AV Geeks Lunch 6-16-2022

so so do all right so we've got a drawing of me sleeping wearing a 16 millimeter hold on oops all right i'm sleeping dreaming about uh a film that i want uh count spirakite and also a slice of lasagna that was uh courtesy of uh i think that's sarah one of the kids that um watches us home schools and somehow gleans educational uh content out of what we do every day at the av geeks lunchtime streaming show and i'm skip alzheimer who's wearing a shirt um i don't know this is a part of a campaign we did a long time ago kind of a indiegogo of crowdsourcing thing where we digitized a bunch of film raised twenty thousand dollars is there interested in a shirt like this like i might reprint these um let me know uh they'll be a different color but the this would be the same um anyways uh how's everybody doing thanks for tuning in today got lots of films to watch lots of 16-millimeter films um i once dated someone who loved underwriters laboratories loved um labs that were dedicated to breaking things running too much power through things um just to see like you know if they would break if they catch fire things like that so here's a film it's got some water damage at the beginning uh the underwriters laboratories enjoy and importantly is the automatic sprinkler system tested in regulated ovens to determine the temperature see the solder from the link begin to flow at the reach critical temperature the link parts and the water is released equipment for numerous other tests of fire hoses wires recorders and tables some of the samples are submitted for additional proof others have been sent in by the factory inspectors of the laboratory to counter check samples from the rubber lining of the hose are die cut to uniform tape and size repairing them for tensile strength and other physical tests investigation of the physical properties of the rubber lining of a hose or of a wire's insulation gives a quick indication of how well it will do its job as well as how long it will remain safe samples must have rigid specifications for tensile strength and stretch after the copper conductor has been carefully removed from the rubber insulation marks two parts are made on the tube which is then placed in the machine pointers connected by a measuring tape follow the marks during stretching when the break comes tensile strength and stretch have been measured these tests show that the wire coverings are treated so that fire will not spread along the wire's length after successive applications of a bunch of a rubber compound are determined by using this apparatus weighed samples are placed in a linen cloth which in turn is twisted and placed in the extraction cup the cup is suspended in a weighed extraction flask containing acetone or chloroform here the siphon cup is emptying an operation repeating every three or four minutes rubber compounds deteriorate with age to determine how much they are subjected to oxygen at 300 pounds pressure at 158 degrees fahrenheit in 96 hours the effects of months or years of normal aging are reproduced the physical properties of these specimens are then compared with those of untested specimens this machine was designed to show how well cord will stand the kinking it undergoes in use to be approved by the underwriters heater cords must stand three thousand twists and untwists from the lamp the ballast which is the part that makes the lamp work heats up considerably here an engineer is checking the wiring in a fluorescent lamp fixture preparatory to attaching thermocouples for a heating test electric discharge lighting systems of 1 000 volts or less are commonly known as cold cathode lighting the testing of these fixtures not only involves the usual tests for temperatures but also the possibility of shock hazards the starting voltage on most of these fixtures is close to a thousand volts and thus requires special installation on the wiring as well as on the lamp holders and other parts armored cable and flexible steel conduit must pass tension tests to win underwriters laboratories labels armored cable must support 300 pounds for one minute without opening up its convolution some types of electrical raceways have a corrosion protective coating of zinc the thickness and uniformity of the zinc are determined by four or more repeated one-minute dips into a copper sulfate solution solderless lugs or wire connectors are tested by this machine to see that they maintain tight secure electrical joints wires cables and cords are means of conducting electricity other equipment controls it in this laboratory the engineers test switches circuit breakers fuses and other protectives and equipment this switch must operate fifty times at one and a half times its ampere rating and then six thousand times at rated current and voltage thermocouples attached to motor controllers and other circuit equipment indicate the temperatures reached at critical points while devices perform their intended functions safe temperature limits for various materials must not be exceeded circuit breakers act as electrical safety valves and when operating under most severe short-circuit conditions must not fire cotton packed around them in a 5 000 ampere circuit the breaker trips but the cotton fires a failure fuse is also are protective devices here we see an engineer check temperatures while testing to see that they carry their rated current indefinitely in this scene the familiar plug type fuse is packed in cotton for a short circuit test like the circuit breaker it should open the circuit without exploding or igniting the cotton the short circuit current is 10 safely during long periods of use many types of current consuming electrical appliances are tested for fire and accident hazards temperatures are measured during the operation of portable electric heaters then they're draped with cheesecloth to develop maximum heat in a short time if the cloth ignites the heater is not approved other tests are made turning machines must pass heating tests and then an insulation test of nearly nine times the voltage on which they are designed to be used in the burnout test this mangle in contrast to the way it's intended to be used is run indefinitely with its shoe pressed on the roll to meet this test the machine must be as full proof and fire safe as possible radio sets amplification equipment recording devices and electric games are tested in this laboratory underwriters engineers check overheating electrical ratings and examine the insulation of parts carrying dangerous voltages to see that they're foolproof in the face of amateur tampering here is one of the newest home radios a television receiver the electrical circuits through the picture tube the big tube on the bench to the right are being tested under controlled conditions at voltages higher than normal this is one of many tests on television sets to ensure protection to the user under all normal and abnormal conditions sometimes radio users absent-mindedly leave sets turned on while away from home to learn whether dangerous heat will be generated the engineers attach thermocouples to the receiver replace it in the cabinet and then attach a back cover to reproduce the effect of standing the set close against the wall when time enough has elapsed for maximum temperatures to develop they are checked to see if they are dangerously high and now from heat to cold or rather to refrigerators water coolers and air conditioning systems their electrical parts are tested as well as the tubing condensers tanks and compressor units pressure limiting controls must operate satisfactix unit carburetor was designed at underwriters laboratories incorporated for accurate production of explosive vapor and air mixtures the partial pressure method of analysis is used to determine that the concentration of the explosive mixture is correct for each test motors lighting fixtures switches and other devices to be tested are carefully examined and then marked for holes to be drilled and tapped for gas lines spark plugs and pressure recorders this large motor has been filled with an explosive gasoline vapor air mixture and the cabinet surrounding it is filled with the same mixture with the motor running the inside mixture will be exploded by a spark plug but the surrounding gas within the cabinet should not explode and the motor itself must not be damaged watch the little revolving drum closely there the mixture in the motor has been fired and here is the record of the pressure generated by the explosion this lighting fixture is for use where gasoline nafta benzene or other inflammable vapor air mixtures are present both fixture and cabinet are filled with explosive gas a spark plug fires the gas inside the explosion is confined and the fixture is approved by the underwriters a similar test on this magnetic motor starter but it shoots out flame and the gas in the cabinet explodes a faulty sign in still another laboratory the safe performance of oil burners under normal and extreme conditions is determined using the grade of oil for which they are designed they are operated 10 minutes on and 10 minutes off for 195 hours performance and condition are constantly checked next they're run continuously seven hours a day for three days character of flame and facilities for its regulation are important factors to be investigated to assure reliable performance during severely cold weather burners must operate satisfactorily with oil chilled to a below freezing temperature and with the ignition voltage reduced to 70 percent of normal in the can use pressure cookers may introduce serious accident hazards in the home unless approved by the underwriters here an engineer tests the pressure limiting device which must release when the pressure reaches a predetermined figure many special studies are carried on dealing with spontaneous ignition with the flashpoints of cleaning fluids with sweeping compounds paints insecticides and other inflammables even household matches are passed upon their ignition temperature measured risk of accidental lighting determined in danger of afterglow check [Music] and now testing for safety from another kind of hazard burglary if men with the best of tools and equipment can steal the contents of a safe in any reasonable time that safe cannot be called burglar proof modern criminals do use oxyacetylene torches in their ingenuity they often have contrived the time and privacy necessary for a noisy and vigorous attack with sledge and chisel this safe however is tough enough to present real problems even to the experts of underwriters laboratories having cut through the outer metal shell and chipped away the dense concrete they next attack the inner compartment with an electric power drill but this seems to be of a special alloy that defies them [Music] if it won't drill perhaps the torch will serve again the men will break in eventually but if it takes long enough the safe may be approved by underwriters when the shooting starts in a holdup bullet resisting glass may be a welcome protection providing it really resists when samples of glass are tested in this indoor range at underwriters laboratories anything from an automatic pistol to a submachine gun is used tested within the limits of its particular specifications the sample may be gas guns are important protection in public rooms of banks and elsewhere here a gas cartridge is loaded into a gun of a type designed for bank installations the end and the sprinkler distribution determined control valves for sprinklers if these lists contain the catalog numbers of the 25 000 or more different types of devices materials and systems which have been approved by the underwriters they're published annually for free distribution the bi-monthly supplement reports the listings of all products approved after the annual publications were issued [Music] the inspection label of this service organization these are the labels by which you may identify many products which have passed the tests their presence on an article tells you not only that the construction and performance were tested in one of the three laboratories in chicago new york or san francisco but and this is of equal importance that while the device remains approved by the underwriters the production at the factory where it is made is constantly checked by one of the laboratory's 300 field engineers or inspectors located at 175 stations throughout the united some problems st oops wrong one um so yeah there was definitely some water damage there uh the title and the ending was clipped but that was paul harvey man i was very excited to hear that and there's some good ears out there that noted that um i would love to pay money to recreate some sort of ai that just reads everything in paul harvey's voice and in his um uh his pacing of how he talks um yeah that would be a great investment in ai technologies um yeah so so great all right so behind me i have film scanner set up with some films um and this one is with a an inquisitive cat part of a series um let's uh let's watch enjoy hold on [Music] i wonder [Applause] i wonder what do you wonder i wonder why doesn't grass grow on the moon how do you know grass doesn't grow on the moon didn't you ever see the pictures when the astronauts were there there isn't any grass on the moon just rock and dust grass doesn't grow there at all no plants grow there and i wonder why well if you're curious enough you can find out how why not just look around and see what you can find out about grass here on earth well one thing i can tell i guess is that grass just about everywhere it's on lawns and in parks it even grows up between the cracks on the sidewalk it's in a lot of places what about over there on that lawn oh there's a place on that lawn where there isn't any grass but someone is planting seeds there are those grass seeds yes they are so that means pretty soon grass will be growing here too that's right it'll happen too slowly for you to see but if grass grew fast enough it would look like this wow every seed has a tiny plant inside it and as it grows you can see that each tiny grass plant has roots stems and leaves but before seeds can grow into plants like this they need some help they do yes that's what the grass seeds that were planted here are getting what is that stuff it came from that bag i can read that fertilizer what's fertilizer it's a mixture of things called minerals without the right minerals the young plants won't grow so maybe grass doesn't grow on the moon because there aren't minerals there that plants need [Applause] well astronauts collected soil and brought it back from the moon [Music] and scientists who studied the moon soil found that it has many of the same kinds of minerals in it that soil on the earth has and when they planted seeds in the soil from the moon the seeds grew i guess that means that moon soil does have enough minerals so maybe plants need something else besides minerals is that right yes good thinking now look over there what's happening to the ground where the grass seeds were planted it's getting watered someone's sprinkling water on the ground where the seeds are [Music] but the grass that's already growing is being watered too well it looks like the grass is being watered but i'm looking really closely now and i can see that most of the water that's falling on the grass falls off of it and lands on the ground good you're doing some good looking and clear thinking and if you could see under the ground you'd see the water going down through the soil it goes down to the roots of the grass plants and you know what it does there what the water dissolves some of the minerals in the soil minerals dissolve in water just the way powdered drink mix dissolves in water [Music] and dissolving minerals is very important for plants because that's the only way they can take in the minerals through their roots minerals have to be dissolved for plants to use them [Music] soil water with the minerals in it moves from the roots to the stem from there it goes to the leaves of the plant [Music] and the leaves perk up not as fast as i'm showing you of course [Music] i see so grass needs water to grow all plants do [Applause] [Music] so that's why grass doesn't grow on the moon there isn't any water there even though there are the minerals that plants need to grow well now you've found part of the answer to your question but even if it rained on the moon grass still wouldn't grow there why not well maybe it'll help if you think about the time you saw the astronauts on the moon okay what color hair did the astronauts have what color hair oh i couldn't see that they all had spacesuits on why didn't they take their spacesuits off because um because i don't know because inside their spacesuits there is air for them to breathe astronauts have to carry their own supply of air with them when they're on the moon because there isn't any air on the moon that's right people need air and so do cats and all animals and so do plants from the air plants get important substances they need in order to grow and stay alive the air gets into the plants through their leaves on the undersides of the leaves there are tiny holes where the air the plant needs comes in so now i know some reasons why grass doesn't grow on the moon even though there are minerals in the ground there isn't any water and there isn't any air but are there any other reasons i haven't thought about yes there's one more important reason maybe going to a greenhouse will help you find the answer what do you see well lots of plants are growing here warm inside and bright and just about the whole greenhouse is made of glass why do you suppose it's made of glass i think it must be so that the sunlight can shine in the plants just the way it does when they're growing outside of a greenhouse i see sunlight that's what plants need yes green plants like grass need sunlight or any other kind of light that gives them energy they need energy to grow and to keep warm but not too warm can you remember what sometimes happens when the weather is very hot for a long time and there isn't any rain i remember the grass turns brown and sometimes the grass dies that's because sometimes the sun makes it too hot for grass to grow but it gets much hotter on the moon than it ever gets on earth an astronaut spacesuit has to be air-conditioned inside for the astronaut to be protected from the sun's energy the sun makes it hotter than boiling water on the moon that high a temperature would cook grass or any other plant but when it's night on the moon or even just where there are shadows it gets very cold there much colder than it ever gets on earth [Music] think about places here on where winters are very cold what happens to the grass grass stops growing it doesn't start growing again until the weather gets warm like it is now but on the moon it's very very hot or very very cold too hot and too cold for plants to live there and that's because of something you've already found out there isn't any air on the moon so that's another reason plants need air so it won't get too hot or too cold for them good thinking but i can't figure out why air makes a difference well you see in the daytime the air stops some of the sun's energy from reaching us so the earth never gets too hot and at night air holds in some of the sun's energy so the earth never gets too cold plants like grass can't live in places where it gets too hot or too cold like it does on the moon so now i really do know why grass doesn't grow on the moon don't i yes and i also think you know enough now to figure out how you could get grass to grow there just use your imagination [Music] well i guess first i need a spacesuit for myself and then i'd need a greenhouse that was filled with air [Music] and i'd have water and i'd better have air conditioning so it wouldn't get too hot when the sun was out and heat lamps so it would be warm enough at night on the moon well maybe someday there will be something like your greenhouse there and meanwhile i don't have to wonder anymore why grass doesn't grow on the moon [Music] so uh mel waskin you saw his name in the credits maybe um he did a lot of the later coronet stuff i think from the 70s on he did a lot of um things he has a couple of uh feature film credits as well um mostly for animation stuff but um yeah that cat had so many questions so many questions anyways let's uh let's learn about the skeleton enjoy [Music] [Applause] [Music] the human body frame is an amazing assembly of pillars and columns of rings and arches of bridges and supports all movable all designed for maximum efficiency for work without interruption for many many years [Applause] from the times of the games in ancient olympia to modern athletic contest man has tested the power and endurance of his body in stiffest competition [Music] [Applause] [Music] in the quest for more knowledge about his own body man tried to find out how each species adapts itself to the environment he recognized that plants develop special cells and fibers that hold up their beautiful flowered heads he found that animals have different types of support some have an outside support like the sponge the coral the clam they are enclosed in their houses but the vertebrates the fish the reptiles the birds and the mammals have an internal body frame which gives them a greater freedom of motion and among the mammals the human species is the only one that developed a frame which holds it upright and gives it strength and mobility on the ground in the water in climbing jumping or running some two hundred bones of every conceivable size and shape moved by some seven hundred muscles are ready to perform feats of great skill and follow every command of a highly developed nervous system [Music] each of the 200 bones of the human skeleton has a specialized function to perform but all the bones together give the body its shape at the same time many of the bones protect and support the organs of the body the ribs protect the lungs the breast bone shields the heart the pelvic girdle with a part of the spinal column protects the lower abdominal cavity the pelvic girdle also provides the base for both legs the bones of the cranium are thick and firmly connected to protect the most important of all organs the brain and the delicate sensory organs such as the eyes and ears the spinal cord this sensitive and all important organ is guarded from injury by small bones or vertebrae which at the same time provide firm but flexible support for the trunk part of the body to permit the body to move freely the human skeleton has a number of joints each serving a special purpose the elbow joint resembles a hinge and is called the hinge joint a hinge joint allows movement in one direction only but with considerable pulling power the knee bones also function like hinges on the door the moving x-ray picture demonstrates this one-sided motion of the hinge joint of the knee the shoulder joint gives considerable freedom to the arm which can rotate in several directions such a joint is called a ball and socket joint just like the arm at the shoulder the legs at the hip can move nearly in every direction the ball and socket joint is so designed that it allows a rotary motion in several directions the wrist can also move in several directions but the wrist motion is achieved by another type of joint called a gliding joint because the wrist bones glide over each other as the wrist moves up and down or sideways bones could not stand the friction and tension demanded of them if it were not for constant lubrication every movement of the joints is lubricated by a secretion called the synovial fluid this fluid is secreted by membranes located at the joint ends of bones the synovial fluid and the cartilage of the joints provide frictionless motion the size of bones varies with the function they have to perform bones grow along lines of stress a well-developed shin bone for instance can support twenty times its normal load however man is not born with a hard and strong skeleton bones develop gradually out of a jelly like matter this process begins during the second month of the embryo here is roughly how this is accomplished at those points in the embryo where connective tissue is subjected to stress and strain fibers are pressed closer together and first form cartilage under the microscope cartilage cells appear as round bodies embedded in an amber like jelly let's go in closer bone develops gradually as blood vessels penetrate into the cartilage these blood vessels are accompanied by young connective tissue cells which absorb the jelly like mass around the cartilage cells the blood stream brings calcium to the new cells they mix the calcium with the jelly into bone substance the connective tissue crowds the cartilage cells out of their former positions the cartilage cells withdraw and take up new positions further away this process of gradual retreat of cells lengthens the bones on each end and the skeleton grows longer and thicker in other words the individual grows as soon as the child begins to stand up his legs must support him the cartilage was only a temporary scaffold which now must give way to a firm and strong bone matter the weight of the child presses upon the bones of the skeleton especially on the legs weight is distributed along definite lines of stress cartilage and newly developed bone matter are stimulated to grow together along these lines of stress wherever the cells have not been under stress they gradually degenerate and disappear leaving an internal bone structure of spongy character which makes the bones light but strong capable of holding up the weight of the body just as the network of slender steel girders holds up a heavy roof or a bridge the structure of bone is extremely complex a greatly magnified view would reveal that bone walls are composed of tiny tubes called haversian systems a still closer view of one such tube would disclose a tiny blood vessel in the center it gives nourishment to thousands of bone cells connected with each other in spider-like fashion by many minute canals the bone-forming cells are encased in their shells and surrounded by a cement-like mass of collagen fibers and calcium the bone-forming cells are arranged in rings around the central canal through which the blood vessel grows the cells produce calcified bone matter with which they first surround themselves then they produce more of it to fortify the structure around themselves until they are completely imprisoned in it leaving only an opening for a tiny capillary which then brings them food from the central blood source thousands of tubes closely knit together form the bone all bones of the skeleton large and small develop in the same way they are composed of the same organic and inorganic matter all bone consists of mineral salts and living matter it is easy to demonstrate the mineral and tissue contents of the bone some acids will dissolve most of the mineral matter out of the bone leaving only the bone substance the general appearance of the bone has not changed but now the bone has no rigidity it bends without breaking burning removes all living tissue from the bone one light stroke will chip it again the shape of the bone has not been altered much but it has lost all elasticity the minerals enter the body with food and the blood carries them into the bone tissue in childhood and adolescence the diet must be particularly balanced to ensure adequate mineral supply milk is a natural source of minerals for all young mammals but minerals are not enough certain vitamins especially vitamin d are necessary for the process of ossification just as bones develop along the line of greatest stress so ligaments and joints develop through constant exercise [Music] with exercise the spinal column loosens up to allow considerable freedom of motion forward and backward and to both sides it is important to keep it in good shape because the backbone is the axis of the skeleton and yet few people have perfectly shaped spines round backs can be seen everywhere sometimes well-formed spines get bent out of shape when children carry loads that are too heavy for them but round and hollow backs are mostly the result of bad habits the spinal column should neither be misused nor condemned to inactivity lack of exercise is one of the most frequent causes of a weak spine high heels can also force the spine out of shape the best form of exercise for the spinal column is carrying a moderate load on the head balancing a load on the head forces all parts of the spinal column to become active and it develops strength and flexibility we have seen that bones develop out of soft cartilage during the years of growth proper food gives the body all the essential building materials for a healthy frame proper exercise influences the size and strength of the bones once developed the body frame needs to be kept strong and healthy by good posture by constant use of all the joints tendons and ligaments by wearing proper clothes and especially footwear and by frequent exercise in fresh air in short by developing and keeping up this wonderful framework with which nature has endowed us when given proper care the human body is capable of meeting all the exigencies of daily living but it is up to everyone to develop the potentialities of his own body friend in order to enjoy a richer healthier life [Music] [Applause] [Music] i have notoriously bad posture um the uh i think it's because i went through a growth spurt before my friends did so i was much taller than everybody else and i was very self-conscious about that uh that's one of the reasons i think um i have poor posture now um yeah so that was pretty great i loved at the beginning the intense the super dramatic music that was being played uh during the beginning of the skeleton um yeah so just a quick uh appeal if you like what you saw and you're watching um you can certainly get us some coffee you can go to ko-fi.com av geeks to buy us coffee that we will spend that money on coffee but we will also spend it on other things that are related to the archive such as a new webcam uh a subscription service that lets us broadcast to multiple things uh our internet all that stuff those are all things that uh your coffee donation will buy us a plus wonderful caffeination all right uh i know what you're thinking i love that wonder cat i want to see him ask another series of questions uh so here is uh what is the brightest star in the sky enjoy [Music] i wonder i wonder what do you wonder wonder cat i wonder what's the brightest star in the sky what is the brightest star in the sky if you're curious enough you can find out look over there are those stars they seem to be getting brighter and brighter and brighter oh they're not stars at all they're airplane lights they look even brighter than the stars [Music] but that must be because i'm closer to them than i am to the stars [Music] but there's a bright star that looks like the brightest star in the sky it does but it doesn't twinkle like the stars do that's because it's not a star it's a planet it's the planet venus part of our solar system you need a telescope to see that it's not really a star it's bright because the clouds all around it are lit up by the light of the sun [Music] but it's so far away that it looks like a star but it's not as far away as the stars are the brightest objects in the night sky aren't stars at all the moon for instance isn't a star it's lit up by the light of the sun too that's why it's so bright it doesn't give off any light of its own [Music] when the astronauts were there the sun lit them just the same as it lit up the moon even the earth is bright when the astronauts see it from space because it's lit up by the light of the sun the moon and the earth and the other planets are lit by the sun but the sun is a star and the stars are bright because they're hot enough to give off their own light but i still wonder what's the brightest star in the sky you won't have to wander long [Music] the brightest star in the sky is on its way it may not be the brightest star in the whole universe but it's the brightest star to us on earth because it's our nearest star is it the sun is the sun a star that's right the sun is a star it's so bright it makes the whole sky bright but where are the other stars now the sun makes the sky so bright you can't see the other stars when the sun is shining it's so bright you should never look directly at it if i put my sunglasses on i can look at it no even with sunglasses on you should never look directly at the sun scientists who work here know that this is a place where astronomers study the sun a solar observatory astronomers don't look at the sun directly when they study it they use mirrors that reflect the light of the sun and let them look at its image instead of at the sun itself [Laughter] the sun's light is reflected down a long tunnel into the place where the astronomers work and even then they wear very dark glasses to protect their eyes even though the image they look at isn't nearly as bright as the sun itself the bright sun lights our world and keeps it warm in the daytime [Music] even when it's cloudy or at night or when you can't see it we still get its warmth because the sun is shining on the earth all the time [Music] if the sun's always out there shining how does it get to be night well if we make these shadows move a lot faster than they usually do maybe you'll be able to figure it out yourself hey clouds are making those shadows [Music] in the sunlight things are bright but in a cloud shadow things are darker there's less light [Music] the cloud keeps some of the sun's light from shining through [Music] but the cloud's moving and in the place where the shadow was things are brighter and warmer again now the sun is shining here again so now i know the shadows are places where the sun's light is blocked but i still don't know what they have to do with day and night [Music] you will just remember whenever you see a shadow you can always be sure that something is blocking some light i just noticed something else a thing that makes a shadow has a bright side and a dark side and the dark side of the tree is part of the shadow [Music] remember anytime something blocks the light we get a shadow you said that yourself sunlight shines on this part of the tree but the sunlight can't get through the tree to the ground where the sunlight doesn't come through we say it's a shadow but the front of the tree also blocks the light from the back of the tree the back of the tree is in the shadow of the tree too sure i see whenever a part of something is in the sunlight another part of it is in its own shadow like my head now one of my eyes is in the sunlight the other eye is in the shade but you're not looking at the sun good i can just turn my head and now both of my eyes are in the shadow my head makes in the shadow out of the shadow just by turning my head and do you know what else turns what the world it turns around and around in space as the earth turns everything on the earth you for instance turns with it when the earth turns and you go into its shadow then it's night where you are and then when you come out of the shadow it's daytime where you are now i see why knowing about shadows helps me understand why we have day and night i thought you'd see so when the sun seems to be setting it's not really moving at all it's the earth that's moving our part of the world is moving into the earth's shadow as it turns away from the sun night is coming night time is the time for me to rest but now i know the sun is the brightest star in the sky and i'll have a lot more to wonder about tomorrow when the turning earth moves me into the sunlight again [Music] uh yeah uh that kind of took me by uh surprise um so i get it some of you don't like wonder cat and you don't want to see any more wondercat asking any more questions um so we won't watch any more wonder cat um unfortunately i don't have another film uh set up so we'll end a little bit early today but i do appreciate you guys chiming in even if you you're chiming in saying like oh i can't stay in that filth not every film we're going to be showing is going to be a hit but um i appreciate you at least giving it the time and sticking the films out because they're mostly short so um join us tomorrow uh friday we'll have some more 16 millimeter films and no wonder cat tomorrow maybe sometime later we'll have some but not right now um if you like what you saw you can hit the like button the subscribe button the thumbs up button you can tell other people about what we're doing all those are great ways to say hey uh this is interesting um hi internet uh why don't you tell more people about this you can also go to avgeeks.com and buy dvds and see other things we've digitized and other shows we've done you can also go to ko fi.com av geeks tobias coffee um thanks again everybody for tuning in today uh and we will see you again tomorrow everybody bye-bye you