REPORT FROM CHIN

in the shameful people's commune people prepare flowering the field after the harvest the operation is called autumn Klein in three weeks great earth freeze [Applause] [Applause] the time it takes for the earth to freeze after the harvest is particularly short in this region all of the 37 factors available are mobilized [Applause] in order not to be caught by winter they plow in three shifts working even at night [Applause] after the autumn plowing the tired tractors from surrounding communists 8 owned tractor repair factory at all of the people's communes two tractors are repaired and reconditioned during the winter [Applause] in order to reduce repair costs the workers do not spare their efforts or ingenuity but spare materials they try to recondition old parts which used to be thrown away [Music] [Applause] [Applause] a machine the workers made by putting together a discarded lathe and a discarded electric welding machine they reconditioned the worn-out parts with this machine so that they can be used again they replayed headlight reflectors also the workers say that they want to use every tractor for at least 30 years the spirit to respect even one cent a slogan on the wall says a sieve for metal casting which utilizes an old hand cart a screw cutting machine made out of automobile parts a standard lathe made in chengyang was also encountered here and was the basis of the efforts to aid the villages a mountainous region in keene province with winter rapidly approaching [Music] the young people carrying heavy packages are members of a mobile film team this will be their last chance to visit the remote villages in this area before the severe winter arrives they are bringing a projector films and a generator as well in case they visit a village without electricity when their destination is in a remote mountain area which cannot be reached by car the work is particularly difficult but the more difficult the place is to reach the more strongly the people there look forward to the coming of the team many intellectual young people are engaged in this kind of work in order to eliminate the cultural gap between the cities and the peasant villages [Music] in China where television is not yet widespread the role of the mobile film teams is very significant the members of the teams are not merely technicians but they read aloud articles from recent editions of the people's daily and show the present slides made instantly according to their requests they are multi-purpose cultural teams [Music] [Applause] [Music] they are welcomed by a group of villagers who happen to be on the mountain gathering wood [Music] [Music] [Music] today's showing is a documentary film Chairman Mao is with 1 million Red Guards [Applause] [Music] [Applause] in Latham all duty women out in in the total human coming Julia [Music] the news of what is going on in Peking can be imparted immediately to every corner of the country [Applause] haha [Applause] [Music] in addition to the mobile film teams the people in the Communist era li await the arrival of the traveling medical teams from the city after spraying with disinfectant and setting up the curtain and operating room is built operations such as a caesarean section can be performed easily the traveling medical teams are composed of people from the medical schools who have responded to Chairman Mao's appeal the teams include specialists in internal medicine surgery gynecology ear nose and throat diseases pediatrics and Chinese medicine [Music] they visit each house where there is a sick person besides medical treatment their work covers a wide range including technical guidance for the commune hospital and education with regard to hygiene and family planning as well as political education in order to serve the peasants intellectuals who go into the countryside are expected to identify with the villagers and four basic respects these are to eat the same food to live in the same place to do the same work and to discuss things from the same standpoint the 52 year old head of the internal medicine department dr. Tong told the story of the Canadian doctor Norman Bethune who served the 8th route army during the anti-japanese war dr. ton said he devoted himself to serving the Chinese people and died in China we who are Chinese have still more responsibility to serve our people than he did the day when the medical team leaves the village [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] it was real winter when we turned again to her being weather in heart beam Chang one portion yang we encountered people reading wall newspapers in the cold when the temperature was 10 or 20 degrees below zero Fahrenheit [Applause] [Applause] in winter the Sun Gauri River becomes a land traffic route the winter job of boatman they told us that they preserve the cakes of ice until summer when they use them for refrigeration children's winter joy is sledding on the ice [Music] [Applause] [Music] the pond where the women of the Xingu commune used to wear clothes is covered by a thick layer of ice the temperature today is 4 degrees below zero relatively mild and easy to bear but such warm days cannot last [Music] [Music] 40 degrees below zero the great earth has cracked from the cold and dryness digging a well 200 wells are needed to meet the minimum requirements of the communal come what may they plan to dig at least 50 wells during the winter the fear of spring drought will not let the people rest rather the peasants have gained the conviction that relying on their own efforts they themselves could prevent a drought the soil mixed with night soil has frozen solid spread here and there over the fields when it melts in spring it will enrich the soil [Applause] what has become of the chemical fertilizer factory under construction the explanation of mr. Joe the factory head diva will miss Zhang Lihua to go Widow didn't do enough I am to go to the solution of eating machine tickets usual quota deferred on the New Year's Day target date for the completion of construction has been postponed by two months based on the spirit of self reliance can't we solve all the problems of mechanical equipment within heating province if we can do so it will diminish the burden of the national government and the equipment which it supplies could be sent to other places give that woman senior this region this task has been given to several factories in Keating problems these factories have never made equipment for chemical fertilizer factories before right now we are putting mechanical equipment which was made in our province through a trial run this is the first factory in our province to use the locally manufactured equipment the two months delay is nothing [Applause] there has been a big change in shing phu kham union since the onset of winter a tractor repair factory has been built at the factory instruction based on actual practice has begun the commune purchased all of the 37 tractors which it had rented from the state-owned tractor station taking three years for payment the driving repairing everything which had been done by the factor station technicians will now be done by the peasants themselves if they were to continue depending on specialists the peasants would never master the skills necessary for the mechanization of Agriculture a peasant who acquired technical skill through studying at a specialized factory in the city teaches his associates in turn the lecture has started yet the peasants Lodge at the repair factory for several days while attending the training course the leaders know that to strengthen the mechanical ability of the peasants who are not accustomed to handling machines there is no better instruction material than tractors themselves China in the villages among the peasants is laying the foundation for industrialization do come back and see the people's communes five years from now mr. Lu the head of the Communist ed [Music] the fusion coal mine the world's biggest open pit mine [Music] [Music] [Music] for about half a year from August 1966 to January 1967 we collected materials on the northeastern region of China we wanted to grasp the meaning of everything we encountered in its implication for China's future [Music] a man who had been working at the mind from the era of Japanese militarism took us to the site of the open-pit mine we felt that he was trying to avoid telling stories of the past to us Japanese as much as possible [Music] the gaping holes left by the short-sighted mining practices of the Japanese have weakened the minds foundations and left large sections unsuitable for further exploitation there are the remains of the disorderly mining of those days our guide told us [Music] under Japanese rule the Fuu should' and neighboring mines were operated as forced labor camps many workers died mainly of malnutrition the cemetery in Liao yuan to which we were taken named the graves of 10,000 people they are the graves of workers who were victims of Japanese militarism 10,000 people's graves means countless graves our guide said the first shift laborers are going down to the mining site the slogan which they see every morning reads although your body is in the mind think of your motherland in your hearts and keep your eyes upon the world [Applause] [Applause] [Applause] there are underground mines to infusion since the work is easier at the open pit mine the average age of the workers here is higher many of the workers at the open pit mine know about the past formal relations between Japan and China have not yet been restored we thought again of the fact that we have been travelling for half a year collecting material in a country whose diplomatic relations with ours have not yet been restored all over the Northeast we encountered red guards traveling on foot each group was undertaking a long lunch we questioned a red guard who came from Jammu Zoo she said I am 20 years old the youngest among us are 15 different schools we are comrades gathered from various schools let's see when we walked alive we covered over 35 miles a day we are going as far as a nun she told us in 1934 the Chinese communist base area in South China was surrounded by superior globe min dong forces breaking out of their encirclement the Chinese Red Army was successful in reaching Yun on in northeast China which became its base area during the war against Japan this was after a long and arduous journey covering some 6,000 miles this is the long march famous in the history of the Chinese Revolution the young people are trying to experience as their own experience the hardships endured by the soldiers at that time alongside the national highway there is a rest place for the Red Guards every 10 miles the shing fool people's commune which we had visited many times has recently supplied a house for the Red Guard travelers they can have as much food as they like for the equivalent in United States currency of less than four cents a meal when do you think you will arrive at your nan we asked to go on foot from John Moosa to Yanam and from there back to peking will take us about a year in two months we are sure we can make it chairman mao has told us be resolute fear no sacrifice and surmount every difficulty to win victory Mozza do you know what they carry are built chairman mao's works and propaganda leaflets they also carry castanets and flutes some carry harmonicas and violins as well [Music] one young red guard said at first I missed home and wanted to see mother's face but since this is a revolution I cannot pay attention to such things besides compared to the long march the Red Army carried out with enemies pursuing them what we are undertaking now is very easy [Music] the younger generation knows the war of liberation and the establishment of the People's Republic of China only as history Chairman Mao said to young people the world is yours as well as ours but in the last analysis it is yours the world belongs to you China's future belongs to you these young people are the response to Chairman Mao's words it goes without saying that any development in a nation which constitutes one-fourth of mankind will have a profound influence on tomorrow's world these young people impressed us greatly and we could not take our eyes off them [Music] [Applause] [Music]