AV Geeks Lunch 6-23

so hello everybody i'm skip alzheimer and welcome to the 80 geeks lunchtime streaming show live from raleigh north carolina at the av geeks archive um things look a little bit different here there's the there's the telecini right there all right we kind of slip things around a little bit um to make it a little bit easier and not so uh squished i tend to like to pile stuff around me so that i have like a cocoon of equipment and uh it doesn't always work out well so uh that's what we're doing uh so that was that last film was we go to school and it's uh a role so what it is is it was a bunch of scenes kind of that they used in the final film that they kind of spliced together um so that they could make a negative from it and uh etc so that's what that was um it was silent um and you can tell with beautiful kodachrome footage that they shot uh it's original camera footage so really stunningly crisp and beautiful uh this next home is about fallout and it's not so beautiful enjoy a nuclear burst is frequently thought of as totally apart from conventional weapons but what is it that sets it apart heat no the degree of heat is greater but there is a heat factor in conventional weapons too blast again much greater in degree but also found in conventional weapons the one totally different factor in a nuclear burst is radioactive fallout the effects from fallout of a nuclear explosion range far beyond the effects of heat and blast the hazards from fallout can extend for hundreds of miles from ground zero and continue for days or weeks it is the story of radioactive fallout resulting from a nuclear surface burst that this film will tell within the fireball of a nuclear burst the temperature and pressure are so high that everything in the fireball is vaporized including the radioactive beta and gamma emitting fission products in a surface burst large quantities of dirt and debris are drawn into the cloud at early times this debris mixes with the vaporized fission products during the initial phases of cloud formation and growth as cool air is drawn into the fireball and much of the heat energy is emitted as thermal radiation the cloud cools when sufficient cooling has occurred the vaporized radioactive fission products shown here as hollow circles begin to condense on the dirt and debris particles in the cloud as this condensation occurs fallout particles are formed some of the particles are the size of grains of sand others are microscopic all of them are not radioactive but those that are emit nuclear radiation it is exposure to this penetrating radiation that can cause sickness and even death these fallout particles inhabit the entire cloud a cloud that may tower to heights of over one hundred thousand feet there are variations in the size shape radioactive content and final height that the particles reach but for all surface bursts some generalities do apply about 10 percent of the radioactive materials are in the stem the remaining 90 percent are in the cloud proper the mushroom head those particles at the top of the cloud contribute to delayed fallout they remain in the stratosphere for long periods of time and disperse over much of the world however it is the early fallout that produces the major survival problem this fallout contains most of the radioactive particles produced by the bomb these particles fall to earth up to several hundred miles from ground zero in dangerously heavy concentrations one of the factors that determines how the particles will deposit on the ground is the size shape and density of the particles themselves the larger heavier particles will deposit close to ground zero on the other hand the lighter smaller particles disperse more widely they may take hours to descend and in that time winds may carry them hundreds of miles from ground zero fallout deposition is also affected by the altitude of the particles in the cloud although the smaller particles are found predominantly at the top of the cloud and the larger ones predominantly at the base there are no strict boundary lines large and small particles do occur at all altitudes within the cloud all factors being equal the higher particles will be carried further and so will disperse more widely than the lower ones another important factor determining the area covered by appreciable fallout as well as its distribution within that area is the integrated wind pattern from the top of the cloud to the ground here we're using just the slice of the mushroom cloud for illustration direction and speed of the wind at cloud level will influence the motion and extent of the cloud itself the winds at lower altitudes can cause the fallout particles to drift one way then another while they descend to earth under actual nuclear detonation conditions all of the factors we've mentioned interrelate to produce a highly irregular pattern areas of heavy fallout may appear some distance from ground zero just as light fallout zones may appear in close precipitation rain snow or hail will bring down an increased number of fallout particles as the cloud passes through it causing hot spots which are areas of much higher dose rates than in the immediate surroundings additional patterns from other blasts may well move in and overlap as shown in the highlighted portions here adding still further to the complexity this irregular pattern is difficult to reproduce in training exercises consequently stylized symmetrical fallout patterns are commonly used for illustration purposes even though they're rarely found after actual nuclear bursts these stylized patterns are useful in showing general principles or for estimating the overall effect of fallout from a large-scale attack we have trace fallout from its formation to its silent deposition on the ground this is the first step in understanding the problems associated with fallout and so will better enable us to take protective measures for our survival thank you uh uh it was army or is that civil defense i suddenly or department of defense i think it was department of defense um wow paid attention and then just blanked on it uh so yeah i have a lot of civil defense films that i've gotten from north carolina's department of human resources and then also from the texas department of public safety um and did a big push to digitize a bunch of them so i have lots and lots that have been showing and then some that i will still be showing um wow where are we going oh yeah so i spoke about uh the telecini all right if i step this way then i can do this all right that's that's what i learned all right so this is what i use transfer films 60 millimeter films live and this gives me an opportunity since i'm back at the archive to go in and just go to the back and pull some films that i have not seen at all and so this is an example of this and it's pretty great uh it uh on the film can somebody wrote um snakes et cetera but this is uh snake scorpions and spiders so um enjoy and spiders three groups of animals that are despised or feared by most people each spring snakes emerge by the hundreds from their overwintering dens or hibernaculums garter snakes are harmless but rattlesnakes are highly poisonous and feared bull snakes are large and impressive and often share wintering dens and emerging areas with rattlesnakes ordinarily these snakes are not so friendly to one another shortly after emerging male garter snakes court the females many males caught one female before dispersing for the summer they will mate like garter snakes bull snakes and rattlesnakes will mate before dispersing to summer feeding grounds which may be 20 or 30 kilometers away though garter snakes appear to be well camouflaged within the grasses some of them are caught and eaten by hawks and even by burrowing owls [Music] larger rattlesnakes coil quickly at the slightest danger their tongue is sensitive to vibrations and smells and is used mainly to follow scent trails of prey rattlesnakes often hunt at night they use special heat sensors to locate prey in total darkness rattlesnakes kill their prey with poison after being struck the prey dies almost instantly before they swallow rattlesnakes check the prey to make sure it's dead snakes prey heavily on rodents like ground squirrels and mice snakes do not have hinged jaws so they can swallow their prey whole head and first for a snake and prey of this size it takes about 10 to 15 minutes to complete the swallowing gradually the body of the prey works its way down inside the snake digestion takes about three days by early august young rattlesnakes are born alive they have no rattle only a button-like tip young rattlesnakes become lighter colored when they shed their skin and they will not be able to rattle until they have shed their skin twice the young will stay with the mother for several weeks she protects them but does not feed them they will have to find their own food occasionally young snakes misjudge the size of their prey and after exhausting themselves have to regurgitate by early fall most of the snakes will be returning to the hibernaculums in the river valleys and coolies a snake can probably move two to three kilometers a day on land snakes move forward by both body movement and by moving the scales in their belly snakes are also excellent swimmers and use the whole side of their body to propel themselves river valleys and coolies also provide shelter for the much-feared scorpions scorpions are one of the oldest land animals and are known from fossils over million years old scorpions are nocturnal animals that find shelter under rocks and in deep cracks in the soil those scorpions have up to 12 eyes they can see only light and dark however on their underside they have other specialized sensing organs they have eight legs like spiders scorpions use the poisonous stinger to kill prey and like spiders scorpions feed only on liquids the pinchers are used to hold the prey and also to tear it apart in order to get at the soft wet tissues inside the prey is abandoned when all the wet tissues are eaten scorpions live in constant danger of being found and eaten by ants scorpions have no protection against ants in late summer after they have hatched baby scorpions are placed on top of the mother and she protects them from predators scorpions are capable of moving very quickly when they have to either from the sun or from ants with the lack of trees on the prairies spiders webs seem to be non-existent they are there however camouflaged among the grasses and bushes and spread out over the entrances to animal burrows most spider activity on the prairies occurs from the ground up to about 30 centimeters a very narrow band in comparison to forested areas the banded garden spider copes with predation by birds in a special way by shaking violently in the web [Music] when it does this it cannot be seen easily and usually escapes predators with incredible speed the banded garden spider catches prey that fall onto the web it wraps the prey in silk gives it a quick bite to paralyze it then retreats back to the center of the web wolf spiders are active running spiders they chase and catch prey unlike most spiders they have three-dimensional vision like scorpions female wolf spiders carry their babies on their back jumping spiders are short often very hairy spiders they can make jumps of up to five times their body length a female jumping spider will lay up to a hundred eggs in a silken tube and will guard the eggs and young with her life most spiders have eight eyes however only wolf spiders and jumping spiders have three-dimensional vision crab spiders are masters of camouflage they can be completely invisible in flowers on the ground or even among the spines on the cactus plant some crab spiders are yellow and hide in the flowers of the goldenrod plants from april to late summer the webs of black widow spiders can be found in or near the entrances to abandoned ground squirrel or badger holes the webs appear to be a tangled mess but they're actually made with an intricate design some but not all black widow females have the typical red hourglass spot on their stomach female black widow spiders are shiny black but the males are pale and multicolored they're also much smaller than the females as with many spiders the female will often eat the male after mating this is one of nature's ways of recycling organic material as the female guards her egg sacks an insect is caught in the web gradually she moves in closely and with help from her hind legs throws very sticky silk onto the insect which eventually ceases struggling the female is almost invisible with a dark background black widows are one of the most poisonous animals in the world female black widows may make from two to four egg sacs each of which may contain over 200 eggs to keep the eggs warm she relocates them so they remain in the sun she will guard the eggs and the young will emerge 12 to 15 days later young black widows like the males are not black of hundreds that hatch only a few survive to the next generation all of these animals snakes scorpions and spiders play a vital role in the short grass prairie they are part of the balance of nature all are predators that feed heavily on pests like rodents and grasshoppers even though despised all are beneficial to man they are an integral part of the short grass prairie [Music] [Music] i haven't seen that filmmaker before um so i don't know i mean this is the great thing about exploring this is uh getting to see films that i haven't seen but i like that they kind of like took all the the creepy animals and squeezed them together into one film it's like go ahead we'll just put them all together everybody uh can freak out um and i guess because they're venom some of them can be venomous uh what do we want to watch so many things so many options here uh let's see yeah we'll do this um this film is uh what to do when you're suddenly in command of a boat like the whoever owns the boat has died or fallen off overboard so now what do you do this must have been a uh you know for a film like this to exist that must have been a problem um that somebody felt like you know what we need to address this because we have a lot of people who are stuck on boats panicking and um so i don't know who they would show this to um you know given that most people who are required to see things like if they had to get a license for their boat would be the person who owns the boat and not the passengers of the boat so this is a hard audience to peg um but i appreciate having the film anyways i love niche films like this hey thanks william for the coffee by the way uh you can support av geeks and our mission easily by just buying us coffee uh sometimes we will use this money not to buy coffee but to also buy things like extension cords or uh an obscure uh video computer video uh adapter which is what i'm going to do after the show today is go and get those uh um i need coffee obviously um so some of it will be put on top uh buy those uh extension cord uh power strips that look like squids that have like five connectors that come off of it um or six connectors because we have a lot of what we call wall warts which are um little power adapters that basically take up three uh uh outlets uh making it impossible to to use so those the squids they splinter off so you could have separate ones in there anyways more than you probably want to know here's suddenly in command [Music] [Music] uh are you okay dad [Music] [Music] boating is a great american summer pastime and it's a lot of fun but there are a lot of no fun things that can happen out there on the water going out in a boat without knowing anything about it is like jumping into deep water before learning to swim but you say your friend who owns the boat knows what he's doing he takes off in his boat every weekend has for years you just want to relax well don't get too comfortable what if he falls overboard or gets sick you should know the basics of how to run the boat how to use emergency equipment what to do in case of trouble a skipper is usually proud of his boat and will tell you about it at the drop of a nautical term he wants you to know how it works he should insist on it modern power boats have two basic types of motors this one is called an outboard if it doesn't have an engine hanging on the transom it is an inboard or inboard outboard sometimes called a stern drive these two types have the engine inside the boat in a closed compartment electric start boats of this size are operated much like an automobile but the throttle and the gear shift are combined into this single lever control mounted there also are the choke the key starter and a fast warm-up lever if it's an outboard when this handle is straight up the gears are in neutral you squeeze a release lock under the grip to move the lever forward or backward it is simpler than shifting a car because there are only three gear positions forward neutral and reverse when you push the lever forward the gear engages and the boat moves forward since it is also the throttle the farther you push it the faster the boat goes when you pull it back the reverse gear engages and the boat starts to move backward but don't back up too fast the square stern will push water up over the back of the boat most controls have an interlock so that the engine will not start except in neutral straight up to start the engine turn the key switch like you do in your car if the boat has been sitting a while and the engine is cold it may be necessary to use the warm-up lever and the choke the choke is generally a button or a toggle switch located on the control operate the choke while turning the key until the engine starts then release both the button and the key they will return automatically to their normal positions you're now ready to drive the boat the boat has a steering wheel and a seat like a car but there are no pedals on the floor no brake for example the main thing to remember is that a boat is steered from the back rather than the front on an outboard or stern drive the propeller thrusts the back end of the boat around to turn the boat in the direction you want to go the steering difference between a boat and an auto is not too noticeable except in docking in getting underway and at low speeds if the boat is an inboard or stern drive locate and operate the engine compartment blower switch before starting the engine this exhausts any fumes that might have collected and reduces the explosion hazard other things to locate before starting out are the personal flotation devices called pfds there must be a wearable pfd for each person aboard a boat 16 feet or longer in addition there must be at least one throwable device such as a cushion it is a good idea to wear a pfd at all times in an emergency there often isn't time to put one on locate the fire extinguisher and know how to use it make sure there's a throw line such as a ski tow rope a first aid kit these should be on every boat along with a paddle and an anchor now that this group has been properly briefed let's not forget the two fishermen we saw at the beginning of this film here lay down on the bottom of the boat what's the matter dad i don't know i feel like i'm gonna fight what do you want me to do we better try and get back to shore and see if we can find a doctor's oh wait a minute we got to get the anchor up here maybe i can no you lay still i'll get it oh wait now i don't stand up when you start the motor small powered boats generally have a small motor similar to this one with a rope start about like a home lawnmower never stand to pull the rope if the motor has been left in gear or the expected compression isn't there you can lose your balance and fall overboard the gear shift lever is on the housing be sure it's in neutral gear the middle position about straight up before attempting to start the motor most of the other controls are on the tiller the handle used to steer the boat at the end of the handle there is a twist grip turn this grip until it is in the position marked start then pull on the rope starter cord if it doesn't start readily use the choke and continue to pull the rope when the motor is running look around to see which direction you want to go and move the tiller in the opposite direction then turn the throttle back to shift put it in gear by moving the handle forward or backward and gently twist the throttle to start moving the farther you turn it the faster the boat goes but in an emergency like this get to the nearest shore where you see a cottage dock or signs of people that can give you help when you reach the shore stop the motor by turning the twist grip to stop and pushing the button that kills the engine but what do you do if you're left alone in a driverless boat running wild of course he probably wouldn't have been thrown out if he were sitting in his seat the first thing to do is don't panic get to the driver's position as quickly as possible turn the key to shut off the motor like a wild automobile the first objective is to stop it survey the situation quickly and keep in mind that the urgent need is to get to the person in the water as quickly as possible start the motor shift to forward and turn the boat toward the person in the water always approach from downwind that is with the wind in your face approaching from upwind might cause the boat to drift over the victim even after the motor is stopped approach the person overboard slowly and stop the engine by turning the key if he is not wearing a pfd he may be exhausted from trying to stay afloat the first thing to do is to throw him a floatation cushion get the device as close to him as possible throw him a line coil it and heave it the weight of the coil will help carry it unwinding as it goes when he has grasped the rope pull in slowly toward the boat unless the rescuer is exceptionally strong it may be impossible to get the person inside the boat if he is unable to help try to get a pfd on him but if you can't manage that loop a rope around under his arms and fasten it to the boat this will give him a chance to rest all you can do now is signal for assistance but first anchor the boat lower the anchor over the side don't toss it making sure the line is attached to the boat these are the things to look for to signal for help a mirror a mirror can be seen a long way on a sunny day with a bright cloth raising and lowering both arms extended from the body don't wave you may only get a friendly wave in reply if it is night a flashlight is good for flashing sos three short flashes followed by three longer flashes followed by three short flashes flares are also used but they can be very dangerous hold it away from your body and over the downwind side of the boat never light it around gasoline cb radios are often found in boats these days turn the volume control to on channel 9 is the emergency channel turn to this number on the dial and squeeze the mic talk into the microphone and say this is an emergency come back release the mic button and listen for a response then repeat if it is a marine radio turn to channel 16. these channels are monitored by many individuals and government organizations but you may not find any of these and the best thing to use is what comes naturally grab the brightest cloth you can find pfd sweater towel whatever move your arms up and down repeatedly if you see or hear people and think you are not being noticed sound the boat's horn continuously all boats of 16 feet or more are required by law to have a whistle [Music] voters are great people and the good ones know and respond immediately to distress signals hopefully you'll never have to use them just remember these basics and happy boating [Music] thank you technosonic studios for that great film um yeah here's another cautionary film um that i haven't i don't have a reference to uh having shown this in the past but it's a safety film and it has a really awesome beginning so here's hazards around bins and hoppers the rise in the accident frequency rate of various mining and milling operations in recent years has led mining safety officials to take a closer look at the industry to determine the causes behind this increase [Music] [Music] [Music] yes [Music] [Music] oh [Music] ah [Music] so [Music] materials in bins and hoppers tend to feed from the center depending upon the type of material and other conditions such as dampness it may bridge leaving a hollow place anyone on top of the pile could cause a cave-in and a fatality in other cases again depending upon the material and conditions the material may hang up around the sides of the enclosure the material could at any moment break free anyone caught inside trying to relieve the hang-up could possibly be buried oversized materials too may bridge or hang up ideally this oversized material may be broken up with machinery so that no work would have to put themselves into a dangerous situation a large rock may also hang up in the crusher [Music] again the best method to overcome the problem is to use machinery a grappling hook enables the operator to dislodge the material without exposing himself to the powerful grinding action of the crusher despite the fact that many surface mining and milling operations are automated and remotely controlled and that machinery may be used to overcome the problems of hang-ups and bridging there are times when men must do the work themselves thereby exposing themselves to dangerous or hazardous situations whatever your job with the handling transporting and storage of loose materials and ores you should know the safe procedures for breaking loose or freeing hung up and bridged over materials the first and one of the most important steps is to cut off the power to the machinery stopping the flow of materials and locking out the supply and discharge equipment never work alone when exposing yourself to a hazardous situation if there's a chance of falling you must wear a safety belt attached to a safety line and the line must be snubbed securely and attended by a second person is that too tight knock down any material that could possibly fall onto you before you enter the dangerous area the safety line must be kept reasonably taut at all times allowing proper slack while the bin is being entered but kept the proper length to prevent you from being engulfed if the bridged material collapses or caves in let's put it out and around your ladder the second person must be in a safe position and capable of rendering assistance if required give me a little more slack okay dan is that enough okay the federal mine safety and health act of 1977 specifies that no employee shall be assigned or allowed or be required to perform work alone in any area where hazardous conditions exist that would endanger his safety unless he can communicate with others can be heard or can be seen okay yeah okay i'm coming up now only after cleanup repair or maintenance work has been completed and the workers are safely out of the way may the equipment be restarted warning devices such as horns sirens or loudspeakers must be used to alert all personnel that the equipment is to be restarted and that normal operations are to be [Music] resumed we must stress again to all personnel no matter what your job is the importance of following strict safety procedures when working around the various kinds of bins and hoppers used in a mining and milling operation particularly where there is a chance of being buried by loose material contrary to what many people believe you do not have to be completely buried in order to suffocate and die when weight and pressure of loose material such as sand compresses a person's chest death can occur from heart failure due to pulmonary congestion every time you exhale or with each additional breath your chest cavity narrows and the surrounding material presses in squeezing and compressing your lungs and heart tighter and tighter until you can no longer breathe in addition to men intentionally entering bins and hoppers to relieve bridged materials there are other potentially dangerous situations and activities around any mining and milling operation trips slips and falls are always potential sources of injuries and fatalities openings to materials handling and storage facilities can often be guarded with access covers and doors to prevent falls and possible entrapment to be effective these doors and access covers must be kept closed and latched or locked to prevent entry either unauthorized or accidental hazardous work areas can be found around open bins or hoppers having platforms travel ways or elevated catwalks from which men may fall hazardous areas such as this should be protected by railings barriers or barred grizzlies or you must attach a safety line of the proper length before starting work [Music] all elevated walkways stairways and working platforms throughout the mill should have guardrails or similar barriers to protect workmen and materials from falling and of course walkways should be kept clean and unobstructed all openings leading to a hazardous area or dangerous drop must be kept guarded [Music] you must exercise caution around moving machinery used in a mining and milling operation especially around the many conveyors that supply and discharge from bins hoppers and storage piles extreme precautions must be taken around drive head and tail pulleys and other pinch points between pulleys and belts work on and around new construction should also be performed with caution the greater size and complexity of new constructions may introduce new danger areas [Music] [Applause] i want to be careful walking here we sure don't want an accident on the first day new employees or employees who are assigned to new jobs should be made familiar with the facilities in their new work environment a few of the hazards that do exist and ways to keep them getting into trouble we'll stop here a minute why why does this stockpile here where does it go from here what do they do with it well the reason for the large power and be instructed on the possible dangers and the safety precautions that they must take and draw it off when the conveyor belt is from running is it all right to get up on the mountain absolutely not bernar there's no way that you went up on that pile there's a couple reasons why you see uh when it comes to a cone and there's several places around the side and that there is an inner pile which sinks in as the conveyor which is under the pile draws the material down and carries it away this draw point around the perimeter is a very dangerous area and at the base of the pile there is a constant danger of being hit by falling rocks to be safe stay away [Music] sometimes depending upon the material a surge pile will draw from the center straight down leaving an inverted cone or funnel to be safe stay off of all surge piles [Music] from the quarry to the final destination materials handling is almost all done with machinery automation and efficiency are on the increase [Music] the operators of front-end loaders trucks conveyor belts and hoppers are the workers who come closest to the material under normal operations [Music] bins and hoppers and other storage facilities are often equipped with devices such as vibrators grappling hooks and mechanical diggers to avoid delays in the flow of materials but there are still times when workers with simple tools have to do the work by hand [Music] you may have to relieve a bridge or a hang up or clean or inspect bins and hoppers whatever work you are doing remember these points when material must be barred loose a long enough bar must be used and the worker must be in a safe location start at the top and work down knocking down all of the material that could fall onto yourself before you enter when entering a bin or hopper a second person must be standing by with you safety belts and safety lines must be used hang-ups should never be approached from beneath [Music] no matter how much safer mining equipment is designed or how many additional stricter safety laws are passed it is up to you and every individual minor to stay healthy and safe on the job it is your responsibility to learn from the safety training provided and then put this knowledge to work by following safe working practices in all phases of your job you must be constantly alert be able to recognize a dangerous situation use caution do not endanger yourself by getting into a hazardous position and most importantly put safety uppermost in your mind think safety and you will act safely [Music] i can check that gear in a minute so don't touch anything okay [Music] hey get down from there now what if it bumped that control by accident you'd be mincemeat by now what have i told you you don't work on equipment when the engine's running well i told them not to touch anything all right i guess i wasn't thinking you weren't thinking you mean you'll work on engines and machinery and not think of your own personal safety here shake hands with danger shake hands with danger meet a man you ought to know i used to laugh at safety now they call me three finger joe i was young and feisty never did things by the book just let me get my tool box and i'll take myself a look i climbed up on a dozier [Music] i used to laugh at safety now they call me three finger joe although i learned a lesson i forgot it soon enough the knicks burns and scratches showed the young ones i was tough till another morning i was grinding on some steel my other hand got careless and fed my skin into the wheel hands with danger step right up and say hello grinding wheels and metal are what made me three [Music] fingers seen mechanics burning and i've seen them take a fall just to save themselves a minute i've seen them lose it all i've watched them caught in trouble seen them take a chance and lose they get careless for a moment and spend a lifetime with the blues [Applause] [Music] she [Music] cheers [Music] oh [Music] inside [Music] yeah shake hands with danger and some friends i used to know compared to them i'm lucky to be just three finger joes [Laughter] oh eight seven six okay so i noticed that i have not hit the little icon um so thanks for tuning in we'll be back again tomorrow um i'm gonna get some coffee obviously everybody take care eight seven six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six five four three