AV Geeks Lunch 10-9-2023

hi everybody I'm skip Alzheimer and if you've been watching for the last couple of days you'll say geez skip you've been wearing the same shirt um it's because I've pre-recorded all these uh intros uh on the same day and haven't even taken a shower yet that's that's what we're doing here at a Geeks anyways uh yeah so we watch old 16 mm films I'm skip Alzheimer if I haven't said it already uh but but yeah so uh I'm traveling but I still want to show you guys 16mm films and we have some that you haven't seen uh today's show is about Behavior films uh about Behavior Uh specifically Behavior Uh is in the title of each of the films we'll be showing so uh we'll be starting off with um learning about human behavior a uh cornet film then learning and behavior and I think we're going to have some uh Skinner uh in here um and some shaping uh with some pigeons pecking at some things uh then uh we're going to end it with uh an amazing film that I love to show I discovered it it's called neurotic Behavior a psychodynamic View and it is basically talking about uh neuros and how it portrays itself in a a college student who is afraid of girls essentially it's that's how it plays out it is wonderful uh you know some people watch it and said this is just psycho Babble uh psychodynamics I I guess is a way to kind of think about Behavior Uh and it it I feel like it's step away from pseudo science uh but it probably I don't know I I'm not keeping up on the literature but uh anyways it is how it plays out is it's just a wonderful film um but uh thanks for tuning in today uh we are like I said we're in Canada and having a great time but uh we will see you live at some point when we come back uh in the meantime hit the Thumbs Up Button hit the like button uh go to ko-fi.com avgeeks to buy us coffee uh we will use that coffee in Canada uh that money that you donate to Coffee uh also you can go to patreon.com avgeeks or you can uh donate via the super thanks button thanks everybody uh we will see you live soon at some point all right [Music] enjoy [Music] [Music] the study of human behavior trying to find out why people act as they [Music] do investigations that reveal more to us about ourselves that begin to answer the question what is a human being from a psychological point of view some psychologists are concerned with physical factors in human behavior one describes his work our tools and methods are like those of a physician we have devices we use to measure physical reactions to analyze blood and the secretions of ductless glands we've learned that the nervous system matures Rel ly slowly we've learned that people have innate forms of behavior reflexes if your eyes blinked that was a reflex a child's toes curl when the sole of his foot is rubbed also a reflex we've found that learning depends on physical as well as mental considerations for instance a certain physical Readiness has to exist before a person can learn to read many of us believe that before age six the average child can't learn to read no matter how much training he gets but around six reading readiness occurs Vision hearing and language become coordinated and he learns to read human behavior in terms of physical development other scientists investigate perception how the human organism selects information from the environment our test provide stimuli people can see hear or feel standardized test cards we know how thousands of people have responded to them over the years and a variety of bells alarms timers and other devices that produce and measure stimuli using them we've learned about the concept of focus how a person's attention is focused on certain stimuli what do you see the average person focuses his attention on the ball carrier he barely perceives the many other details Focus often shifts do you see a white face on a black background now as your attention shifts do you see black profiles of two people facing each other we've learned that no matter how confusing the clue are a person's perceptions make size brightness Direction and depth seem logical and consistent the study of perception in human behavior other behavioral scientists investigate learning we use a number of tests puzzles and problems to study learning non-verbal tests do not require a knowledge of language verbal ones do some experiments provide a reward for one sort of answer and Punishment such as a mild electric shock for another can you learn the path through the maze can you find your way through the this maze any faster if we tell you that your response will be graded by your teacher whether or not your teacher actually graded you it's a fact that the two learning tasks were equally difficult the difference was that the promise of grad in may have increased your motivation to learn also the first maze gave you practice in solving the second one we found that motivation practice repetition and concentration are important in learning many of the experiments we use are based on the work of Ivan pavlof a Russian physiologist pavlof inserted a tube in a dog's mouth to drain off saliva a bell was sounded when food was offered to the dog a dog normally salivates over food but in time this dog salivated at the sound of the Bell even with no food present this type of learning is conditioning some believe it's the basis of all learning learning experiments often have practical aspects for example the rotary Pursuit test is used by the Air Force to examine certain Aviation aptitudes other scientists study human emotions an emotion itself can't be seen or measured but polygraphs and other devices help us recognize emotional responses changes in breathing pattern the electrical conductivity of the skin blood pressure and pulse rate blood volume oxygen content using these techniques and asking people to describe their emotional feelings we've learned that the tendency toward some emotional patterns is probably inherited but the way emotions develop is probably learned were you startled the startle pattern is both an emotional response and a reflex normally the eyes of a startled person blink and the mouth widens in the suggestion of a grin the study of emotions another investigator studies intelligence and aptitudes the tools we use are intelligence and aptitude tests the kind that are given in many schools some require a person to arrange BL boxs in a particular pattern We Believe fast correct performance indicates intelligence other tests call on people to recognize similarities and differences which of the six figures to the right look exactly like the one to the left except for position which of these figures look exactly like the one to the left except for position we believe that many such test items together can give a profile of intelligence and aptitudes testing many people we found that a person's problem solving ability is related to language the ability to generalize and a number of other factors we plot test performances of a number of subjects curves the high point on a curve indicates the score most frequently earned on a particular test and we assume that people who earn similar scores resemble each other in certain important ways intelligence and aptitudes social behavior is investigated by other scientists our point of view is that people are uniquely human Because We Gather in social groups a street gang a football team a family all our social groups even the class you're in now is a social group every group has leaders followers special roles that people play the role of the clown the role of respected Elder member every group has ways of reward in people or punishing them people who study social behavior May investigate and report on social systems that exist in all groups hours to come and go ways of getting other members attention and so on now all of you in the group Raise Your Right hands high did you consider me a leader for your group maybe you'll want to discuss why you did or didn't react who if anyone moved first who looked to your teacher or friends for approval social behavior how people behave in groups studying your class your Club your family you can understand the work of scientists who investigate social behavior their study along with studies in intelligence and aptitudes emotions learning perception and physical development reveal to us more about the ways in which we think and act human [Music] behavior Apple this child is using new educational device geometric forms she goes on to match letters of the alphabet vision is matching the same geometric forms that the child matched it's also learning a new skill child and pigeon today we shall find out what they have in common can help us penetrate the mysteries of human behavior Conquest the search for new knowledge about our univers our world and [Music] ourselves I'm Charles Collingwood this is Harvard University's psychological Laboratories what is behavior what makes a man love gamble write a sonnet in this laboratory scientists seek answers to those questions using pigeons to stand in for human beings in their experiments we'll watch science exploring the control of behavior in just a moment this is Dr BF Skinner professor of psychology at Harvard his area of particular interest is behavior Dr Skinner what are you doing with this pigeon I'm getting ready to demonstrate a fundamental principle of behavior the operatus is quite simple but the principle is far reaching not only in EXP explaining the behavior of pigeons but uh in analyzing human behavior this pigeon is hungry and I can give it food just by pressing this switch which operates a small food dish back of the square opening in the wall the principle I want to demonstrate is called reinforcement it's what the Layman usually calls reward although that term doesn't fit too comfortably in many applications this point is quite simple one whatever the pigeon is doing when I press this switch it will tend to do again and in that way I can select parts of its behavior and make it do practically anything I like well now what sort of thing can you make of reward try to turn the bird around uh counter clockwise toward you every time it moves its head around this way toward you I'll pick that up and with a little luck we ought to have a complete turn in very little time I'm waiting until the head moves this way and then reinforcing I want to wait for a somewhat bigger turn that's enough I think takes a little skill to anticipate just the move you want to reinforce because this must occur at the very moment of the response we're getting the beginnings of a counterclockwise turn there we are yeah come on p a little bit more and you'll go all the way around I think there I made it that didn't take him very long Dr No that's pretty fair it varies a good deal because of course I have to wait for the behavior in order to reinforce it people don't realize this especially in working with children you must wait until the child does something to reinforce it to get get the effect and you feel that this kind of reward or reinforcement plays a very real part in human being Behavior as well as that of pigeons uh very definitely uh we have not as much experimental evidence with the human subject but we have a good deal and the principles that have emerged from this kind of research do hold remarkably well now a pigeon of course is simpler than than a human being how complex can you make pigeon's Behavior well it's a matter simply of my own patience um you can slowly shape almost any kind of behavior two or three years ago uh in a classroom demonstration just to see what we could do we designed a little piece of apparatus in which two pigeons could play ping pong the two pigeons are at either end of a small ping pong table one pigeon pecks the ball as it comes toward him and knocks it with the other way the other pigeon eats so that there's a real it's a real game the uh pigeon uh is reinforced for a crosscourt shot if that is what gets the ball past his opponent that's remarkable of course we're not interested in Behavior because it's amusing or dramatic uh we want to study its causes and find out how to change it actually our experiments are run automatically by rather complicated equipment each of these panels contains relays timers clocks and so on which turn on stimuli arrange for for reinforcement and record the bird's Behavior each panel controls an apparatus in the Next Room here are 20 boxes Each of which contains complete equipment for studying the behavior of a pigeon or any other small animal here for example a pigeon is being put into the apparatus for its daily run in this case we are studying how Behavior changes when we make the pigeon more or less hungry by feeding it different amounts of Food daily we can change it body weight and study the effect of this on its behavior in this box we're studying the color vision of the pigeon we reinforce it for pecking the key when it is and not when it is another this work is related to research on those substances in the eye which enable us to see color no one really cares about why pigeons Speck discs however it enables us to study the behavior because the response will operate automatic equipment to record and program sequences of events a paper tape simply moves very slowly over this cylinder and a pen will move one small step across the paper as the pigeon responds mhm the bird then draws a line the slope of which depends upon how fast it's going enabling us to follow changes in the bird's Behavior over a period of time all this apparatus is run right around the clock and as a result we record and analyze hundreds of hours of behavior every day on a wide variety of subjects perhaps if we went to the laboratory of my colleague Dr herstein we could see something a little closer to the actual experimental uh work that we carry on in these Laboratories we reinforc the bird for pecking when the light is on but when the light is off the bird is not reinforced for pecking as you see the light comes to control his behavior when the light is on he peegs when it's off he doesn't this process we call stimulus discrimination the control exerted by that light over the Bri Behavior can be very strong as you can see yes there are comparable situations in human behavior we've learned to cross the street when the light is green and not to cross the street when the light is red well some of us have Dr hearin there's still a good many people who cross the street on a red light that's because they get away with it occasionally that's true if we let the bird get away with it he would do it too as a matter of fact that's a good example of another type of work we do here with this particular type of experimentation the things we do in everyday life don't always pay off mly reinforced and there are various schedules According to which what we do can be reinforced intermittently we study that in the case of the pigeon by arranging schedules or systems of payoff the bird is on what we call a Slowdown schedule in order to be reinforce the bird must wait at least 10 seconds before he TS this uh indicator here shows the seconds going by it has to go all way to 10 and then a PE is reinforced if he pecks too soon must start waiting all over again it takes a lot of patience this is a very hard schedule for any sort of animal including man you made it didn't he yes yes you did yeah uh can you build this bird up to a fixed ratio well I'll try what do you mean by a fixed ratio well that's our term for what in Industry would be called a piece rate or pieace work pay the bird is reinforced for every 10 pexi makes very reinforced and you feel Dr Skinner there's an analogy with pieace work in a factory for this yes the human worker is often paid off in terms of the number of items he produces a number of times he operates a press or something of that sort as a matter of fact a very similar schedule is a a sort of piece work where you can't quite predict the next payoff but but uh one will occur in time and that is the heart of all the so-called variable ratio schedule which is built into all gambling devices and produces with human subjects just as it does with pigeons a very high disposition to continue to operate a device like a slot machine uh and a tendency which by the way continues a long time in extinction when the device no longer pays off at all now you're trying to deduce laws of behavior for all organisms from this kind of work would you say that this lack of Free Will in the pigeon also means that human beings don't have free choices in what they do Clinical Psychology scientific psychology economics political science and so on all contribute to the total evidence that there are external causes of human behavior which in a sense do explain the Behavior now we have our no means by no means in position to argue at the moment that all human behavior is controlled but that would seem to be the goal in which scientific research is is drifting and that a human being has no more real control over his actions than say a molecule does under the pressures that exist in its environment I think that's a worthwhile assumption where these techniques have been tried on human subjects the same kinds of results are obtain of course the kind of behavior that you've been analyzing is pretty primitive Behavior are you able to produce and to analyze more complex Behavior Dr herstein has been changing his apparatus and perhaps we can see an example of a fairly complex process the kind of thing which in man would at one time have been called a higher mental process now we have three keys as you can see a stimulus pattern appears on the center key that's either a cross through a circle the bird must Peck this form and then the uh two forms appear on the two bird must then Peck the same form that he had just packed in the center that he's reinforced we call this matching to sandle now that's pretty complex for a bird it is a rather complex form of behavior he's doing very well now what does this complex behavior on the part of the pigeon teach you about the behavior of humans well there's a perfectly simple parallel here is a similar device which can be used to teach a child to match patterns forms colors and so on in fact it could be used to teach reading in the early stages a child Begins by matching patterns like these which are very similar to those we saw in the case of the pigeon at this point the child is reinforced simply by operating the machine and moving on to new material at the later stage she's matching letters first simply as geometrical form but later as genuine letters in the alphabet and at a still later stage she is which correctly describes the pictured object at every stage operating the machine brings new and interesting material into view and this is enough to to reinforce the child so that she will continue to work for long periods of time eventually in this way she acquires a considerable reading skill this is our self-instruction room these students are studying with the aid of a device which is based upon very similar principles to the one we've just seen I think the best way for you to see how it works is to try it here is a set of materials designed to teach the very principles we've been talking about today this first frame has a word missing it's up to you as a student to read it and Supply that word by writing it on this strip of paper all right performing animals are sometimes trained with rewards the behavior of a hungry animal can be rewarded with food well you put it down and the Machine will tell you now lift the lever theide you're your your answer is now under a transparent cover so you can't change it we don't trust you and the true answer has appeared there and as you see you are right say cool since you're right move the lever to the right that means that that particular item will not appear again as you go through this material because you've answered it correctly now put the lever back in the original position and the second item appears a technical term for reward is reinforcement to reward an organism with food is to reinforce it with food well see what the machine says reinforce pull this up reinforce that's right so you move it to the right to record the fact that you got that right and go back there's the next item technically speaking a thirsty organism can be reinforced with water all right I shouldn't tell you that because the machine's going to tell you right reinforced note not reward not reward reward would have been wrong because you were asked to speak technically all right now you notice how small each step is you don't make very much progress but you always make some and you are almost always able to make progress the student does not study before he comes to the machine the machine teaches him the whole story and each step is so small that he is almost invariably right even though this is unfamiliar material now is this as effect as reading a text or listening to say Dr Skinner give a it's much more efficient I'm sorry to say than the latter and I think also in the for the former uh the student were studying with a text he has to read he doesn't know whether he knows it yet or not he's looking forward to that hour test a month away and the only reinforcement he gets from this is something which is very far in the future with this he knows immediately whether he's right or not and our students report that they do this with no feeling of effort they don't need to force themselves to study and they retain as far as we know even better than the other type and the saving in time is very great uh I don't have figures to support this but I would risk the statement that with this type of arrangement of material you can learn the same amount in about half the time with half the effort now this is a good deal farther advanced than what the pigeon was doing it is verbal behavior and the analysis of verbal behavior in these terms is quite complex I'll admit however there are certain elements of similarity we do insist upon quick reinforcement we insist upon the slow development of new forms of response so that each step can be taken and is then reinforced uh reinforced by my feeling of uh of pleasure of accomplishment that I've got it right well I wouldn't allow myself to say it just that way but you are reinforced by your success and I I think it's a very gratifying characteristic of human behavior that success is itself reinforcing we don't need to give you gumdrops every time you're right on this now with a machine like this or with this technique of about emotions have you done anything on emotional training well that is that is a very difficult problem you're quite correct this is only concerned with verbal knowledge and I'll admit that education should face the problem of emotional training too we are doing some experiments which seem to offer a beginning uh of an advance in that direction and perhaps if you'd like to see them we can go back to the laboratory and I can show you an experiment which at least uh suggests the possibility of an approach to the problem of emotion more or less in the same terms the pigeon is not known for its aggressive tendencies on the contrary it's a classical symbol of peace but let's put two doves of piece together oh they're fighting they are and quite viciously in fact I can't leave them together very long or they will hurt each other quite seriously now if these were two boys in a street gang this would be a social problem and many kinds of answers would be proposed to it uh if you assume that this is some basic physiological pattern of aggression which has to be treated as such the solutions are very difficult therapy would be uh a very extensive sort of treatment however these birds were not always aggressive in fact at one time they were quite peaceful what happened to make them aggressive I can show you by putting in another uh bird to exhibit a kind of reinforcement which produced the results you've just now this this pigeon when the green light is on as you see on the the word on the wall this bird is occasionally reinforced for attacking the other meanwhile you see this bird is protesting peacefully the aggressor is aggressing because of what he gets out of it now when I change a stimulus I've turned off a green light and you'll see that the other pigeon although it occasionally attacks is much less aggressive now I turn the light back to green again it will fight and order to be paid off now why is that Dr Skinner well it's just like the experiment in discrimination we saw earlier in the presence of a green light attacking this bird pays off in the presence of a white light attacking the bird does not you'll see a little aggression but it is still you see under pretty much under control now with the green light comes right back and attacks again yes when we first started this we observed that the aggressor was behaving in a perfectly cool manner very much as if he were pecking a key on a on a wall but as this behavior develops it becomes more and more emotional it shows the physiological pattern the feathers fluff up do you suspect that human beings are taught aggression in the same way I think they are I think you can see that they are both as individuals and as groups or even Nations there are many instances in which one is reinforced for attacking another and in the world of the green light where that reinforcement prevails with aggression there is a possibility that we can construct some kind of world with a white light in which no one is reinforced for being aggressive and it is just a possibility that in that case uh we wouldn't have the problem of aggression to deal with thank you Dr Skinner we'll be back in a moment today we've shown how the behavior of a simple pigeon can help science understand the complex behavior of man the fictions that we invent to explain nature are much more flattering than the truth nobody liked it when the cernac system elbowed man out of the center of the universe or when Darwin showed that embarrassing link to the lower animals and now we're being told that all our actions are determined by our environment some that this is true this new knowledge should make it possible for man to raise himself to new heights of kindness intelligence and happiness this is Charles Collingwood [Music] la Peter Mason a college senior having planned an encounter with a young woman whom he finds attractive then behaves in such a way as to prevent the relationship he wants from developing we call such inappropriate self-defeating Behavior neurotic most of us have on occasion regarded someone we know perhaps at times even ourselves as neurotic in some degree in fact some psychologists argue that everyone in our culture is neurotic but what does neurotic mean what is neurotic behavior and what causes it to shed light on these questions we will examine the symptoms that lead us to regard Peter's Behavior as neurotic and will probe the underlying mental forces which we believe motivate that behavior the point of view we will assume is termed psychodynamic oh wow there's not really that much difference at all really okay well I got to go to buy I'll see you all right I'll see you later take it easy hey you know that girl Lisa the one who used to go out with Rod yeah right well she's been pumping me for information about you you know like who your friends are you know what kind of things you do stuff like that so she told me that tonight she's going to be at the bolab I don't know what do you mean you don't know those things never work you got to be kidding yeah I guess I should I'll go over there tonight I got to go we'll see our premise is that during early childhood Peter was in psychodynamic terms traumatized by painful experiences resulting from the harsh disciplinary methods employed by his mother particularly in relation to her over concern for cleanliness now elements in his adult environment threatened to reactivate the unconscious feelings associated with this early set of bad experiences the psychodynamic approach strongly emphasizes unconscious motivation behavior is seen as the interplay between active or dynamic mental forces both conscious and unconscious and environmental Al circumstances the ultimate source of neurotic behavior is to be found in unhappy and unresolved relationships early in our lives when later environmental pressures threaten to reactivate the sense of pain and loss we unconsciously associate with such childhood experience the Mind contrives defenses those defenses used in excess are signs of neurotic Behavior Peter excuse me what happened you ran away so fast I didn't know what happened bu the ink on me look I'm filthy I tried to get the ink off it's ruined Christ oh come on you can get another shirt look what do you say we forget the library for tonight we go over to that concert no I couldn't I mean I've got to try and get this shirt clean you know what I mean I got to go what we are watching are the obsessive compulsive symptoms of neurosis as you have probably guessed the obsessions and compulsions that affect so much of Peter's Behavior suggest some override ing exaggerated need for cleanliness in order to probe the dynamic process which initiate and sustain these symptoms let's go back and take a closer look at Peter's Behavior earlier in the day here he prepares himself to go to the library fully aware that Lisa will be there at this point we are going to take a trip a highly impressionistic one into Peter's mind here in the dynamic Arena of the neurotic processes images from Peter's external experience travel through his Consciousness away from us to the inner recesses of Peter's self these external experiences activate images from Peter's subconscious the images coming toward us are Peter's memories fears and [Music] Fantasies here Peter appears more tense he is experiencing the major precondition of neurotic Behavior anxiety anxiety is not in itself neurotic in the psychodynamic view every culture in every age and our own in particular induces some degree of anxiety in every one of its members the difference between normal and neurotic anxiety lies in how a person copes with it if we function adequately despite our anxieties we are usually considered to be normal however if anxiety hampers our life function significantly if we are unable to deal with it we are probably neurotic Peter is manifesting several of the classic symptoms of anxiety his face is tight his posture stiff his breathing and heartbeat accelerated and he perspiring freely he fearful jumpy and irritable something in Peter's environment is queuing this Rush of [Music] anxiety the image of Lisa causes a painful memory indicated in green to surface from Peter's unconscious the image of his angry mother is so Laden with anx anxiety that Peter's unconscious fights to protect him from the pain of it the image is repressed barred from entering Peter's [Music] Consciousness repression a defense mechanism is one of the major processes of neuronic behavior however repression isn't totally effective as you see even though the image is repressed some of the anxiety still reaches Peter's Consciousness these vestages of uneasiness and apprehension are known as free floating or diffuse anxiety such diffuse anxiety has a marked effect on Peter's Behavior his overreaction to the stain is an indication of Peter's inability to cope with his anxiety the stain affects a change in the flow of images the upset in Peter's life is reflected in his mind by The increased intensity of images traveling toward his unconscious they cue even more threatening images the unconscious evolves another defense mechanism rationalization like repression rationalization functions as a guard against the pain of anxiety unlike repression rationalization allows the image to pass into Consciousness but Alters it to make it less threatening for example Peter's unconscious rationalizes the ink to be waterproof rather than washable another instance of rationalization occurs when Peter's unconscious increases the size of the stain on his shirt these rationalizations serve to improve Peter's self-esteem by increasing the magnitude of the problem thus justifying his irrational Behavior to himself defense mechanisms are an enormous drain on time and energy the more that have to be evoked the greater the constriction On Life's experience as we have seen the cue for Peter's agitated state was the stain on his clothing in the psychodynamic view irrational concern for personal cleanliness can and usually does have its roots in childhood specifically in severe punitive methods employed in toilet training in that perspective residual images and feelings from that traumatic episode early in Peter's life are contributing to his present Behavior Peter is trying to rationalize his behavior to Lisa as well is to himself it simply doesn't work here Lisa invites him to the concert the invitation induces [Music] panic the idea of going to the concert activates more anxiety-provoking images they press with greater urgency toward Consciousness until still another defense mechanism comes into play displacement displacement acts as an inhibitor of anxiety Laden images displacement transforms painful images into less painful ones displacement protects Peter from anxiety by focusing his attention on new less threatening images displacement is often a major defense involved in the formation of phobic symptoms a phobia is a pathological fear of some specific object or situation Peter's phobia is against crowds of people people from the images and memories stimulated it seems he fears that the people in the concert audience will dirty him contaminate him with their filth the fear of crowds called okobia seems to Peter himself an unreasonable condition making him act in ways he wishes he did not have to but the fear overwhelms him and he is compelled to tell Lisa he can't go at this point a number of forces are affecting Peter's Behavior the phobia of crowds the compulsion to avoid groups of people and the anxieties they stimulate the free floating diffuse anxiety and the non-specific apprehension and uneasiness it generates and the strong desire to rid himself of the dirtiness he feels contaminates him the anxieties the defense mechanism and phobic symptoms keep Peter from doing what he wants to do by cutting off many Avenues of experience they severely limit his life in psychodynamic terms Peter has now given way to the symptoms of obsessive compulsive [Music] neurosis [Music] defense mechanisms are working harder but they are inefficient they are failing to protect [Music] him as more and more anxiety Laden images pervade his psyche Peter seeks to defend himself against them with an obsessive compulsive ritual of [Music] handwashing in effect Peter is washing clean the anxiety-provoking images that arise from the unconscious to threaten him at length the images begin to lose their urgency and the anxiety subsides for now Peter is protected defended in the psychodynamic view then neuronic behavior is essentially defensive the result of excessive activation of mental defense mechanisms to the point that they interfere with the normal functions of Life many of us undergo brief inconsequential episodes of neurotic behavior and all of us even the least neurotic Among Us experience manifestations of repression rationalization and displacement intermittently in our lives they reduce anxiety but we pay a price for that service defense mechanisms also reduce [Music] pleasure a total absence of defense mechanisms is unimaginable but with self-awareness we can learn to recognize them limit their occurrences and lessen their constrictive effects on our existence in so doing we would would make ourselves more vulnerable to anxiety but we would also deepen and enhance the quality of Our Lives is the risk worth taking it is implicit in the psychodynamic view that often the risk is worth taking thanks everybody um for watching today even though we were pre-recorded uh as always you can support us by hitting the thumbs up or the like button those are great ways to tell the algorithms that drive our postliterate um automated Society uh that a Geeks deserves to live at least another day um another way you can support us is going to ko-fi.com avgeeks or patreon.com avgeeks there's a ways to buy us coffee or uh what's happening more recently is we're buying shelving we're buying uh things as we are moving films from our nasty basement at the archive to better conditions so that we can potentially renovate the basement and make it climate controlled and waterproof and all that stuff um that's more about that as it happens there seems to be bigger Powers at 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