AV Geeks Lunch 5-23-2022

at wrestle of polytechnic institute troy new york dr paul harteck and his colleague dr robert r reeves working on an asthma grant has succeeded in creating conditions which produced the recent dust storms on the planet mars this is the apparatus used in the experiment the two hanging arms simulate the polar caps while the connecting tube represents the martian surface and equatorial regions the experiment which produced the dust stones began with the cooling of the polar cap simulating the coming of winter this cooling process condenses carbon dioxide from the atmosphere at the opposite pole spring is created by removing a cooling bath and placing a beaker of warm water over the polar arm this warms the cap along with its dust and other material thus generating turbulence which quickly develops into a violent dust storm throughout the winds and dust storm the atmosphere of carbon dioxide is transported over the martian surface and equatorial regions to the freezing winter pole there a growing polar cap condenses the carbon dioxide now here we see the turbulent gas dust mixture as it passes over the simulated mars surface at pressures equivalent to those at the surface of the planet the martian atmosphere is almost entirely carbon dioxide while that on earth is largely oxygen and nitrogen actually what we're witnessing is a change of seasons we saw on the left the summer pole cooled down to simulate the approach of winter simultaneously the winter pole was slowly warm by the sun and the carbon dioxide began to evaporate or better desorb consequently there was a current of carbon dioxide from one pole to the other which along the way picked up dust particles on the surface of mars which had adsorbed carbon dioxide finally after most of the carbon dioxide had escaped that is the transport from one pole to the other over the mars surface the violent boiling of the surface subsides the sands are now ready for the next winter season when the process reverses itself we won yay we won congratulations everybody who voted and participated that first film through me is supposed to be silent but it actually had a boring narrator talking um anyways um yes we won the toe tapping tournament 2023 against uh found footage festival it was a little nerve-wracking as uh there were some strong candidates that you guys voted on very strong and i had some questions about the judging although i kept it uh i tried to keep it um chill because the judge is a friend of mine but uh i really questioned some of the uh some of the choices that found footage festival had as far as original songs written for the video or commercial versus films all the songs that we had were made for um the the films that we showed and you guys voted some real wonderful ones uh the winning song as many guests even before we competed was garbage in your gut thank you old radios for remembering that um i had it in my notes but i had misspelled a toe tapping tournament and so i didn't find it in the first pass so you reminded me and i found it and so thank you for that so uh what was at stake was uh the club a painting that they had uh had commissioned last year they wanted that back and then uh they wanted uh joe wanted this clown thanksgiving painting which was found in the thrift store years and years ago and he has been obsessing about it so we offered kaishan my assistant actually came up with this idea of well if we lose you get those those paintings but if we win then we get uh you guys coming down dressed as clowns serving us thanksgiving uh dinner and it didn't have to actually be thanksgiving but uh i think that that was the that was the clincher that was maybe what the judging uh the judge was interested in actually seeing and participating in that so there you go uh all right so um that is now done so again thank you so much for participating in that and we can get into watching some more films uh i have on the the scanner i'm getting the finger down but not the uh where which direction i'm supposed to go uh we have a film called uh town and country recreation enjoy [Music] [Applause] [Music] if you haven't been in spring valley for a few years you'll probably be surprised at the changes remember the small town and the surrounding farms that just didn't seem to be going anywhere well you'll be impressed now with many new things that will make you want to spend more time in the spring valley area perhaps even the rest of your life it may be the homes with their cared-for look or bustling main street or the plant that has taken on seven new men so far this year [Music] or it may be one of the nearby farms also more prosperous than most even the corn is unusually high for this time of year we can tell that all crop yields will be good but if you're more discerning than most the difference will be really apparent in the people of spring valley in the spirit with which they go about their chores the new pride in their work the feeling of purpose and you just know they like it here and they're going to stay in town you'll see it in the warmth of their greeting even to a stranger in the zest of their living and the tilt of their chins that seems to say bring on tomorrow go anywhere in town or far out into the country look closely at the people and you'll see that something has happened since your last trip something big that has affected everybody if you travel a lot you've probably seen a change like this before it's happening in many town and country communities these days but perhaps in most places it's not so easy to see how the change happened in spring valley it's quite a story it all started as it usually does with one man as it happened he was a physician young dr joe gilbert perhaps his profession gave him a greater awareness of the needs of the community but it could just as easily have been a farmer merchant a minister or a farm hand could have been anyone young dr joe's role in spring valley's future could have been filled by anyone who was sensitive to the physical and emotional well-being of his fellow men anyone who sees the town and country as a single community and who studies its problems with the concern deep enough to make him want to take action morning joel hi dad amy here yet no we ought to talk to her about that mrs miller have a baby last night no thought maybe you were up all night we were in the city yesterday your mother bought some things for the children she'll probably drop in on mars today fine driving to the city sure isn't my idea the way to spend a day off but mother enjoys it i guess look are you going to tell me what's wrong sam higgins stopped by yesterday oh he's back bothering him again no mostly he wanted to talk he wanted you but when you weren't here he stayed and talked to me anyway about what dad sam and marth are only a few years older than you and mom i've known them since i was a kid and there isn't anybody more vigorous or full of life yes as sound as you could expect at their age both of them physically yes but sam hasn't been the same in the last year or two you know what he asked for last night sleeping pills for martha said she's restless nervous poor digestion martha well not just for her when i pressed him he finally admitted that he wanted them too what did you give him aluminum sodium quarter grain vid well it won't hurt him any but that will eliminate the problem either you know that as well as i do joe this is an area of medicine that you and i can't do it's just one of those things when a man reaches retirement age and his children have grown up and moved away there's bound to be a feeling of emptiness and futility it's just plain boredom dad and it's not their fault it's the whole community dad i've noticed ever since i got back when you've been away and seen other places you realize it dad this community is dead but we have to do something about it not just for sam and martha and everybody their age but for young adults middle aged everybody how many of the physical symptoms we see every day stem from the same cause if you look deep enough hypertension headaches indigestion and we're only beginning i'm not talking about the obvious mental disorders and what about the youngsters especially when summer comes your infections from swimming at the pond you know there's a lot more to it than that a healthy outlook on life emotional stability the fact that the pressures of daily living are constantly becoming greater and the fact that we have more and more time to think about our problems we've known for years that wholesome recreation is a basic human need exactly but now i'm going to do something about it goodness knows something has to be done yes you know it and maybe i know it but this is everybody's problem but somebody has to start it joe spring valley's been waiting for someone like you but if you succeed we're going to have to find a new profession a merry heart do with good like a medicine [Music] it's surprising when you have a really good idea how many neighbors you'll find who've been concerned with the same problem hoping for a solution and anxious to help all it takes is one person who will let enough people know that their problem is shared by many others and that all the others are looking for the answer too but now they need not look alone they can look together all ages all interests now all with a common desire for action desire for action will usually find its focus in a committee form to explore the whole problem thoroughly and make a start toward its solution the exact makeup of the committee will of course vary from one community to the next but successful recreation committees usually include such persons as the editor of the local newspaper a member of the school board or school principal and a minister or priest naturally concerned with the welfare of the community all interests in the community should be represented with spokesman from leading organizations such as service clubs and lodges the pta women's clubs church groups leading farmers representatives of the various farmer groups businessman perhaps the president of the chamber of commerce youngsters too should have a voice in the planning anyone who recognizes the need for recreation and who can be counted on to carry a project through to completion out of such a group there's at least one person who's especially well qualified to serve as chairman it's not important that he have a knowledge of recreation more important are enthusiasm organizational ability and a talent for serving a spokesman for the group with a good chairman whose opinions will be respected and representation of all ages and all interests in town and country the needs are all too easily pinpointed i think what we need in this community most of all is a swimming pool and a tennis court let's get going on it i don't know sam how do we know what we really need most that's right i'm not sure any of us has the answer isn't there some way we can get some professional help on this someone who really knows recreation i think there is i've already started checking into it and if it's all right with everyone else frank why don't you let me go ahead and contact these people good idea good idea i can see if we can find a consultant or someone someone who'll come down here and talk to us well that's fine doc maybe we can have someone here for our next meeting a recreation consultant key source of guidance in any well-planned recreation program there is such a professional recreation specialist available to every town and country community all it takes is a letter to one of the government agencies or professional groups that promote public recreation at your meeting he could be from the state recreation commission state board of education or university extension service or perhaps the state professional recreation organization or the professional recreator from a nearby town and the presence of this authority brings out everybody's questions and ideas all at once wait a minute the thing we all should remember is that we're not trying to set up a new organization or bring anything new into the community all we want to do is find out a better way to take advantage of what you already have i know you have certain needs or you probably wouldn't have called me in but unless spring valley is totally unlike any other town or country community i've ever seen your needs are more than matched by your resources so our first job is to find out what your needs and resources are i wouldn't spend one cent on facilities or anything else until we do find out that means a complete recreation analysis here i'll show you a complete recreation analysis the recreation needs and desires of everyone in town and the existing facilities to serve those needs that's the first step and a simple questionnaire planned with the help of the consultant will do it a simple questionnaire plus a lot of effort by many volunteers to interview as many people as possible to get the facts [Music] facts about the people their family living habits because recreation is best as a family affair their present recreation activities because a sound program is built on those worthwhile habits already established their preferences for recreation activities a good survey reveals recreation desires never mentioned before even to members of the family here are the human statistics of community need in all its depth and variety a sound basis for planning but the benefits are far more than statistical just talking to people about recreation generates increased interest and enthusiasm new support for the recreation idea and it's here that you begin to uncover your community's human resources you'll find some who have a hobby they're willing and anxious to share here are potential leaders in your community persons who have much to offer in the way of special skills and training abilities perhaps long since forgotten interests that can be rekindled here are untapped resources in every community your volunteer leaders for the program the people are asking for a second phase of the analysis is a survey of physical needs and resources in almost any community one does not have to look far to find inadequate facilities physical needs are almost self-apparent but here again every town and country community has its physical resources too untapped resources that would be the envy of any metropolitan community buildings that lie idle all or part of the time no planning can be done until you've taken stock of your community's total needs and resources but when you have those facts the needs and the resources you can be sure your sound basis analyzing the facts you've gathered is a job that calls for the guidance of the professional recreator he can help you evaluate such factors as population trends financial considerations community resources you can see that spring valley has much more in the way of resources than you might have expected you have the activities of the churches the schools the organizations the golf club in addition to the tremendous untapped resources that we've found the leadership potential and so on now what we must do is to pool those resources expand the activities make them available to the entire community seems pretty obvious then that what we need most is someone to take charge run the whole shooting match a recreation superintendent exactly with qualified leadership you can have good year-round programs even with limited facilities and with definite economies in the long run well if we're all agreed let's investigate the possibility of hiring a full-time recreation director find out how much it'll cost where we can get one completing the analysis is a matter of thorough investigation and discussion until all the problems involved in setting up a recreation program solved one by one comes the complete creation of christmas a report that in all of the committee's basic recommendations your community recreation council proposes one that recreation be recognized as a basic need of the community to be supported through regular tax sources two that a five-man recreation board be appointed to serve as the governing body three that a qualified recreation superintendent be employed directly responsible to the board for that the appraisal is usually a springboard for action it contains concrete proposals agreed on by the entire committee now the effort has a direction and a drive now volunteers can show all the people what they can do to get the program they want there are still a few obstacles like the inevitable question how do we pay for all this but the basic truth is recreation pays for itself sometimes a recreation district is formed with neighboring communities getting together to share the cost sometimes public funds are available for recreation immediately but the per capita cost is amazingly small and more often than not the people pick up this challenge and raise money by volunteer efforts until funds are available from regular tax sources the only rule is that where people really want the benefits of community recreation they'll find some way to solve financial problems even the fundraising activities themselves can bring some of the benefits of recreation a feeling of personal accomplishment the satisfaction that comes with working together toward a common goal the day the recreation superintendent arrived was the start of a new life in spring valley this man faced the most demanding and exacting challenge and he was most carefully selected he must be administrator planner teacher counselor in the very smallest communities it may be necessary for him to serve in some additional capacity but in no case should recreation be considered a secondary responsibility with the growing recreation needs of persons of all ages the job more and more requires a trained specialist concentrating on his most important job he's responsible only to the recreation board working closely with them he's free to develop all those resources uncovered during the survey and appraisal by planning facilities far into the future working toward a long-range goal you'll get much more for your recreation dollar some communities can start right out with a building program perhaps a complete recreation center but most can afford no such luxury they must work toward that goal bit by bit beginning with the one most needed facility adding to it over the years it's surprising how much you can accomplish with volunteer labor donated materials and equipment building a multi-purpose hard surface play area converting unused land into a park remodeling an old school into a recreation hall there are many facilities that can be acquired with very little cash expenditure but facilities alone do not make recreation fortunate indeed for the town and country community what better nature laboratory and club room is there than the great outdoors how fortunate that any body of water meeting health requirements is an outdoor pool with natural advantages unsurpassed so long as there is the program that provides the necessary supervision and cannot a school or church building idle most of the week serve well as a community center or recreation hall provided there is the program that makes the best use of what is already there as the program gains momentum additional leadership is required and now the recreation superintendent starts to use the human resources discovered during the survey but first he trains them carefully in the philosophy and theory of recreation and in practice and the entire community benefits the participants discover the values of recreation far beyond their expectations and the volunteer leaders enjoy a most important game an outlet for the natural desire to bring pleasure to others benefits that cannot be measured in any way known to man what greater satisfaction than to share a lifelong pleasure with others whose life ahead will be enriched as yours is by the knowledge and skill you share with them sports and games provide an outlet for man's competitive instincts as well as the natural desire of the individual to participate in group activities but fundamental in lifelong enjoyment of sports is the need to learn the basic skills of sports good leadership and a good program provides this instruction and it doesn't stop with the changing seasons because recreation needs continue throughout the year a good program is balanced with full activities for all seasons all ages and all interests participation in quartets choruses instrumental groups and other musical activities satisfies a basic human urge just as dramatics and pageants provide creative outlets for personal satisfaction and the entertainment of others story hours discussion and hobby groups answer a universal desire for new experiences and so it is with all activities in a well-rounded recreation program whether participation is on an individual family or group basis each person derives whatever it is he needs new purpose in life new reason to look forward to tomorrow a sense of accomplishment greater appreciation of the world around him a feeling of belonging recognition that gives one new stature as a person the closer relationship that develops in the family when its members learn how to get more out of life together by learning how to play together the values continue to grow as families get together to share each other's resources now they have a new reason to get together and learn to understand each other better by enjoying their leisure time together and opportunities that once were open to only a few are made available to all more and more a new spirit seems to spread throughout the community even today spring valley's recreation program continues to develop and mature just as any social moral or spiritual force must continue to grow with the community it starts with one man grows to encompass everyone in town and far out into the country and then grows with the community's inevitable growth in ever-growing numbers there are those who are making critical appraisals of their own communities if you too want your community to be a better place to raise your family if you're concerned with making it possible for every person to lead a richer healthier happier life it becomes your obligation to determine whether your community is taking full advantage of all the rich resources that are the natural heritage of every town and country community [Music] that was great so we've we've uh had um films they talked about uh community chests or uh blue feather red feather and this sometimes this is where this funding would come from um and this whole community aspect of like we've got to build something for kids to do because they're going nuts they're so bored um so this is an example of of a community getting together and and building something uh and then you know you have this community center and then you guys have been mentioning like film night well sometimes they might like get feature films but more likely they might get free films uh sponsored films from some of our favorite uh companies so that's exciting uh what i want to know is uh what is water and what does it do enjoy [Music] almost three-fourths of the world's surface is covered by water where water is scarce life is scarce wherever we find a lot of water we find abundant life water supports life and is essential to all living things if we could look closely enough into the water we use every day we would find something like this [Music] scientists have discovered that all things including water are made up of tiny particles and that the particles are constantly moving these particles are called molecules let's imagine that these dots represent the tiny particles or molecules of water the water molecules don't really look like this in fact the tiny particles of which water is made are so small that no one has ever seen them so no one knows what they really look like here is a beaker of water if we pour some sugar in and stir it eventually the sugar will disappear where does the sugar go we say that it dissolves but what does it really mean to say that something dissolves sugar like all materials is made up of molecules each grain of this sugar is made of millions of these tiny particles when the sugar is dropped into the water tiny invisible molecules of sugar separate from each other and move around among the water molecules the white dots stand for the sugar molecules the moving water molecules and the moving sugar molecules often bump into each other and push each other around the result is a mixture of sugar molecules and water molecules the sugar is now dissolved in the water what do you think will happen when we add equal amounts of sugar to equal amounts of cold and hot water watch you can see the result the sugar dissolves faster in the hot water but why does it remember we have said that molecules the tiny particles of which materials are made are constantly moving here's something else when you apply heat to these moving molecules they move even faster the sugar is added it dissolves faster in the hot water than in the cold because the sugar molecules get mixed much more quickly among the fast-moving molecules of hot water than they do among the slower moving molecules of the cold water we have discussed one important property of water dissolving now let's look for some others the towels and clothes on the line are full of water but a few hours later they're dry where did the water go it's out there in the air invisible what do you think is rising into the air from the tea kettle yes it's water the boiling water is escaping into the air just as water from these clothes escaped into the surrounding air when water acts in this way we say that it evaporates which means it turns into a vapor or gas there are many interesting things to learn about evaporation for instance how fast will water evaporate from the wet circle and square on this chalkboard not very fast if we just wait but when a fan is turned on the water evaporates faster the moving air from the fan is making the circle evaporate quickly but the square which is protected from the air blown by the fan remains wet why does a fan make water evaporate quickly we have said that water is made up of tiny molecules of water and that these molecules are always moving scientists have discovered that these molecules move so fast that some of them actually jump out from the surface of the water and escape into the air that's how water evaporates some of the molecules return to the water but when the fan is turned on the moving air blows the molecules away and they can't return to the water in this way the moving air from the fan speeds up the evaporation of the water [Applause] what do you think will happen if we turn on an electric heater and aim it at the wet square the heat seems to make the water evaporate very quickly why does heat speed up the evaporation of water we have said earlier that heat makes molecules move faster when heat is applied to the wet square the water molecules move much faster and escape more quickly into the surrounding air now can you tell why wet clothes are hung out to dry in the wind and sun sun and wind make water evaporate everywhere where does all that water go it goes up into the air so there must be invisible water molecules in the air all around us look closely at that glass of root beer what is the liquid on the outside of the glass is it root beer the liquid tastes like water but where did the water come from did it come from the air around the glass let's try to explain first we'll measure the temperature of the air and of the root beer the root beer is 40 degrees which is much colder than the air which is 88 degrees what do you think happens in the air around the cold glass of root beer these dots represent invisible molecules of water that are moving in the warm air these molecules got into the air from water that has evaporated watch what happens to the water molecules near the cold glass as the water molecules in the air come near the cold glass they get cooler and slow down many of them hit the glass and collect to form droplets of water there let's add some names the water molecules in the air are called water vapor when they collect into drops they condense the change from water vapor to visible water is called condensation by speeding up the action with the camera we can actually see water condensing on this cold glass have you ever seen water condense anywhere else how about fog fog is simply invisible water vapor that has condensed near the cool earth to form tiny droplets in the air in time as the sun warms the air all the fog disappears the heat of the sun makes the tiny water droplets turn back into an invisible vapor or gas again we say they evaporate so far we've talked about water as a liquid and water as a vapor or gas there's a third state in which we can find water watch by speeding up the action with the camera we can watch the water changing from a liquid to a solid as it gets colder and colder most materials take up less and less space as they get colder but water well watch what happens to this bottle filled with water we're closing the top of the bottle so that no water can get out that way we're going to use a deep freeze to cool the water in the bottle below freezing temperature we're doing this with care because it can be dangerous you should not try to do it yourself we are speeding up the action with our camera the water freezes and now because frozen water takes up more space than liquid water the bottle has to break we say that water expands when it freezes that means that it takes up more space now let's find out what happens to water when it is heated this flask is filled with water up to this mark when we light the burner the water begins to heat and rises in the flask in other words the water expands the small amount of water in this flask has been heating for some time a balloon stretched over the neck of the flask expands this small amount of hot water is giving off enough water vapor to blow up this big balloon evidently water expands greatly when it changes to a vapor or gas [Music] the force of expanding water vapor we call it steam can be used to do many useful things not many years ago most of our railroad trains were run by steam can you think of any ways that steam power is used today just ended that's crazy um some great uh molecular animation uh let's learn about getting along with others thank you coronet [Music] foreign have you ever seen such a busy class these children are making costumes from a story we've read they're going to act out the story in a little play i know they'll enjoy that they're all excited about giving the play today but you should have seen them a month ago it looked like they might never give a play then a month ago the class had not learned how to get along together some of them fought over the costumes others argued over who would take the parts and other things the few boys and girls who were trying to work together couldn't get much done i decided we'd have to stop all our preparations these boys and girls wouldn't be able to put on a play until they learned to get along together of course they were disappointed yet they knew that they were not getting along very well so we sat down and had a talk and we discussed things they could do that would help them get along with each other i think they understood how important that was and they said they would try that was a month ago boys and girls can learn a lot in one month let me tell you about some of the things i've seen these boys and girls do in the past week you can see how much they've improved billy for example i saw billy playing football a couple of days ago it was his turn to carry the ball he thought he had a touchdown but the other boys said he'd been tagged at first billy was angry as you might expect he didn't like being called back he started to argue about being tagged but then he remembered our talk about getting along with others he accepted the decision and played fair he played by the rules of the game do you think a boy who has learned to play fair can get along with others what about sally yesterday i saw sally jumping rope judy one of the new girls in our class wanted to jump rope too but she was afraid to ask sally could see that judy wanted to play can you think of what sally did to be friendly to judy of course she asked judy if she wanted to play too do you think a girl who has learned to be friendly knows how to get along with others that same day i saw anne another one of the girls in our class come to school with a new doll the other girls wanted to hold the doll if you were anne would you share the doll with the other girls and did do you think a girl who has learned to share things knows how to get along with others in the afternoon i saw steve one of the boys in our class jimmy was having trouble with his bike the chain had come off and jimmy didn't know how to fix it what do you suppose happened next steve knew how to fix the chain so he helped him put it back on do you think a boy who has learned to be helpful knows how to get along with others it seems these boys and girls get along very well with others at play how do you suppose they get along with others at home i've heard about some of the things jimmy has learned to do at home jimmy has started putting his things away when he's done with them that way he can find them later by taking care of his things jimmy is saving his parents the work of cleaning up after him do you think taking care of things helps you to get along with your parents this past week judy has started helping her mother with the dishes do you think a girl who has learned to help her parents knows how to get along with others what about getting along with brothers or sisters a few days ago donald and his sister were watching television his sister wanted to change the station but donald wanted to keep the same program dad reminded him that they had already seen one program that donald wanted to see donald knew that that was right so he let his sister have her turn do you think that a boy who has learned to take turns knows how to get along with others yes these boys and girls do seem to be getting along well at home and at play and they've learned how to get along well here in the classroom too for example look at donald now he wants to get some water from the sink but some of the other boys and girls are already waiting what will he do of course he's going to the end of the line to wait his turn waiting our turn we know helps us get along with others steve has finished using the sink but he sees the mess that has been left by cleaning the sink he's doing his part to keep the room clean don't you think being helpful is a good way to get along with others what about ann and johnny johnny borrowed anne's pencil and now he's sharpening it before returning it to anne taking care of the things we borrow and sharing things helps us get along with others do you think these boys and girls have learned enough about getting along well together so that we can put on our play all right boys and girls finish your costumes and clean up the tables i think we're ready to give our play let's see how they work together by working together they're able to put their materials away quickly heavy tables are easy to move out of the way when there are others to help with the chairs in a circle everyone in the class can sit together the boys and girls can use their costumes to show the parts they will play well it seems that billy and johnny have made the same costume what will they do well they've decided to take turns so each of them will have a chance at the part yes these boys and girls have learned many things about getting along with others they'll have fun giving the play everything we do becomes more fun when we know how to get along with others [Music] [Music] uh chances are i will show that film to the found footage festival guys as they will be dressed as thanksgiving clowns um and in serving us thanksgiving dinner because we won the toe tapping tournament thanks to you uh the the two kids the two boys dressed as turkeys oh man so good so so good one of them was a cub scout oh god so great anyways i got another film set up on the scanner getting better at this uh i know a lot of you wanted to know more about surface blasting on above ground mining sites well you're in luck here it is enjoy according to report larry says he claimed he told bill to leave with him when he heard the thunder start but bill wanted to stay and lower those last holes the use of explosives in the mining industry has always been a potentially hazardous business blasting materials today are safer and more controllable than ever before why should needless accidents continue to occur in examining blasting accidents the answer seems clear the vast majority are caused by violations of one or more of the explosive safety regulations several violations of regulations and bad safety practices contributed to this fatal accident [Music] okay [Music] hey i think that storm's gonna be that bad it's getting pretty close what do you think i'm going to finish her up well i'll tell you i'm going to get out of here i think you want to get out of here too oh come on let's stay and finish her i'm going to leave really i'll see you [Music] [Music] [Music] while each mining operation is responsible for establishing its own specific practices there are some basic safety procedures that should always be followed when blasting these procedures fall into four categories drilling loading detonation and post-blast examination we will review each step to see how accidents can be prevented surface mining in metal and non-metal operations covers a wide variety of ores and overburdens geological conditions and shot sizes because of this drilling pattern calculations can be quite complex they include various elements that will assure a good blast with minimum hazard the depth the angle the diameter the number and the spacing of holes must be considered as well as the amount and type of initiating devices explosives and blasting agents growing this drill report here we've got a 19 and a half foot burden in here and the holes are 24 feet uh centers okay how deep the holes 93 feet we got a lot of uh cracks and a lot of water problems in this area we really have to be careful once a blast plan has been established it should be followed as closely as possible before drilling actually begins regulations state that the drilling area must be inspected for hazards the area should be thoroughly examined for evidence of misfires or undetonated explosives if any are discovered they should be reported to the proper supervisor and disposed of before other work is performed in the area only when you are convinced that the area is free from misfires and other hazards should drilling begin as each hole is completed it should be inspected before moving on to the next the hole should be measured with a weighted tape to check for the proper depth and also to detect any blockage the blast plan calls for holes of certain depth that will accept a specific amount of explosives [Music] if a hole becomes blocked it will not accept enough explosives similarly the drill may penetrate an underground void if undetected this could cause the hole to accept too much explosives often voids can be detected by noting a change in the sound of the drill or an unusual penetration rate drillers should keep a drill log noting and possibly marking any holes where a deviation from normal drilling is detected frequently a period of days or weeks can pass between drilling and blasting in these instances loading should not begin until the inspection process is repeated in addition to measuring the depths of the holes they should be inspected with a mirror or strong light for obstructions or standing water water in the bore holes necessitates pumping the use of water resistant blasting materials or an explosive charge to blow the water out when all holes are ready to be loaded the next step may begin areas in which blast holes are being loaded must be guarded or barricaded and posted or flagged against unauthorized entry safe operations require that such precautions are taken before loading begins and that all personnel are made aware of the blasting procedures and signals when a blast site is improperly guarded people can enter the area unaware that a blast is about to take place they can be injured or killed by the concussion or by fly rock a fly rock hazard can exist far from the immediate site in fact injuries have been reported nearly a mile away for that reason protective measures shall be taken to prevent injuries from fly rock during the loading of holes utmost caution should be used where explosives are involved every violation of safety rules is a potential accident remember blast sites with explosives should be evacuated on the approach of an electrical storm stay away until the storm has passed as we have seen lightning can detonate the explosives and cause a premature blast [Music] the number of people in loading and blast areas should be kept to a minimum [Music] where company local and state regulations permit trucks may be used in the loading of holes [Music] in this presentation we are using examples of non-electric and electric detonating systems [Music] the choice of explosives blasting agents and initiating devices is a decision based on a number of variables technology is providing safer more controllable blasting products but these new products like the older ones must be handled properly to ensure safety primers should be made up at the time of charging as close as possible to the hole to be charged each primer should be prepared so that the electric blasting cap is oriented correctly and is completely embedded within the cartridge and the lead line should be securely fastened the first primer should be placed at the bottom of the hole to avoid separation from the main charge in both electric and non-electric systems well-loaded holes are a major factor for a successful blast the hole should be checked periodically as loading proceeds the weighted tape is useful in measuring the height of the explosives column within the borehole this constant inspection is necessary to prevent any previously undetected voids from becoming overloaded with explosives one solution to this problem is to lower a stick of wood notched and tied off center into the drill hole once the stick is past the top of the void it is pulled up snugly against the opening a bag of explosives is put into the hole to block it a primer is lowered into place and normal loading may resume inspection also helps in detecting holes that have become blocked accidentally during the loading process blocked holes can separate the explosives in a column the separated explosives are no longer in contact with priming units and will result in misfired explosives blocked holes like voids require special corrective techniques for example an additional priming unit may be lowered into the hole and loading resumed in deep holes the use of multiple primers or boosters as recommended procedure in many operations to prevent misfires when the explosives have reached the predetermined stemming level stop don't overload the hole any additional explosives will only produce excessive fly rock and endanger you and your fellow workers proper stemming is an important part of blasting safety and helps assure that the explosives are confined and fly rock is minimized when electric blasting caps are used resistance and continuity tests must be made prior to addition of stemming material only approved blasting galvanometers or instruments designed specifically for this purpose should be used to test blasting circuits and components accident data shows a variety of incorrect instruments and methods have been used to conduct these tests most have had sufficient current to set off the charge the resistance of the electric blasting cap series should be tested prior to connection to the lead lines and continuity of the lead lines should also be tested no matter what kind of initiating devices or explosives are used or the size of the operation explosives should only be handled by experienced miners or others under direct supervision it is especially important in the shot firing stage that only qualified individuals be involved clearing and keeping the blast area clear once the holes are loaded and the shot fire prepares for detonation is vital guards must stay at their posts until after the blast having one person in charge eliminates communication problems that can cause confusion and accidents all clear these guys alter the escape all clear in the last gate is clear when the blast supervisor is assured that the area is clear a warning signal is given start your warning siren [Music] this indicates that the shot is about to be fired when the warning is given it is up to each individual to protect himself by taking adequate cover from the blast [Music] it is required that the blast supervisor visually inspect the area before the blast is initiated to be sure that no one has re-entered the area [Music] immediately after a blast toxic fumes often fill the blast area a sufficient amount of time should be allowed for these fumes to clear and visibility to be restored [Music] the blast area including muck piles should be examined for undetonated explosives when examining a blast area look for evidence of misfires such as powder wires or any part of an initiating device abnormal fragmentation of the rock formation may also indicate a misfire if leg wires are discovered they should be tested with a blasting galvanometer any evidence of misfires should be reported to the proper supervisor and the undetonated explosives disposed of before other work is performed in the blasting area as in the other stages of blasting each mine will have its own rules for safety such as signals to let personnel know when it is safe to resume work [Music] in this presentation we have shown you how following proper procedures and safety regulations in the blasting process can add to the safety of everyone involved in the surface mining of metal and non-metal the steps we've outlined follow both federal regulations and generally accepted safety practices but because each mine operation has its own unique conditions individual companies have established additional blasting safety rules and procedures of their own so whatever your job is follow the rules for your benefit and for the safety of your fellow miners finally it must be understood that blasting is an art an art that takes years of experience to master it is not uncommon to run into unusual situations that are not covered by established procedures if this should happen to you don't exceed your own knowledge where there are lives at stake you can't afford to count on gases when in doubt ask for help [Music] the federal regulations written by the mine safety and health administration are not suggestions they're the law [Music] their sole purpose is to protect you the great majority of blasting-related accidents could be avoided if every miner complied with these regulations [Music] i can check that gear in a minute so don't touch anything okay [Music] hey get down from there now [Music] hey turn [Music] what if it bumped that control by accident you'd be mincemeat by now what have i told you you don't work on equipment when the engine's running well i told them not to touch anything all right i guess i wasn't thinking you weren't thinking you mean you'll work on engines and machinery and not think of your own personal safety here shake hands with danger [Music] now they call me three finger joe [Music] i was young and feisty never did things by the book just let me get my tool box and [Music] although i learned a lesson i forgot it soon enough the knicks and burns and scratches showed the young ones i was tough till another morning i was grinding on some steel my other hand got careless and fed my skin into the wheel shake hands with danger step right up and say hello grinding wheels and metal are what made me [Music] i've seen mechanics burning and i've seen them take a fall just to save themselves a minute i've seen them lose it all i've watched them caught in trouble seen them take a chance and lose they get careless for a moment and spend a lifetime with the blues [Music] [Applause] foreign [Music] [Music] [Music] walk around inside [Music] move around inside [Music] shake hands with danger and some friends i used to know compared to them i'm lucky to be just three [Music] [Laughter] i mean that's the so that's the mother of all construction heavy equipment uh machinery uh films shake hands with danger and of course that version of that song was by my friends uh scott and greg um yeah it's been a while since i've showed that but man the surface blasting film had some crazy music in it too it was really good uh no like specific songs though no like something that would be a good toe-tapping uh tournament 2023. um but uh yeah that was awesome and that that whole like there's a storm coming and he's like uh i'll get it done and and i'm sure that everybody when they showed this uh to workers working on sites that they all kind of were like whoa whoa you know there was some laughing um you know some tragic slapstick laughing um thanks for joining us today thank you rick k for the coffee coffee is one way to say thank you to av geeks at ko-fi.com av geeks uh you can also go to avgeeks.com and see other shows and things that we've done in the past um and you know hit that thumbs up button or that like button or that subscribe button or you know share this with other people that's the great thing uh that you can do to support us that doesn't require um entering in credit card information uh just even if you've hit uh like before do it again it's it builds up in some sort of weird ethereal realm um where i will be judged at some point by the robots um everybody have a great rest of your day thanks for letting us go a little long today uh and we'll see you tomorrow tuesday everybody take care you