stuffs must be controlled in the crop growing areas of the world in the warehouses in the processing factories of food manufacturers in the store rooms of wholesalers and retailers in shops cens restaurants and all places where food is present a [Music]