AV Geeks Lunch 5-18-2023

NAB it hi everybody I'm skip Alzheimer welcome to the Ava Geeks lunchtime streaming show yesterday I was exhausted I was like do I have covered I don't know what's going on so I'd like after the show I went home and took a nap for a couple hours and now I feel better so filled with energy uh this next film is on 16 millimeter and that's what we do on the lunchtime streaming show is Watch 60 millimeter films and so here's energy [Music] [Music] foreign [Music] ergy is the force that powers all movement it is wind and Heat and machine power the source of motion that makes things stop and start [Music] energy is the wink of an eye the Brilliance of the Sun but the sun can also make hard work even harder [Music] not so long ago we got our lumber with sweat and the sharp ax [Music] but that was before the power saw farming was a grueling test of a man's endurance she is eased the burden this is one way to work with metal [Music] this is a better way we used to stack wood a piece at a time now we can do it a tree at a time we have gone from moving single stones to moving entire mountains the old way and the new perhaps the biggest change of all came with the Horseless carriers in 1905 there were only two cars in Kansas City and they ran into each other but the early automobile was only a reflection of things to come [Music] driven by a new energy source we found ourselves in a new era an era in which we enjoy a Mobility our forefathers could never have dreamed about and at the heart of this Mobility is energy in abundance [Music] we use more energy than any other Nation on Earth where does it all come from four percent comes from the power of falling water another 20 comes from core but our greatest source of energy is petroleum petroleum oil and natural gas supplying three quarters of all the energy we use [Music] but petroleum is hidden deep below the Earth's surface we can chart where it might be but the only way to know for sure is to cross your fingers and grill for it [Music] the drill a single well hundreds of tons of structural steel and machinery diesel engines cement mixers coolers compressors and men to put them together and make them work [Music] after week day and night rain or cold until finally you hit the place where your scientific instruments your seismographs magnetometers maps and everything else tells you the oil should be find nothing a dry horn and there are thousands of them every year so you look somewhere else even under the ocean [Music] the only way to beat the odds to find the hundreds of millions of gallons of liquid energy we need every day is the keep looking and drilling hundreds of millions of gallons to feed the refinery spread across the nation [Music] cities of pipes and Towers where crude oil is broken down into gasoline kerosene oil to generate electricity heating oil jet fuel thank you these are the forces of the 20th century [Music] [Music] foreign [Music] today at the heart of nearly every Endeavor is energy in abundance energy that quickens the heartbeat of our economy [Music] security and adds a new dimension to our lives leisure [Music] thank you [Music] [Music] [Music] foreign [Music] [Music] [Music] Leisure is a thing of all seasons places all ages but Leisure means more than just having fun our children are no longer forced to work before they're old enough to think they have time to study to learn to contribute [Music] foreign foreign [Music] and this in turn enables us to speed our progress even more [Music] of all the scientists and Engineers who ever lived 9 out of ten are living today and there will be even more of them in the years to come [Music] thank you [Music] we have been freed by Abundant energy to work toward an even more promising future the move as far as energy can take thank you American petroleum Institute for perpetuating uh our standard of living and allowing for us to have vacations and bookmobiles and um brown bears uh wow that uh that took a turn um wasn't sure where it was going but man it made it very clear where it was going um thanks thanks for that all right so behind me I have a film scanner oops oops um and we're gonna watch this film uh TV Land enjoy thank you tonight this new this new thing is coming along television [Music] what we're trying to do is see whether or not these characters here and me will make a television show [Applause] hey kids what time is it [Music] boy oh boy kids look at those purple marbles fall out of a lot of way he hasn't reckoned with it is the genius buster well this is it this is the table Hopper [Music] this is your life What's My Line we're the merry Texaco man tonight we may be showman tomorrow we'll be servicing your cars I wipe the pipe I pump the gas I rub the Hub I scrub the glass I touch the clutch I'm off the top I post a joke I sell a pop I clear the gear I blocked the knock I jack the back I set the clock so join the ranks of those who know and fill yourself with Texas code and Now ladies and gentlemen they're introducing America's number one television star the man who has captured America's heart building [Music] [Applause] [Music] around and around she goes and where she stops nobody knows [Music] [Applause] and finally for your living room [Applause] I hate you [Applause] you hear me I hate you all right pedantic despicable husband that's the word hit me I want you to hit me I wouldn't give you the pleasure [Applause] for a nicer person you could have gotten that what do you want me to want me to start balling you out now in front of all these people no I don't want you to blow me up don't blow me I figured you started arguing the minute I walked out here you do that the minute we come out on the stage you yell at me you pick on me abuse me I'm the fool I'm the joke I'm always the one that's pushing around I'm serious why don't you leave me alone [Music] [Applause] and charge them to my account and don't give me no more of them broken ones like you did the last time or I'll take my business elsewhere would you Kingfish good evening I'm Admiral the name of the program is person to person I wonder if uh we may come in through the window in this fashion order cronkad reporting you are there right now all right thank you okay [Music] foreign [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] just before you play the game never choose a player by his race or name what's the difference if he's poor what's the difference if he's Rich the only thing to ask him is can he pitch if you've held back till now join in around the piano with our lovely guest Francis Osborne leads us in the ride of the valkyrie by the late great dick Wagner foreign foreign [Music] [Music] [Music] you like it despite this oh sure this only happens about twice a year adds a little bit of excitement to the a little bit of excitement that's right how do you like it I don't much care for it good evening I've been reading a mystery story I saw Spence [Applause] this is what the war in Vietnam is all about very young the Marines are burnt this old couples Cottage because fire was coming from here now when you walk into the village you see no young people at all most of all I Remember Mama [Music] [Applause] [Music] you're traveling through another dimension good better best super team all right quickest nice brilliant new new creamy convenient fresh Natural Bridge Hefty faster soothing Dependable instant amazing push button plastic automatic brighter clean flashing no good America is the greatest [Music] that both sides begin Anew the Quest for Peace before the dark powers of Destruction Unleashed by science engulf all Humanity I formally say that this is a disgrace that the Press should be allowed in the radio and television should be allowed to do their work at a convention on television I should think this is a first it's a really big show [Music] I Rise the second denomination of Governor Espero tiagnu is the next Vice President of the United States sock it to me [Applause] the human drama of athletic competitions [Applause] is ABC's Wide World of Sports a fiery horse with a speed of light a cloud of dust and a Jorge Ohio silver The Lone Ranger foreign Man on the Moon boy [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] mom gave you Mom liked you best all right Mom all right just be quiet one minute Mom liked your best you lower your voice Mom liked you [Applause] this was a military exercise but it was also an exercise in salesmanship the selling of the Pentagon good night's bike good night ladies and gentlemen good night good night David what Hall is there to say but good night we've had a few Maps and it's time for Tuesday [Music] good night folks and good night Mrs Calabash wherever you foreign [Laughter] [Music] [Music] it's at the end of the film that the green Emulsion scratch goes away that is caused by someone not cleaning the gate in the film projector and there's a little piece of dust in there and it's just scratches the Emulsion off and it scratches all the way through to the Green Layer and uh but that was still really great we've shown some Braverman in the past he's done a lot of really amazing Montage work uh and there's actually a braverman's uh Complete Beatles or is it Beatles I can't remember the title but anyways he does it with the Beatles the history of The Beatles uh and obviously we would not show that on YouTube Because all that music um but interesting nonetheless he did one for Nixon or the 70 that we show I can't remember anyways awesome awesome stuff uh what time is it uh it's time to learn about surface hardening surface hardening many steel parts require a very high surface hardness and at the same time must have a tough core obtaining surface hardness by quench hardening a steel of high carbon content would sacrifice toughness this difficulty can be overcome by taking low carbon steel and increasing the carbon content of the surface region then after eating and quench hardening the skin of the steel attains a much higher hardness than the interior section with its lower carbon contact here for example is a stop cylinder which requires surface hardness and internal toughness this is the heat treatment specified carburizing hardening and tempering to the desired final hardness a surface hardness of Rockwell c-60-63 a test reveals that the present hardness is 20 Rockwell C this is lower than the hardness desired at either the surface or the core to carburize them the parts are placed in a container they are surrounded by a carburizing medium such as energized charcoal a material composed largely of carbon the parts in the container are completely covered with the charcoal tapping the container settles the charcoal more evenly around the parts the container must be sealed airtight to prevent oxidation of the parts during the carburizing treatment to do this a cover is placed on top of the charcoal and carefully cement it in place with fire clay the sealed container is placed in the carb Rising furnace where it will be held at red heat for a considerable length of time carburizing requires from 8 to 16 hours at a temperature of about 1700 degrees Fahrenheit here we see what happens under the influence of the elevated and sustained temperature the carbon in the energized charcoal migrates to and penetrates the surface of the part it encloses forming a skin of high carbon steel called a case the carbon penetrates to a depth of about 1 16 of an inch to carburize to this depth on this part takes about 12 hours after the container has been removed from the furnace and cooled the carburized parts are taken out after cleaning they are returned to the furnace for hardening to achieve full hardening the parts are heated to above the upper critical temperature then they are taken out and quenched in oil with some types of steel water is the quenching medium the parts are purposely hardened somewhat above the specified hardness subsequently tampering will achieve the desired toughness and hardness if the requirements and sizes of the parts to be case hardened warrant the gas carb Rising method may be used it is just as efficient as pet gerberizing convenience in mechanical handling determines the method used large pieces lend themselves better to pack carb Rising while small parts like these bearing rollers are handled more readily in gas here the small parts are charged from a hopper into a rotary type furnace in which they will be tumbled at high temperature in an atmosphere of carburizing gas ordinary City gas is suitable for this purpose the gas will impart an additional carbon content to the surfaces of the parts in essentially the same manner as the charcoal does in the pack method the furnace opening is sealed airtight and the exhaust gases are ignited this method requires a somewhat longer time than pack carburizing after the required number of hours the furnace is reopened one of the advantages of gas carb rising over the pack method is that the parts do not have to be cleaned but can be quench hardened directly from this furnace the parts are shooted into a quench tank of oil sunk in the floor a few test pieces being removed and quenched separately there are numerous industrial applications where an extremely thin surface of high hardness is adequate these levers for example require a hard case but only to a depth of a few thousands of an inch such a case can be obtained quickly in a bath of molten cyanide at a temperature of between 1400 and 1550 degrees Fahrenheit these parts obtain their thin case during a brief immersion in the hot cyanide solution the cyanide has a carburizing action on the steel not unlike the action in solid or gaseous curb Rising after 10 to 15 minutes the parts are removed from the cyanide bath they are quenched in water some kinds of Steel would be quenched in oil water has the advantage of washing off the cyanide also it produces a harder but more brittle surface than oil the quench completes the case hardening night riding is a highly effective method of case hardening finished parts however it can be used only with certain alloy steels notably those containing aluminum chromium or molybdenum in this process steel parts are heated in a furnace in a stream of ammonia gas fed to a closed retort containing the parts the bottle acts as a flow indicator nitriting requires from one to three days in the furnace it takes place at a temperature between 900 and 1000 degrees Fahrenheit followed by partial cooling before the parts are removed in this case the parts which were put in the furnace Tuesday at 5 PM are taken out on Friday at the same time under heat the ammonia gas circulating over the parts as decomposed forming nitrogen and hydrogen the nitrogen has combined with some of the elements of the steel to form a very hard nitrated case since the nitriding temperatures are low Distortion of these Precision Parts is negligible nitriting can achieve hardnesses exceeding those obtainable by any other known treatment of Steel through this treatment Parts attain a hardness range of 72 to 80 on the Rockwell tester the highest hardness obtained by other methods is about 68. flame hardening unlike the surface hardening processes previously observed does not add elements to the steel heating is achieved with an oxyacetylene torch and is followed immediately by water cooling this method is especially suited to large Parts where only selected areas need to be hardened the torch flame moves slowly along the surface to be hardened heating it to the quenching temperature and is followed immediately by a spray of water which quenches the heated Zone here is a cross-section diagram of a flame hardened gear tooth it has been hardened only on specified areas on either side of the tooth surface the treated zones are the areas where the gear is most subject to wear somewhat similar principles are involved in an electrical method in which the surface heating is accomplished by high frequency induction a current of high frequency ranging from 2000 to 100 000 cycles per second flows through this coil inducing currents in the part which heat the surface layer to be hardened extremely rapid the heating is completed in a matter of seconds the current shuts off automatically and the part is immediately quenched with a water spray to review carburizing cyaniding and night riding add elements to the steel to achieve a surface hardness higher than that obtainable with the original Steel pack carburizing utilizes energized charcoal under the influence of high sustained heat to form a skin of high carbon content on the part gas carburizing also produces a high carbon case it is a process better suited to small parts cyaniding is a method of obtaining an extremely thin hard case by immersing Steel in the molten brat Knight riding Possible only with certain alloy Steels is a process in which steel is heated in a furnace to which ammonia gas is being fed it can achieve a case hardness higher than obtainable by any other method flame hardening and induction hardening do not add elements to the steel and can produce only that hardness of which the original steel is capable flame hardening with the oxyacetylene torch is an effective method of hardening selected areas of a park induction hardening is a very rapid means of case hardening where the heat is induced by an electric current of high frequency by these methods steel parts can be given a hard case either on their entire surface or on a selected area only and yet retain their essential toughness initing night riding well you learned something new every day uh this is a story that we know the title is clipped it's I think it's animated Japanese animation or at least Asian animated this is Little Red Riding Hood I've collected all the eggs grandma thank you dear I have a surprise for you there it's a Red Riding Hood oh thank you just wear it home child I don't think your friends will call you little red dimple cheeks anymore really I'll have to try it out Thank you Grandma I can't wait to show all my friends in the forest my new Red Riding Hood be careful child we've Sun we've shown this I just tried to enter it into the database and we've shown it um wow what what can we do what can we do Let's uh watch Modern energy second edition I don't think we've shown that let me look I was entering in into the uh spreadsheet of what we've seen so far and okay yeah matter and energy a lot of things about matter and energy today enjoy [Music] the universe is an enormous system of matter and energy a system of masses in movement some masses like stars produce energy some like planets absorb energy radiant energy from Stars radiant energy from our Sun reaches all the planets of the solar system including of course the Earth for our planet is part of a vast matter Energy System as is everything on our planet part of our planet is matter and part of it is energy for instance this rock is matter what happens when the rock is put into this full Beaker of water what does this show us matter takes up space matter also has mass when we measure the gravitational effect of the Earth on The Rock's Mass we measure its weight will the rock move unless it's acted upon no we say it has inertia our planet like our universe is made up of matter having mass and inertia and taking up space the state of matter can be solid like these rocks liquid like this water or gas like the air the different states can be explained on the basis of the kinetic molecular theory molecules in a solid are close together this explains why solids have particular shapes liquids take the shape of their container this happens because in liquids the molecules are farther apart than they are in solids in a gas molecules are still farther apart so gases tend to spread throughout whatever space they are in the gas here is nitrogen dioxide the smallest part of nitrogen dioxide is a molecule a molecule of nitrogen dioxide is made up of three atoms one of nitrogen and two of oxygen when more than one kind of atom forms a molecule the substance like nitrogen dioxide is a compound copper which is composed of only one kind of atom is an element scientists have found more than 100 different elements we can think of an atom as composed of a nucleus with a positive charge surrounded by electrons with negative charges nearly all the mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus it is made up of protons neutrons and other particles the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus determines what kind of atom it is these particles have been studied by modern nuclear physicists using particle accelerators protons and neutrons can be changed to other types of matter by causing them to collide with other particles at tremendous energy the paths of the new particles can be observed with photographs made in a bubble chamber the paths show that most of these particles exist only momentarily from photographs physicists have learned more about the structure of matter they've also learned of antimatter with positive electrons and negative nuclei so from a nucleus and orbiting electrons from atoms joined together into molecules comes all the matter of our planet and our universe living things and non-living things the study of matter in motion led to our modern concepts of energy the energy of motion is called kinetic energy kinetic energy can be transferred this may happen when one object collides with another let's see what happens with two equal masses like these two balls ball number one will have the greater velocity the ball it hits rolls farthest the greater the velocity the greater the kinetic energy transferred let's see what happens with two unequal masses like these two balls they will have about the same velocity but the metal ball has the greater mass the ball it hits rolls farthest the greater the mass the greater the kinetic energy transferred the examples of kinetic energy we've seen with the rolling balls are related to potential energy when we raised a ball we gave it a certain potential or possibility for movement when the ball was released the potential energy was converted to kinetic energy changes in kinetic energy are also responsible for change of state think of matter in the solid state ice for example think of the molecules that make up ice although molecules of a solid are in constant motion they maintain their same general positions but as the solid is heated the kinetic energy of the molecules increases they begin moving farther apart matter changes from the solid state to the liquid state ice turns to water as the molecules continue to gain in kinetic energy they break apart from each other liquid changes to gas now the molecules spread out filling the space they are in scientists studying gases at high energy like those in the atmospheres of stars observed a fourth state of matter plasma matter in the sun's Corona is a plasma the atoms have been stripped of their electrons plasma conducts electricity and responds to magnetic fields most of the matter in the universe is plasma the northern lights are caused by a bombardment of the Earth's atmosphere by a plasma the plasma is the stream of electrified particles given off by the sun which is called the solar wind so the different states of matter can be explained on the basis of atoms and molecules in movement but within every atom electrons are moving in orbits each orbit is a result of a certain energy level of the electrons in metals like the copper wire in this circuit some of these orbiting electrons can move from atom to atom the kinetic energy of electrons in Movement we call electric energy electrons in the atoms that make up this metal filament absorb energy from the electric current these electrons move into higher energy levels almost immediately they fall back to their original energy levels and give off their extra energy as a photon of light this results in the steady light we see electrons produce light in fluorescent tubes in a similar way visible light waves are only part of the wide spectrum of energy we call the electromagnetic spectrum these radiations range from the low energies of radio to the high energies of X-rays and gamma rays so we see that electrons in motion are responsible for many forms of energy and that matter and energy are closely related electrons also are involved in chemical changes atoms combine or separate either using or giving off energy whereas when sulfuric acid reacts with sugar in this chemical reaction magnesium is burning in open air but in a flash bulb the Magnesium is enclosed and this flash bulb is in balance with an identical bulb let's electrically ignite the magnesium in one of the bulbs the bulbs are still balanced the light and heat energy produced are a result of a conversion of chemical energy in the magnesium and oxygen atoms but as far as we can measure with this balance no matter is lost when the Magnesium Burns experiments like this one suggest that matter and energy are never created or destroyed but the behavior of radioactive materials provides evidence for a different relationship between matter and energy every flash on this instrument means that somewhere in the material being examined a particle has emerged from the nucleus of an atom nuclear Decay is taking place in this radioactive Rock now we're watching nuclear decay in a cloud chamber scientists know that particles resulting from this Decay have less mass than the original particles but energy appears in place of the Lost Mass in atoms of radioactive materials the same loss of mass takes place matter is converted to energy in a nuclear reactor this conversion of matter to energy occurs at a more rapid rate nuclear fission takes place a different sort of conversion happens in the Sun and other stars the nuclei of atoms combine or fuse together in nuclear fusion matter is also lost and tremendous amounts of energy produced the fact that matter can be converted to energy helps illustrate the law of conservation of matter and energy the law means that in nuclear reactions as well as in physical changes and chemical changes matter may be lost but in its place an equivalent amount of energy always appears this knowledge has led to the modern concept of the universe as a great matter energy system in which the total amount of matter and energy is always the same this concept of the conservation of matter and energy has become the basis of modern science [Music] [Applause] [Music] it's modern science uh yeah I apologize for uh starting that Little Red Riding Hood we have shown that in the past and we did show it recently so that's why interrupted it um we try to watch new stuff occasionally if it's really good watch it again that one I don't remember is being really good but you know uh and not really bad in a good way uh thanks for tuning in today uh thank you Nathan for contributing to the uh AV Geeks fund he used the super thanks button to do it in YouTube you can also donate via the ko-fi.com AV Geeks and donate coffee or patreon.com avgeeks um you can also just watch and hit uh like or subscribe you can also watch other YouTube channel or YouTube videos that we have on the channel and be able to watch that advertising which will then give us little pennies micro pennies that we catch in our little buckets and then we take them to the bank and trade them in for actual cash everybody have a great rest of your we're gonna say Thursday yeah have a great Thursday we'll see you soon and I swear that uh I'll stop The Stream pretty soon all right um because I'm more wide awake today uh Everybody Take Care we'll see you tomorrow