AV Geeks Lunch 5-1-2023

hi everybody I'm skip Alzheimer welcome to the AV Geeks lunchtime streaming show we watch old 16 millimeter films and see how things used to be made um I'm not a fan of sardines I'll tell you right off the bat not a fan um I dated someone who used to be and it was nasty so um I will certainly eat things that have sardines in them but yeah uh uh yeah so that was part of the Mogul Brothers collection mobile Brothers of course was a film Library uh that you could rent films from that was based in Manhattan and many of those films ended up in Pittsburgh at the Oregon archive and we have been scanning those over the last couple of years when they bring down some films so uh fascinating stuff all right what do we got today today is the first day of May uh we are getting on a plane later today and going to Portland Oregon uh where we'll be doing a show tomorrow uh Tuesday at the Clinton Street Theater if you're in Portland Oregon come by uh what that means is that The Tomorrow Show is pre-recorded so just FYI uh let's learn about how to make electricity from chemicals enjoy [Music] um [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] where does the electricity to run this mixer come from we can follow the wire and see it leaves where you might expect to an electric outlet lamps get their electricity in the same way same way so do some electric trains but not everything electrically has to be plugged into an outlet for electricity this portable radio gets electricity from dry cells this flashlight gets electricity from a nickel cadmium battery electricity for starting this automobile engine comes from a lead storage battery a lead storage battery a nickel cadmium battery a dry cell all three produce electricity from chemicals and chemical changes to understand how you have to think about electrons because the story of electricity and chemical changes is really the story of electrons in movement we can learn something about electrons in Movement by thinking about ordinary salt a simple chemical compound salt is made of two elements sodium and chlorine to understand what happens when salt is formed let's think of two atoms a sodium atom and a chlorine atom of course this is just a diagram they don't really look like this when sodium chloride forms an electron leaves the sodium atom and becomes part of the chlorine atom the two atoms are changed they're called ions now a sodium ion and a chloride ion now whenever anything gains or loses electrons we say that it becomes charged the sodium ion has a plus or positive charge the chloride ion has a minus or negative charge in a crystal of salt the sodium and chloride ions are arranged something like these marbles frozen in ice chloride ions are larger than sodium ions electrons don't move from ion to ion in crystals of salt but they do in crystals of metals these marbles represent the arrangement of ions in Copper we can think of metals as made up of positive ions with negative electrons constantly moving among them let's see what electrons in metals and salt have to do with electricity here we have two strips of metal copper and zinc join together by copper wires and standing in salt sodium chloride this is an electric cell when the cell produces electricity the meter will show it Watch What Happens as water is poured into the cell there an electric current has begun to flow through the cell what did the water have to do with it well the salt dissolves in the water we can represent what's happening like this in the crystals of salt the regular arrangement of positive and negative ions is breaking apart some of the molecules of the water have also broken apart in the same way into positive and negative ions in the zinc strip changes begin taking place zinc ions each with a positive charge are leaving the strip of zinc and moving out into the water the electrons that are left behind give the strip of zinc a charge a negative charge the positive zinc ions stay close to the negative strip of zinc you probably know why charges that are alike push away from each other positive charges push apart negative charges push apart but different or unlike charges pull toward each other unlike charges attract each other so the zinc ions which are positive are held close to the strip of zinc which is negative at the same time these positive zinc ions repel other positive ions that come from the salt and the water these ions are pushed away from the strip of zinc some of them are pushed toward the strip of copper and touch it remember electrons are moving through all parts of the copper these electrons can be transferred some of the positive ions that are touching the copper take the exact number of electrons they are missing out of the copper now with the right number of electrons the ions lose their charges and we call them atoms again because the copper is losing electrons it takes on a positive charge so the zinc has a negative charge and the copper a positive charge the two strips are called electrodes and we can see that electricity is being produced why remember the wire is made of the metal copper the wire becomes a path for the extra electrons from the strip of zinc they are pushed out of the electrode and into the wire remember electrons all have negative charges so these electrons from the zinc repel the electrons moving freely through the wire at the same time as you saw before the positive ions around the copper electrode attract electrons this causes electrons to be pulled out of the wire and into the strip of copper so in this electric cell there is a push at the negative electrode and a pull at the positive electrode this push and pull cause billions and billions of electrons in the electrodes and the wire to move in the same general direction and what do we have a flow of electrons an electric current all cells and batteries that produce electricity from chemicals work in the same way now instead of a strip of zinc for an electrode suppose we used a piece shaped like this cylinder and suppose we put the copper electrode inside it with water and salt in the cell will electricity be produced yes this is very much the way dry cells are built even though we call this a dry cell it really isn't dry the chemical inside ammonium chloride is moist like paste the moisture allows the positive and negative ions of the chemical to move freely through all parts of the cell at the negative zinc electrode electrons are pushed into the wire that is attached to it the positive electrode is made of carbon here electrons are pulled out of the wire and are taken up by the ions in the paste dry cells have many uses but dry cells won't produce electricity forever as the chemicals inside the dry cells gain and lose electrons they change that's what's happened to the dry cells in this flashlight their chemicals have changed so much they no longer can produce electricity the cells have lost their charge but there are some electric cells that are designed to be recharged the cells in this flashlight are rechargeable to see why plugging them into an electric outlet recharges them you have to think about electrons in motion again this is a battery made up of rechargeable cells a nickel cadmium battery let's look inside it like the cells we saw before a rechargeable cell has metal electrodes one electrode is made of the metal cadmium when the cell is charged and operating this electrode has a negative charge the other one has a positive charge it's made of a compound that contains the metal nickel the electrodes stand in a moist chemical potassium hydroxide there are positive and negative ions in this chemical as the cell produces electricity the chemicals in it change after a certain number of hours they have changed so much that the flow of electron stops now remember when the cell was producing electricity electrons flowed out of the negative electrode electricity is made to flow into the negative electrode when the cell is recharged during recharging electrons are also pulled out of the positive electrode into the wire passing an electric current through the cell changes the chemicals in it back to their original form then the cell is charged and it can produce electricity again rechargeable batteries have many uses foreign some even supply enough power to run a small machine like a hedge trimmer or provide Power for portable lighting equipment the electrical system of an automobile depends on a lead storage battery which is also rechargeable the electricity produced by the battery is used to start the engine the cells in an automobile storage battery are called wet cells electricity is produced only when the electrodes are immersed in a liquid in this case the liquid is sulfuric acid and water now we can see the separate cells in the battery in each cell just as in the other cells we've seen ions are free to move about each time the battery is used electrons from the negative electrode which is made of lead are pushed into the wire at the same time electrons are pulled out of the Wire by the positive electrode which is made of a compound containing lead each time electricity is taken from the battery the chemicals inside it change if the battery is allowed to run down the chemicals change so much that no electricity can be produced a lead storage battery like the nickel cadmium battery can be recharged by passing an electric current through it the electric current changes the chemicals in the battery back to their original form then the chemicals in the lead storage battery can produce electricity again just as chemicals do in nickel cadmium batteries and dry cells electric cells that give us electricity from chemicals thank you love it um yeah cornet wonderful um science series uh with lots of great animation I love animation of of ions coming together and atoms and and all that stuff and then that kind of weird sparkly at one point I looked up and I was like oh no like what is that that's like a bunch of snow that was during the transfer I'm like oh no those are ions get it all right so it's May Day um let's talk about uh some communist stuff specifically Soviet stuff here's a glimpse of Soviet Sciences uh this is in no way an endorsement for the current Administration uh in Russia this is just a look back enjoy [Music] thank you early morning on the grass on the bushes everywhere Chinese Builder [Music] liquids always tend to take the shape of the spear more limited try to blow yourself bubble you will see that it always tends to aesthetical shape the surface tension is so strong that if you stop flowing into the straw the bubble will squeeze the air out of itself and contract into a drop [Music] foreign [Music] some insects can move quite safely on it here is a waterscape [Music] even ordinary objects can turn into marbles in the skillful hands of the judgment [Music] they keep their balance and don't fall down because they rotate very quickly like the top the top itself is quite an acrobat when it spins one can throw it up and it will always fall safely on its footing the quick rotation is what makes it so extraordinarily steady when it loses its speed the top falls over helplessly on its side [Music] and also how to make it artificially the Crystal and graphite laboratory of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union has perfected scientific methods of producing precious stones for technical use he turns out the journals of Industry under a series of steps from a hammer the pouted aluminum oxide falls down from the upper part of the operation it is carried Along by a stream of oxygen into an oxyhydrogen plane here the corundum crystallizes the crystal grows at a temperature of over 2000 degrees Centigrade a special Cinema technique enables one to watch this very interesting process in the course of a few hours the crystal grows to a weight of 200 to 250 carats the size never found in nature when the crystals are ready they are subjected to a very complicated and exact series of operations automatic disc shaped saws divide the crystals into the thin layer they are fixed into special beds and cut into extremely extremely small through beers and sapphires are controllers produces a gem such as you see here on the street and large many thousands of crime the production of artificial pressure stones for technical use in the jewelry is becoming common in the Soviet Union thus economizing an import and strengthening the resources of its industry against the strains of War metallization is the name given for the process of covering the surface of an object with a film of red hot metal the metal is often heated in a gas plane a wire of any desired metal is fed into this apparatus a metallizer a Bernie laid even on such encountable materials with wood safer and slots the impact of the parcels may we see a worn out crankshaft being repaired by metallization grooves office engraved and then a layer of metal particles of the desired thickness are laid off the part is only them to be polished and it's a completely restore a fast repaired by the process of metallization is considerably Superior to a new one the restoration of vital engine parts by this method saves expenditure and labor on new manufacture to use for metallization Metals worth mutilation generally be preserved by a film of zinc bars of pig iron stand up better to high temperatures when coated with aluminum floors scratches and other defects in machinery [Music] foreign exhibition of national economy there is a marvelous artificial nestling made by children at Alma Assad in Central Asia [Music] and other children for the dummy nestling in the bird box in place of a real one [Music] oh [Music] God doesn't notice the substitution of the dummy for her own child a maternal Instinct obliges her to feed the dummy the artificial nestling enables one to find out what sort of food the mother bird gives to her children what kinds of intake she destroy [Music] all the insects she brings fall into a glass of form The Operators were from the same Principle as an electric Bell the bird settles on the stick and started current by her weight [Music] current opens the dummy feet the mother flies off and beats shut [Music] by evening the children have discovered what the bird uses to feed her Nestle [Music] look how many insects from their larvae one bird destroyed butterflies caterpillars and grasshoppers all of them are enemies of crop plants and trees [Music] darling which nests near human houses guard Orchards and Fields [Music] during this compression yeah I lost some of the teeth simple method of liquefying there based on the conversion of the Air's heat into work the machine now used was invented by Academy a tiny turbine replaces a large and cumbersome apparatus the rotol at this oxygen is used in the most valid branches of Industry oxygen combines with most other elements with great violence in Metallurgy the production of a blast furnace can be doubled by substituting oxygen for theirs with the aid of oxygen metals can be cut or melted not only on land but underwater [Applause] [Music] but this wasn't enough further complicated apparatus was needed to complete the slow and intricate process of making oxygen soggy of Science and so much work that it cools down at once to the temperature at which it will [Music] the work of a furnace operator engaged in porting Metals has always been considered one of the most arduous and exhausting by using a screen of running water one can greatly relieve the strain of a furnace operator's work this liver Arrangement was designed for Leningrad Institute of Labor protection the water stops 90 of the Heat and the worker no longer suffers from the effects of the Furnace the lump of red hot metal is dragged out in such a way as not to be damaged by contact with the water the use of Labor protection devices of this kind is one way of increasing output without increase of strain on labor The Heat Of The Furnace taxes a worth of strength and is extremely exhausted foreign [Music] in the spring of 1940 the first passenger sea Express was tried out on the Black Sea the lower part of the speed glider consists of two large boats the Dual system makes the glider very steady and greatly reduces rolling when it is underway the engine rooms are situated in each of the boats the engine rooms contain two Main Motors of airplane types developing 675 horsepower there are also two engines of motor car type for low speeds and maneuvering there is a dashboard with every control needed for the engine the steering wheel is in the center in front of where the whole vessel from the control navigating instruments with the latest type enable the glider to travel at night even in front for the passengers that are comfortable and roomy cabinet a large Lounge [Music] the glider takes 130 passengers in the crew of 12. 50 miles per hour it can go at this great speed because of a special shape of its Hull the hull has a projection called the Redan as the speed increases the water so to speak thus the glider up onto its surface the glider Rises onto the returns so that it pids along the water and the resistance to its movement is greatly reduced here we see the Soviet engineer who designed the sea flyer [Music] Soviet neither Express is the greatest innovation in passenger shipping in the world [Music] if it hits the target It generally does so sideways the impact of such a bullet is not very violent [Music] as a memorial to the Soviet Statesman Menin the Palace of Soviets is now being constructed in Moscow this is going to be the tallest building in the world a giant statue of Lenin will Crown the Palace of turtles this statue will be 340 feet high the great ten-story building of the subnautumn the Council of people's commissars or Soviet cabinets in Moscow is only half as high as Lenin special the Palace of Soviet below it will be four times as high as perceptual the palace will be 1400 feet high they're a gigantical structure can only be made stable by means of a steel frame the outline of the framework approximate for the Contour of the palace for example there will not be a single column inside it all made to hold twenty thousand feet from this model you can see how the weight of the building tends to crush the framework down so exceeding with strong and solid rings are added to each series of joints in the framework these will make the framework stable and durable and prosthetic shape the Tower of the palace is to weighs 700 000 tons this week will be distributed onto 32 pairs of columns through the lower crossbar range each column is held up by a booth and presses down on it with a force of fifteen thousand tons ordinary steel was not strong enough for the framework so special steel of Greater strength has to be used at present some of the steel framework of the palace is being dismantled to provide material for victory but after Victory the Palace of Soviets will rise again above the capital and be completed [Music] um yeah that was a spicy mess but um wow what a fascinating thing it is no no doubt that that was Soviet propaganda but the fact that it was narrated by someone uh British person I don't know if he knew that he was I I don't know what the deal is that's an answer that's probably a very interesting story um why was so splicey I have no idea uh it's possible that somebody got it from a source and just clipped together and put together a compilation reel but um visually man there's some awesome stuff in there really really awesome shots of manufacturing and of kind of experiments and things like that it's really much like that all right so let's see how where do I want to go next I'm gonna I'm gonna show this film I don't think I've shown it it's a portrait of a library it's a longer film but um it's uh it's pretty great it kind of reminds us why libraries are important and why that has really hasn't changed um for for many people if you don't have a cell phone or if you don't have I mean a smartphone or if you don't have an internet connection Library can be an important link to the world um but also it can be a great place to to read and to learn stuff um I just was watching the Judy Bloom documentary which I think is on Amazon Prime of which we provided some stock footage for and it's pretty great but it talks about libraries and it talks about your the upcoming the basic new attack on libraries and I love libraries I really do that's really one of the things when I was a kid growing up in Albemarle North Carolina is we had an awesome library and I would go there like at least once a week so here's a portrait of a library enjoy [Music] thank you [Music] [Music] foreign [Music] [Music] [Applause] [Music] foreign [Music] foreign [Applause] [Music] foreign [Music] [Music] [Music] [Music] [Music] foreign [Music] foreign [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Music] foreign [Music] [Music] foreign [Music] [Music] [Applause] [Music] foreign [Music] [Applause] [Music] foreign [Music] foreign [Music] [Music] foreign [Music] foreign [Applause] [Music] [Applause] all right [Music] foreign [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] foreign [Music] foreign [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] all right [Applause] [Music] foreign [Music] [Applause] [Music] thank you [Music] foreign [Music] foreign [Music] foreign [Music] [Applause] foreign [Music] [Applause] thank you [Music] foreign [Music] [Applause] [Music] foreign foreign [Music] foreign [Music] foreign [Music] [Applause] [Music] everything [Music] [Applause] [Music] thank you and what may I ask is a dear little cupcake like you're doing with nasty old school books my dear child we haven't had school or books and ages really really why don't you get rid of that you can drop them in here it'll get all bound up in there well of course it will dear child and so it should books tamper with man's basic natural ignorance now what could be worse than that but I can't find this book if oh crap apple sugar you just need to get into this books are not where it's at teaching you how to spell cat I know you'd rather play so why don't you throw on your books [Music] the books in the fire see the planes going higher burning books is our hearts desires [Music] books will not make you wise and readings bad for your eyes I am sure you agree so why don't you give or your books to me burning higher remember [Music] books can only confused teaching you things should listen to me burning your books will set your mind free [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Music] [Applause] [Music] stop um yes it was very predictable why I was gonna show this but uh so last week we watched uh two or three other films in the Unicorn tales series of which magnificent major is one of one of those and none of those have been is nearly as good as magnificent major and is it because there's a grand polony is that what it is in a disco is that what it is I don't know but um that film resonates with me so much more than any of the others um and sadly it got defeated uh in the toe tapping tournament but um let's take a quick look uh so voting will end uh Tuesday tomorrow at midnight um and I won't be able to announce the winner until Thursday because I'll be traveling but we'll still announce that winner those winners those four winners uh so it's fast food versus people working with data zip code song versus good eating keep the promise versus I'm mad at you um seeing through commercials versus run for your life if you look on the AV Geeks YouTube page you will see uh that the quarterfinals and you can watch them in an entirety I'll also show them tomorrow uh but if you you know vote and send your email to skip avgeeks.com that will be great uh we respect your opinions and from the comments we know you know what you're talking about uh so if you haven't done it yet please do it um thanks again for tuning in today that uh portrait of the library was fascinating fascinating film uh silent but there was a soundtrack added later in a musical score um and I I have a feeling it was a amateur Cinema Enthusiast who made it for the benefit of the Free Library and um you know created this narrative and this sense of what what it was it's really kind of an amazing thing there is an amateur Cinema leagues back in the 20s 30s 40s 50s uh but fascinating film thanks for watching that with me uh if you like what you saw hit the thumbs up button you can also reward us with some cash via the super thanks button or you can go to KO Dash fi.com avgeeks or patreon.com avgeeks those are other ways you can support us uh you can also watch other things that we're showing on our YouTube channel it's been add a lot of ads uh on there that give us a little bit of uh money pennies per view or something like that but a crazy thing is happening I should say this real quick um and the last month about eight hundred thousand people have started watching this film about rabies and I have generated a great deal of AD revenue from that and um I think I'm probably going to donate maybe half of it to uh an international rabies um Foundation just because the worst thing I have ever seen on film and sometimes people ask me this the worst thing I've ever seen and I've seen a lot of things on film uh was children with rabies and it was absolutely horrible it was the worst and it made me feel very bad and I've also seen footage of men with rabies and it is horrible horrible thing if you do not get treated for rabies it is a horrible life and it's not a very long life so anyways a bit of a downer there but I'm going to take this weird Fascination that YouTube has with that rabies film and I'm going to put it towards a better cause um so there you go uh thanks again we will see you pre-recorded for the next few days uh I might try to sneak a live thing depending on what the internet's like but we'll see what we can do all right everybody take care we'll see you soon bye