Canada: The Industrial Provinces (1958)

[Music] in 1858 Queen Victoria named Ottawa Ontario as Canada's new capital the choice was a good one for Ottawa lies on the border between Canada's two most populous provinces yet the very towers of the Parliament building broke out toward a vast northern region that is still largely unpopulated Canada is the second-largest country in the world an area but because of climate and land structure 90% of its people there within 200 miles of the United States border surrounding Hudson Bay and covering one third of the country is a huge formation of ancient rock called the Canadian Shield it is unsuited for farming but includes a broad forest belt rich in timber and minerals beyond this is a northern Tundra of barren wasteland politically Canada's divided the ten provinces similar to States in the united states and two territories which are federally administered more than half of cannabis people live in Quebec and Ontario the major industrial provinces by far the greater part of their area is occupied by the Shield and hence is sparsely settled most of the population is concentrated in the southern regions where there is rich farmland here two are the region's major industrial cities the reason is served by one of the world's great waterways the st. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes from which it flows Montreal in the province of Quebec is Canada's largest city and a major world port the city was originally settled by the French as was all of Quebec province and the people still retain the French language and many French customs kravec city is the capital of Quebec province Ontario on the other hand was pioneered by British and American settlers its capital city Toronto is Canada's second largest city the cities are served by a rich agricultural region in Quebec many long narrow farms from the Saint Lawrence River they have been divided among sons of the owners for generations according to old French custom hay and clover for livestock are major crops in both Quebec and Ontario with oats a close second most of the farms in both provinces however are highly mechanized they do not devote large acreage to any one property the farms usually are mixed farms which grow many kinds of crops including to battle vegetables and fruits Canada's most important dairy farming area is in this region together we're back in Ontario produce more milk butter and cheese than all the rest of Canada most of the agricultural products of Quebec are marketed through cooperative associations run jointly by the farmers there are also large wholesale produce centers in the cities of both provinces north of the farm belt lies the Canadian Shield whose rugged hills rocky soil and cold climates defy agriculture and resist man's effort to settle there and yet there is immense wealth in its vast forests and its abundant mineral [Music] they push the Canadians call the forest is an ever-present factor in Canadian life [Applause] cut lumber is a major product of the region it is produced in hundreds of sawmills scattered throughout the area some small and some very large another important cause product is plywood then sheets of wood are shaved selectively bombs when the logs become rounded the wood comes off in long sheets these are glued together in layers with a grain running in alternate direction a new product of the region is wall board made from sawdust and other formerly wasted materials the largest single cross product is public supply the great paper nose of the region for back in Ontario lead the other provinces of Canada on this industry it is one of Canada's most important from the world point of view since Canada as a whole applies more than half of the world after the logs of thoroughly watch to remove the bark they are ready to be ground to pulp which is the raw material from which paper is made almost 90% of the newsprint used in the United States is made in Canada or comes from Canadian pulp wood mostly from Ontario and Quebec the industrial provinces are rich in minerals Ontario is the world's largest producer of nickel it is found in Northern Ontario together with copper copper is found at Quebec to whether it was also the world's largest deposit of asbestos other minerals include gold silver cobalt uranium and great iron ore deposits are being developed there are a few - that is the Canadian Shield like Sudbury Ontario for those who work in the mines and the smelters here you see melted gold being poured into molds at Timmins Ontario the gold is found there together with silver for many years Quebec has been the world's leading producer of asbestos it is found on the pure state in the tempered mine south of Quebec City after processing it is manufactured into insulating materials and products such as soil pipe automobile brake linings asbestos shingles and fireproof clothing Ontario has iron and steel mills at Hamilton and a to Saint Marie most of the ore comes by both from the Lake Superior mind from iron steel is made in open hearth furnaces which are emptied or tapped by removing a clay dam of the open heart some of this deal goes into farm machinery produced in Ontario many machines are shipped to Canada's prairie provinces a large automobile manufacturing industry is concentrated in southern Ontario most of the automobiles bear the same names as those made of the United States and the companies are closely associated industrial Canada is the scene of much meatpacking an addition to home consumption Canadian breast meat finds a ready market in England and Canadian Hammond bacon are world famous for their quality an important textile industry lies mainly in Quebec Gotham is gradually giving way to rayon manufactured in the region in connection with the wood pulp industry many of the workers came originally from the nearby farms the fur industry is the oldest industry of Canada and many animals are still trapped in the north the pelts are sent to Montreal for the fur auction which is a worldwide importance 87 times the far back many of the furs are shipped for Montreal to London and New York since World War two airplane manufacturer even centered Montreal Toronto and the shipyards in Lausanne Quebec have been very active these yards turn out small warships icebreakers and cargo vessels in Sonya north of Detroit is a fast-growing oil refining industry using oil from fields recently discovered in Canada's prairie provinces this oil is also the basic raw material for synthetic rubber and chemicals produced in Sanya in the northern Quebec town of Abita is a large aluminum industry in a region for subtle less of a century ago for agriculture and lumbering further evidence of the dynamic nature of canada's fast-growing industry aluminum and other industries depend on power all those are removed from coal fields the industrial provinces have abundant low-cost hydroelectric power Rebekah's Canada's leading producer of hydroelectric power an Ontario ranked second in addition the st. Lawrence was a major artery of Transportation Montreal marks the rivers farthest inland natural course originally ships were holders of Montreal by Rapids which early explorers named for sheep this is the French name for China the land they hope to find beyond the rapids of the st. Lawrence Niagara Falls blocked shipping between Lake Ontario and the other Great Lakes these and other barriers have since been bypassed by a system of canals and channels which permit ships to travel more than 2,700 miles inland to the western end of Lake Superior the International locks to Sainte Marie open the passage between Lake Superior and Lake Europe the Welland Canal bypasses Niagara Falls and in the upper st. Lawrence were several canals which today are replaced by new locks and dams and a vast construction program called the st. Lawrence Seaway the st. Lawrence Seaway entire development program is international undertaking shared jointly by the United States and Canada its purpose is to permit larger ocean-going vessels to reach Canadian and United States ports on the Great Lakes in addition the huge power dams greatly increase the available hydroelectric power [Music] the industrial provinces are also centers for Canada's two great transcontinental railway systems these are the government-owned Canadian National Railways Canada's largest public utility and the privately owned Canadian Pacific Railway Company air transportation is also provided largely by a government-owned company the TransCanada Airlines Toronto Montreal have become great centers of air travel with many ports and a great Inland Waterway the industrial provinces are Canada's greatest trading region most of the world's nickel an disgust has come from this region as well as many other minerals but the major exports are newsprint and other forest products the United States is by far Canada's leading trading partner large amounts of wheat are shipped to Montreal from Western Canada and then exported to England from other countries dairy products and meats are also exported major imports include machinery and automobiles petroleum and coal raw cotton bauxite the ore from which aluminium is made and various products of warmer climates the industrial provinces will help make Canada one of the world's great trading nations the historic fort which marks the original site of Toronto symbolizes Canada's continuing ties with its British traditions these have been enriched by the French traditions of Quebec whose famous hotel Chateau Frontenac looks down on quite narrow streets and a people who have maintained their French character for many generations today Canada is a bilingual nation English and French are both official languages rebecc-- is mostly Catholic while Ontario is mostly Protestant both provinces have fine educational facilities including the University of Montreal world-famous McGill University also a Montreal and the important University of Toronto Canada's capital symbolizes the union of French and English traditions for it is located on the border between Ontario and Quebec behind it is the ever-present Canadian Shield of glass of rich frontier which has done much to shape the characters and economy of Canada's industrial provinces [Music] [Applause]