China on the March, Part 3

e [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] oh [Music] n [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] oh [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] for [Music] nah [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] The Flower Drum dance a folk dance of unwi Province performed by members of the Eastern section of the peaking Dan School [Music] he he [Applause] we now bid goodbye to Ping and leave for the northwest of China at chikia Chang we visited the martyr's Memorial Hall Dr kot's portrait hangs here along with other Heroes who died in the war against the Japanese we placed wreaths on the graves of Dr Norman Bethune a Canadian and Dr kotus Who were colleagues Dr kotus died in 1942 at the age of 32 [Music] this military hospital was started in 1938 Dr kotus became its director in 1939 our next halt was at loang Central China an old Cultural Center the entrance to the White Horse Temple which has a close link with India in the year 68 ad two Indian monks came here with Buddhist scriptures and Relics to spread the faith the central figure is the monk Kapa matanga and this is his grave in the temple grounds dharmaraksha the other Indian monk Tower of seven clouds built on the design of the Indian monks lyang is fast becoming industrially important the tractor plant number one is the largest in China the entire engine is made in the plant this plant was also set up with the help of Soviet [Music] Russia the loang ballbearing factory is another big plant which started full production in 1958 with Soviet Aid the following processes show the making of the outer casings of the bearings [Music] steel bars are cut in this machine and shaped into balls the balls are highly Polished in revolving drums they are then examined and defective on eliminated the Assembly of the bearings each bearing is tested here not far from loang are the famous lungman or Dragon Gate caves which attract many visitors the Great Buddha with Bodhi satwas and gods the open air funan or tribute to Heaven Temple was carved in the 7th Century [Music] ad the outer face of the Sandstone Hill is honeycombed with big and small Grotto Buddhas in miniature part of the cave of a thousand Buddhas the best preserved huge sculpture of the Buddha is in the temple of the underground [Music] Fountain the lungman caves are cut in the hill on either side of the Y River the Yellow River China's second largest is 3,000 Mi long and rises in Ching haai Province near Tibet about 100 Mil from loang at this point of the river is is the sanman gorge or Gorge of three gates a multi-purpose dam is being constructed here to prevent floods for irrigation navigation and power generation of a million kilowatt a most turbulent River it does incalculable damage each year [Music] huge cement concrete blocks dropped to obstruct the river high pressure hoses are used to loosen the Earth around the rocks and thus facilitate their removal the work on this concrete dam is partly mechanized when the dam is ready it will be 300 ft high and 2,700 ft long we were told that this project will cost 160 cror of [Music] rupees we visited was San another old cultural center now being modernized the people's mansion in reality a hotel for State guests and foreign tourists talking about tourists Shen chuang the famous Chinese monk traveler visited India in the 7th Century ad and carried back to Canan the Buddhist scriptures in bamboo frames on his back a lamp guided him through the night this Tower 64 M High commemorates the place where he translated the scriptures to help Shen Chong three monks came from India this one was named pkung by the Chinese A fitting tribute to shanang Great scholar traveler was this tomb built 12200 years ago round about Sean is a range of soft low Hills the natural caves have been utilized as human dwellings since Generations now they are being gradually evacuated as new accommodation is provided [Music] from Canan we flew to lancha in the Northwestern province of kanu the city of lancha is built on both sides of the Yellow River and is in the process of being highly industrialized a project for a forestation of these surrounding Earth Hills is underway to supply water for the construction of a new new bridge this huge water wheel was put up mud houses such as these are a common site in China which they say will be gradually replaced with new housing the lanchow oil refinery was in trial production when we visited it and it will be in regular production this year it will process annually a million tons of crude oil which comes from Yan oil wells about 300 M northwards at Sunrise the next day we flew to little known urumi capital of the vast sinkiang vigar autonomous region our destination in the extreme Northwest omomi once a small town is developing into a modern city with it Shopping Center theater University and Medical College with 500 [Music] students the population of sang is 6 million the great majority of whom are [Music] Muslims on a Friday we visited the oromi mosque and saw a few Muslims at prayer most of them were elderly people Muslims of various types such as wiar kazaks kirgis tajiks usbek and Tatar live in sang One of the traditional handicrafts of omomi is the making of embroidered caps worn by men and [Music] women an important local IND industry is the making of indigenous musical instruments of various [Music] types A very famous product of sinkiang since ages past is the honey sweet large desert melon which has no rival in the world sinkiang also grows very good quality grapes peaches and apples sang is mostly uninhabitable desert and scrub country a growing network of canals and waterways is giving new life to the land cotton is one of the major crops in the communes and is partly supplied to the local textile mill it is already the beginning of November and this late crop is being harvested to save it from heavy snowfalls which will start any day 20 M north of urumi is the five star people's commune everybody is busy threshing the wheat crop by manual and mechanized methods [Music] also has its native Style Iron and Steel furnaces here in the Hills they have hundreds of these small setups where 4,000 people from all walks of life come to put in their quota of work at the people's theater that evening we saw an excellent performance of songs and [Music] dances the melon dance [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Music] [Music] she's planting the seeds now [Music] plants are growing [Music] beautifully there is a storm she's frightened she covers the plants [Music] the storm is [Music] over she uncovers the PLS she is happy the fruit is [Music] ready she Taps the melon to see if it is [Music] ripe she tastes the fruit it is delicious [Music] the tambourine dance [Music] the red flower dance [Music] h [Music] oh [Music] a song My motherland [Music] [Music] [Applause] [Music] not far from urumi in the southern mountains is the East Wind people's commune the countryside here is wild and sparsely populated the main occup of the people is rearing of sheep and cattle it is already late Autumn and the trees and bushes are covered with [Music] frost the commune is made up of three Squad teams we visited the second squad team team comprising over 300 people they live in felt tents as they do on the grasslands of inner Mongolia the people are kazak Muslims of Mongolian origin unlike the weager Muslims who are of Arian stock the commune supplies food free but those camping away get rations and an additional allowance for fresh air and light the tent has an opening at the top which can be closed when it is cold the horse and the double humped camel are the only means of Transport [Music] here children learn to ride at an early age one of the main sports for enjoyment is horse racing men and women take part but no betting is [Music] allowed and over time sport is a woman Rider chasing her husband if she catches up with him she is the [Music] Boss look out a woman goes for a spill kazaks are a strong sturdy outdoor people it is cold here all year round and the fur cap is a necessary [Music] fashion even the goat wears a heavy coat [Music] from arumi we flew southwestwards to Chun King wartime capital of China Chun King is built on a series of hills and slopes large indoor stadiums like this have been built in all the big cities of China the people's Auditorium an imitation of the Temple of Heaven in piking which the Chinese themselves criticize as being too ostentatious from chuning we journeyed down the yangi Gorges by boat to Wuhan the triple City a voyage of 600 M took 2 and 1/2 days through fascinating country with a Great yangi River cutting through the mountains it is China's largest and most turbulent River 3,600 M long 10,000 Mi of the river and its tributaries are navigable at Wuhan is the recently built double decker bridge over the Yang SE River 70 ft wide and nearly 3/4 of a mile long it connects the three cities of Hanka wukang and hanyang into the triple city of Wuhan construction on this bridge made possible with the aid of Soviet engineers and experts is a major feat in engineering because of the great depth and tremendous velocity of the river here the Wuhan Iron and Steel company is China's second largest steel base next to Anan the plant has one blast furnace with a capacity of 1,500 tons of iron a day and three more are under construction it has eight Martin furnaces for steel This Modern plant plant was designed equipped and built by Soviet technicians mechanized unloading of wagons is a new innovation we were told that there will be six Coke furnaces of which two are at present working here is molten metal coming out of the blast furnace it is estimated that when the plant is in full production its annual output will be over 2 million tons of steel the next town we visited was hangchow on the West Lake a historic Beauty Spot and health resort surrounded by [Music] Hills the hangchow hotel has a fine situation overlooking the lake one of the oldest Buddhist temples in China is this Lin Yin Temple a huge statue of of mitria the coming Buddha was carved from camper wood in 1952 by the East China Fine Arts Institute hangcha is also known for its silk brocades and tapestry pictures the Looms though semi- mechanized use very intricate charts for weaving these [Music] tapestries the resulting tapestries both both in monotone and in color copies of paintings by famous artists have a photographic quality Autumn is crysanthemum time in China all big cities have flower shows to exhibit the many rare varieties colors and decorative Arrangements of these flowers hangchow is famous for its crysanthemum to the north of H Chow's Nanking famed for the magnific ient Tomb of the late Dr sunat sen he was responsible for the overthrow of the last of the Emperors in 1911 and established a democratic government unfortunately he died quite young in 1925 had he lived the history of modern China may have been quite different this is where his body rests the tomb commands a magnificent view of the park and surrounding Countryside 5 hours by train from Nan King is the great sea port of Shanghai on the Pacific the last City we visited this was once a big International port with most of the Western countries having foreign concessions in it they built here skyscrapers hotels and huge buildings to house their business and industries but Shanghai has expanded its Industries today and the value of the products manufactured here is is 20% of the total value of the entire production of China the Soviet friendship building here like the China Exhibition Center in ping is a gift from the [Music] USSR at the all China export trade exhibition is a permanent display of textiles textile Machinery x-ray equipments China wear porcelain and exquisite handicrafts the traditional Arts of China which had been neglected have been improved and organized into cooperatives Shanghai is also a big Film Production Center the scene being shot in the seagull Studio shows madame chenyi one of China's top Stars acting in the film red seeds she told us her salary was about 600 rupees a month and besides acting has to do manual work in the countryside in her Spare Time a park dedicated to the late Luan China's famous short story writer and novelist 1881 to 1936 this effective portrait is done in red and green garden [Music] hedging the Lan Museum contains exhibits of his life and writings luan's Works have been translated into several languages and his best known novel RQ the story of a boy in his pigtail was translated into Hindi and Udu by the late Muni premchand since women in China have to work equally hard as men the children are taken care of by the state in residential kindergartens and nurseries this is one of the nurseries in the workers colony in Shanghai though children are well looked after and disciplined they surely must miss the real affection which only parents can give judging from the way in which these little ones clung to us perfect strangers when we visited them [Music] of the China welfare Institute under the direction of Madam sunat senen is also a residential Institute and has 400 children from the ages of 3 to 7 it is mainly for the children of doctors educationalists artists and writers the charges are 23 Yan a month per child and the parents Supply the clothes in other words it is for the children of those who are comparatively better paid children receive education according to the directions of chairman Mai Tung and are trained on the socialistic basis we were [Music] told the Children's Palace in Shanghai is housed in one of the old palacial private homes with huge grounds about 2,000 children from the ages of 9 to 15 come here daily from different schools in their spare time to learn hobbies and play and relax those children who are gifted are encouraged in their particular aptitude an embroider [Music] CLA CLA and radio mechanics here they learn to make Iron and Steel ballet [Music] dancing a dance performance by the children this is the turnip dance a theme now familiar amongst children all over China a child is trying to pull out a huge turnip in the garden but [Music] fails she calls two friends to help but they too [Music] fail more children join [Music] they pull hard at first they [Music] fail they put in more effort [Music] and finally succeed the theme teaches the concept of collectivism and the slogan use all efforts to achieve results [Music] a puppet sh tells the story of Leu and his two brothers Leu is unjustly accused of theft and the guard is asked to arrest him and take him forcibly to jail but Leu though small is stronger than the god he has a firm grip on the guard in lifting the head heavy bully throws him in the [Music] river but Leo is ready to tackle [Music] anybody the poor Clark meets with the same fate as the god there he goes [Music] the Le Brothers come to Le's help a violent struggle ensues and the hated landlord goes to his watery grave now that the villain is dead the world is Happy including the animals [Music] Lotus dance performance by the Shanghai workers dance and dramatic group this effect of roller skating is got by gliding on the [Music] [Music] feet e [Music] [Music] [Music] lion dance he [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Music] oh [Music] oh [Music] at Shanghai we said goodbye to Our Kind hosts we had toured 12,000 miles in 3 months through this vast country seeing China on the March you [Music]