AV Geeks Lunch 10-28-2020

uh all ages no single pace fits all at any age there should be accommodation for all yet in this country accommodation for individual differences ends at age 65. society makes that birthday a deadline the calendar is assumed to reduce overnight the capable to dependency the skilled and experienced to obsolescence automatically suddenly out of step off the beat expected to drop out no matter what they feel wish or have to offer but older americans in increasing numbers are resenting and resisting this stereotype of instant aging and dependency they can and are taking care of themselves they are demanding don't stop the music [Music] the needs of older people are not really much different from the needs of all human beings shelter food [Music] an income to live on a place a human place where what we represent the accumulated experience of many many years the expertise that we represent the kind of ability to survive and cope that we represent can be utilized we are presently devalued unused pushed aside away from every decision-making process that needs us i think we still by and large see old age as a problem and because we see it as a problem rather than a resource i think we're thinking about what we can give by way of a kind of a dole rather than adopting a posture of investing to make for a more productive enjoyable later life [Music] so the battle is joined enough of negative stereotypes it's time for a new image of older americans the elders of the tribe an image designed by reality rather than the calendar [Music] older americans in action active at tempos of their own choosing capable of diversity enjoying themselves and taking care of themselves as independently as possible determined to keep the music going [Applause] [Music] for some the pace is quiet slow but happy for others a faster beat that tennis player close up is 71 years old i live across the sea from lafayette playground and in the morning soon as i wake up i look outside to see if it is suitable day for tennis unless it's raining or snowing it's suitable i play during winter time we have come here clean the snow mopped and played it but there wouldn't be an ice so i really enjoy playing tennis because it gives you a mental rest and physical exercise when you're playing tennis you don't think about when you're gonna die or anything like that you just think how long you can enjoy your life i have the name and the telephone numbers are about 65 people most of them are retired and we get together late tennis in the morning and in the afternoon and in the evening i have some friends that they come here to play tennis he's 86 years old but every saturday and sunday he's here to play tennis and he enjoys the game i want to be in good health as long as possible and the main possible way of doing that is by being occupied with exercise and physical action how long you can enjoy your life there are barriers man-made and natural too little money and few chances to earn more because of arbitrary retirement and a false image of capabilities but they try they continue to work where possible and they look for work a few calls for cement block walls and brick walls fine i've built several little buildings around myself and others and laid the cement or manhattan for cement walks in the mountains of kentucky they eased their problems with the old skills music for fun and recreation mountain crafts for the money problem in olive hill we started working with crafts that are native to the area many of our people are very good craftsman so that we got together and started working after the meal on items and then since we found such a good local market we worked in with the craft store as soon as it started and now many of our people are selling items that they're making to supplement their income much of this goes for food other goes for clothing and shelter some to put heat into their home [Music] and in the city they pool years of marketing know-how for mutual benefit members of this michigan food cooperative search the ads for bargains market in bulk for a week package family supplies and deliver them savings are substantial friendships very real older people refuse to give in to major physical handicaps i was a weaver for the lighthouse for many years and i have a blind husband too and i have two sons and i i do a lot of knitting and that's it now now that i really could do something for someone else i love it because people help me why not help others and older people also meet emotional problems head-on along with all the others i knew it was up to me to do it because the doctors have been very good and so is the staff but i had to make that move and i think i've made it and i can truly say i've never been so happy and everyone has been just wonderful i say that from the bottom of my heart yeah and that's probably the good food we have you're wonderful and when i with the lake home oh i never have to cook anymore right the uh [Music] enjoying all their lives for many older americans this means not only taking care of themselves but also serving others of all ages as foster grandparents and as volunteers giving love and care to institutionalized children and to and handicapped persons in hospitals and homes do you need any dental work or was that taken care of when you're in service i might need older people draw on experience as red cross counselors to young veterans but now i've got to get your general medical report now when do you go to the general medical clinic no and as legal advocates for the poor monday have we helped you before others provide community service telling where help exists and helping people reach it i'll call you back to let you know who your driver is going to be older people help communities and organizations provide group meals combining food and friendship to end isolation others deliver a hot meal to the homebound for some of those served it is their only human contact of the day in many communities seniors make daily reassuring phone calls to persons living alone to check on their well-being and to send help if needed others make home delivery of medicines or just come by to turn on a light in the indian country of the southwest tribal members build new houses for reservation elderly and in the southern mountains skilled carpenters repair aged housing for their neighbors and enjoy the doing these activist older americans are of course the lucky ones the most outgoing most self-reliant and healthiest they've found or made opportunities against all sorts of odds yet with some community help often very little their numbers could go from few to many enjoying their lives and many many more older americans could find opportunities to serve others to bring about such change be far greater community awareness and involvement and new attitudes toward aging this is what the administration on aging of the department of health education and welfare is working for through its own programs and beyond as federal advocate for older americans because a lack of sensitivity toward the aging prevents adequate meeting of their needs or offering of opportunities everywhere change of attitude is needed in the health professions emphasizing early treatment preventive treatment and accessibility of services to enable older people to remain active and there must be therapy designed to restore them to activity never accepting the myth that once down an elderly patient must remain bed-bound and dependent well i found that one of the old things was very true old people are wise they've had years of experience nothing really is very new to them all some of the techniques and some of the methods of doing things might be new but not the essentials of life and that's what you're approaching people on because when you treat someone what you've got to do is have them want to do what you want them to do and old people are marvelous because if they make the commitment to come for treatment they've already made the commitment they want to get better there's there are no games being played they really want help they want to do what you want them to do if there's to be more action there must be better ways to get where the action is improve transportation is essential for the elderly and change of attitude must extend to older people themselves their self-image how they feel about themselves after years of being left out in trying to depict the plight of the aged i think they have created a negative stereotype of the agent which made aging look to the elderly themselves and to those who might one day become old as a a very desperate kind of period of life now i think that's not how the elderly really experience old age what the media have done is have taken the negative side of aging of the few people who are really experiencing these grave difficulties loneliness physical illness physical incapacities emotional disturbances and they have presented them in order to arouse sympathy for the aged the result has been quite the opposite i feel that there's a lot of the potentials and well not potentials but actual knowledge being wasted because uh and just because the person lives longer and and a few more years passes doesn't mean that they're they're uh that everyone's brain has slowed down a slowed down yes there are problems with old age i think there's no question that that some of these are perfectly correct but by focusing only on the difficulties only on the problems a an utter distortion of aging has been produced and i think this is a great injustice that is being done to the elderly perhaps most important of all in this do-it-yourself nation is political action at the local level i do feel that older people can be encouraged to participate actively at the precinct level and the party level whatever that might be i think increasingly responsible government at cities county state and federal level has to make sure and try to convince not only older people but all people that government is responsive because many older people as they see decision making politically moving away from them they give up and political social action nationally as typified by the wonderfully named grey panthers their primary goal is to eliminate ageism to stamp out age discrimination the great panthers organized in new york uh in april 1970. there were six of us three of us had retired and three of us were not yet retired but going to retire and uh together we're building a new base of power uh that will that we think has real political clout i think it i think this uh is a reflection of a new mood in america today it's not just the grey panthers the grey panthers are a manifestation of it political clout for tomorrow a new mood in america choices many temples many options welcome as contributing citizens with parts to play a community needs all its people its variety experience skills wisdom its roots its pioneers and elders the lucky community uses them and keeps the music going so so [Music] fascinating film hi i'm skip alzheimer welcome to the av geeks lunchtime streaming show this is our 200th and 9th 10th geez 210th show so we've been doing this since mid-march and showing films from our collection of over thirty thousand uh 16 millimeter educational films and that one it talks about the value of seniors um and who would that have been shown to well certainly to seniors um and senior groups but also to community uh boards uh city councils places to where um they'd be asking for money or like potential grant opportunities um to say like hey here's you know we have this whole population of people who um you know they just sit at home and you can certainly give them a better life than than what they currently have if you give them money so they can do a field trip or they can do you know an activity at the community center things like that and also you can show it to uh adults whose parents are in that situation um but it's it's interesting to me because as i get older um i i think about what does retirement mean for me um and the fact that i am self-employed and i probably won't retire uh in some regard um but also the relevancy of what i do and who i am that that tends to be more of an interesting thing it's one thing to save these films and to digitize them and show them to you but how do we make them relevant so that the gen zers care um thankfully my nephew he's uh he's got his finger on the pulse because he is a gen zer and um i often times nudge him or poke him and prod him uh to either work with me or to show him films um you know my dream is that one day he will take on the baton but you know he's young he's 19 who knows who knows what the world's going to hold for him all right um speaking of the world uh this next film is uh controlling atomic energy and this you might see some footage that was repeated in the um that christopher's film about um atomic energy being a blessing from god um so here's controlling atomic energy [Music] the youngster working on the nuclear power station is my friend larry he wants to be a scientist someday i'm dr woodley i'm a scientist i like hurry and answer his questions about atomic energy i teach summer youngsters on scientific subjects i was writing a book on atoms and the particles of matter the last time i spoke to larry now larry was this science book on controlling the atom well larry what do you remember from our talk the other day i know that everything around us that we see and touch is made up of billions of tiny invisible particles called atoms atoms are so small that lined up end to end would only inch and the atom is made up of still smaller parts there are neutrons and protons in the nucleus and electrons which whirl around the nucleus in various orbits but each atom is mostly empty space very good larry want to know about your new book dr woodley what are radioactive atoms well scientists once believed that atoms of elements never change later they discovered they were mistaken we know that certain elements do change they are naturally radioactive this means that they give off a stream of energy in the form of powerful rays or particles shot out like bullets at tremendous speed radium is one element that is naturally radioactive radioactive atoms eventually lose their power change into different elements during a period ranging from a fraction of a second to 10 billion years depending on the element can scientists measure this radioactivity yes larry they can let me show you with my watch scientists use geiger counters to detect radiation the geiger counter measures the number of particles given off by the radium on the face of the watch you can't smell them taste them or actually see them but you can hear their effect [Applause] working with strongly radioactive materials can be dangerous it requires very special arrangements this is a glove box here scientists are protected by thick windows and walls machines using radioactive materials are heavily shielded with lead and concrete in addition to radium there are other naturally radioactive elements such as uranium uranium is the most complex atom found in nature the most common type of uranium is uranium-238 with 92 electrons 92 protons and 146 neutrons scientists experimented to learn what would happen if they fired a neutron bullet at the nucleus of the uranium atom what they discovered helped them develop a method of freeing and controlling some of the tremendous energy locked in the atomic nucleus this power atomic energy has many uses to make a better world for all mankind think of it larry the energy packed in a piece of uranium the size of this marble could drive hundreds of locomotives traveling at more than a mile a minute for more than an hour scientists release some of this energy through a process called nuclear fission a high-speed neutron strikes a uranium nucleus the nucleus splits apart violently a tremendous amount of energy is released in the form of heat and radiation extra neutrons are given off and they serve as bullets which in turn strike other nuclei and split them too the process is repeated in a fraction of a second billions of atoms are split in an explosive chain reaction releasing enormous energy an atomic bomb burst is a chain reaction out of control creating millions of degrees of heat in only 10 millionth of a second but a chain reaction can be controlled the tremendous energy from the atom can be harnessed for man to use this is done in nuclear reactors sometime known as an atomic pile where a special type of uranium uranium-235 supplies the neutrons for the control chain reaction one type of atomic pile consists of a large cube of graphite with uranium rods inserted into holes in the graphite the uranium serves as a fuel supplying the neutrons the control chain reaction produces heat and radiation if the uranium neutrons in a reactor were allowed to speed around naturally they would be too fast to hit enough uranium nuclei there would be no chain reaction but a moderator like water or graphite slows the neutrons and encourages the chain reaction the chain reaction in the reactor is under full control at all times if the reaction is too strong control rods which absorb neutrons move in to slow down the reaction in this way nuclear fission can be speeded up or slowed down at man's will nuclear reactors come in various types here you see what are called tank types this is a uranium graphite pile this reactor uses water as a moderator it's called a pool type reactor i explained to larry that a reactor cannot explode like a bomb then we discussed how the power from a reactor can be used in a nuclear power plant for example electricity can be produced the heat is generated in the core where the atomic fuel is located it passes to a heat exchanger to make steam the steam drives a turbo generator for the production of electricity the source of heat is the only difference from a conventional power plant a little bit of atomic fuel can do the work of thousands of tons of coal or tremendous quantities of oil this new source of energy will help us save coal for other important uses electricity is already produced in nuclear power stations all over the country scientists are working to learn ways to make the cost of electricity the same price or lower than electricity from coal burning plants in a submarine reactor heat can drive a turbine to spin the propeller atomic submarines can travel long distances without refueling the famed nautilus went under the north pole and the triton went around the world completely submerged the nuclear ship savannah is the pioneer of the atomic powered merchant fleet of the future more cargo carried much faster nuclear reactors have other vital uses substances not normally radioactive can be made radioactive in a reactor we call these new radioactive materials radio isotopes they play a big part in our world they are used by doctors to diagnose and treat disease they are used to sterilize food and drugs and in research to improve the growth of plants and animals radio isotopes make possible gauges which measure the thickness of material automatically oil flow can be traced in pipelines wells are checked for strength quickly and efficiently all adding up to better products and healthier life for all of us that's what will be in the book larry all that plus the idea we are only in the beginning young people will grow up to see the radioactive atom put to uses that have not yet been thought of hooray atomic energy we love it um i think i just saw recently that solar energy is now considered to be the cheapest form of energy duh uh anyways um somebody told me in the comments that uh today is national chocolate day like we need a day to celebrate chocolate um and so i uh i showed back in march uh great american chocolate factory which was a 80s version of kind of a promotional film for hershey well i have an earlier version of that film that was probably made in the late 70s it might have been in the early 80s too but at some point they revised it but um i figured i might as well show it it's long but it's great and for the main reason it has beautiful assembly line footage in it um and also it shows you what a pain in the butt it is made chocolate it's like wow how did somebody figure this out like the whole process of how you get the bean harvested and then you know what you do to the bean and this whole thing is just nuts so um yeah let's watch great american chocolate factory it's uh it's one of my favorite films uh as far as that chocolate manufacturing process and i have three and this is real good the the updated one is more about how computers are helping so that i think that's why they updated it is that they were like oh look we have this manufacturing process and and i should say the other thing about this is that this was distributed in schools in pennsylvania and this is like a factory tour and one of the things that i lament is the loss of factory tours even uh pre-covered factory tours were an opportunity to see how stuff was made and it was also an opportunity at least with food manufacturers to show the cleanliness and the hygiene associated with the products that they were making and so my wife and i whenever we would have a chance we would go on factory tours actually i've been going to factory church for a long time um and it was i was sad to see like when i was in minneapolis i wanted to go to um is it general mills is there i wanted to go on their factory tour to see how all the cereals made but they were they were like well we stopped doing that in the 80s um and i i think one of my favorite factory tours besides going on to the olympia brewery which was really great because they you know you got to drink beer uh was the jelly belly factory and i went to two separate jelly belly factories one in wisconsin that tour wasn't so good one in california which is just north of san francisco is awesome it's really awesome and uh if you have not gone uh postcoded go for it because it is you basically are on this uh scaffolding above the whole process and it's really fascinating it's really really good so here's great american chocolate factory uh chocolate story and enjoy the world is full of exotic flavors so many wonderful flavors different cultures have different tastes and different favorites [Music] it's no wonder that hershey pennsylvania is known as chocolate town usa but what is it about this area right in the middle of some of pennsylvania's richest farmland that made it so attractive a location as the chocolate capital of the world one answer is milk milk is one of the prime ingredients needed to make quality milk chocolate products and milton hershey chose this area because of its reputation for having a large number of highly productive dairy farms it's obvious today that the choice was a wise one every day the hershey chocolate factory alone uses nearly a million pounds of milk but any true chocolate lover knows that milk is just one of the many ingredients that make chocolate the favorite that it is in fact the making of chocolate involves many flavors that come from many parts of the world blending these flavors together to create the taste that america loves is a great american chocolate story [Music] the world of chocolate begins in the cocoa tree growing regions of the earth that narrow band of tropical countries that lie along the equator ivory coast in africa is the largest supplier of cocoa followed by other major producers like ghana nigeria and brazil but there are a host of smaller producers as well cameroon dominican republic ecuador malaysia new guinea among many others [Music] one land where the age-old methods of growing cocoa are being improved through modern agribusiness techniques is the country of belize belize is a small central american country that lies southeast of mexico and east of guatemala although belize's cocoa growing industry is just now being developed the belizean heritage includes a long and close association with the cocoa bean this is the site of altun ha remnants of a ceremonial plaza built by mayan indians who inhabited this area of belize from 200 bc until the 14th century among the many gods the ancient mayans worshiped was one they credited with the wonderful gift of the cocoa bean from which a delicious drink could be made even today the scientific name for the fruit of the cocoa tree is theobroma cacao which means cocoa food of the gods [Music] there are still belizeans who continue growing cocoa in the tradition of their ancestors to whom the beans were so valuable they were used in trade as we use money today as always the mixture of sun and shea is crucial to good harvest and so young trees are planted within small cleared patches of the jungle there to be protected by the dappled shade of taller trees this is one of nature's most unusually adorned creations because the growth cycle is continuous a tree may simultaneously bear colorful leaves blossoms and pods of many different sizes the blossoms are small and odorless may be either pink or white and grow directly from the trunk each year a mature tree may produce as many as 6 000 of these tiny flowers though no more than 30 or 40 of them will develop into usable fruit by the time they're ready for harvest the cocoa pods will have grown to a length of six to ten inches cutting and gathering ripened pods in the heat of the jungle is sweltering work and an occasional break is welcome depending on its size a pod may yield 20 to 50 beans and though raw beans themselves at this stage are not good to eat the pulp and juices that surround them offer a pleasant and refreshing taste somewhere between that of banana and mango in order to help local farmers grow cocoa more profitably and on a larger scale hershey has established an experimental farm in belize where more sophisticated growing methods are being introduced improved varieties of cocoa trees are planted in straight rows for maximum harvest productivity and other cultivation techniques such as controlled irrigation are studied in special test areas we have quite a bit of insect damage and fungus appearing on these plants and i would like you to at the experimental farms nursery the focus is on the development of improved hybrid cocoa seedlings you're cutting insects and productivity seven and information is shared on the newest treatments for problems that young trees may encounter well um this morning a spring was done the farm also includes a testing facility and lab where ongoing studies analyze the results of farming experiments such as the effects of irrigation on cocoa bean size since the cocoa tree growth cycle is continuous there are always ripe pods to be harvested they are cut to the ground by machete gathered by hand and placed by the side of the road until they are picked up to be trucked to the processing plant although in most cocoa producing countries machetes are also used to open the ponds and harvest the beans in this cocoa processing plant the job is done more efficiently with the aid of machinery [Music] the mechanism is uncomplicated a combination of gears blades conveyors and drums that perform the job of opening pods and extracting beams and at the end of the line a team of workers catches those few beans clinging to the pods and missed by the machine [Music] almost immediately the beans begin to darken with exposure to the air [Music] the beans are boxed covered with leaves and monitored as a natural fermentation process helps develop the cocoa bean flavor over the next five days [Music] before the beans are bagged and shipped to fort they are dried for three days in heated bins and sifted to remove foreign matter and debris by this point the cocoa beans have lost nearly all of their moisture and nearly half of their weight [Music] finally they are ready for shipment [Music] belize is a producer of another major ingredient for chocolate making sugar sugar is grown in numerous countries including the united states although both cane and beet sugar can be used in the making of chocolate all the sugar production of belize is from sugar cane and though some aspects of sugarcane refining have been modernized basic rituals and processes remain the same it begins with the cutting of cane in fields that have been cleared of brush by burning and it will end at the mill with mounds of raw sugar drawn from the cane's sweet juices [Music] [Music] both the sugar and cocoa must be shipped great distances to be used in the chocolate making process first destination for the raw sugar will be a u.s refinery where it will be converted to the familiar white crystals used by chocolate makers the modern method of cocoa bean transport is containerization in which trailers are loaded at dockside and lifted as fully packed units onto the ship the world of chocolate is often enhanced by the added flavors of peanuts and almonds for american chocolate making peanuts are secured from the southern part of the u.s while almond production originates in the valleys of california almond trees thrive here because the winter fogs protect them from temperature extremes during their dormant season rainfall is sparse and orchards must be irrigated regularly by late summer the trees are heavy with maturing nuts each encased in a shell and surrounded by a thick hull which splits open as harvest time approaches the most efficient way to harvest the almonds is by shaking them right out of the tree [Music] after drying on the ground for a few days the almonds will be picked up by other harvesting machinery and their hulls will be mechanically removed then the nuts are taken to the receiving and storage center for further processing after unloading the nut meats will be gently separated from their shells and a series of sorting and inspecting operations prepare the almonds for bulk shipment to customers like hershey the largest single user of almonds in america the growing conditions under which peanuts thrive are found in our southern states georgia is the best known plenty of sunshine moderate rainfall and well-drained sandy soil all help the peanut plant to produce its nut-bearing pods or shells which grow underground at harvest time digging plows slice through the main root of each plant below the soil level and the plants with the pods attached are overturned and left to dry in the sun [Music] later the pods will be removed from the dried plants by machine and transported to a processing plant for cleaning grading and shelling while nuts sugar and cocoa beans make their way to hershey from far flung sources the pure fresh milk so essential to milk chocolate production begins its much shorter journey from farm to factory as stainless steel tank trucks arrive for the scheduled pickup the company maintains a staff of field representatives to inspect each farm on a regular basis and the milk haulers conduct a series of quality checks too every time a mill caller visits a farm he takes what's called a universal sample which will go to the lab for testing as each truck arrives at the factory receiving station another universal sample is taken all samples are brought immediately to the milk receiving laboratory here tests for bacteria count antibiotics and butter fat content are among the many conducted in a tightly controlled quality assurance program carloads of cocoa beans arrive at the factory throughout the year from more than a dozen different countries and because each region produces a bean with its own distinctive flavor each country's beans must be handled and stored separately until they're needed the quantities involved are enormous the beans are delivered automatically from the rail siding to the top of the storage silo complex which has a total capacity of 90 million pounds arranging for a steady supply of basic ingredients like cocoa beans and sugar from around the world is a complex process one that begins in hershey's own commodities trading room here experts are in direct communication with the new york and london exchanges where the commodities of cocoa and sugar are traded by following world market price fluctuations closely agreements to buy and sell quantities of cocoa and sugar are made sometimes more than a year in advance assuring adequate supplies of these raw materials what's sterling doing this morning tony uh we've got pretty much a cent range between 140 200 and 143 just as planning for raw materials has become a special area of expertise the technology of chocolate making has grown so rapidly become so extensive that the company devotes much time and effort to it today the corporate technical center houses engineering research and development services for all segments of hershey's business with ready access to extensive information on chocolate and cocoa technology the technical center staff works to improve existing products and develop new ones using sophisticated equipment and techniques samples can be broken down and their components identified and analyzed a research project may require the measurement of nutrients in a food or a series of microbiological studies new robotic systems are being developed to assist in testing procedures [Music] also the packaging of products is studied and improved for optimum durability and protection [Music] the technical center engineering section gets involved when a plan requires the design of new equipment or processes and new product ideas can be tested and evaluated in a fully equipped pilot plant [Music] the best way to judge the flavor of chocolate products is by tasting them these trained taste panel members carefully evaluate and compare new product recipes being considered for manufacture six major notes are shown with the intensities that we perceived yesterday let's taste it again taste panels are also responsible for monitoring product ingredients identifying and charting subtle differences in flavor and fragrance while helping to maintain the distinctive hershey taste in all finished products [Music] hershey's kitchens are more than kitchens they're food laboratories where home economists experiment with a wide range of recipes for chocolate and chocolate products making use of all the flavor the cocoa bean has to offer is as much a science as it is an art the art actually begins in the factory itself cocoa beans enter the production line through an elaborate cleaning and sorting machine that removes any foreign matter then they're routed by conveyor belt to a storage tank which supplies the blending department sometimes the beans are blended before roasting and proportions for specific recipes are programmed into the automatic blending machines [Music] each station introduces one type of bean to the continuous flow blending process [Music] precise quantities are measured in pounds per minute the blended beans then travel to huge ovens where they are dry roasted at temperatures over 400 degrees fahrenheit this roasting develops the flavor and aroma of the beans then in another completely enclosed process the shell of the bean is removed and the inner meat is broken into fragments called nibs the roasted nibs will be put through a milling process which converts them to a free-flowing liquid traditionally this has been called chocolate liquor although it has no alcoholic content all chocolate products made in the factory begin with this liquor which is rich in cocoa butter and liquors made from different types of beans can be blended automatically from a central control room then sent on to the various production areas when cocoa products are being made giant presses squeeze most of the cocoa butter out of the liquor the butter is drained away and will be used in the making of milk chocolate the dry cake that remains after the butter is squeezed out is pure cocoa [Music] the cake goes through several grinding and refining processes on its way to becoming packaged cocoa and samples are collected for the quality assurance laboratory in another section of the factory whole milk is being condensed for use in the chocolate making process when almost all of the water content has been removed and the milk has reached the consistency of taffy chocolate liquor and sugar are added and the mixture looks good enough to eat however many more steps lie ahead the mixture gets drier and drier until it becomes a coarse powder called [Music] the blending and mixing of crumb are computer controlled and from this console additional cocoa butter is introduced to make the finished chocolate richer in flavor creamier in texture the flow of ingredients is now directed to one of many coaching machines the name conch began years ago when the vats were shaped like the seashell today the name remains but there are a variety of shapes and sizes in use as the crumb is fed by conveyor to this rotary action conch additional cocoa butter is piped in to enrich the formula with constant stirring and low heat this rotary action is preferred for some types of chocolate while other chocolates benefit most from longitudinal conching techniques [Music] in this process large granite rollers go back and forth rubbing the mixture now called chocolate paste over a corrugated granite base during its trip through the cotch this thick coarse mixture is transformed within 72 hours to a rich mellow consistency with flavor to match [Music] but one step remains before it's ready for cooling and packaging in the refining process massive steel rollers reduce the particle size of the blended ingredients making a fine paste even finer really velvety smooth in texture while the chocolate paste is being refined the peanuts and almonds required for some products are prepared for roasting after cleaning peanuts must pass inspection by an electronic sorting machine almonds are given an equally rigorous inspection as they are cleaned prior to roasting in one of the most aromatic departments of the factory peanuts and almonds are roasted in stainless steel ovens this automated process develops and enhances the natural nut flavor creating a taste that blends especially well with milk chocolate as the nuts are conveyed to many different departments the refined milk chocolate paste is cooled to a working temperature at the molding machine [Music] if an almond bar is being molded the nuts are deposited in the molds before the chocolate is added and the shake of the mold distributes the nuts evenly the molds then pass under two chocolate depositors each filling alternate rows of molds automatically [Music] the molds for all bars with and without nuts travel on an endless belt toward the cooling tunnel the molded chocolate is vibrated and cooled as it passes through the tunnel this helps to assure a solid well-formed bar at the end of the tunnel finished milk chocolate bars emerge and move toward the automatic packaging equipment [Music] of course not all chocolate is molded this unique shape is achieved by ejecting or dropping chocolate onto a moving belt [Music] [Music] all chocolate products have a journey to make before they'll be eaten and all are carefully wrapped and packaged in order to be delivered fresh to chocolate lovers everywhere [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Music] [Music] [Applause] by the time each product has reached the packaging stage its ingredients have been tested analyzed and scrutinized every step of the way the experts in hershey's quality assurance laboratories help those in production to maintain the highest standards to assure that consumers get the quality and quantity they expect only when the final test has been made and the final approval given do the cartons of chocolate products leave the factory on their way to distribution an international cycle is being completed raw materials drawn from many parts of the globe have been transformed by hershey into delicious chocolate products which now flow out into the marketplace chocolate it's a story of raw materials from far off exotic places of agricultural study and improvement of large-scale long-distance shipping requirements it's a story that blends ingredients in a highly sophisticated manufacturing process one that draws on the richness of tradition and the advances of technology but mostly it's a story that begins with the cocoa bean and leads to the flavor america loves best [Music] [Applause] so that film was not from 1986 and the one i showed back in march i think was 1977. i i don't know it's possible i might have actually shown the same film twice but oh my god that assembly line footage is so great i love it so much um i haven't had a chance to show you a 16 millimeter film um so i want to do that but thank you amy for coffee you can buy coffee here um coffee of course is the other aspect of the magic bean um i did a show called magic beans and i showed films about chocolate and i showed films about uh coffee because they're both magical and they're both i think actually threatened by climate change because those environments are threatened and um some of the plants are being threatened uh because of various diseases and molds and etc anyways uh yeah so this is a public service announcement uh to remind people to vote um early voting ends on the 31st here in north carolina but it's different in different states so please early vote [Music] may i ask you who you intend to vote for in the governor's race in the governor's race from lunch and why did you uh he's been in for jc functions and he spoke to us and like him the governor's right in the government and why what make you make that decision i don't think he's the best i'll probably kiss baron and what were the issues that made you decide for mr bond oh i don't know just i'm republican so i generally tend this way that way i think he's uh honest well i am a man exactly what are going to be the issues that will send you one way or the other well this is going to be democratic i i don't know i don't really know who's running i haven't been following him uh would you favor at this point mr bond or mr dowd um dowd is the democrat yes yes i guess i'd favor a doubt i'm a democrat and what made you decide for mr bond you've probably heard a great deal about political polls but this may be the first time you've had the opportunity to see one in the making we're trying to discover what those factors are which influence a voting decision we know there are rock-ribbed republicans and died in the wool democrats for them it is party affiliation that most influences their voting decision my family's always voted democrat straight democratic ticket all the way i intend to vote for kipp there are still others for whom only the issues matter i think he comes across as a very honest man and i even though i'm a democrat i think that the democrats ought to be out there and we also know there are millions many millions who aren't anything much politically they're too busy they're pulled in too many directions they're interested in too many things it is this person that we're interested in we want to determine the factors which influence his voting decision [Music] a political campaign is a pressure situation and not just for the candidates voters too are subject to pressures and sometimes cross pressures i don't know why they can't figure out something young and old black and white don't know why they can't figure out some way to make it what should be a simple procedure work properly this time it was number nine way of selecting people state government began in 1968 i've got to go back again now and stay thursday night i'm supposed to at least george asked me to go down the line people tend to tune out an opposition candidate and in that respect our voter is typical if you're going to work for the democrats there's your opponent on tv right now ooh get behind why are you so interested in the in the in the election oh i'm gonna vote what do you mean you're gonna vote you're not 18. i will be by the time the election it comes around you know but you're not registered i am too they told us in government class the other day that if as long as we were going to be 18 before the election we could go and register so i went down and got my voter registration card the other day the voter's son is the one who is not running quite true to form for the son to be interested in the face of family disinterest is unusual for him to be interested in a republican but this is only september [Music] as the campaign picks up tempo as the candidates attempt to get their bandwagons rolling the pressures of professional politicking are added to whatever cross pressures may be building up within a family and if a young attractive candidate and the voter's own son tend to pull in one direction good morning there are always others to pull in a different direction i ran for governor in a crowded democratic primary on the fame a fresh start from missouri on the theme that there were things wrong in jefferson city things that must be corrected i campaigned in that primary without any substantial organizational support from one end of the state of missouri to the other and our closest opponent was some 130 000 votes behind us the people of missouri were listening hey bill hey george hey what are you running for hey he's the man gonna be our next governor right yeah okay matter of fact in this election we really got our work cut out for it yeah how come well the 18 year old vote you know those kids get to vote this time for the first time oh yeah not that they know anything about the issues i mean what do kids know about tax reform they never pay any taxes listen my son mike's been working on me all month he knows plenty tell you one thing though those kids are going to vote for bond you know that how come because with his baby's face they're going to think he's one of them yeah maybe some well you know it that's the reason i'm going to count on you this year to be a precinct leader or at least for some more extra funds right yeah i have i've got things to do the union is already endorsed no i'm going to count on you i'll see you right okay come on oh man all of this political action stuff say dad there's going to be a political debate tonight over one of the high schools between both the candidates i think we ought to go i don't [Applause] i think that we must maintain our local control over local schools at the same time that we continue to increase the amounts of state assistance available and i would hope that we could hold a lid on property taxes so that those taxes go no higher [Applause] mr dowd your answer to the same question please in 1968 when i was a candidate for lieutenant governor in the state of missouri i advocated that the state government increased its share of financial assistance to the public schools from the then formula of 33 percent to 50 percent that still has not been attained it has since been dowd knows what ought to be done in jeff city he'd do it too [Applause] oh that bond is a good looking guy isn't he well i hope you don't vote for him because he's good looking well no not necessarily but oh mom by the way i'm gonna be home late for dinner tomorrow um my government class asked if we could get a little more involved in the campaign so some fellows in my class asked me if i'd go down to get bond headquarters and help them stuff some pamphlets and brochures and stuff for the campaign sounds fine you are getting involved uh how about a piece of paper oh again you know sally down the street is going to have a coffee for mrs dowd and some of the other uh candidates-wise i think i'll go maybe i'll get a little more involved this year myself sounds good say what is it campaign headquarters no i'm trying to get around to more of these uh coffees and meetings this year we have an 18 year old and he's voting this year and he's terribly interested so i feel i better be better informed too when he's talking about things well this is true about the 18 year olds they won't take platitudes for an answer they want something real old loyalties may come under pressure if an issue of particular personal importance arises letter from the union huh i guess so well george has been doing his job that's who we're going to vote for this year do you really feel obligated to vote for these people well i always have besides dowd is a friend of labor and he advocates tax reform bond says the same thing he just makes it sound better and look better well i'll buy that well at least old ed has got experience and i go with experience do you feel just because your union endorses somebody that you've got to vote for them too your big mouth you deal with that i don't know if it's going to cost us more for your college tuition or for the premiums on the car insurance since you started driving well if you vote for kit bond you wouldn't have to pay so much for car insurance he was at school the other day and he said he advocated no fault insurance i think that the example and the prospects that we have seen in other states such as massachusetts where there has been a reduction in premiums and a rebate of premiums paid to automobile owners and insurance policy holders indicates that this is a great opportunity i favor a modified no-fault insurance plan [Music] how are you sir good to see you from soon after the primaries in august the pressures and cross pressures have been built [Music] as the campaign moves into september the candidates do everything possible to keep things hot and they will keep right on with their blistering face through october reality of what happens when you use drugs this educational effort cannot cease i've participated in these education so it's going to be pretty cool tonight at practice huh you bet listen can you get a ride home uh after practice tonight yeah i guess one of the other guys to add some take me home i've got to go down to union headquarters george collins asked me to go down and help work for the or the party they need to raise money holy cow look at that look at that sign yeah if he could what does he need money for if he can put up signs that big i don't know [Music] as election day the faithful tuesday nears the intensity of the campaign increases candidates are well aware that voters are susceptible to pressure and they are not adverse to applying although sometimes with some voters the pressure is to no avail [Music] hey do you read this that's a good idea yeah you see this can't see star staring doors kit bond over down missouri governor well so what the stars are rich man's newspaper listen to this headline bill dowd out in front in st louis poll oh but it goes on to say that they don't think that's a big enough margin for him to win the election we've got kip bond and ed dowd right on top all those other national contests and time magazine bond doubt hmm well i could live with either one either one of them hi mike where you been oh hi i just cast my first vote dad oh good that's what we're headed well i won't see any good i already canceled your vote don't be so sure we'll see you well i don't know i gave you a lot of static about the good looks early but he's pretty impressive guy [Music] this is it the moment toward which all the pressures and counter pressures have been directed how do you think he will vote turn the projector off now and take as much time as you like to discuss how you think he will vote and why you think so hey bill hi george hey you've kind of been on the fence in this election haven't you yeah as much as i kept plugging down to you i could tell you still hadn't made up your mind well i hey uh it's all over now you mind telling me how you voted yeah george i wouldn't mind see that uh ballad i cast in there was secret and uh whoever i voted for and for whatever reasons it was a right vote for me nobody else okay shirana okay bye made some early returns in now on that race between bond and doubt done well there's some of your first returns already dad still nothing for the rest of us like yeah our computer in the studios of channel 4 has predicted that the governor next governor of the state of missouri will be christopher bob well i didn't have any doubts all the way along you were pretty confident sure well he made a prediction that he's going to win by a landslide they predicted truman would lose by a landslide too bond has taken a commanding 110 000 vote lead at age 33 he will become the youngest uh governor in uh in the nation oh boy so bond christopher kitt bond has triumphed over edward doug the influences brought to bear by men and money by time and effort and by issues and personalities have had their effect we promised to make a change in state government all the pressures and cross pressures have contributed to the selection of a leader in the american way the way which helps the voter decide [Music] it's kind of fascinating to look at something back in from 72 wow uh back when the 18 year olds it was the first time they could vote um yeah so anyways vote don't tell me who you're voting for um you can guess who i'm voting for i'm pretty liberal um probably socialist by most definitions but don't you know you vote who for whoever you vote for with your conscience so uh thanks everybody for uh joining us tomorrow will be our 900th film 900 films um since mid-march so join us for that that'll be our first film tomorrow everybody have a great rest of the day please rewind and love each other and we will see you soon take care eight seven six five four three eight seven six four three eight seven six five four three seven six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six five five