AV Geeks Lunch 2-27-2023

from the Library of Congress in Washington d this has been a presentation of the Library of Congress visit us at loc.gov foreign [Music] thank you [Music] thank you thank you thank you [Music] all right so there were a couple of things that were uh against me I'm skip Alzheimer this is the AV Geeks lunchtime streaming show and so I was running the assembly line sleep machine over the weekend another series of tests and I muted everything except for certain sounds and uh forgot to unmute them so that's why so then I was caught up doing that and I didn't realize that I had had not resized and made contortionist live all sorts of problems anyways uh what I had said about Bronx Mourning was that those Urban scenes of Life reminded me of the film that we watched last night called all that breathes which is a documentary about these two brothers in New Delhi who are trying to rehabilitate these Raptors in uh in the city and just the scenes just don't don't spoil it but the first five minutes of that film is insane so I totally recommend it and it just at some point we're like is this a documentary like what what's going on like it seemed like it was an indie film like a narrative but it really is documentary so anyways I totally recommend that okay now you can hear me um let's see uh let's watch life story of the crayfish speaking of life enjoy crayfish are common animals in many countries of the world they live in or near fresh water you can find them in streams swamps and lakes some crayfish live in water all of their lives others spend part or all of their lives in Burrows in the banks of streams and other moist places crayfish belong to a class of animals called crustaceans crustaceans in turn are members of a still larger group of animals called arthropods all arthropods are jointed legged insects such as the grasshopper and the Bee the millipedes centipedes and the arachnids such as the spider and the king crab of the sea are all arthropods the crayfish looks like a small lobster and is about six inches long its color usually Blends in with its surroundings like other arthropods the crayfish has a hard outer covering or shell called the exoskeleton this is good protection against many enemies the shell is divided into sections or segments the segments can be seen clearly in the tail each segment of the body has a pair of jointed structures that perform a particular job such as seeing tearing or walking for example the eyes are one pair of structures the eyes are on stalks and can be moved in all directions the crayfish has two pairs of feelers or antennae these are sensory organs like the eyes on the underside of the head are six pairs of mouth parts which tear the food break it up into tiny pieces for swallowing and put it into the mouth the crayfish has five pairs of legs the first pair are large claws they are used as weapons and for seizing prey the other four pairs are for walking the tail of the crayfish is really its abdomen attached to the underside of the tail are small structures called swimmerets to which the female attaches her eggs at the end of the tail is the flipper that the crayfish uses for Rapid backward movement this crayfish has lost one claw in a fight with another crayfish crayfish have the power of regenerating lost parts it will grow another Claw from this stump an aquarium is a good place to learn how crayfish live the aquarium should be arranged as much as possible like the creek or the crayfish lived another good way to observe crayfish is in a shallow tray containing moist sand crayfish can breathe out of water if their gills are kept moist this crayfish moves around cautiously at first as it becomes used to its new surroundings the four pairs of walking legs enable the crayfish to go backward forward and sideways the gills of the crayfish are located under these chest coverings water containing oxygen enters the Gill cavity here and leaves here the crayfish's legs are attached to the gills when the legs move the gills move and stir up the water in the respiratory cavity now let's watch this crayfish's reaction to a strange object the crayfish eyes the pencil approaching it it backs away this crayfish reacts to the pencil by using its claws to defend itself against it crayfish seldom kill other animals and only do so when there is no other food to eat this crayfish seems to be hungry its claws tear the food then its mouth Parts chew it up and stuff it in the crayfish is largely a scavenger that is it consumes dead and decaying plant and animal life it in turn is eaten by other animals bullfrogs consume a large number of crayfish so do some of the larger animals such as this raccoon and birds such as this heron it isn't easy to distinguish a male crayfish from a female mating usually takes place in the autumn later when the warm days of spring appear the female lays her eggs and attaches them to the swimmerets on the underside of her tail with a gluey substance the eggs look like berries a female with eggs is said to be in Berry when first laid the eggs are dark as they begin to develop they become lighter in color here movement within the growing embryos can be detected in this closer view the pairs of tiny black spots are the developing eyes after hatching the young crayfish will stay with the mother for about a month here is a young crayfish shortly it will shed its outer covering in a process called molting and become a little larger this is followed by several more moldings when full grown the crayfish will molt from two to four more times in its two-year lifespan watch how it emerges from its Old Shell after each molting it will be a little larger than it was before the crayfish has many crustacean relatives one of these is the lobster which may reach a length of 24 inches others such as fairy shrimps and cyclops are microscopic in size the colorful and edible rock crab the amusing and common fiddler crab and the hermit crab which takes the shell of another sea animal for its home are also close relatives of the crayfish the class has learned much about the crayfish by observing and recording their findings find out how much you have learned by answering these questions what are the functions of some of the parts of the crayfish how do the legs of the crayfish Aid in breathing how do Crayfish reproduce and develop why can't the crayfish grow without molting foreign so many all right um everybody can hear me right just just give me a sanity check it seemed like there was some comments that were off a little bit but made me think like okay maybe I'm not maybe I'm not uh being hurt heard um okay sweet so crayfish crawdads um mud there's there's another one of them there's a there's quite a few um slang terms for those those types of animals but um yeah we've shown other life story uh life story of earthworm earth worm uh Etc now let's learn about elephant babies enjoy [Music] this is the rainforest country of Mysore in Southern India a country of large rivers swamps dense tropical growth for the country of elephants the story we are going to tell you concerns this little elephant baby Rahman is in the forest looking for kalyani the mother elephant who had been LED out into the forest to have her baby 's father put a bell around kalyani's neck so that she can be heard from far away is shouting her name in all directions to make sure the elephant will hear him for a frightened elephant can be very dangerous mother elephant knows Raman for she belongs to raman's father I'll call him cheria says Raman means little one elephant babies nurse several times a day an elephant baby drinks up to three gallons of milk and that is 36 glasses of milk a day elephant's milk is the richest of all animal milk it is time to go back to the Village [Applause] [Music] the mother elephant is a well-trained worker she obeys about his knees and toes he steers her out of the job they walk slowly so that baby cheria won't drop behind [Music] all the elephants and all the men of rahman's Village make their living from the Teakwood which grows in the rainforest only elephants are strong enough to move the heavy teak which is a hardwood that won't rot elephants are taught to perform many kinds of jobs [Music] rahman's father is a foreman when he does not ride his bull elephant he directs the work of others [Applause] as soon as he spots Daman and cheria father Krishnan walks over to see the baby elephant Krishnan is pleased because the little elephant looks so strong and healthy it is hard to believe that this small playful baby elephant will someday be as big and strong as the bull elephant that Krishnan is handling when a mother elephant comes back to Camp she has spared heavy work as long as she nurses the baby while the others still work Rahman takes kalyani and her baby to the river the favorite resting place for elephants and for their mahoots yeah I must have bathed with his mother before because the baby waves merrily into the Stream but the river serves for more than bathing the logs from the camp are pulled down to the river the river is the only highway to the outside world elephants and their Keepers look forward to their evening bath the elephants need bathing not only because of the heat but because their skin is dry and would crack unless it were so frequently [Music] the elephant baby and his mother returned to the Village is joining The Herd [Music] a classroom for elephants cheria is five years older it is time for him to go to school [Music] an elephant classroom is made of strong bamboo poles with just enough space for a young elephant an old and trained elephant helps to keep discipline rahman's brother kopal will be Cherry as mahut with all his strength he tries to move the new student into the classroom but only the strong old elephant can force Chariot to obey it takes time and patience to train an elephant even a young elephant is quite strong so for his own safety and the safety of the mahouds he has to be kept Behind Closed Gates and chained to a post usually it takes three people to train an elephant one for handling the rope and two Riders has never felt weight on his back so he bucks like a Bronco [Music] to you this may seem like a tame Bronco busting but remember an elephant is more dangerous than a horse every time charia is calmed down with a banana one writer follows another gradually cheria recognizes that no one will harm him and he likes to be rewarded for good work after a few weeks he is ready for the Teakwood block foreign this means down this sound means up as you see the heavy wood does the trick of forcing the elephant down are permitting him to get up only after many exercises can kopal climb up and give the command as you know up down cheria obeys what a happy day for the young mahoud when he when he sees that his elephant understands his command good food and good treatment help Chariot grow rapidly today he will have his first serious test kopal is dressing up for the occasion a tiger has been sighted near the lumber camp The Village Elders are organizing a hunt to free the lumber Camp from danger cheria will have to prove himself today the old elephants lead the way [Music] foreign ERS will chase the Tiger in the direction of the hunters [Music] [Music] the young elephant behaved well the tiger is dead the lumber Camp is safe again the elephants returned to work any are the little one is now combanana a working elephant not yet fully grown and Powerful like the old tuskers but already big enough to do a full share of work and earn a living for himself and for his master foreign [Music] database and the databases of others and creating a new website called 16 millimeter filmography and I'll put it in the uh comments um what this is is a uh I'm trying to create a listing of every 16 millimeter film that exists and who has it uh and trying to coordinate with some of the big 16 millimeter archives out in the world and including us and also with other collectors and people who do YouTube channels as well to try to get a sense of what's out there but one of the things I noticed is educational filmmakers love animal baby films there are so many different animal baby films uh Anna and there's like Zoo babies from our storybook Zoo babies wake up um you know all these different things that are I guess kids just love looking at little uh baby animals and so elephant baby would definitely fit that weird genre um let's see there's uh yeah there's chatter about Topsy being electrocuted uh animals elephants being electrocuted for going on Rampages and uh I think Edison you can find that on YouTube uh pretty easily uh I think it's actually part of the paper print collection so basically it was submitted for copyright and then the original film deteriorated but the paper print existed and somebody was able to make a print from from that uh let's see what do we got what do we got I have a film set up on the scanner and this is Black History Month is winding down tomorrow uh but this is a fascinating film and it might not seem like it's black history but it really is this came from South Carolina and this is a film that was made by the state government to talk about how they are working hard to make segregated black schools or negro schools as they say uh just as good as the white schools so this is definitely of a Time uh and and really kind of you know this early segregationist well not early second I mean it's not that long ago but anyways this is a a look at the at what was happening at that time and I think that this was created to show like hey this is what we're spending our money on look look how how Progressive South Carolina is um ironically all right so here is for these are children enjoy [Music] foreign [Music] you're looking at a prominent South Carolina his name is Billy he's a seventh grader this year because of Billy and thousands of boys and girls like him the state of South Carolina has been the site of an educational Revolution the entire State School System serving more than half a million children has undergone vast changes in drastic reorganization in less than six years more has been done for public schools in South Carolina than was accomplished in any other similar period in the state's history as one example enough new classrooms have been built to accommodate 250 000 children all in five years and the results of these physical changes have been and will continue to be felt in All Phases of education for years to come [Music] before and during World War II South Carolina schools were like those in many other states today in fact worse than average many were overcrowded some even operating on double shifts underpaid overworked teachers struggled to maintain order in ancient buildings with bad lighting leaky roofs worn out Furniture bad floors [Music] the sand plate of South Carolina schools began with the national depression of 1929. South Carolina was hard hit the state's textile mills curtailed operations some even shut down for long uncertain periods Farmers had little market for their staple crop cotton and so the cotton withered in the fields thousands were jobless and the Hill People sang Up plenty of ballad with tents and cotton and 40 Cent meat how in the world can a poor man eat um foreign s older boys and girls dropped out of school hoping to find work younger children were kept home because they lacked shoes and clothing [Music] communities found it more and more difficult to pay teachers salaries with dwindling tax receipts many teachers had to seek other work [Music] repairs to school plants were meager indeed then came World War II and the school situation became even worse to the armed forces and to War Industries material shortages aggravated by the war further limited school expansion and repair by the time the war was over many rural schools had deteriorated into miserable Shacks unfit for human use and buildings such as these one teacher strove to maintain order and instill knowledge in 30 to 40 children ranging in age from 6 to 16 years students built lean-to sheds to serve as cafeterias outdoor toilets contributed to the spread of disease as the drinking water drawn from tumbledown Wells in the schoolyard Urban schools were of course in better shape physically but many were old badly designed ill-heated poorly lighted typical of General conditions of the state was Abbeville County and the rolling Piedmont Hills by 1950 Abbeville County had more than 5 000 children enrolled in its 58 schools staffed by 191 teachers there were only 12 school buses and 12 private cars whose honors had contracted to drive a few remote youngsters to school each day annual salaries for teachers range from an unbelievable low of 700 to a maximum high of nineteen hundred dollars the administrative organization of schools in Abbeville County was a hodgepodge and was typical of the situation in other parts of the state the county was divided into 27 school districts each district governed by a Board of Trustees some appointed some elected and since there were 27 school districts in the county operating without coordination there was no possibility of planning a program for all the pupils of the county school districts operating elementary schools were independent of the district operating high schools under these conditions which were typical there was no authority to plan the Improvement of the educational program as a whole to learn anything about the economics of County School operation for decades back it was necessary to look up original claims filed by dozens of different individuals obviously a more business-like Arrangement was called for the creaking groaning school system the impossibility of modernization on local funds alone and the ever louder complaints of parents were having their impact in the state capital in January of 1950 then Governor Strom Thurmond called on the legislature to investigate the school situation and said that additional revenues would have to be found for our school system a legislative committee was chosen to look under the matter the committee headed by representative Ernest Hollings after intensive study and consultation with many Educators such as Mr G.C Frampton the superintendent of schools of Charleston County recommended that the state come to the rescue of the districts by providing aid for school construction and also recommended a program of school district reorganization and state supervised transportation recommendation and supplementary legislation was heartily endorsed by incoming Governor James F Burns when I resigned as Secretary of State I fully intended never again to serve in public office however a study of our school situation impressed me with the inadequacies of the system and with the inequalities existing between rural and urban schools and between schools for white and colored pupils an ambition to change that condition caused me to return to public office in 1950. when he inaugurated as governor I advocated the bond issue of 75 million dollars and the leveling of a sales tax of three percent for the purpose of equalizing school facilities I said then it is our duty to provide for the races substantial equality in school facilities we should do it because it is right for me that is sufficient of the first 75 million dollars 70 percent was allocated to negro schools even though the Negro School enrollment constituted by 39 of the total enrollment subsequently the bond issue was increased to 137 million dollars it was supplemented by local funds in every school district Negroes now have one high school and more than one Elementary School on the whole the Negro school buildings are superior to the white school balloons because they are modern today I am proud that Dr standing the relatively low per capita income of our people our school facilities for white and colored students compare favorably with those of any state of the union this new law created a state educational Finance commission to promote the Improvement of the school system and the physical facilities of same to modernize the public school system to issue bonds and to secure funds for building and to assume responsibility for transporting students the commission was appointed in April of 51. it selected Dr E.R crew one of the state's outstanding Educators as its director crew in turn named assistant director Patrick C Smith who is in charge of financial accounting W.B Sutherland supervisor of Schoolhouse planning and Ralph a Durham supervisor of Transportation State educational Finance commission held its first meeting on April the 30th 1951 since that time it is it has allocated to school districts for building purposes some 171 million dollars and with this amount enough classrooms have been built to seat more than half the state's school children this is an achievement unprecedented in the history of this or of any other state this has been done with an annual appropriation of twenty dollars per pupil per year for the year 1955-56 this was approximately 21 percent of the revenue from the sales tax if the school districts should Bond themselves to secure the amounts provided by the state for school building purposes it would require an average tax rate of 19 and 7 10 mills to retire the indebtedness one of the most important results of the school building program has been the elimination of small school districts and the consolidation of schools as a result pupils in rural areas henceforth will have educational advantages equal to those living in cities and towns and improved education Administration should result in better educational achievement the educational Finance commission has discharged its duties fearlessly and without regard to political considerations the achievements of these five years have been made possible by the cooperation of local school officials and local communities and finally it should be noted it has been the general assembly which has been responsible for this the state's most serious effort to educate all its children on the commission allocated funds for the new school program the Revolution was underway the state's Architects and contractors threw themselves wholeheartedly under the project under building program began the quiet Southern ERA reverberated with the rattle of jackhammers drills power shovels and the shouts of laborers plasterers bricklayers electricians plumbers Carpenters steel erection workers and a host of others of the state's most skilled men and women in a room of the educational finance commission's office in Colombia are several tons of blueprints and working drawings representing an astronomical number of man-hours of plans and dreams of radically new buildings and of more conservative structures somewhere in South Carolina today the stand the structures depicted by each of these sets of blueprints in the country in small towns and large cities from the Blue Ridge Foothills to the edge of the Atlantic Ocean no area has been slated each has received new schools new buildings renovation and modern according to its needs and within the bounds of available local funds and those dispersed by the educational Finance Commission and that despite the speed with which the school building program has progressed the dictates of beauty utility and other phases of good design were not ignored eloquent testimony to the interest in cooperation of South Carolina's Architects and building contractors is the large number of national award-winning school plans such as this one and the small community of Wagner located on spacious rolling grounds with plenty of room for future expansion the school embodies all the fine concepts of modern architecture and its relationship to use it was one of six in the nation given design award citations and a national competition [Music] early in 1951 the Abbeville County Board of Education Consolidated 27 school districts throughout the county into one and employed Dr Ellison M Smith as administrative superintendent of Abbeville schools Dr Smith former director of the state's teacher certification program made plant consolidation and Improvement of existing school buildings his first aim he believed that successful School operation could be accomplished only with the informed cooperation of teachers and parents and placed budget records and disbursement charts on permanent display in his office for all to see visits from interested citizens were always welcome and he inaugurated monthly newsletters to trustees faculty and PTA members Dr Smith's wide open policy attracted cooperation during the consolidation process and by 1955 33 elementary schools were combined into 11 10 high schools were concentrated into four in four years time all Abbeville schools had Central Heating cafeterias libraries and were provided with home economics Agricultural and science classrooms schoolyards were cleared and planted School shops turned out shelves and storage cabinets for classrooms Dr Smith also keeps an eye on the future with approval of the Abbeville Board of Education he has arranged purchases of sites adjoining School properties leveled them and made playgrounds and athletic fields and planted lawns when necessary building expansion can proceed without delay changes within School organizational setups have been tremendous in 1951 there were 1221 school districts today as a result of reorganization there are 106. more than one thousand small schools where physical facilities were the poorest and educational results most meager have been eliminated those few remaining are rapidly being Consolidated into larger plants the third revolutionary maneuver executed by the South Carolina educational Finance commission ran into some opposition it involved the school bus transportation system long operated by local districts each district employed its own bus drivers out of its own operational fund and in some rural districts the low salaried job became a political Grant to be handed out Anew each time a county election was held the state's lawmakers passed legislation transferring maintenance of school buses to the state highway department conferences between Dr crew and chief Highway commissioner CR MacMillan resulted in Rapid mobilization of the highway Department's experts and the largest mass driver training program in the state's history was begun the new school bus drivers were Junior and senior high school students with good records and they were pleat the driver training courses operated by the highway department they were to be paid 25 a month for their services within four months highway patrolman and driver training experts at the American Automobile Association trained and certified more than 3 000 student drivers these new bus drivers receive intensive classroom instruction in both driving and bus maintenance and then pass rigorous field tests before being eligible for employment a lot of opposition to student drivers was based on the belief that teenagers were Reckless dangerous drivers but the highway Department's records show that South Carolina Student drivers have established one of the nation's best school bus driving records today with 4 000 school buses transporting a quarter million South Carolina children to and from school each day the transportation program costs about one-third less per child than it did five years ago when there were 2200 buses carrying 140 000 students duplication of bus routes has been eliminated and more efficient purchasing methods have resulted in lower cost Abbeville of course got new school buses according to its population today 47 well-kept County buses transport around 2500 boys and girls to Abbeville schools the Abbeville school picture since 1951 includes workshops for parents and teachers resulting in a greater interest in the school's welfare and where active interest in advanced education was lacking in many citizens in the past now a clear unlimited Horizon of opportunity presents itself and with it the inevitable signs of economic betterment to date almost two million dollars has been spent in this County alone to construct four new schools and to renovate and remodel 11 others in some cases entire new wings were built containing as many classrooms as the existing building in other cases the repairs were relatively minor some building and Improvement remains to be made but it is small compared to the desperate needs that existed before on the program now nearly 90 complete is finished Abbeville County will be prepared to meet basic educational needs for the next decade [Music] while South Carolina's rural schools have undergone tremendous changes the urban problem while different in many respects was quite serious and equally difficult to solve since World War II the South and especially South Carolina has been the scene of the greatest Industrial Development in the nation's history hundreds of plants have built in this area and with them have come thousands of new people and new families South Carolina educational authorities are aware of the fact that school facilities are a vital concern to industrialists in terms of available educated labor it is probable that South Carolina's rapidly expanding school system has played a part in the industrial Trek to the state the South Carolina's largest cities are burgeoning sprawling spreading expanding into the peaceful Countryside and for the past five years thousands of War babies have entered City Schools the national birth rate is still soaring and there will be thousands of new first graders for every year in the foreseeable future the urban School problem therefore is a matter of space of keeping up with a fantastic demand for more physical facilities since 1950 the total School population in Colombia South Carolina's largest city has increased from a total enrollment of 18 000 to more than twenty five thousand many City Schools too were old and in bad repair when World War II started after the war demands were greater than ever Colombia was barely able to squeeze in the 1951-52 enrollment of pupils until the educational Finance commission's allocation made it possible to build additional classrooms and new school buildings [Music] there is still a severe problem an average of 1713 children will enter crowded City Schools each year for the next five years in addition to classroom space need for new Personnel such as lunchroom workers clerical help and nurses will be very great Columbia City schools have thus far been allocated about seven million dollars by the educational Finance Commission allocations are per capita based on the child population of the area Colombia's allocation has produced nine new schools 14 new additions and Renovations and 12 sites for new schools but the end is not in sight and neither is a prominent solution either in Colombia or Abbeville the local school officials and parents must go on working as well as the educational Finance Commission the law creating the commission States specifically that schools are a joint responsibility of local school districts and the state chairman of the commission is the Governor George Bell Tillerman Jr commission members are Dewey h Johnson W guest family LP Hollis Charles P Elliott David W Robinson J.C long and Jesse T Anderson Governor tomerman looking to the Future in consultation with representative James a Spruill Jr had this to say South Carolina has made in a minimum of time tremendous educational progress progress revolutionizing school facilities and transportation for our boys and girls wherever they may live and regardless of varying economic circumstances the magnitude of the school program required The Cooperative effort of many individuals men like James a Spruill Jr of Toronto Rhodes scholar former professor of Law and legislator it was his Keen mind that composed the principal draft of legislation under which an educational dream became a reality it was done despite our having the third lowest individual income in the nation and the second largest per capita School population having done so much with so little in so short of time we know we have the ability to do much more the schoolhouse alone is not enough the future of our children will depend upon the soundness of our educational system the classrooms of today are molding the character of our future in this atomic age our rapid industrial progress is unfolding opportunities which will demand intelligently educated men and women greatest need is to provide our boys and girls with the best education that we can reasonably afford and education comparable to our modern school facilities South Carolina's revolution in school Construction should be the inspiration for a Renaissance a Renaissance in education that will constantly ensure curriculum suitable to changing needs a Renaissance in education that will provide the quality as well as the quantity of teachers that we need a Renaissance that will utilize to the fullest all of our educational resources and ingenuity working together during the years since the commission was created the educational Finance commission and the local school authorities have given South Carolina the finest system of schools in its entire history a record of which the state is justly proud from the mountains to the seashore South Carolinians are determined that this Legacy must and shall be continued for these our children [Music] [Applause] [Music] um fascinating and I I wish that the uh the guy the politician at the end who said legislator I I would love for him to go head to head with James Brill encyclopedia britannica's narrator on interesting pronunciations of words that we know um thanks for tuning in today Nathan thank you for the ten dollars that was awesome he contributed via the super thanks button um you can also contribute by hitting the like uh you can also contribute by watching other videos on the YouTube channel um go to KO Dash fi.com avgeeks buy us coffee or go to patreon.com avgeeks and that's another way you can donate cash to us so we can buy think excuse me things like scissors there are many rooms at the AV Geeks archive and only a small portion of them have scissors and we're trying to put scissors in each room so that I don't pick them up and then leave them somewhere it's all about me and how lackadaisical I am with where I put my scissors um thanks so much uh we will be back again tomorrow Tuesday and we'll watch some more films it'll be great everybody have a great rest of your Monday and we will see you tomorrow bye everybody