AV Geeks Lunch 6-22-2020

[Music] [Music] the overall mission of the air force depends on the effectiveness of its people all of them if some work with their abilities impaired to any degree by drugs we all have a problem their co-workers their command the Air Force the nation that depends on the Air Force is one of its prime defense capabilities [Music] drug use is not a problem of critical proportions in the airforce but it is a problem and that is unacceptable so something effective is being done about it this is the air force rook testing laboratory and Brooks Air Force Base in Texas it's the only air force lab that handles urinalysis for drug detection it's a distinguished facility has established an impressive scientific track record it's been working as a drug lab for over a decade processing close to five million samples [Music] it works in close conjunction with the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology in order to meet the demanding standards set by that world recognized organization this facility tests for several different types of drugs but by far the greatest volume of testing is for marijuana what you're about to see why in the how of the air force is your analysis program why and how it provides an accurate scientific and reliable means of identifying drug users as we go through it step by step you'll see for yourself what I mean [Music] the first step in the process is the selection of personnel to provide urine samples for testing there are several reasons why a given individual might be selected there is testing for probable cause testing done at the discretion of the commander testing done for medical reasons but the most likely of all is inspection testing do I have everybody's attention Hart branch has been selected to participate in urinalysis inspection testing program our commander has just going to fight me that we need to report to the clinic immediately for testing are there any questions the random checks of inspection testing or the commander's tool for detecting a drug use problem and deterring anyone who might be tempted to use drugs okay let's go come on I have been instructed 40th year analysis testing from the first moment the security of a sample is assured each person who provides a urine sample is accompanied by an observer make sure that the sample is not adulterated and that it is in fact a sample from the particular provider the sample is then labeled in a way designed to eliminate any possibility of a mix-up each sample bottle must have the social security number and the initials of the provider in his or her own hand and the initials of the observers then each sample is further marked to identify it by date and base number with each specimen thus identified there's no chance of one sample being mistaken for another as a further precaution tamper proof tape is placed across the bottle lid to reveal any premature or unauthorized access into the sample thank you next a urine sample chain-of-custody document is prepared with all of the identifying information for each sample as they are organized into packages of up to 12 samples for shipment each package is then securely sealed with tape and the packages signature is inscribed across the tape seal the package is then shipped to the lab by mail or other carrier as each package is delivered to the receiving area it is inspected for any indications of tampering if there are none the package is accepted and signed for by the responsible laboratory staff from the start sample security has been safeguarded by chain of custody procedures the term chain of custody is familiar to those accustomed to preserving evidence for legal purposes in simple terms it means that right from the start none but authorized personnel have access to Turin samples and everyone who is authorized is also accountable as the samples arrive from the various bases each one is carefully inspected to ensure that it has not been adulterated samples are then organized into batches and given a unique laboratory accession number or batch number every week samples arrive from bases throughout the US these shipments include quality control samples provided by the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology or AFIP this is located at Walter Reed Army Medical Center AFIP sends these to the bases to be randomly mixed in with a regular sample sent to the Brooks lab approximately 30 percent of the quality control samples contain a measured amount of drug residue these are used to check on the labs effectiveness in detecting that drug the other 70% contain no drug residue that is they are negative samples these samples ensure that the laboratory is not falsely identifying drug free samples as positive the testing lab does not know which bottles in a given batch contain the AFIP control samples in addition the AFIP sent samples directly here to the lab for testing the test results are sent back to evaluate the quality of the analysis the documentation and the reproducibility of the test results additional quality control is provided by samples which the lab itself prepares and Inter mixes throughout each batch of urine samples in this case the quality control section of the laboratory can identify all the control samples and the people who do the actual testing of the location of several of them they use them to get an immediate check on the acceptability of an analysis if both the positive and the negative controls are acceptable and the specimens tested along with them are deemed acceptable for reporting the control samples whose locations are not known to the testing personnel I used by the quality control function to provide an in-house check on the quality of the testing the AFIP control samples plus those introduced by the lab itself provide a multiple check on the accuracy of the test results on a continuing basis here I'll show you what I mean test result evaluators at Brookes would immediately spot a discrepancy with regard to the in-house control samples and the entire testing would be ruled invalid and the testing done over again and if by chance the discrepancy with the in-house samples was not detected it was misinterpreted the AF ip's careful check of every test report would show up the discrepancy with the known values of their own control samples and they would require the lab to investigate and report back this labs extensive in-house quality control from ten to twenty five percent depending on the type of testing will spotlight any batch that needs to be retested to ensure accuracy with quality control samples from in-house and AFIP mixed into every batch of samples tested there is a constant and reliable yardstick against which to measure overall testing accuracy now let's take a look at the actual steps involved in preparing and testing urine samples to determine drug residue content first i'll aquatic and aliquot is a small measured amount of urine poured from the sample bottle into another container to provide an appropriate volume for testing here as everywhere a great care is taken in handling the samples to ensure that chain-of-custody security is maintained only one sample is opened at a time to avoid any possibility of mixing sample liquids or getting the sample bottle covers mixed up a loquats are prepared for each testing of a simple but the original samples themselves never leave the custody of the receiving division where they are kept secure under chain of custody procedures the first test procedure is designed to weed out those samples which are for the purposes of program free of drug residues and to identify what are called presumptive positives this testing methodology is called radioimmunoassay or ri8 our ia is a very specific and reliable screening type test because its results are obtained through the use of antibodies that attract only metabolites of the drug being tested for and nothing else in preparing a loquats for our ia testing Auto pipe fitting equipment provides a reliable means of handling a large number of samples with extreme accuracy to the Eliquis of urine very precisely metered amounts of drug specific antibody and a drug metabolites with a radioactive isotope attached are added this is mixed very thoroughly if there are any drug metabolites already in the urine they will compete with the radioactive ones for the measured amount of antibodies forming an antigen antibody what's a refrigerated centrifuge is used to separate the complex from the solution [Music] [Music] the concentrated precipitate that remains is then tested using equipment which measures with extreme accuracy and sensitivity the level of radioactivity prison the lower the radioactivity the higher was the content of metabolites in the original urine sample the printout values which meet the initial test decision level I've been identified as presumptive positive that is they show clearly a significant presence of drug residue in the urine sample radio immunoassay and other testing methodologies used by the Brooks laboratory are universally accepted scientific procedures routinely used throughout the world for specific and sensitive clinical analysis of sample content the presumptive positives are identified for further testing to confirm beyond reasonable doubt the presence of drug residues all other samples are discarded these are control samples put into the batch by Brooks lab quality control section they give us an immediate way to check analytical accuracy any of these other presumptive positives could also be quality control samples from AFIP no one at Brooks Lab knows which ones those are however you can be sure the AFIP does and they provide a closely monitored external quality check on the drug testing done by the Brooks lab the fact is the whole testing program is systematically weighted to favor the individual besides the quality controls both internal and external and chain of custody procedures to ensure there are no mistakes as to which sample is which the initial test decision levels are purposely conservative and the confirmatory test decision levels set high to eliminate falsely identifying anyone as a drug abuser for example the testing reagents used by the Brooks lab can be formulated to detect marijuana residue down to a level of five nanograms five billions of a gram but the initial test decision level for a positive are ia initial test report for marijuana is set at 100 nanograms twenty times the amount the reagents and equipment of detecting once the presumptive positives identified through radio immunoassay are evaluated they are always confirmed by further testing here at Brookes or an independent contract lab using different equipment and methodology nothing is taken at first glance or at face value the testing must leave no room for doubt from each sample identified as presumptive positive new alec watts are poured using the same care as before to maintain meticulous chain of custody the method used to confirm the RIAA test results is gas chromatography with mass spectrometry GCMs for short this method is highly specific in confirming the presence of drug residues in urine it focuses on a particular drug metabolites that is most prevalent in urine the first step in preparing the aliquot GCMs testing is the extraction process which uses a resin to isolate the trunk from the urine next follow centrifugation to separate the urine and the resin washing to release the drug into the final solvent and Derivatives ation to prepare them a tab light for the GCMs analysis finally the extract is dissolved in a small amount of solvent for analysis when the prepared solution is injected into the gas chromatograph it is vaporized mixed with a carrier gas and passed through a long narrow tube to separate the components of the mixture at the end of the tubing the compound we are looking for is diverted into the mass spectrometer where it is bombarded with a stream of electrons breaking the molecules into ion fragments each drug has a characteristic fingerprint or pattern of distribution of fragments if the drug is present a specific pattern or fingerprint is produced thus allowing the drug to be positively identified all of this information is displayed on a hardcopy computer printout the computer monitor GCMs instrument fingerprints molecules thus positively and specifically identifying the chemical compounds the confirmation of a positive identification by means of GCMs ensures beyond reasonable doubt that there has been no mistake the presumptive positive first revealed by radio immunoassay and confirmed by GCMs analysis is indeed a valid positive identification of drug residues in a particularly urine sample these results are not simply reported back to the commands instead tests and the accuracy of all the record-keeping and accountability papers from start to finish are reviewed by several different people each scrutinizes every detail closely because each is accountable for the records and the test results that he or she will sign for any of these reviewers and evaluators are required to send any questionable result back to repeat the testing any discrepancy can result in doing the whole test over again the urinalysis program is succeeding achieving both of its defined objectives deterrence and detection of drug use by Air Force people when testing for the marijuana metabolites THC first began there was a sharp rise in positive identifications of marijuana users as people became aware of how well the testing program should identify users the positive started to decline indicating a substantial drop in the use of marijuana we find the same trend in the use of other drugs the urinalysis program correctly accurately and fairly identifies drug users it uses state-of-the-art technology operated by a highly trained staff performance is constantly monitored through both internal and external quality controls chain of custody is very carefully maintained from start to finish the accuracy of all test results and all record-keeping is checked and rechecked all along the way the result is a program that works it enables command is to detect fairly and with great reliability the use of drugs within their unit and because the program effectively detects its very existence effectively deters the individual who knows that drug use is likely to be discovered and proven [Music] hey everybody let's skip alzheimer of Av eeks I collect old 16-millimeter films and show them to folks like you via the Internet and when the pandemics over I'll bust out the 16 millimeter projectors I'll do it live in your hometown yeah somehow we'll figure that out um yes that last film USAF your analysis program it's like an assembly line film really it's which I love which is the process of how does the urine get from point A to a printed-out piece of paper so it's amazingly dry and thorough and I'm very clear on the legal aspects of doing tests like this because they know that they could probably get into trouble for labeling people and jailing people so they want to have this chain of command fascinating really something yes and amazingly dry but you know that's the way a lot of these niche films are and this film was rescued from a dumpster this was a fan of mine who had a bunch of films that he had rescued from dumpster in LA I believe or somewhere in Southern California and this was made by a company called gol productions for the Air Force and I've gotten quite a few films in that batch that were really great including the tire rating demo which I showed a couple of weeks ago but yeah thanks for joining me we're showing these films is a lunch break to kind of keep you off of social media I mean even though you were on social media watching this you know keep you watching the news give you a little bit of time to kind of zone out and think about our wonderful horrible past this next film features do you know this guy his name just popped out of my head which is ironic because the name of this film is brain our my brain just farted so here it is brain power with that guy that you know john houseman that too it was as a producer and director I've attended a lot of meetings now is the one you're attending today going to be just another meeting or is it going to be something more meeting the minds and before you get started I want to talk with you about your mind and about thinking the process of using your gray matter in sophisticated and creative ways my thoughts are guided by this book brain power by dr. Carl Albright he points out that thinking is a built-in skill so that while all of us know how to think we don't think very much moreover he feels that intelligent people when assembled in an organization will tend toward what he calls collective stupidity you're obviously in an organization and you're obviously assembled is this meeting going to be an example of collective stupidity or is it going to be what a meeting should be a constructive interchange of human minds at work now let me ask you something important if you decided to think more effectively during this meeting what would the benefits be to you as an individual and to the group as a whole there are things you can do here today that will develop important thinking skills skills which will make this a better meeting and make you all more effective thinkers interested follow me in the paper chase I appeared in a set much like this as Professor Kingsfield Harvard Law who waged a never-ending campaign to turn his students into thinking this is an appropriate place for us to be talking because but I want to discuss with you today can turns a key mental process we call this process perception we use that broad term to describe the way we take in and interpret new information ideas and points of view when your meeting gets underway a lot of new ideas will be presented how will you react to these ideas will be governed by how you perceive them so it is important I think for us to look at how we perceive there are three principles of perception first of these is the principle of recognition recognition describes the process wherein we attempt to relate what we see with something we already know it enables us to deal with a wide variety of information without getting bogged down in detail the danger though is that sometimes in our rush to process information we may overlook details or key points that might actually be significant let me show you how easy it is to overlook details if you're wearing a watch I want you to cover it with your hand now without looking at it try to recall the face of your watch the numbers Roman or Arabic numerals if it's digital tell me what words or labels appear on the face difficult how many times do you suppose you've looked at that watch thousand ten thousand okay uncover your watch now and look at it I hope there's enough light because otherwise it's gonna drive you crazy details are often important now in your meeting today someone may present an idea that you think you recognize a duty as we've seen recognition represents your brains attempt to match new information with something it already knows what happens when you co hear something that is new something that defies classification in that case the brain actually bends the new information and interprets it into something that it can recognize this process is called perceptual interpretation the problem comes when the brain in its rush to classify interprets information in a deceptive way a great deal of misinformation stems from errors in interpretation when we expect to see a particular thing we may see it even if it isn't there some examples first kindly look at this geometric bigger no it isn't packed it's simply a circle with a wedge removed and would you believe that by putting five of these together I could make you see a star can you see the star of course you can but of course you can't because there is no star there your brain is simply filling in the missing information to make a complete pattern where none exists conversely our brains may conveniently edit out features which don't match up look at this side what does it say Paris in the spring look again Paris in Vivi's spring in many cases our brain converts incoming data into what we think it should be now let me show you another illustration with our brains desire the convenient information here now is part of a figure for you to study it appears to be a u-shaped object of some sort a magnet or a horseshoe perhaps now here is another part of that figure three cylinders or rods and now that you're familiar with the elements let's see how well you do with interpreting the figure as a whole problems this object does not seem to hold still in space but in fact what jumps around is your brains conclusion about what it sees since your brain cannot resolve the image to only one of two possible interpretations you cannot arrive the satisfactory conclusion notice how you feel in the face of ambiguity you lack the comfortable feeling of having classified a perceptual message you may even feel slightly annoyed to recap the principle of interpretation be careful how you interpret the thoughts and ideas which will occur in your meeting don't be in such a rush you may see something that isn't there or fail to see something that is there and especially important be willing to tolerate a little ambiguity don't jump to find a tried and true interpretation be willing to stretch and struggle it that is how you grow the final perceptual principle is that of expectation expectation is the strongly held readiness to perceive one particular thing as a personal alternative possibilities expectation controls much of our perception we tend to organize our thoughts in terms of an expectation what we expect to see and hear has a lot to do with how we react to new ideas and even to other people the most amazing illustration of this is not something I can show you but I'll tell you about it several years ago dr. david rosenhan a stanford university professor conducted an experiment he had eight perfectly normal people show up at various mental hospitals and make up a story about themselves incorporating textbook symptoms in order to get admitted but once inside the subjects began to tell the truth then it was all an experiment now here's the interesting part no one would listen all the subjects were diagnosed as seriously maladjusted ranging from neurotic to schizophrenic these doctors obviously were working from very powerful unconscious expectations expectations like these can very well start a closed-loop self-fulfilling prophecy and I urge you to be careful of the same kind of limiting expectation as you approach your meeting we tend to get what we expect to get what are you expecting you get paid to think if you're going to earn your money today remember that to perceive well is to think well expectation interpretation recognition are you willing to truly think to open your mind and not to rush to interpret are you willing to look closely at detail to ask questions I hope so because if you are this room can vibrate with a unique energy human minds at work brain power I can only imagine what medians this was shown to and what middle management MBAs came up with that ultimately screwed us as a nation that's a consumer V you know what we can besides charging them for getting cable every month we can also charge them for renting the cable box even though there's no other way that they can get cable you get promoted awesome thinking outside the box so meeting films are a I think shun row so films are shown at a meeting and I would say that those Alcoa management films the ones that pose a question at the end that were made in the late 50s early 60s like trouble with women and the grapevine those were also meeting films they were shown in a meeting of managers and the managers had to work through and talk through it this one is a more generic meeting film and in fact the cookie kid which we showed a couple of weeks ago which features a girl scout that has sold the most cookies ever is was a motivational meeting tool so you'd show it to a bunch of salespeople your sales team at a meeting to get them motivated this likewise John Houseman was your cheerleader firm that's so funny I think you know 82 when that film came out was that was the time when he would had that cachet where he get away with doing stuff like this really fascinating there are my kind of holy grail of meeting films is that there was a series of Muppets meeting films that were made probably around the same time late 70s early 80s and I've seen them listed and people mentioning them but I've never been able to pin one down so that's something I'm actively looking for and we'll probably have to build a lot of money when I do see it come up somewhere or it'll just show up you know it'll show up in a box people like I don't know what these are well it's Muppet meeting films um anyhow I love showing things like that even though it's dry and weird and also I should say thank you so much for everybody who's been contributing to buy me a coffee keeping me caffeinated thank you it makes all these films I'm showing that much more exciting to me this next film is for all of you who collect 16-millimeter and have questions about how to project this is a film on how to project film the irony of course is if you don't know how to project film you're not gonna be able to watch this film so somebody has to know how to project the film in order to show this to you so you can learn how to project the film so it's pretty good it's it's looking at very specific projector but you know it works in general my favorite part of this isn't well besides the fact that is a film about showing films is there's a mini classroom model which is so awesome I really love it so this is facts about projection enjoy [Music] it's well known in education that only carefully planned instruction produces maximum learning planning is especially necessary to achieve maximum educational value promotion pictures this means proper study and discussion of the material in advance of screening and a follow-up of planned related activities the careful use of films in religious education just as in our schools speeds up the learning process and provides more learning in less time industry too has learned that planned use of films is one of the most effective methods of communicating ideas and teaching specific skills to show films that are a number of excellent and easy to operate motion picture projector is available there are minor differences in the operation of these projectors such as the method for threading the film replacing the projector lamp cleaning the film gate the location of the speaker or rewinding however all motion picture projectors operate on the same basic principles a sound understanding of these principles will provide a basis for operating any type of 16 millimeter projector a typical motion picture projector consists of two sections each with a different function the picture section which projects the picture from the film to the screen and the sound section which reproduces or recreates the sounds which have been recorded on the film soundtrack as the film moves through the projector it first enters the picture section this section consists of the projection lamp which is a very bright light source this light is concentrated on a single frame of the film by a condenser lens the brilliantly illuminated frame of the film is projected by the projection lens onto the screen the lens is moved to focus the picture as the film moves through the picture section it pauses on each frame in a sound projector this happens 24 times a second next the film enters the sound section here an exciter lamp passes light through the soundtrack area of the film this light is received by the photocell sound waves which have been recorded as variations of light and dark areas on this film cause the light beam reaching the photocell to vary in brightness when the film moves the photocell produces electrical pulsations corresponding to the original sounds which are then amplified and fed to the speaker in contrast to the picture section the film in the sound section must move smoothly and at a constant speed some motion picture projectors are equipped to record and reproduce magnetic sound this magnetic soundtrack coding orphan uses only part of the optical soundtrack area making it possible to use either optical or magnetic sound on the same film in the school the most effective use of film this takes place in the classroom with its work-study atmosphere the class has already prepared work on the subject and before seeing the film there is discussion of the new ideas and words that will be used the teacher having read the film guide and having reviewed the film often leads the class in the discussion now they are ready for the film smooth professional projection and the integration of the film with the workaday atmosphere of the classroom greatly enhances effectiveness in learning but to achieve this professional screening there had to be proper preparation preparation in advance is the key to good projection in the majority of schools audio-visual equipment and the films themselves are kept in a central location here under supervision the films are checked and if necessary repaired and the equipment is maintained much of the preparation behind good film use is in training operators in the principles of projection and in maintenance of the equipment some projectors are equipped with sealed long-lasting oil reservoirs and seldom need oiling but most projectors require regular lubrication the oil should be placed only in the proper holes or cups and any overflow carefully wiped away it's the same idea as lubricating ones automobile at regular intervals this preventive maintenance protects gears and moving parts from excessive wear if the windshield is dirty only a blurred image is seen a special fluid and paper are used to give a crystal-clear view just so in cleaning the lenses of a projector remove grit and brush gently with a soft brush use a drop of lens cleaner then dry using a circular motion with lens cleaning paper a dirty lens projects a scene like this clean it and you have this this was around the edge of the picture area is dirt in the aperture it is not only disturbing to see but it can scratch the film it may be removed easily with a brush the Zone projector sprocket wheels have sprockets or teeth only on one side sound films have sprocket holes on only one side the sound track is on the other side to reduce strain on the film during projection the film is threaded with loops above and below the gate these loops serve as shock absorbers correct loop size is usually indicated on the projector if loops are too large they will slap about if they're too short they may tear the film about 95% of film damage happens in the first 20 feet the lower loop must always be the correct size and the film must fit snugly over the sound drum in order for the sound to be synchronized with the picture this is because the sound is recorded exactly 26 frames in advance of the picture properly threaded film appears like this on the screen the movement of my lips is synchronized with the soundtrack however if the lower loop is too short the voice will be heard like this in advance of its picture and the two will not be synchronized and if the loop is too long the voice as you hear it now will like behind the corresponding picture and will again be out of synchronization if at any time the film should break in the projector do not patch it with tape or anything else simply overlap and continue winding so that later on at the film library the break will be found and repaired not only is understanding the technical operation and maintenance of equipment important but knowledge of proper projection setups covering buried situations is equally necessary the screen should be set up at the front of the room so that everyone can easily see it the screen should be placed at least two screen widths in front of the first roll the bottom of the screen should be level with the tops of the heads of those in the front row if a room can be adequately darkened or if chairs are permanently fixed to the floor the screen should be placed at the front and center of the class some rooms are difficult to darken if this is the case it is best to place the screen diagonally in the corner of the room by the windows in room is extremely difficult to darken a lenticular screen placed in this position is most helpful to ensure a smooth running operation a supply of extra projection lamps exciter lamps fuses and belts should be on hand it's always a good idea to check the film before taking it to the room where it will be shown one way to do this is by placing the reel on the projector if the film is mounted on the reel properly it should fit on the arm so that it runs clockwise when held in this position the title should read correctly when the projector is started you won't have this or this the picture will be right-side up and in the proper position all films that are to be projected should be checked in advance with much of the preliminary preparation done in the audiovisual or equipment room where supervision and the necessary equipment and supplies are available the final setup in the classroom can be made this time the projection is disabled to set up the equipment before the class has assembled often the setup must be made while the class is in session the screen is placed directly in front of the projector and raised to the proper height the projector is then assembled the power cord is twisted around the leg of the stand to prevent the projector from being tipped over if the cord is accidentally pulled if an extension cord is used it should be secured by a knot if the sound fails to operate it may be because the plug is reversed in the outlet the projector is ready for a trial run the motor is turned on then the lamp if the image is too large for the screen the projector must be moved closer and of course the reverse is also true for the best sound the speaker should be placed off the floor and near the screen the speaker cord is secured in the same manner as the power cord in a few moments the amplifier will warm up and a hiss will be heard to indicate that the sound system is working testing with a card is a double check on the sound system by leaving the cans open at the start the changes of reels could be made quickly it's always a good practice if time permits to actually view the beginning of the film in order to check the focus the framing and the volume [Music] when the classroom is filled with students the volume may have to be turned higher a signal from the teacher and the screening is started preparation in advance is the key to good projection it will result in a smooth screening of the film and this in turn will provide an opportunity for maximum learning [Music] there's so much about that film that I have to talk about let's see first of all that little diorama the fisher-price AV geeks playset I covet that there's so much that was really great about that as far as placing the where you place the screen to the projector and the little is awesome I love it the second thing is repairing film I learned a horrible lesson at one point I was basically I would pull films and then just watch him on a 16 projector with friends or just I get a batch and just sit and watch them and I was watching this one film and it was it was a little beat up but at some point the the screen went black and suddenly it was and I like jumped up and ran to the back and what had happened was somebody had taken the film that had broke they had laid it on top of itself and then they wrapped it a couple several times in masking tape so there was this big like lump of masking tape and of course you know as soon as it hit it it just it made it surprisingly it made it through the top but as soon as it hit the gate and then kind of try to go around the sound head yeah it was it was that good shredded that film even more what was the other thing oh yeah so if somebody mentioned showing projection was a union job back in the 70s or 60s well guess what it still is a union union job in some parts of the United States New York City in particular and I remembered I did a screening or series of screenings at the Museum and the movie image in Astoria Queens and it's a amazing museum if you get a chance when things open back up you should go - it's pretty cool and what I do is when I start my show I start off with a film strip and so I knew that they were gonna run 16 in the booth and so I was like what I normally do is I just run the film strip this is a great icebreaker to get the audience you know loosened up and getting ready for what they're about to see and they wouldn't let me run it they had a union guy a very young Union guy with a big gold chain operating the film strip and so I was up front doing the intro and then kind of step behind the curtain and what you do is these are filmstrip where you read the individual frames and so it would go from person to person and the union guy just kind of didn't care so somebody would be reading her frame you know a couple of sentences they get through the first sentence and halfway through the second one and then he would turn it up front just in hysterics because it was so ludicrous one here's a union guy that's operating a piece of equipment that basically second-graders operate or kindergartners operate and he's not doing it right good anyway so those are some of the adventures of being an a/v geek this next film is like it's like a nature documentary it really is has cameras it's capturing all this action this interaction the social behavior and then has this commentary over the top that kind of is adding a story whether it's real or it's kind of created for dramatic effect but it's featuring little kids like three-year-olds four-year-olds and it's fascinating it's called first friends and it basically shows child behavior and child interaction and you know tries to explain what's happening behind the scenes with the kids it's really phenomenal I love this film and there's some bad behavior in here that's pretty crazy and then also behavior we're like whoa what is going on there so here's first friends enjoy it seems only yesterday that these same youngsters were throwing their food around or trying to climb out of their high chairs or spilling their milk all over the place their mothers were patiently or impatiently spoon feeding them and then suddenly they grew up a bit and here they are away from their mothers feeling quite secure in the more or less formal environment of a preschool group this dramatic change from year to year in fact from month to month in feelings attitudes and behavior is what child development is all about such changes are connected with buddy changes at this age large muscles are growing stronger what a joy to use them fully in new kinds of play what sense of self fulfillment and exercising newfound powers obviously it is more than just the bodies that are grown just moving independently can strengthen the sense of self and independence [Music] this is play to be sure but looked at with insight that is growth and development we are watching that sugar not becoming something different from what they were yesterday they can cause their own splash in the world their self-centered existence is opening up to admit others of their age who can do things to them and of whom they can do things the things they do may seem hostile to us but often they are merely overtures demands made for the sake of getting a response ways of making a connection and in the place situation one can learn how far one can go without getting into trouble much of the initial interchange at this age is physical hands and bodies are our first tools of communication and so a simpler to use and understand it's all give and take this free playing it's fun to give to pour water it's fun to take a nice cool bath and a hot day but it's still more fun to connect or relate to other people that's what these youngsters are practicing with their buckets and hoses each small person who splashes are splashed enters into a new experience this is a change from personal isolation call it play call it group activity it means doing things with others the doing can be competitive and physical one connect with or against one's companion the difference is not as important as the interaction this step toward becoming part of the world around one has many aspects an important one is the development of skills for little muscles and brains are growing along with the big muscles little fingers could learn to do things to shape to make to create and when there is production there are other people to watch to help to advise for creative action is interesting and reassuring we make a lot of our friends while doing the same thing they are doing we have common problems we learn from one another we help one another it's a way of making us feel we belong to a group we share and experience together and gradually learn to share things not an easy lesson to learn at first it is easier to socialize in pairs usually on the same sex the relation of just two is simpler especially now that words are being used more for communication these two are together in the midst of the crowd they can separate in space and still be together words are being used by this pair tomb but they are reinforced by a curious ritual of physical caresses and insults the two boys have devised an elaborate initiation ceremony with what sand as a substitute for less acceptable dirt this is their technique for making friends and working out feelings [Music] some games involved learning how to do things together sometimes it is helpful to destroy first and then rebuild unbuilding it might be called this is truly a joint project there's room for everybody to take a hand to do a part of the job to contribute that's the real secret of belonging contributing and receiving something from the group effort helping one another what impossible tasks cannot be accomplished by cooperative effort no one needs to tell the other what to do no one has planned the operation but children who have done a job together will recognize each other a little later as friends they have made a connection and each feels stronger but not all preschool children use the same skills and coping with a task of making friends some of them are more complex betty has chosen Paul as the boy she'd like to play with but Paul is engrossed with his own games and pays no attention to her she decides that if he likes toy trucks so much this one would make an effective lure and so she captures it and runs while he gives chase she is happy she has his attention and is in control but when he stops pursuing her she is left holding to no value what is a girl to do give up Betty desperately needs assurance that she is not unwanted so she just compelled to continue her quest Paul has moved to the pool area well [Music] and it's all in play play that can be imaginative inventive and sometimes a means of expression some forms of play seem to suggest more than just practicing skills do they emerge from a remembered or an imagined to past is she playing mommy now is he playing newborn or even unborn infant play often reveals fantasies children have as they try to deal with questions that are puzzling way [Music] some children do not seem to be ready to make friends this can be a danger sign suggesting hidden fears of non-existent threats or it can simply indicate a need for quiet the time for meditation or even Green certainly the child who persists and seeking solitude bears careful observation the clue to the meaning of the self-imposed aloneness is whether or not the child himself seems upset some of us are better mixers than others but we all have our own timetable sometimes it's important just to get off by oneself as when we have work to do the ability to lose one's self and productive activity is a strength even though it suggests being oblivious of the noisy children all around the world can sometimes be peopled more satisfactorily by one's own imagination or the imagination of writers and artists the attention span of Preschoolers is limited yet some youngsters can retreat from the hurly-burly of play for long periods to concentrate on something they find engrossing this vicarious experience can substitute for active play the girls seem able to relax enjoying themselves alone and company how close the friendship scenes when it grows out of such tranquil moments together other youngsters cannot share easily at this age especially not the attention of an adult it seemed needed all for themselves temporarily they have a sense of control over the needed person [Music] I had at first foreign equal sharing isn't the first inclination of most children these values come from family and group experiences and inner feelings of belonging children need adult support to help them crisis subsides but like other legal decisions no one seems pleased with the outcome and so it is not surprising when the altercation resumes after a few minutes of peace [Music] at this age the power of logic is not very effective because children's ways of thinking are different from adults one would think that a crying child is concerned principally with his pain but no this one is more interested in being believed having his aggressor identified is more important than balm for his wounds and only after this has been attended to is the victim ready to seek comfort and solace maybe the insult heard worse than the sand in his eye [Music] often the social behavior of children is extremely complex and difficult to understand Robert first tries to bother Nancy but it fails so he gets into a chair pushing contests withour but Alan isn't having any of amaya so Robert is left without the reaction that he seems to need he goes on to challenge one child after another why what is he looking for is he just learning how far he can go and being provocative in a social situation why does he keep checking up to see of the teachers watching none of the other children are bothering him and he seems to get no satisfaction of bothering them even when they cry is he jealous of the contentment of others every toy in his hands becomes an instrument of assault and always the vigilant look his is no simple motivation he seems compelled to keep at it until a climax is reached [Music] and now finally success a major catastrophe to climax but Robert is still waiting for something is it a punishment long feared but also needed as a show of his power always environment [Music] in the meantime sally has given plenty of sympathy so then often come running to the rescue when there's trouble sometimes they just stand and look they seem to be learning how to handle their own crises by identifying with a child in trouble this too is a technique of socialization socialization and a larger group structured by the teacher is more difficult some children join in without really participate others may find a place that satisfies them but does not contribute to the group goal other structured activities even learning gains when they are made attractive provide a chance to learn more about participation and taking turns another aspect of socialization [Music] and some interaction is pure delight certain urges age we know are finding out who they are what a wonderful feeling to discover it is possible to be someone else just for the change effects what makes you want to sing and dance just because you're wearing a costume dressing up is not only fun it is a projection of other worlds and draws one deeply into a social relationship with one's piece who is the strange person in the mirror is this another insight into the self that is emerging from the anonymity of babyhood is this a chance to check on sex differences that have not yet been fully understood does not yet become rigid all these subjects are fascinating in preschool [Music] and so our lunch table is surrounded by interesting developing unique members of a society the thing most wonderful about them and the hardest to see the fleeting glance is the changing process itself but as they eat together talk together or play together they sometimes reveal the distance they have come from infancy and sometimes they give us a glimpse of where they will be tomorrow for the development of a healthy child is a continuous happening today they join the group tomorrow they will interact with it nothing in the process is static a child cannot stop developing [Music] [Music] [Applause] fascinating film i it it resonates with me so deeply because it uh you know you were a kid and I feel like there's key social moments that still stick with you I'm in close to my mid-50s but some of those interactions that portrayed in the film feel so right and feel so part of who I am and who I became and what's interesting is when you see the kids behaving especially the loner kids kind of looking out the fence and he's by himself it's like my brain knows what he's thinking and goes to that or the interactions with the kids where they're kind of playing really rough and bullying and things like that it's I remember that too being on both ends of that like at that age it's it's really kind of interesting it really and it's like watching a nature documentary in my mind in that you have this kind of raw footage and then you have this narrator who's kind of extrapolating based on what you're seeing and all those social interactions I mean if you wait work a day care my mom wore to daycare for quite a while and I saw all this like when I was a teenager I said would see these behaviors and it's kids interacting and and all that stuff so this is a film that would have been shown in a child development class probably and just kind of talking about the emotional growth and physical growth and mental growth of kids at different phases and so really fascinating thanks everybody for tuning in today very much appreciate it there was we kind of went with some dry films that were mostly meant for adults I think almost all of these were meant for adults yeah yeah that's funny none none for kids this time well you guys you've been following me long enough that I feel like you're you're good for it you can take it thanks so much if you like what you saw you can press like or subscribe on YouTube and then Facebook has some free variation on that if you like to buy me a coffee I drink coffee that's my drug so give me give me some coffee patreon is another way to donate it's kind of like a subscription chip jar hey geeks calm is a great place to watch previous episodes of this streaming event and also other films that I have online so thanks again for your eyeballs and your attention and I hope to see you again tomorrow everybody have a good rest of your Monday take care