Parts Of Speech

[Music] here we are at a baing beach on a warm summer day we could make up any number of sentences about the things we see and she and her friends are playing with it on the beach here is the sentence you just heard Sue has a gay striped ball and she and her friends are playing with it on the beach to help us see the different jobs the words in the sentence do let's take a picture of the game here is the picture and here are the words we used to describe it some of the words name things Sue ball Friends beach another word for naming Sue is she and another word for naming the ball is it some of the words modify other words giving us more information about them these are modifiers a gay striped ball her friends the beach other words connect words and she and her friends with it on the beach and the remaining words has and are playing tell about actions of course there are many things we could say about this beach scene using many different words even though there are hundreds of thousands of words in our our language there are only eight different jobs they do these eight jobs are done by what we call the parts of speech the eight parts of speech are nouns pronouns and adjectives verbs and adverbs prepositions conjunctions and interjections knowing the jobs the parts of speech do is important in learning to express yourself clearly we're going to see what each of those jobs is keep an eye on this dark strip at the bottom of the picture words will appear here to help you learn about the parts of speech here we are at the beach again we can use words that name things to help us tell what we see words that name something are called nouns here are some nouns Beach friend boys girls ball these words name things so does the word Sue that's the name of a person the words David and Fred each name a person too A noun is the part of speech that names a person place or thing so in our sentence these words that name things are the noun NS now instead of using nouns such as boys girls or friends we could simply say they or them words that take the place of nouns are called pronouns we are using pronouns when we refer to sue as she or her instead of the word ball we can use the pronoun it pronouns such as they they them she her and it are useful to help us avoid repeating nouns now we can show the pronouns in our sentence now with nouns and pronouns we can name the things we see here but sometimes we want to either modify or describe what we name words that do this are called adjectives let's use some adjectives Mike and Timmy can each be called a boy but Mike is a big boy and Timmy is a little boy the words big and little are adjectives they help describe the noun boy each of these can be called a towel but adjectives can show us how they are different this is a stripe towel this is a white towel and this is a gay towel the word gay like white and striped is used as an adjective we might say this ball or that ball the words this and that are used as adjectives adjectives help describe or modify a noun or pronoun the words the a and an because they modify nouns are also adjectives although they are sometimes called articles now we can show the adjectives in our sentence we can name and describe what we see using nouns pronouns and adjectives but what is happening on the beach verbs help us express what is happening what are these boys doing the boys are building the words are building are being used as a verb let's ask the question in another way what do the boys build they build a castle build tells what they do build is a verb in this sentence what is happening to the castle the castle is being built the words is being built are being used as a verb verbs show action in a sentence they show what nouns or pronouns are doing or what is being done to them but a verb can also show the state of being of a noun or pronoun in observing the water Tom thinks the water is clear the word is is being used as a verb it expresses a state or condition of being of the water the water is that is its state of being the adjective clear tells what the water is it seems cool the word seems is also being used as a verb expressing the state of being of the water the adjective cool tells what the water seems it feels refreshing feels is also a state of being verb the adjective refreshing tells how the water feels so you see verb can show either action or state of being now let's show the verbs in our sentence we modify verbs with a part of speech called adverbs we can use adverbs to help us describe the action of swimming in the race between Eddie and John Eddie is swimming and John is swimming but John is swimming rapidly rapidly is being used as an adverb how is John doing he is winning now now is an adverb both are racing here here is an adverb each of the adverbs in these sentences does a slightly different job for the verb it modifies John is swimming rapidly rapidly tells how John is swimming he is winning now now tells when he is winning both are racing here here tells where both are racing we've seen adverbs modifying verbs but adverbs may also modify adjectives and other adverbs for example take this sentence the sand is painfully hot painfully modifies the adjective hot painfully is being used as an adverb Ellen is running unusually fast unusually modifies the adverb fast so unusually is an adverb because of the job it does now let's go back to our original sentence and show the adverb in it remember we said that Sue has a gayy striped ball gayy is an adverb because it modifies the adjective striped but to tell what is about to happen in this scene we'll need another kind of word a word that belongs to the part of speech called prepositions prepositions join nouns and pronouns to other words in a sentence let's write a sentence describing this scene we'll use a noun Timmy a verb is sitting and another noun Roger of course we haven't fully expressed what is happening to show the relationship between the noun Roger and the verb is sitting we need the preposition on Timmy is sitting on Roger Roger thinks a friend of his should be more kind well in this sentence the word of is being used as a preposition it shows a relationship between the pronoun his and the noun friend let's show the prepositions in this sentence words that connect other words in a different way are called conjunctions conjunctions help us simplify what we say for example we could say Roger is going swimming his friends are going swimming too but it would be simpler to say Roger and his friends are going swimming the word and is used to join the nouns Roger and friends Roger won't go in the water is too cold these two sentences might have more meaning if we said Roger won't go in because the water is too cold the word because is used to join the two ideas Roger will either go in or be forced in the conjunctions either and or join the words go in to the words be forced in conjunctions are used to link words phrases or sentences the two ands in our first sentence are conjunctions now our sentence is complete and uses seven parts of speech but there is one more part of speech we haven't used let's take another look at Roger and his friends and see the use of interjections that help us express feelings wow the water is cold wow is an interjection it expresses strong feeling well it's not too bad well is an interjection that shows mild feeling and is used to introduce the sentence let's see if Fred can supply another interjection ouch so in sentences about the beach we have seen the work done by the parts of speech remember there are eight parts of speech you will need to understand all the parts of speech to communicate ideas clearly and accurately by means of language a