AV Geeks Lunch 6-17-2022

so so so so so love it it's an ad it's an ad for ge uh lights it's so great um big fan of early animation that is basically just advertising um uh and i think i got some other felix the cats i need to look at my database and see what we got going on uh hi i'm skip alzheimer welcome to the av geeks lunchtime streaming show where we watch old 16 millimeter films and that was an oldie but a goodie um so some people were referencing wonder cat yesterday i think uh that animated cat um who had a lot of questions um graded on some people's nerves you know it happens it totally happens um and i did see that some people did like wonder cat so you know it's it could be a generational thing i i found him a little grating but i have a higher threshold for uh grading stuff so um i figured i should show a science film about stars because the last one i showed was what's the brightest star this one is how many stars and ask how many stars there are and it's brought to us and i checked by the fine people at the moody institute of science uh of course moody institute of science uh was a division of the moody bible institute and initially used science and science experiments as a way to talk about the gospel but then after the national defense education act that was passed after sputnik launched uh there was this big demand there was money for films and educational media about math and science and moody institute of science is like we can edit some of our films and sell them in classroom markets so here is uh how many stars revised enjoy [Music] how many stars are there for centuries man's concept of space was based upon what he could see with the unaided eye a field limited to a few thousand stars but about 400 years ago a tool was found which enabled man to roam the uncharted pathways of outer space it was galileo who thought of turning a telescope toward the heavens and in so doing he snapped the fetters binding man to earth i took myself to observation of the heavenly bodies and first of all i viewed the moon as near exhibit were scarcely two summer diameters of the earth distant after the moon i observed the heavenly bodies both thick stars and planets with incredible delight the telescope grew rapidly in size as astronomy and the science of optics progressed hand-in-hand through the passing years man dreamed and built and with the completion of the 100-inch telescope at mount wilson california he could look with unbelieving wonder and even more of the handiwork of god and man dreamed again and built yet again the giant of palomar a giant whose 500 tons of glass and steel are poised so delicately the hand of a child can move it on its course a giant whose 200-inch eye stares unblinking into space an eye that is daily pushing back the boundaries of man's knowledge so how many stars are there the sun is the number one star as far as we're concerned to us it doesn't look like the other stars in the sky but that's because we're so much closer to it than to any of the others we're only 93 million miles from the sun that's a lot of miles but it's still very close when we're thinking of astronomical distances the reason our earth is so close to the sun is that it's one of the sun's family that is one of the nine planets that revolve around the sun and make up what we call the solar system it isn't possible in a view like this to represent the true scale in either size or distance so let's compare them accurately as to size we will see them here superimposed over an actual time lapse photograph of the edge of the sun with prominences extending thousands of miles into space closest to the sun is mercury just a little fellow as planets go then there's venus the earth and mars that big fellow is jupiter 1280 times the size of the earth then comes saturn uranus neptune and poor little pluto way out in the cold going around in a great big orbit averaging 3 billion 675 million miles away from the sun but that sun just how large is it well if it were hollow you could drop more than one million spheres the size of our earth down inside and rattle them around for the sun is about one million five hundred thousand times larger than the earth but a way out there in the heavens are other stars so much larger they make our sun but a mere speck in comparison how far away are they well let's take a trip from the sun just to the nearest star out in space to make this journey we'll travel at the speed of light 186 000 miles a second at this speed you could make seven complete trips around the world in less time than it would take for just one good sneeze let's say we begin our journey on january 1st at exactly 12 o'clock noon we leave the sun and hurtle into space at this inconceivable speed we pass the orbits of mercury venus and span the 93 million miles that separate the earth from the sun in just eight minutes 19 seconds we continue on passing mars jupiter [Music] saturn uranus [Music] neptune and finally we reach pluto the last sentinel outpost of our solar system at 5 31 and remember we have traveled 3 billion 675 million miles already and it's still january 1st but wait a minute our journey was to the nearest star not to the limits of the solar system we haven't even started our trip yet we must continue to travel as the days the weeks and the months pass finally a whole year goes by then two years three four years and on april 19th of the fifth year we reach alpha centauri that nearest visible star out there in space to use the astronomers language we've traveled four and three tenths light years but our telescopes don't stop here their searching eyes have probed the depths of space thousands millions yes hundreds of millions of light years and still there are stars beyond this tremendous knowledge is relatively new because not too many years ago astronomers were unable to conceive of anything beyond our own milky way system to them this was the universe then a new discovery rocked the astronomical world to its foundations for years telescopes had revealed hazy objects called nebulae distributed throughout the heavens some of these such as the flame nebula in the constellation of orion which under ideal conditions may be seen with the naked eye and the spectacular filamentous nebula in cygnus were known to be composed of luminous gas many had a definite spiral shape thought then to be great whirlpools of luminous gas in the process of forming into a star however an intensive study was begun of the great spiral nebula in andromeda bringing to bear the superb resolving power of the 100 inch telescope this nebula was found to be made up of individual stars and was in reality another galaxy it was this discovery that pushed back the boundaries of our knowledge and expanded enormously our concept of the material universe this new knowledge enabled us to understand the structure of our own galaxy and at last we had an explanation for the milky way our galactic system is very similar to the andromeda galaxy seen from the edge it would appear something like this the milky way is merely our view of our own galaxy its diameter is about 100 000 light years and we are located about 33 000 light years from the center this system is revolving and our speed in it is about 200 miles a second even at this speed it will take us at least 200 million years to make one revolution but ours is just one island universe how many more are there everywhere we look out in space there are others there are at least 200 million of these galaxies just within the range of the palomar telescope in this amazing photograph made with the 200-inch telescope the brighter spots are stars in our own galaxy let's blot these out now those hazy little spots remaining are not stars each is another galaxy almost a billion light years away each is composed of a hundred billion suns but now how many stars are there astronomers tell us there are at least 100 billion stars in our galaxy the milky way but remember there are 200 million of these galaxies within known space [Music] so if we would number just those stars within the range of our present telescopes we must multiply 100 billion times 200 million and this equals 20 quintillion stars but remember now these calculations are based on those stars which are visible with optical telescopes recent developments have given astronomers a radically new tool the radio telescope these giants not only detect stars invisible to optical telescopes they probe several times as far into the depths of space so our estimate of 20 quintillion stars is much too low we must be prepared to add billions upon billions more as man's knowledge of the universe continues to grow now of course the human mind cannot begin to grasp the meaning of such a number but maybe this will help think for a moment if you can how many grains of sand there are sir james jeans tells us that the total number of stars is probably something like the total number of grains of sand on all the seashores of all the world so how many stars god alone knows the answer man may never know the exact number but each time he looks and sees what lies beyond he must ever be mindful of the infinite power that put it there [Music] uh yeah our good friend god showed up uh like he normally does in the moody institute of science films um but uh so that uh narrator is not dr erwin moon uh who's my favorite uh of the moody institute of science films uh it's another guy whose name i i can't quite remember but um i thought for sure his voice was the one that did that language of maps uh filmed encyclopedia britannica film which is why i got all off track and wrong uh so what do we got next um a nasa film we're gonna counterbalance one with the other this is about astronaut training enjoy [Music] [Applause] [Music] to space atop a 59-foot rocket he traveled in a small cramped spacecraft the trip was short and quick [Music] today it's the saturn v 281 feet tall and three men fly in the apollo spacecraft their goal is a round trip to the moon as the missions and spacecraft have changed over the years so have the requirements for astronauts the original seven were heading into an unknown environment they were engineers and test pilots gradually the standards changed the test pilot requirement was dropped today nearly a third of the astronauts have their doctor's degrees the training reflects the era unsure of how the human body would respond to space flight the mercury astronauts were trained for every possibility as more flights provided knowledge the astronauts found they did not need such simulators as this disorientation producing mastiff [Music] the astronaut training program now follows this schedule on arrival all astronauts pilots and scientists receive intensive academic training to assure that they have achieved a common level of space flight knowledge classroom courses include such diverse subjects as celestial mechanics rocket propulsion space physics space medicine and geology classroom work is supplemented with field trips the astronauts collecting samples on the surface of the moon will have the equivalent study of a master's degree in geology [Music] just as the pilot engineer astronauts are trained as scientists so the scientists astronauts upon completion of their academics are trained as pilots all astronauts are proficient helicopter pilots since the landing on the moon will be in a vertical landing and takeoff vehicle using rockets instead of rotor blades [Music] the general training of the astronaut also includes instruction on survival in the desert [Music] and in the jungle since a spacecraft could land in these terrains in case of emergency water survival techniques are taught since the spacecraft normally lands at sea in the giant centrifuge or flight accelerator they experience the high gravity sensations they will feel during their ride on a big booster and during re-entry [Music] to become familiar with the sensations of zero gravity or weightlessness the astronauts ride in aircraft flying precise trajectories [Music] scuba training is given since another method of simulating weightlessness is by working under water in specially constructed tanks the astronauts enter the water weighted to provide neutral buoyancy once underwater they practice work they may one day perform in the true zero gravity of space [Music] this then is the general astronaut training program but what happens to an astronaut once he is named to a flight crew training for the specific mission follows much the same pattern as general training but now classroom work is pointed at the goals of the mission and the hardware and techniques the astronauts must use to accomplish these goals in the complex computer operated electronic mechanism called the command module simulator the astronauts learn singly and as a team systems and characteristics of their three-man ship similarly the lunar module simulator is used to train flight crews in the operation of the two-man lunar landing vehicle the dynamic crew procedures simulator is used to train them to make split-second go no-go decisions during launch the rocket and jet engine powered lunar landing training vehicle is used to simulate the critical lunar landing [Music] simulators are used to train astronauts to work in the one-sixth gravity on the surface of the moon the astronauts fly the translation and docking simulator to perform the critical rendezvous and docking of the lunar module and command module in lunar orbit [Music] [Music] [Music] apollo is a complex program with a complex goal the training today's astronauts receive equipped them to cope with complexities that were unknown 10 years ago wait that's weird the uh the webcam just kind of uh died huh like i'm here honestly uh huh that's really strange uh anyways uh let's learn about some waves on some water enjoy nope wrong one there we go so it takes a force to move anything the force to rock this sailboat obviously comes from the waves if the waves can exert a force on the sailboat then they must have energy where did they get their energy the energy of the motorboat's engine pushes it through the water some of this energy is transferred to the water and makes waves the waves carry this energy with them and use it to rock the sailboat so it takes energy to make waves once waves are created they travel and carry the energy with them where does the energy to make waves like these come from on a day when the wind is not blowing the water surface is often smooth but on a windy day there are always waves if wind can supply enough energy to push sailboats and make small waves let's find out if wind can also make waves like these or even these [Applause] this is a wave tank it was designed for studying waves under controlled conditions air can be pulled across the water in the tank by a powerful fan at this end the tank has glass sides so that waves can be seen from the outside watch what happens when we turn on the fan at first the wind makes only small ripples on the water as the wind continues the waves grow larger the longer the wind blows the larger the waves become the waves are bigger at the downwind end of the tank than they are at the end where the wind first strikes the water now let's speed up the fan the waves have grown larger it seems that the faster the wind blows the higher the waves become they grow bigger yet as the wind blows down the whole length of the tank the greater the length of water surface the wind blows over the larger the waves it makes the wind blowing over this lake strikes the near side of the lake first and makes only small ripples but on the far side the same wind has produced much larger waves all waves travel out of the area where they were created they continue traveling until they meet an obstacle in this case the shore of the lake so when we see waves at the beach where there is no wind blowing it usually means that the waves have traveled from somewhere out at sea where the wind was blowing making waves [Music] waves like these are found where the wind has been blowing at high speeds in the same direction for a long time and over a large distance the waves spread out from the storm area where they were created they may travel thousands of miles before they lose their energy usually at the shore all waves on water are constantly traveling but what about the water itself does it travel along with the waves the ball stays pretty much in place even though the waves keep moving forward why if the same ball is dropped into a river you know what will happen evidently an object floating on water will move as the water itself is moving could this mean that the water in a wave stays pretty much in place and only the wave shape moves forward let's find out how the water in a wave does move we'll use a wave tank again but instead of using wind to make waves we'll use a mechanical wave generator the regular movement of the wave generator makes waves that are very much alike these relatively simple waves are easier to study than the complex waves we find in the ocean a small ball floating near the surface of the water behaves in much the same way as the larger ball did in the ocean let's watch it in slow motion each time the high point of a wave called the crest approaches the ball the ball rises and moves forward with the wave as the crest passes and the low point in a wave called the trough approaches the ball the ball moves down and backward after each cycle the ball is back to just about where it started the motion of the ball is almost circular this means that the water on which the ball is floating is moving in a similar orbit we can imagine that the ball represents a particle of water near the surface by putting weighted balls into the water we can see what happens under the surface the uppermost ball moves in an almost circular orbit but the deeper we go the smaller the orbits become and the slower the water particles move finally at a certain depth there is no orbit at all if we measure the depth at which a wave no longer moves the water particles we find that this depth is equal to about one half the distance between two successive wave crests this distance is called a wavelength the deepest ball is at a depth greater than half a wavelength the upper balls are less than half a wavelength deep now we know something about how water moves in a wave but why do waves break as they approach the beach this is a typical sandy beach at high tide at low tide we see that the beach is actually a gradual slope as the waves travel into the shallower water on the slope they break looking at such a beach from the air we see that the closer the waves are to the beach the shorter their wavelengths become notice the change of wavelengths from here to here this must mean that the waves are slowing down and bunching up as they approach the shore what is happening to the water particles within the waves we have seen that most of the orbital motion in a wave takes place within half a wavelength of the surface here the bottom of the tank is beginning to slope upward like a beach at this point the bottom is a little less than half a wavelength under the water surface and it is beginning to interfere with the orbital motion of the water particles the circular orbits of the deeper water particles are being flattened the waves are said to feel bottom when this happens the waves slow down nearer the surface the water particles are orbiting faster and the ones at the surface are orbiting fastest of all as the waves move into still shallower water and slow down even more a point is reached where the water particles at the crests are moving faster within their orbits than the wave shapes are moving forward the result is that the crests of the waves pitch forward and break [Applause] the same thing happens on a beach these waves moving into shallow water behave in the same way as the waves in the tank as they approach shore the bottom begins to interfere with the orbital motion of the water particles slowing the waves down finally the tops curl forward the waves break and give up their energy on the beach as waves approach the coast they may be traveling at almost any angle to the shoreline but as they get closer they bend until they are almost parallel to the shoreline why do they do this we saw earlier that waves are slowed down more and more as they move into shallower water this means that when waves meet a shoreline at an angle the part of the wave nearest the shore is slowed down first in the meantime the part of the wave that is still in deeper water continues to move forward at normal speed it will not be slowed down until it too reaches shallow water the result of one part of a wave moving faster than another part is to make the wave bend the waves moving into this bay feel bottom first just in front of the headlands and are slowed down but they continue to move almost at full speed through the water in the bay the result is that the waves bend toward the headlands and spread out in the bay that's why the same waves that break hard against the headland break much more gently in a bay the natural waves we have studied so far have resulted from wind energy being applied to the surface of the water the container may be as small as a pond or as large as an ocean this is the lighthouse at scotch cap alaska as it appeared before april 1 1946 early on that morning huge waves destroyed the lighthouse and a radio tower that stood over a hundred feet above sea level about three hours after the waves destroyed the lighthouse similar waves caused this damage to the hawaiian islands over two thousand miles from alaska on the coast of california a tide measuring station in crescent city was recording the normal rise and fall of the tides at almost exactly the same time that the waves hit hawaii this station recorded sudden large changes in the height of the normal water level in addition to these three locations unusual waves were also recorded at several other tide measuring stations along the coast of north and south america the farther away from alaska each station was the later the waves arrived at that station from the speed and direction of the waves scientists calculated that the waves had spread from a small area of the pacific ocean off the coast of alaska the waves crossed the 2200 miles of open ocean between alaska and hawaii in about four and a half hours by dividing the number of miles the waves traveled by the time it took them to cross that distance we find that the waves must have traveled at an average speed of about 488 miles per hour waves traveling at these high speeds couldn't have been caused by wind because wave generating winds never blow that fast what other ways are there of making waves [Applause] one other way is to apply the energy to the container itself [Applause] the waves that damage hawaii were created at the same time and place that a strong earthquake disturbed the floor of the pacific ocean on the open ocean the waves were only a foot or two high and their crests were over a hundred miles apart so passing ships didn't notice them close to the hawaiian shore ordinary waves were lifted to extreme heights and washed over dock and waterfront areas in river mouths the waves appeared as rapid changes in sea level causing sea water to rush far upstream in some places the waves rose almost 40 feet above the normal water level and caused damage more than a quarter of a mile inland fortunately most waves do not carry enough energy to do much damage but all waves do carry some energy and most of it is released against the shore what effect do you think the energy of waves will have on this sandy beach or on this rocky coast will this shoreline always look like this [Applause] again here i am um yeah webcam i don't know it's not integrated so it might be causing issues um i'll try to figure them out uh thank you uh i'm gonna mispronounce this uh simone zeimermann simon uh for the coffee coffee is a wonderful way to reward av geeks uh you can do that by going to ko-fi.com av geeks uh you can also hit the thumbs up button or the like button uh or the button button the thing that says yes we like what av geeks are doing on a daily basis uh etc so i got another film uh set up on the scanner behind me i had to put it on a core because the reel wasn't cooperating with the black magic sintel machine so um here is the dinosaur who wondered who he was ryan murray once oh a very long long time ago about 150 million years or so the world was very warm very wet and full of green growing things into this world hatched a little creature diplodocus the dinosaur well little diplodocus thought he was alone but he had a lot to learn about things like the big green plants and trees all around him about the distant mountains the deep damp dark murky swamp the blue skies with soft white clouds and diplodocus had a lot to learn about just being himself oh well hello who are you [Music] um nice day isn't it hey i'll come back come back [Applause] oh diplodocus had a lot to learn all right but he wanted to learn at least part of him did his tale seem to have a mind of its own ah now i got it [Music] what is that who is that rocks walking rocks running rocks what are you who are you sh i'm the stegosaur the dinosaur you must be new around here don't you know enough to be scared when you hear that roar i'm scared but you're so big what could scare you old allosaur that's who he's a dinosaur that eats dinosaurs that's what [Music] hear that he chased me all the way home from murky sponge oh what monstrous gleaming eyes he has and a lumpy pumpkin tail but your tail has huge spikes in it and look at all those bony plates down your back if i looked as fierce as you do nothing would scare me really hmm but i'm not fierce at all i only eat plants and i do hate to carry this load of bony plates around for nothing next time maybe i'll give that old allosaur a hard time uh thanks diplodicus get platicus is that me sure you're diplodicus the dinosaur didn't you know that oh so i'm a dinosaur too i wonder what i eat green growing things like stethoscopes or do i eat dinosaurs like alison how can i protect myself maybe i can use rocks to make bony plates like stegosaurus [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Music] diplodocus was still having trouble making all his body work together he was so very long pants and all that work wore him out it had been a long long day [Music] [Applause] look at this a moving mountain [Applause] are you a mountain a mountain no are you an island an island mercy no i'm just another dinosaur call me brontosaur [Music] oh that allosaur he chased me home from murky swamp and i'm scared chased you what could be bigger than you he's not bigger but he's meaner oh i see um you eat plants and he eats dinosaurs that eat plants uh-huh and you should see his claws and his big ugly head but look at your big ugly head and you must be the biggest thing in the whole world i do have a lot to log back and forth lucky for me there's water around to hold me up half the time well if i were big like you i'd be brave as a mountain really well well why not i'll show that allosaur i'm big as a mountain man twice as brave thanks diplodecus diplodocus started wondering just how big he would be one day but that day seemed a long way off and right now he was certainly no brontosaur and it was the world and not diplodocus that seemed to be growing bigger and scarier all the time and he was hungry he hadn't eaten since he was hatched out of his egg and he didn't know what to eat what's more he still had trouble making that long body of his work [Music] and then he saw something that looked pretty good could it be food yes diplodocus was a plant eater no question about that [Music] what are you are you a branch a branch of course not can't you see i'm pterodactyl and that horrible allosaur almost caught me in murky swamp but you have wings how could he catch you you wouldn't believe all his long shark teeth but you have wings that's right i keep forgetting aren't they great next time i'll remember thanks diplodicus wish i had wings [Applause] i don't have a bag full of bony plates to protect me i'm not very big yet and i sure can't fly hey what is this deep dark murky place this must be murky swamp murky swamp where the terrible allosaur lives [Music] well it's rocks and mountains [Music] and branches [Music] then maybe this could be and suddenly he thought he saw monstrous gleaming eyes whamping humping tail long sharp teeth this must be the awful allosaur of murky swamp oh oh please mr allosaur don't eat me these um these green plants are delicious really much more delicious than dinosaurs were you speaking to me uh no i i was talking to that actually what is that you don't know no i don't know why it's the most terrible and terrifying dinosaur in murky swamp that well just look at that head and those eyes and those teeth while he eats his allosaurus [Music] [Music] huh [Laughter] thanks friends for saving me we didn't save you you saved yourself i guess we all saved each other at least for a while and that's what having friends is for hey what is that thing anyway must be something else that's new around here yes never saw anything like it before it's a new kind of plant isn't it let's call it a flower sword [Music] well diplodocus finally did grow up and he was much much longer for a diplodocus was the longest dinosaur there ever was maybe that's why it always took him so long to make his tail do what his head wanted to and the flower sore well that was just the start of a whole other story [Music] um so i have the uh the teachers notes uh film objectives this film will help people to realize that uh size and appearance are not always close to character understand how dinosaurs hero quick thinking uh turned a mistake into an advantage and to relate and relate this to some occasion in which they felt good about using their own minds identify characteristics of several dinosaurs and associate each with its name group dinosaurs as meat eaters or plant eaters and then here's some questions that you can ask yourself uh why was everyone afraid of the allosaur did the diplodocus and his friend fool the allosaur can you think of a time when quick thinking helped you why did the uh diplodocus think stegosaurus was so fierce was he fierce how do you know uh what are some things diplodocus didn't know about himself how did he try to find those things out who helped him and then finally tell how each of the creatures you saw could protect itself from the allosaur so there you go that's a dinosaur who wondered what he was very strange um so here's another drawing that the kids did i think peter did this it's me with my shirt with some lasagna um and then katrina is hanging upside down as she is prone to do uh thanks everybody for tuning in today i hope everybody has a great weekend uh it's juneteenth and it's father's day and some people are probably graduating um and stuff and it's it's hot here it's very hot but the public pool just opened so i'm very excited about that so everybody have a great uh weekend and we'll be back on monday we'll watch some more 16 millimeter films and you know do what we do thanks again if you like what you saw thumbs up and like and it's awesome good times and then also you can go to ko-fi.com av geeks to donate or you can buy some dvds at avgeeks.com everybody take care and we'll talk soon goodbye you