AV Geeks Lunch 6-21

[Music] [Music] so [Music] [Music] i zane this is pizza hursterberg the east 7900 meter in garment synthetic bender a [Music] foreign [Music] music too [Music] foreign in america linda is and from obama [Music] hello everybody i'm skip alzheimer and welcome to the av geeks lunchtime streaming show hope everybody had a good weekend it was very rainy here in north carolina but i still got to hang out with my dad so happy elated father's day to all the dads out there um who are watching uh i'm not a dad but uh i'm a professional aunt and uncle to many um nieces nephews and friends of kids so my wife and i are professional ants and others uh anyways uh so that last film was a german foreign language film we got a couple of those that kind of appear once in a while not um part of that series that we have a lot of uh that french encyclopedia britannica series but that was uh international film bureau and uh wasn't as interesting i think uh the dialogue in his french training films are more interesting and they talk about more things instead of just having some narrator going out and haven't had that robert so there you go uh this is a clip title but it's fascinating film nonetheless it's brain and behavior enjoy call because this area is connected with the eye just in front of this is a parietal area connected with many different parts of the body still further forward is a central sector which contains a sensory area for our sense of touch and a motor area which controls body movement overlapping some of these areas and including others is a relatively large region concerned in language and speech we shall see how these parts of brain function in human behavior one method of stem officially stimulate different parts of the living brain and observe the results this can be done in surgery where the brain is exposed the surgeon touches various parts of the brain with an electrode that carries a weak electric current no pain at all and listens to what he says when the motor area of the central sector is stimulated parts of the body move involuntarily when the sensory area of the central sector is stimulated the patient retouch not in the brain but outside in various parts of the body a stimulus in the visual area at the back of the brain produces visual sensations such as flashing lights still another way to study the function of brain areas is to measure the changes in behavior following injuries in different areas let us begin with the visual area at the back of the brain these areas may be destroyed by disease or by gunshot wound as in this case causing partial or total loss of vision with a metal plate we can repair the bone gap and restore the patient's appearance but we can never restore the blindness caused by the wound the extent of the blindness can be measured in a device called a perimeter using only one eye at a time the patient focuses on a point directly in front of him and reports whether or not he can see a white target move through his field of vision from one end of the perimeter to the other and back again as soon as you see it say yes yes you still see it now and yes yes out on a chart representing the visual field a map is made showing where the patient saw the target and where he did not the black shading indicates areas of blindness the size shape and location of the blind areas depends on the kind of injury to the visual areas if only the visual area on the left is destroyed the blindness is in the right half of the visual field and vice versa sometimes these blind areas are irregular islands surrounded by areas of vision these islands are similar for the two eyes but never exactly alike sometimes the defect is quite small as in this man who suffered a glancing injury to the back of his head in other rather rare instances only a peephole of vision is left yet this is enough to enable the person to get along quite well for measurements like these we see that injuries to the visual areas at the back of the brain cause regions of blindness corresponding to the parts destroyed defects may be more subtle and complex with injuries that are farther forward in the parietal areas patients with parietal injuries may have trouble finding their way from one place to another even in familiar surroundings the extent of this difficulty can be measured in the laboratory the patient is given a sort of a map on which a line runs between dots carrying this map along with him is asked to walk a similar path between the large dots on the floor while the patient walks the examiner traces his progress still holding the map the patient continues on his path so far no error now he gets doubtful then takes a wrong turn he is scored for an error another way of doing this same kind of test is to give the patient a raised map inside a covered box and ask him to trace it with his fingers while he walks around the floor again the person with the parietal injury does worse than others in this test farther forward is a central sector the back part of this sector the sensory area has to do with the sense of touch if this area it the patient loses some sensation in corresponding parts of the body we can measure such a loss with a variety of tests in one test a series of nylon bristles each of different thickness is touched to the palm of the patient's hand first going from the thinnest to the thickest bristle then back again to the thinnest the patient says touch whenever he can feel the bristle and says nothing when he cannot touch right touch good the patient with injuries in the central sensory areas of the brain cannot feel the thinner bristles which other people can feel in another test we measure the smallest gap between two compass points that the patient can recognize as two points rather than one when they are close together he feels only one and says one one one but when they are farther apart he can feel both points and says two two two patients with injuries in the central sensory areas may show a loss of touch sensitivity in all these tests they also have trouble distinguishing solid forms such a patient with injuries in the central sensory areas is asked without seeing it to feel a wooden sphere and then to find the same sphere in a row of many different forms but he passes beyond the correct sphere without recognizing it at all patients with injuries in the central sensory areas may also have difficulty distinguishing between varying grades of roughness such as these different samples of sandpaper this patient first touched a roughness of grade 10 in the front row and to match it with the roughness of one of the other sandpapers in this row he equated it with grade 15 a large error we can use the results of such a roughness test on a number of patients to illustrate how an area of the brain can be associated with a specific aspect of behavior first the injured brain areas of each of 43 patients who took this roughness test were plotted from their x-rays four of these 43 people had trouble gauging roughness here is the plotting of their injured brain areas four in all the remaining 39 had no trouble gauging roughness on this chart we plotted the areas of their brain injuries 39 in all now let's subtract the injured areas plotted for the 39 who had no trouble gauging roughness from the injured areas plotted for the four who did have trouble the remaining brain area is rather small any injury in this area would be most directly related to trouble on the roughness test with more extensive injury to the central sensory areas patients may be unable to recognize by touch everyday objects such as a pair of scissors any idea about what it's made of what particular kind of material unless it could be a rubber it's the only thing i'd think of it could be a rubber yeah well put it into better hand again and try and see what might it be what is it take your time scissors pay off the scissors okay always with that hand you can do it without trouble with the other one you can't huh that is right in the central sector in front of the sensory areas are the motor areas of the brain the left motor area controls movements of the right side of the body the right motor area controls movements of the left side touching an electrode to a certain part of the motor area during surgery makes the patient's hand or thumb move involuntarily if the same area is destroyed the hand will be paralyzed if the injured area is relatively large the hand may be clenched and resist being opened once opened it closes again to detect a relatively slight injury to the motor area of the brain we use special tests like this tapping board which measures a patient's rhythm and control of finger movement but when the injury is as large as the metal plate in this x-ray indicates the paralysis is obvious because the injury was on the left the right side is paralyzed we are indebted to this patient for his help in allowing us to photograph and study this type of injury notice that he walks by swinging his right leg stiffly from the hip the right arm is bent and half raised the hand clenched this patient's injury not only invaded the motor area causing paralysis but also involved part of the language areas these areas are quite large and cover much of the left side of the brain they are rarely found on the right side disturbances language are complex and often baffling patients may not be able to say or to understand words even though they're able to show us another way quite intelligent this patient is going to listen to a recording of his own and then how is the weather out there mom if i tell you nearly every night yep no too fast too fast all right i try and do it more slowly don't think don't think sick i i'm sick right fine you see i haven't got the time i see no you see i have no time uh-huh you come back from night problem you see hmm what's the problem joe well look let's try it you come back from night problem you see you what come back come back for from from nice problem oh no try and do that better night problem life problem no it's not a light problem it's a life ah no no n right now say life no no no try take your time take your time i don't know why do you move your lips before you say it does that help i don't know are you trying it out for fit or what huh what are you doing and you're aware of that but you're moving your mouth yeah without making the sound before you make it isn't it yeah and life problem that's pretty good problem just say problem problem problem pretty good to analyze more carefully what this patient's speech difficulty is we give him a further test in which he is asked to repeat single syllables let's start with some very simple and short ones let's say no uh you can't say it like that all right then let's say no not ha no hard it's hard i see it's hard yes supposing we say that's easy isn't it yeah say da da say gah same thing same thing still can't do it i don't know well supposing we say i got it this time i got it this time well why can't you say god if you can't say god i don't know you don't know how come from this test we find that this patient with an injury in the language area can say words and sentences but stumbles over certain sounds and syllables especially when he must say one by itself we have described some specific functions for different parts of the brain which involve sensation movement and speech but there are more general functions that can be distributed independently of sensation movement and speech consider for example the language areas which you remember are usually on the left side of the brain areas are also involved in mental processes that do not involve speech patients with injuries in the language areas cannot easily figure out the following test in this test the patient is required to guess the system of a game with these drawings when the stripes are vertical he is supposed to point to the circle and to point to the triangle when the stripes are horizontal as he guesses each one the examiner indicates whether he is right or wrong patients with injuries in the so-called language areas are slow to discover the system though it does not involve language here is another task in which all patients with brain injury do poorly but patients with injuries in language areas do even worse in this task the patient is supposed to trace the figure at the top of the sheet as it appears hidden in each of the more complex figures below difficulty in this task shows up in any patient who has a sizable injury anywhere in the brain the difficulty does not indicate loss of overall intellectual capacity it is a subtle but characteristic defect encountered after almost any brain injury now let us sum up what we've learned about the function of the brain and behavior injury in the visual areas in the back of the brain produces regions of blindness like the one in this visual field chart large parietal injuries can cause trouble with finding one's way about when the injury is in the sensory areas of the central sector station of touch suffers with damage to the motor areas of the central sector there is trouble with movement and when the injured area is large a paralysis develops on the side of the body opposite the side of injury a large area usually on the left side in right-handed people is involved in speech we are still far from knowing the nature of the trouble in every case and this is a problem for future research another task for research is to discover whether there are specific effects of injuries to the frontal areas those in front of all the areas we have discussed fascinating film um you know and not to make light of the people that sustain brain injuries but it really is kind of interesting to see um what different parts of the brain uh do and then how they were measuring those things back in the 40s and 50s and probably up till recently um you know as far as trying to determine the you know the range of what they can see the range of the different aspects of what they can do the whole thing about the sandpaper grit is is fascinating to me uh it's like such a specific uh thing um yeah it's time to watch something on our telecini over here is our film transfer machine um [Music] and uh have a coronet film rules at school i need to change the title of this but let's go ahead and watch it wait [Music] you certainly know what a traffic light means a traffic light reminds us of the rules for crossing streets there are rules all around us for grown-ups for children for everyone there's a rule for parking bikes all of them must be put into the rack can you imagine what it might be like if we didn't follow this rule this is what might happen our bikes would be damaged so let's back up and do it again the right way that's much better following the rule makes sense there's a right way to use a trash basket when the rule isn't followed this is what can happen [Music] so let's clean up quickly and use the trash basket the right way ah the right way there are right ways to play games too one batter at a time is the rule what happens if we forget the rule this won't work let's try again that's better rules in school are useful too one rule is come on time steve is trying to be on time but he didn't quite make it today that can happen but we can see why there's a rule about being on time even though steve tries not to disturb anyone he still interrupts the class's work being late isn't fair to others it's not fair to ourselves either if we're late we may miss something being on time is a rule that helps our class and helps us we have rules for putting things where they belong and for taking care of school property because things were put away carefully when the class finished working last time everyone can get the supplies easily today the children are studying about how to keep healthy the boys and girls are working quietly that's another rule we follow in class work quietly when you work quietly you get more done that doesn't mean you have to be absolutely quiet but the rule is try not to disturb others when we leave the classroom we keep to the right in the hall that's one of our safety rules in the building on the playground we also have safety rules that are important things like this don't belong on a playground someone must have broken a rule in games the rules help us play fair and have fun but we have to remember the rules after recess the boys and girls continue with their health projects the children have made some interesting posters the class is planning to visit a museum which has some health exhibits mrs todd has a booklet that shows some of the exhibits the class will see the class has never been on a trip like this they will have to make up their own rules how should they behave on the trip what rules will help make the trip successful what rules will keep it safe dick thinks one rule should be stay together yes that sounds like a good rule let's write that down here's our first rule stay together who has another rule to suggest should be courteous and not run or shout don't run or shout what other rules do we need well let's make sure everyone gets a chance to see the exhibits yes our rule can be don't crowd don't crowd bob has been to the museum before and he remembers one of the museum's rules you can't chew gum there yes that will help keep the museum clean don't chew gum we have four new rules for our visit here's the museum the class is arriving they can hardly wait to get inside still they've remembered their first rule stay together one of the first exhibits they see is about the care of teeth mrs todd tells the class that a tape recording in the exhibit will explain this tooth this giant tooth is a model of the six-year molar the first of your 32 permanent teeth every tooth has a crown visible in the mouth a root anchored in the jawbone and a neck joining the root and the crown together the crown is covered with enamel there are other exhibits too sometimes the children like an exhibit so much that they forget and start to crowd but then they remember their rule about crowding there that's better the rules they made are helping everyone enjoy the exhibits what about the rules stay together they're following that quite well here's an exhibit where you test how much air your lungs can hold but jane can't blow with gum in her mouth she's forgotten a rule don't chew gum by following their rules no crowding no running or shouting staying together the class has made the museum visit a pleasant and successful one [Music] [Music] [Applause] do you know it's two o'clock yeah i know i got all messed up does ronnie have a license what is his father used to having him get home at two o'clock do you have any grass take any pills and who were the girls at the party answer him man you must have rocks in your head he doesn't want to hear answers he just wants to scream at me how do i know why like maybe it's his liver my mother always says he's drinking too much by the time i got in like two o'clock he'd had plenty been watching the late show too maybe that's it maybe one of those old paul newman flicks about the new generation of wild boys you know the cat who lives it up and falls into the hands of the mafia in the last reel he really believes what he sees on the idiot box he doesn't have idea number one about me like what i'm really like what bothers me most is the way he just stands there and looks at me when i'm talking to him you know though i'm a record he's heard a hundred times no expression no reaction except maybe once in a while a pain look like the needle is going over the scratch you never know what he hears he hears everything oh what's penetrating that thick skull of his he's not stupid oh that story he made up last night was a masterpiece it sounded like it came straight out of a comic book he claims he started to come home at 11 30 but his friend ronnie wanted to stay a few minutes longer well at 12 30 when he finally decided to come home alone he'd missed the bus and of course he had no money for a taxi after all he only gets ten dollars a week allowance do you for ten dollars when i was his age that's what i earned for 20 hours hard work at balti's market yes kenneth i know so he couldn't take a taxi why didn't he telephone what could happen i'm grounded of course until further notice who cares so i miss a lousy flick big deal want to go swimming this afternoon no only at night in the daytime i'm a free man how about tomorrow then okay me at the johnson's at 10. it's better for me tomorrow too i better stick around today so we can hate me then of course ronnie had to drop his girlfriend off and that seems to have taken an hour of course ken doesn't know exactly because he says he waited in the car and fell asleep you know if i ever heard a [ __ ] and bull story maybe it's the truth yeah maybe i'm the president of the united states after all there's only one phone in the whole town and he couldn't borrow the taxi money from one of ten friends because he couldn't have used his bike in the first place he says only little kids use bikes at night so of course he had to go home with ronnie because ronnie's 16 and he can drive of course ronnie can't get out of the 10th grade by the time he's 16. you know why of all the kids in the school he has to pick the dirtiest with the longest hair and the most disreputable clothes i'll never know you know can you imagine the girls that were at that party whose parents let them stroll in at two o'clock who else is he going to yell at pick up the books turn down the record player mow the lawn get a haircut don't talk to me in that tone children don't have a sense of time yeah well that's why i gave him a watch for christmas it's in his dresser he says broken of course like everything else i spend money on you know when i gave it to him he promised he would be in by midnight you know there would be no more excuses i just can't trust him i just can't trust him he makes promises and doesn't keep them he was going to build a family room for me to entertain my friends in we were going to spend the summer making a trip out to the west although i must admit i'm glad he blew that one imagine being with him 24 hours a day it's like he's always mad at me he's always mad at me you know like i owe him something and i'm not delivering and if you'd only smile at me or say something civil the only line he seems to know is dad can i have a little money he gives me nothing he's drinking nothing but trouble i just don't dig don't understand him how about trying some dives nah i don't feel like it what's the matter with you today nothing's the matter oh you don't kid me man something's bugging you i'm all right i'm the one who should be complaining after what i took yesterday you'd think it killed him to stay up till two o'clock waiting for me so maybe he was tired well then what's all this junk about worrying about me it's himself he's worried about that's why i have to be in by 12. well if he had a rough day or something yeah rough pushing papers around all day so let him go to sleep they read this stuff in the papers about kids having accidents they think all kids are the same besides it didn't cost you anything what do you mean my allowance was cut to nothing for the rest of the summer what did you do i didn't do anything my father turned the sprinkler on in the rose bed and his new camera got ruined he found it yesterday what was the camera doing in the rose bed i was trying to shoot some bees with the long lens while my mother called me for lunch i put it down in a rock you see i was gonna get some more shots and the light changed i forgot all about it so what happened um it's all my fault of course even if he turned the water on what did he say oh stop you know the lines no respect for property no responsibility the camera will help to go back to the shop it might cost a hundred bucks and i'll have to pay for it i'm neglectful i'm a jerk i'm a mess i'm hopeless slime ted but your father i'm surprised he doesn't seem like that in the store he's been kind of nice to me last week i broke an earthenware planter 7.95 and he just said never mind forget it he would have said something very different if it was me the noise would have scared the mice out of the store funny i was thinking just saturday about what a nice guy is you can talk to him even it's not like my father he was telling me all about heating units and heat convection currents yeah he's great on heat especially under his collar no you got to believe it he really seems like a nice guy to me maybe fathers are different to their own kids yeah maybe they don't treat them the same maybe even my father you know i know i'm forgetting something light bulbs batteries i'll remember on the way home well that'll be 9.81 with tax [Applause] hey i meant to ask you uh how's ken doing is he giving you much trouble trouble not at all that's a fine boy you've got he's got a great head for figures too my kid what do you mean well you know i started him in the stockroom at first a sorting merchandise then i discovered that he could check invoices well in no time at all he began to learn the cost control system that's right i've got him in the office working now he's doing a great job you know no wonder i haven't seen him around here i've been in here on saturdays i thought he would have told you i even gave him a little rage help him buy that guitar he wants guitar well maybe i shouldn't have mentioned it but that's what ken is really working for this summer he mentioned he had a fight with you about money didn't want to ask you to pay for it well that is we didn't exactly have an argument about money but you know kids these days one day they're dying for something the next day they've forgotten all about it sure but ken seems different he's serious and reliable he gets in here on time and he isn't too hurry to leave at night you know he's the first kid i've had in years that i could really trust i had my own boy working here last year he was more trouble than it was worth absolutely amazing carson down at the hardware store was telling me about ken says he's got a good head for figures says he's the best kid he ever had working for him i could hardly believe my ears call a doctor get an ambulance what's the mirror are you hurt no it's ronnie i think he's cut his finger off well where is he hurry ma he's bleeding terrible now you better call dr reigns oh boy all right now ronnie hold your hand up good but keep your head down don't look at the cut all right now you feel how i'm holding your arm yeah can you hold it that way good ken get a blanket that's gonna be all right i've seen worse okay ken put the blanket around him i feel like i'm back in the medical corps all right now turn around ronnie all right now keep the hand up keep the hand up all right how do you feel okay you think you can go in the house i think so all right let's take it easy [Music] [Music] another great uh uh international film bureau film at least they distributed it uh jacoby did some other uh mental health films over the years and this one you know i've shown this showed this last around last father's day and it's such a great film uh really like it uh you know kind of shares that generation gap and then also that you know preconceived notion of what dad's supposed to be like and what kids are supposed to be like and all that stuff so that's pretty good anyways thanks for tuning in today uh very much appreciated uh we'll be back again tomorrow tuesday and we'll watch some more films and uh stuff lots of stuff a lot of 16 millimeter films to watch um very excited to you guys are showing up to watch them and if you like what you saw you want to support us in some way you can buy some coffee i'm pointing at the link buy me a coffee dot com slash av geeks you can also go to avgeeks.com and just see other shows that we've done and other films that we have online we have literally thousands um also hit like subscribe uh ring the notification bell which a lot of people seem to say that in their podcasts comment and share those are all wonderful ways to kind of tell me that you're seeing what we're doing not every film we show is a is a winner but um we have a pretty good track record and i appreciate your eyeballs and your brain so um hopefully we will see you again tomorrow uh otherwise um look to the film can for advice and it tells us to please rewind and love each other this was written by um i think a bored high school student who was working in the library and was waiting for a film to rewind and decided to draw a little smiley face with eyelashes and say love each other and and also drew a peace sign um i can't i can't blame them uh anyway so we'll see you soon take care six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six five four three seven six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six five four