AV Geeks Lunch 6-22-2023

foreign hello everybody I'm skip Alzheimer welcome to the AV Geeks lunchtime streaming show or we watch old 16 millimeter films and that one the title let me mute this the title uh people who live through industry like is it comparing and contrasting uh people that live in rural settings versus Urban settings I I'm not sure it might just be a hodgepodge of footage that they had that they kind of brought together and decided to show I I don't know there's this doesn't come with notes this was a film that came from the Mogul Brothers Library which ultimately was in the Oregon archive in Pittsburgh and we scanned it for them so uh uh let's see what do we got next this one is got sound and color and is a little bit more self-explanatory this is Korea Rich Heritage more land of morning calm enjoy [Music] [Music] [Music] [Music] thank you [Music] foreign [Music] in the Western World I would be known as sanjin Lee but in Korea my family name comes first and it is most important to me it says to me and to others that my family is directly descended from the ancient Kings of the E Dynasty there are only about 200 family names in my country so millions of families named Lee but not all related to mine there is a book in our family which records the names of family members going back some 800 years we attach great importance to our family and to continuing the work left by our ancestors [Music] traditionally we honor our ancestors through Memorial rituals we hope to inherit the spirit displayed by those ancestors [Music] on these occasions we share with them our best wine and food this sharing reminds us that the past is part of our current lives this Memorial ritual is not taking place in one of the modernized villages it is one of certain communities that have been preserved as cultural villages here custom centuries old continue almost unchanged most of the villagers are of one family or Clan [Music] on these formal occasions the chief and Elders Meet In traditional costume to conduct Village affairs foreign [Music] S have a long tradition in prehistoric times all of Korea was occupied by separate tribal Clans more than two thousand years ago the land was organized into three kingdoms one the kingdom of Cilla dominated in 668 A.D uniting the Koreans as one people for the first time many artifacts have survived from these earlier periods monarch gold crowns roof tiles and endurable objects made with clay or stone [Music] Cilla was followed by the choreo Dynasty in 918 A.D one of the artistic glories of the choreo period was in Ceramics corio Celadon Pottery is considered to be without peer its unmatchable glaze almost a lost art corio was followed by the E Dynasty which lasted until the Japanese Occupation of 1910. the Palaces in Seoul were the capital of the e-kingdom for 500 years despite their long history as a United people the Korean Heritage is a story of cultural survival under extreme difficulties various times their land has been invaded by the Chinese and manchus captured by the Mongols of Genghis Khan and occupied by the Japanese Invaders destroyed cities temples and artifacts at a single wooden temple built before the 1500s still stands however many such as bulguksa were rebuilt on their old foundations by a people who have clung tenaciously to their own Heritage and identity it's as if Korean culture had a vivid color of its own as colors from outside were introduced into it they toned the Korean color the same time were changed by it so the end results were special Hues that are distinctly Korean he died [Music] religion provides an example living on this mountainous Peninsula strongly influenced by the Four Seasons their earliest beliefs were in animism or shamanism in spirits that reside in a mountain or the sea in animals in the Sun or in a tree Buddhism reached them from India by way of China here in the famous Grotto sokurang built in 751 A.D sitza Buddha carved from a 10-foot slab of granite originally a religion without a god Buddhism offered formulas for personal salvation through suppression of worldly desires but as it spread it gathered an array of protectors Saints and saviors who could be appealed to for a better life on Earth [Music] in Korea Buddhism was further adapted to accommodate established beliefs [Music] while honoring Buddha Koreans also venerate the older Spirits so they won't become jealous or angry Confucius the Chinese Sage was another enduring influence in Korea the code taught by Confucius became a system of Education family Behavior and civil Administration in schools like this one Scholars memorized Confucian teachings upon which all examinations for civil offices were based at one period scholarship and government were so closely entwined that each government official had to write poems and present them to the king the emphasis upon Confucianism declined but the Legacy that education is the key to future success remains deeply ingrained so too does the emphasis upon family relationships this older residence was the home of a master of calligraphy or brush writing three generations of a family would live in the same house women prepared the meals here in the cooking area and had their own section of the house the head of the family had his private quarters for work and study it's now quiet rooms say much about what educated Koreans valued in the way of orderliness Simplicity and harmonious Arrangements today's Urban dweller is more likely to live in a single-family apartment one of the changes about which Mr Lee comments [Music] at the present time my country has moved rapidly toward modernization and industrialization toward establishing a new culture at the same time we wish to make it harmonious with the old [Music] so a national effort is being made to preserve revive restore and nurture our own unique cultural heritage [Music] visits to museums housing these National Treasures are part of the children's education visit these exhibitions by the thousands respect for the past is expressed in many ways approaches to a shrine are planned with beauty and Harmony in mind helping to create the proper respectful mood [Music] this Shrine honors Admiral e sunshin who in the 1590s developed what were probably the first ironclad ships in history and defeated and invading Japanese Armada reconstructed in 1968 the shrine has design features that are traditionally Korean the roof Ridge that curves up both ends and the upward curves at the corners influenced by the Chinese the Korean style in turn influenced Japanese architecture places like the hair inside Temple will have a special attraction for Koreans though they may now practice Christianity taoism or some other religion Buddhism was once the state religion and its temples and artifacts are Treasures of their past [Music] thank you [Music] these buildings house one of the great achievements of Korean culture the tripitica koreana all of the basic Buddhist scriptures preserved on more than 80 000 wooden printing blocks each hand carved on both sides begun in the year 1237 as a work of piety to secure Buddha's protection against Mongol Invaders the blocks took 16 years to complete the texts are as reproducible today as they were 700 years ago [Applause] printing from all the blocks will fill 6780 volumes printing had an early start here Koreans were using movable type 200 years before Gutenberg developed it in the Western World the use of metal type spread to China and Japan from here Koreans have a language of Their Own amazing but for centuries their writers and Scholars use difficult Chinese characters with Korean pronunciation then in the 15th century King sejong an enlightened Monarch commissioned the development of a phonetic Korean alphabet this alphabet called Hangul made reading and writing easily available to all classes the old Chinese system used thousands of ideographs to picture what was being said whereas in the early form of Hangul Koreans had to learn only 11 vowels and 17 consonants which could be used in various combinations the way we use the letters in our alphabet thus for the sound of Khan Koreans write their equivalent of K a n the three letters when combined make up the sound Khan calligraphy or brush writing is an art form here it is writing and a mark of scholarship but also something Beyond near skill and technique [Music] principal of a girls high school is a master calligrapher her Artistry is considered to have reached a quality of spiritual attainment [Music] oh yeah um to preserve valued legacies from the past certain Treasures receive government protection National Treasure number 20 for example is the tabotop an 8th Century Pagoda of unique and complex design called the sitting maitreya this guilt bronze image from the ancient period of the Three Kingdoms is National Treasure number 78. [Music] most unique to Korea are its human cultural Treasures such as the skill of Madame Kim Hui Jin hers is cultural treasure number 22. meaning that her skill in the ancient art of making knots with silk thread is to be preserved apprentices are sent to her for training in this art foreign threads often supporting Jade are used as accessories in traditional costumes Kim pong Yong whose skill is human cultural treasure number 10. preserves the art of manufacturing lacquerware and inlaying with mother of pearl [Applause] thank you between Mr Kim and this old painting of a scholar lies an unbroken heritage [Music] like the old South Gate in Seoul national treasure number one they are Treasures that keep history from being lost in the rush of modern development [Music] perhaps the revered past has helped prepare Mr Lee seung-jin for the challenges of a new age an age that is bringing to Korea the influence of foreign cultures he and his fellow Koreans hope to succeed as they have in the past in harmonizing these new influences with their own Rich heritage [Music] thank you [Music] despite the hazards if history follows its previous course Korea will remain land of morning calm [Music] Centron film probably made by somebody who sold the footage to Centron if I had to guess um so I I've been looking through all the films that we've been scanning and I'm surprised I had haven't shown this film it's possible I have and it just didn't make it to the inventory of films that I've shown but um if I have shown this in the past I think I need to show it again this is choosing a classroom film enjoy [Music] the lens of a motion picture projector is a brilliant penetrating eye and I which can cut through many barriers on the screen the barrier of size can be surmounted as students see microscopic subjects enlarged to the point of easy visibility the barrier of time is circumvented as an extended process appears to be speeded up through the use of time lapse photography or as the past is recreated and brought vividly to life for your students barriers to understanding are removed as complex subjects unfold in simplified detail through the use of animation which can diagram happenings that often cannot be seen in any other way the eye of the motion picture projector cuts through the barrier of distance to let students observe people and places half a world away to witness the drama while they consider the problems of our times and finally students can see through the use of classroom films but they need to understand as they develop their skills for the future the lens of emotion picture projector is an eye that can help you stimulate motivate educate your students but like any eye it must be pointed in the right direction it's wise use demand selectivity behind the eye there must be a brain your brain making the selection choosing the perspective that serves your goals that implements whatever Behavior changes you may want to affect in your students films made for the classroom have several purposes it helps when you're choosing a film to know that there is a connection between the purpose of that film and the techniques used to achieve that purpose now we'll consider the first of various purposes for which classroom films are designed to communicate information now what techniques are most often employed in information films well one technique obviously is a factual presentation with the camera documenting actual events so that they become visual experiences let's look at excerpts from two films which illustrate distinctive techniques for imparting vividness and immediacy to factual material the first film documents life in a woodlot [Music] [Music] thank you [Music] [Music] be an unchecked Supremacy it was the hawk that got the snake The Twist which brought death to the snake brought a reprieve to the Grouse chick but a grouse fell prey to a fox the Predator's action will pluck out the Surplus the unfit and the foolish in this story of life in a woodlot the filmmaker took his camera to the scene of the action he documented facts carefully and accurately at the moment when they occurred in this film students see the real thing but let's take a look at another excerpt from a film in which the subject matter required the substitution of an actual event for one as nearly like it as possible this example is from a film called Children of the wagon train everybody's interested in learning I guess but sometimes after a day of traveling it's hard to keep your mind on it [Music] we all like the part for Mrs Crawford reads to us from the book and I know everybody would like to be able to read from the book too someday [Music] tonight we have a real treat Paul has shot us a prairie chicken and we have fresh meat for supper it sure tastes good compared to dried beef sometimes there's dancing and singing after supper but today has been long and tonight most of us are ready for bed at sundown in Children of the Wagon Train historical material was reenacted in its original setting of what the students see is not the real thing it is factual information documented as carefully and accurately as the filmmaker can recreate it as you work to develop your skill in assessing films remember that the characteristic of the film to communicate information is quite often the result of using the documentary technique showing action as it occurs or an event which has been reenacted so the student can look back into the past the documentary technique in its two variations is the technique most often used in films designed primarily to communicate information but keep in mind that there is also a hardly a classroom film in existence which does not in some way impart information some of the other techniques you will see later in this film may also be used in informational films now let's consider a second purpose for Which films are designed to change attitudes such films provide common experiences through which your students can more easily gain a new appreciation of themselves and the factors which shape their life let's take a look at some screen examples the first is from understanding others it deals with a social situation let's go back back to the moment when Ben entered the room let's look at this incident again from his viewpoint are they laughing at me I'm sure they make jokes behind my back you think I'm odd because my clothes are old and worn and because I have to spend all my spare time working instead of horsing around like they do my whole life is different from theirs I couldn't even begin to fit into their group I wish they did like me maybe I could just walk over there and let them know that I want to be friendly no I'd better not well I ask for trouble fat Ernie Davis he'd probably make fun of me better stay away from them stuck a bunch of snobs before we comment on this type of attitude film let's examine a segment from another one a citizen participates we waited quite a while and we still don't have a doctor we need one pretty bad and we're willing to do almost anything to get one it's a problem all right we've got over 40 applications from towns in this state that don't have doctors we're doing everything we can to find the man but it's a tough job well how about these young fellas coming out of the medical schools we'd be satisfied with one of them yes most communities would like to get one of those young doctors but there's even a problem connected with that the film understanding others presents a look at a social situation in such a way that students can easily put themselves in the place of the film participants they can observe the facts yes but over and above this but they tend to have some feelings about those facts being able to identify with several different reactions helps awaken more mature student attitudes towards problems in human relations as are screen examples Illustrated a common technique used in films to change attitudes is dramatization it may be a dramatization in which an ideal reaction is stressed as in a citizen participates a film which helps shape Attitudes by suggesting a suitable course of action or it may be the dramatization of a social situation which provides evidence of several different attitudes of these two dramatic techniques are somewhat different but their aims are identical to create an atmosphere an emotionalized experience to which students can relate third purpose for Which films are designed is to develop skills as we observe how skill films are constructed notice that the camera is usually focused on the work at hand giving the student watching the film a front row seat often the actual operator's Viewpoint from which to observe the step-by-step process without extraneous or distracting details a clip from the film on the technique of woodworking joining and gluing verifies this principle of the film designed to develop skills using the tri-square to guide you extend these lines across both edges of the piece so that the dado will be straight and true use a marking gauge to Mark the depth of the dado this distance is usually one half the thickness of the stock using a block guide and back saw carefully cut the sides of the dado to the proper depth be sure the saw kerf lies in the waste stock or the dado will be too large for the piece that must fit into it use the Chisel with a mallet to remove the waste stock chisel from both sides leaving the cut high in the center smooth the bottom of the dado with a chisel or a router the piece should fit snugly but not so tightly that it has to be pounded in in a film to develop skills the technique most often used is one of presenting step-by-step close-ups of the process to be learned we come now to the fourth purpose for Which films are designed to develop interest these films May impart information they may even help change attitudes but they are primarily designed to arouse interest so they make use generally of interesting and unusual techniques the film manners in school employs fantasy plus a combination of live action and animation to arouse interest [Music] Larry Carson yeah it's almost time for recess Larry I just wanted to remind you it's your turn to clean the chalkboard oh miss ran we are gonna play ball at recess honest you better get somebody else some girl I'm sorry Larry it's your turn class thickness hi Larry my name is chalky gosh you can talk sure and I can walk and run and even jump gosh Ah that's nothing what's important Larry I'm here for a purpose to do something about your manners what do you mean my manners the use of Interest catching devices is not limited to films designed to develop interest but where that is the primary purpose of a film you will often find that the use of unusual camera techniques special music and non-technical sometimes even poetical narration contribute to the film's purpose the fifth purpose for which classroom films may be designed is to raise problems as such films are used for the specific purpose of initiating and stimulating a class discussion in an area which students can explore and analyze if not resolved a very often such films make use of dramatization but they have a special technique all their own as we shall see on this excerpt from the snob are you satisfied I don't know what you're talking about you really froze him out didn't you I don't know what business it is of yours if I don't want to dance well I think you did want to dance you wanted to dance all right but you just couldn't pass up the chance to be a snob [Music] what's the matter Sarah come back I can't why not what's the matter [Applause] can I do anything no oh run they're so mean and hateful they don't they don't understand anybody who is one of their gang and doesn't do all the silly things they do they don't understand [Music] the snob hurting everyone herself her parents her friends other people what makes Sarah act the way she does is it a cover-up for some lack she feels in herself can a friend like Ron help her in any way is the group justified in judging everything Sarah does as snobbery what do you think [Music] the special technique of the dramatic film designed to raise problems is the open end technique the unresolved situation or the unanswered question that grows out of a dramatization something to provoke discussion and an exchange of thoughtful opinion on problems which affect your students one two three four five purposes for which classroom films are designed you've seen examples of the close relationship between the techniques used in films and the purposes of those films you may also have noticed some overlapping in techniques the film do change attitudes in the film to raise problems for example both employed dramatization in the one it was a primary characteristic in the other it was secondary to the open end characteristic now let's return to your goals to the behavior changes you want to affect when you show a film to your students as you probably have already realized your goals are often almost identical with the purposes for which the films are designed I hear again overlapping is common your primary goal may be to develop interest although you also may want to communicate information the point is there is generally a great deal of flexibility in the ways you can use films now some of this flexibility is the result of overlapping purposes and techniques in the films themselves but there is even more flexibility possible in your adaptation of those films to meet your particular teaching needs you may choose a film designed primarily to help develop a skill such as the joining and gluing film and emphasize some special element in it such as asking students to watch for examples of safety practices now when you do you're using a skill film as an attitude film consider your students and your teaching goals to obtain Clues as to how you should use any film what you want the film to accomplish will usually determine what you ask your students to look for as they view the film it will also suggest a type of follow-up activities which are going to be needed you will develop your own skill in evaluating films by learning to recognize some of the film techniques we have demonstrated here the documentary technique the dramatic technique the step-by-step close-up technique the unusual effects technique and the open end technique now each of these serve an essential purpose but remember too that any one of them may serve a secondary purpose which may be very important in relation to your teaching goals proper use of film heightens the importance of the teacher and makes his contribution all the more necessary when you turn on the projector the quality of the film experience ahead for your students should be predictable and it can be predicted if you develop your skill in both choosing and using the classroom film [Music] wow that was phenomenal um I don't have a copy of the snob but I did digitize it for the prelinger archive and I'm gonna see how quickly this is going to happen I might be able to show it too long too long yeah alas uh all right so we're gonna show this film instead which is a great film in its own right uh this is part of that 21st century series that was made by CBS where they look to the Future and we showed a film I believe last week that uh was what future films could look like and this one um is interesting because it it spans some other things there's another film that they did called at home 2001 which had some of the same footage as as in this uh and this is I think so incredibly relevant uh communication explosion uh because it talks about like wow you know we're improving and making rapid fire information access even better and faster and more factual like what's gonna happen and guess what we can say what's gonna happen we know what's gonna happen so uh watch it uh unfortunately it's faded I did a little bit of tweaking of the color but it's still kind of bluish purplish um so here it is uh features our good friend Arthur C Clarke and what uh Walter Cronkite called kite Walter Cronkite um anyways here's communication explosion enjoy check the focus of your projector lens this test pattern should appear sharp and clear in the center as well as in all four corners of the screen now adjust the volume control so that the sound can be heard in all parts of the room immediately following this announcement you will see a Flash and hear a beep these should happen at the same time if you heard the beep before you saw the flash make the bottom Loop longer if you heard the beep after you saw the flash make the bottom Loop shorter if your projector is set let's try it again your film is now ready to be shown the 21st century is only a little more than three decades ahead of us these newborns will be 34 years old when it dawns in one sense the 21st century is with us now we are making it today some of our finest minds are engrossed in it in our Universities at the great foundations in our Medical Research Laboratories the world of the year 2000 is taking its first shape those who make the study of the future their primary concern the futurists are looking toward the sea more than 70 percent of this planet Earth a frontier is compelling as space a Frontier where man is not only expected to work but to live in the 21st century and in space that other great Frontier what do the futurists see they see a base on the moon they see us exploring Mars and Venus they see unmanned probes moving into a greater realm the void beyond our solar system but there may be more exciting Frontiers than inner or outer space these two will involve exploration Explorations into the very core and essence of man the revolution in biology will have been to the last half of the 20th century but automobiles Aviation and electronic communications were to the first half for those who think seriously about the 21st century the gadgets and gimmicks and much of the physical Hardware are secondary they do not see Utopia but promise with problems will cities still be choked air pollution still with us overpopulation threatening to smother us and above all the nuclear war make the 21st century an empty unfulfilled dream in the weeks ahead in this series we will explore these promises and these pitfalls explore them with some of the men who are thinking most profoundly about the future with these men we will be looking ahead at a world that lies a little more than three decades away the future cannot be predicted the experts tell us but it can be determined if people understand and then decide what they want the World of Tomorrow to be understand and then decide may be the key to that hazy promising frightening world we call the 21st century [Music] [Music] [Applause] and Communications explosion has begun from fragments of the present we Glimpse an image of the future many of the possibilities of 21st century Communications are before us now which will we choose we are creating a new world with electronics a world in which micro miniaturized circuits are compressing time and distance into a matter of seconds can instant Communications end human ignorance and distrust the communications explosion will affect us in a multitude of ways early science and science fiction writer Arthur C Clarke believes it will even affect our telephone numbers I think we'll each be given a number at Birth and that'll be our telephone number for the rest of our lives and anyone who knows that number can call us where we are anywhere in the world they won't have to know where we are even they'll just dial that number it'll be quite a number it'll be about 12 digits and uh are not counting the area code Kennedy area code different one for Earth and Moon of course and they'll get us unless of course we switch the thing off to get some sleep it means that no one could ever be lost again yeah and that might in an emergency you might be able to press a button and they would send out an SOS signal and you'd be found that signal will be pinpointed by another directional satellite and just think of the thousands of lives that would save every year will Communications be like in the 21st century today orbiting satellites like this spinning high above the Earth relay signals around the world tomorrow satellites could be the key to a worldwide network of information education and entertainment the age of the communication satellite has just begun satellites orbiting at the same speed as the Earth rotates could link any two spots on the globe going straight up as now by the Supra Mexico is on the line down by the white to the bird and white in 1945 12 years before the Space Age Arthur C Clarke offered a plan that proved to be prophetic as you know I'm rather bugged on communication satellites it's exactly 21 years ago that I wrote the um basic paper on the synchronous communication satellite so it's quite a Lusty baby now and this is going to revolutionize Global Communications because it's going to make the world one Village I think was it Marshall mcluhan use the phrase a global village I'm looking forward to great interest to uh direct broadcasting from comsats this was already my original Pro in my original suggestion broadcasting direct into the home from large communication satellites not going through the local ground stations this will be technically possible certainly within five years whether it'll be economically possible it's another question but it will be technically possible and then you'll be able to tune in to Russian Chinese European broadcast TV direct wherever you are oh the effect of this is going to be tremendous in both directions it means that we can talk to the Chinese and they can talk to us nobody another side can stop it when you look very far ahead then you have a sort of competition between transportation and communication as Communications improve out of all all recognition so that in your own home you can have instant access through to possibly ultimately all the senses not just vision and hearing to any remote spot on earth are in space for that matter the reason for physical Transportation will diminish except purely for pleasure and I can see a great decline almost to the vanishing point in business transportation and a great increase in pleasure transportation because of this communication effect Communications equipment like this could connect tomorrow's home with the world through Electronics in the 21st century what will it mean if we choose to communicate rather than commute for cities become obsolete will a home be a school as well this reporter visited a mock-up of a room conceived by philco Ford and designed by Paul McCobb news and information from anywhere could be received over the equipment here and outgoing messages could be beamed to any spot on the globe now with this console we might be connected to a worldwide Library System to get text or pictures from any book of any age you could telephone with this telephone to a library somewhere in the world and then simple push the button and there information about the past the future now this room is also a school every subject from astrophysics to English might be taught to the children of the 21st century Apple what if I want to know the flight plan for a 21st century trip to Mars well this console can show it to me and if I want a permanent copy of it I just ask the machine and comes off right there lessons and homework in this Communications Learning Center are done here the teacher is a computer daily charts plot a student's progress in each of his courses this typewriter can be used to ask or answer questions pre-program lessons appear on this screen to answer I touched the screen with this electronic pointer find out I'm wrong just like High School so I try again this time I'll select C here and I find out I'm right and an explanation of what a fuel cell is without leaving a Communications Learning Center like this you could get an education get the news be entertained and all this equipment is possible today there is one major problem how will we send and receive this new flood of information when we communicate waves of varying frequencies carry our messages the higher the frequency the more message information a wave can carry thousands of frequencies make up our Communications Network by 21st century this network could become overloaded one answer compress the transmission one way to do this with telephone calls is to reduce the signal to its Essentials first unnecessary portions of the transmission are removed next the signals are squeezed to take up less space on the telephone line now seven times as many messages can be sent at once a squeeze message sounds like this [Music] at the other end the message is unsqueezed the sound becomes understandable again Panther is even higher frequencies that carry progressively more information this brings us into the frequencies at which light is transmitted normal light is a jumble of high frequency waves it is not intense enough to carry Communications very far a new light the laser consists of orderly coherent waves that travel in an intense beam because of light's high frequency 250 million telephone calls could theoretically be carried by one laser beam today short-range Communications are carried on invisible laser beams [Music] they can fill them away despite breakthroughs like the laser future communications could still be crowded John R Pierce of the Bell Telephone Laboratories I think that the communication even of mass communication will to some degree outgrow the airwaves eventually and we will have more and more of it by wire or by millimeter waves going through hollow tubes called wave guides or through laser beams which can carry ultimately tremendous amounts of communication but which will have to be protected also from the weather probably so they too would go through pipes I think that ultimately a large fraction of things even things that now ordinarily Go By Radio will perhaps have to go by some guided means lasers not only carry sound they make startlingly real three-dimensional pictures this image was created by Professor Emmett Leith at the University of Michigan he used a revolutionary new kind of Photography with lasers it is called holography holography uses no camera no lens no shutter two laser beams are used imagine a triangle at the Apex II laser beams in one corner an object to be photographed in the other a photographic plate one laser beam shines directly on the plate the other bounces off the object and then hits the plate when the two beams strike the photographic plate their waves meet like Crossing ripples from two stones tossed in a pond the result is the smudge-like pattern this is called a hologram to unlock a holographic image a fresh laser is beamed through the plate the plate becomes a window Beyond which an eerie three-dimensional image floats in space filmography using three different colored lasers produces a three-dimensional image in full color something like homography might be the key to full color three-dimensional television in the 21st Century television may also provide us with permanent copies of what we've seen this reporter spoke with business consultant and computer expert John diebold about what could be a revolution in publishing I think in terms of worldwide Publishers and you may very well end up with an international newspaper being able to be transmitted as well in other words if you watch the CBS Evening News on television you'd also get a printed version of it yes of the news and I I think the the interesting thing there is that today when we think about that we think of having the New York Times come out of the TV set but of course what will happen is that we'll have something which is new you may edit your own newspaper you may set into the TV the fact that you're interested in lots of business news and only a minimum amount of sports or you want all the book reviews and nothing about the stock market or your own little profile of Interest with a smattering of General news but a great deal about local political events and this is what will be printed out and no one knows at this point but I think the one thing that is clear is it won't be what we do today you won't print this morning's New York Times out of the television set when you can you'll have a a hybrid medium you'll have something between TV and print we'll have 3D color pictures on the screen and we'll have lithographic quality in the printout but it will be in editorial terms it'll be in the medium and the ability to have a dialogue between the man and the Machine is increasing every day each day that goes by each day that we draw closer to to to the turn of the century we start having a easier ability to deal with the machine the technicians call this the man machine interface but the ability to communicate with the machine becomes easier MIT Professor Joseph weisenbaum carries on a dialogue with a computer through a typewriter a computer can play many roles depending upon how it's programmed I have told the computer that it's to understand what I'm saying say in the context of of being a doctor if I then tell the computer for example my head hurts I expect the computer to uh to respond to that as a doctor might in the computer response by saying tell me more about your pains in general which is a quite reasonable response for a doctor to give well suppose I say my toe for its two foreign it says you see some psychological reason why your toes should pain you and this tells us something about the kind of a doctor we may be talking to that is the the context that we've that we've specified for the computer to be in I suppose I say no uh I don't it says don't you really so apparently it's it's suggesting that perhaps I do in fact see some reason why these two phenomena should be connected and so on now uh suppose now I ask the computer now in this context some questioners say some simple arithmetic question for example how much is two and two that's not a reasonable thing to ask a doctor when you're visiting him in his office and the doctor or the computer in this context now comes back and says why do you ask I suppose I say because I want to know the response is is that the real reason uh well I think in general we see here uh that in in a certain sense the computer insists on remaining in this particular context and in effect in understanding what we say to it in that context and the computer has been instructed to be polite so that for example if I say to it thank you then this is a clue to it that uh that I'm finished with it and it comes back with you're quite welcome to come again the next step toward bringing men and machines closer together is turning typing into talking some computers have learned to talk with borrowed voices this man is calling up a computer he wants to check a bank balance he asks his question with a punched computer card the computer will answer with words previously recorded by a human voice it assembles these words into the appropriate sentences eight four nine ballast is one comma zero eight eight point five two computers may make cash and checks unnecessary in the 21st century to buy something you just need a punched card in your pocket and a talking computer in your bank the bank of Delaware and Wilmington is experimenting with such a service when you want to pay the clerk calls the bank's computer the punched card identifies your account a talking computer verifies your credit s and this account is good the purchase amount is automatically transferred to the store's account in the 21st century when men and machines have learned to communicate easily your best friend might be a computer it would not speak with a borrowed human voice to speak with a computer voice of its own that sounds like this who be or not to be that is the question whether it is local in the mind to suffer the swings and narrows about the age of Fortune or to take arms against us what good is a friend that talks to you if you can't talk to him Once Upon a Time 1789 to be precise how can we get a computer to understand what we say to it so that we can really talk to a machine the first step is to make a picture of the human voice called a spectrogram spectrographic information is given to a computer so that it can recognize word sounds now a typewriter will type what we tell it today this conversation is limited to numbers and simple words zero one two three four five six seven eight nine zero one two to give a computer a voice of its own you again begin with a spectrogram the spectrographic information is translated into the usual punch tape that a computer understands none combined with a machine that makes sounds a computer is ready to speak in its own voice Dr Peter Dennis at Bell Labs shows how it's done what we have here is an an electronic speed sound generator when we want to hear a sentence I type the sentence into the computer the computer tends this information to the sound generator and then we can hear the sounds produced by this sound generator unfortunately the program can't spell yet so instead of typing the sentence in in normal orthographic spelling I'll use a simplified phonetic spelling I'll type in the sentence I see there the cat [Music] I'm sorry this I in fact I have to type in I saw the cat and here is the sentence if I want to change this rather neutral sounding sentence into one with some stress I'll tell the computer program where to stress the sentence by typing a dollar sign in the appropriate syllable so now if I want to see if I want to hear the sentence I saw the cat I'll type this listen to it now here you see displayed the pitch curve that is the sound you will hear will vary in Pitch the way this curve shows listen to the sound hi what you hear is the word ice I can have a reach into the computer and change the curve on this screen and also the corresponding sign you hear I for example hi hi the pattern of future communications cannot be predicted with certainty one thing is certain technology alone will not bring about human understanding Henry David Thoreau once wrote we're in such great haste to construct a magnetic Telegraph from Maine to Texas but Maine and Texas it may be have nothing to communicate in the 21st century when the world stands listening what would it hear it will not be enough to produce the weird unhuman voice of a computer [Music] I am crazy [Music] I and the 21st century will be an instant contact with the world what will we say to the world [Music] foreign [Music] the 21st century was filmed and edited under the supervision and control of CBS News wow sorry we ran a little long but it was awesome um yeah so it was part of that series 21st century and I believe this was the first one in the series and this was televised um late 60s probably 68 69 not I didn't get a chance to see the copyright date but um man this film was great and we have so much hindsight as far as what technologies took off which ones were kind of me uh and the what came true and what did not come true and uh certainly having all this amazing access to information has not resulted in what we thought would happen uh the amount of misinformation has actually grown uh exponentially so the signal to noise ratio the noise ratio is very high to the signal ratio and some people don't know how to filter out the noise and that is a problem so um I'll leave it at that uh thanks for joining me today if you like what you saw hit the Thumbs Up Button even if you've done it uh recently please do it again that YouTube seems to like that the YouTube Monster satellite that is rotating around the earth and dictating everything that we do seems to like when you hit a thumbs up button or a like button or when you subscribe um they gave me this this token the silver token which is um a reward for people that have subscribed uh to my channel you can also go to ko-fi.com AV Geeks you can go to patreon.com avgeeks and those are ways to contribute so we can buy things like old wood handle screwdrivers um likewise um you can use the super thanks button in the YouTube chat and you can also go to other videos that we have on our Channel and watch and we will get pennies of advertising money when you do that so thanks again for tuning in today um and a lot of think about about that film I hope everybody has a great rest of your day and I will see you tomorrow on Friday take care bye