AV Geeks Lunch 10-2-2020

four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six commercial air travel is old enough to have a history yet imagine just 41 years ago henry ford introduced the first all-metal aircraft his tri-motor capable of cruising with 14 passengers at a breathtaking 100 miles an hour by the early 1930s the curtis condor last of the biplane era was making scheduled transcontinental runs stewardesses had already learned to smile away the discomforts of cramped legs and tired bodies after world war ii four engine airliners dominated the skies lifting up to 100 passengers across continents and oceans now hardly two decades later the luxury of jet travel puts paris only a coffee break from london and san francisco but dinner and a full-length color feature from new york the next chapter in the brief history of commercial flight will be the new supersonic transport our story today on science reporter [Music] hello i'm john fitch mit science reporter today we're at nasa's ames research center near san francisco california to learn about the next generation of commercial aircraft the supersonic transport twenty years ago knowledgeable men were seriously wondering whether man could ever fly faster than the speed of sound debate ceased abruptly on october 17 1947 when captain charles yeager piloted his research craft the x1 through the sound barrier thus marking the beginning of a new epoch in powered flight today manned supersonic flight is commonplace military aircraft such as the versatile f-111 the giant b-58 or the mysterious yf-12a to name only a few normally cruise at speeds well over the speed of sound and the experimental x-15 has briefly pushed even beyond the 4 000 mile an hour mark but military and experimental design objectives are basically simpler than commercial objectives performance and mission accomplishment are their key yardsticks cost is secondary commercial airlines on the other hand naturally look first to questions of operating efficiency and cost a supersonic transport must cost no more to operate per passenger mile than do today's subsonic jets a transport must be durable able to withstand continuous use for up to 15 years and it cannot itself cost too much nor can it require major alterations in existing airport facilities another factor of concern the sft planner is the sonic boom population near airports and armed flight paths are certain to protest a constant bombardment by shock waves the british and the french were the first to commit themselves publicly to building a commercial supersonic transport the jointly developed concord the concord scheduled to begin test flying in about two and a half years and be in service by early 1971 is a fixed delta wing craft designed to fly with passengers at speed somewhat over mach 2 twice the speed of sound or roughly 1400 miles per hour it has long been known that russia also plans to develop an sst and this model unveiled at the 1965 paris air show provided westerners with their first official glimpse of the soviet tu-144 in 1963 president kennedy announced that america would leapfrog the competition and develop her own larger faster sst designed to carry 200 passengers at three times the speed of sound many tried methods of aircraft construction have had to be scrapped for the american sst in the first place aluminum which is what most planes including the concorde are made of won't stand the heat created by friction with the air at speeds much over mach 2. a sustained 630 degrees fahrenheit is routine for a plane cruising at mach 3. so hot you could grill a side of beef on the leading edge of the wing to meet the us goals aluminum had to be replaced by a totally new structural material finally a lightweight titanium alloy with a melting point of 3000 degrees fahrenheit was selected having picked their material engineers then could concentrate on a second major problem aerodynamic design wind tunnel tests like this show that aircraft traveling faster than sound run into two types of drag in addition to the normal drag of air flow over its surfaces the plane compresses walls of dead air shock waves in front of its surfaces these shock waves can be observed and studied through a special optical system in supersonic wind tunnels such as this one engineers have found that a sleek and piercing design is most efficient the fuselage must be long and pointed the wings must be swept and flat like cutting edges finally designers had to cope with a third major component of aircraft design the engine a new breed of jet engine had to be developed that would push out a little air at extremely high velocities rather than a lot of air at lower velocities using the basic research information from nasa's ames and langley research centers two aircraft companies undertook the design of an sst these radically different looking aircraft are the results of their work here in ames 40 by 80 foot subsonic wind tunnel the biggest in the world large scale models of these two configurations are being tested for their aerodynamic characteristics at slow speeds to learn more about these ssts we talked to mr mark kelly chief of aims large-scale aerodynamics branch these airplanes are designed to cruise at nearly 2000 miles an hour which is more than three times as fast as our current subsonic jet transports how's that going to affect the time say to go from new york to los angeles well you should be able to get from new york to los angeles in less than two hours that's less than the time difference between the two cities you could actually land before you take off according to the clock that's right how many people will ride in one of these between 200 and 250 depending on the mix between tourist and first class i said we still have a three and three and two and two yeah 200 to 250 people uh means this is going to be a big plane as well as a fast one that's right it will weigh about 500 000 pounds compared to our heaviest present jets are around 325 000 pounds how long will it be about 270 feet nearly as long as a football field our present jets are about 150 feet long well since this is a supersonic airplane why is it that you're testing it here in um in the subsonic wind tunnel well this is because no one wants to land at supersonic speeds and in fact the landing and takeoff requirements for the supersonic transport are quite stringent it must have comparable safety the same as the super as the subsonic jets and actually is required to make less noise than the subsonic jets specifically our design objectives are to be capable of taking off out of a 10 500 foot runway on a hot day with an engine failed really and the maximum takeoff speed is to be limited to 160 knots maximum approach speed is limited to 135 these conditions represent a pretty uh significant design problem for the supersonic transport how are you planning to solve these problems well i can show this best by looking at the models that we have of the two different approaches to the supersonic transport well this is a one-fifth scale model of the boeing supersonic transport design the pilots would sit up in this area during landing and takeoff operations the forward portion of the nose is moved downward to improve uh visibility during the landing and takeoff for crews it's up in position as shown here and the pilots see out of these side windows now the big feature of this airplane of course is the variable sweep wing which we can show back here this is the same principle that is used on the tfx fighter oh i see now the wing is shown here in its swept back position for supersonic crews this is approximately 70 degrees of sweep of the leading edge there is a pivot in the wing in this general area which allows us to unsweep the wing to approximately 20 degrees of sweep for landing and takeoff operations this allows us to generate the high lifts required to slow the airplane down we can show you the the wing configuration for landing and take off on the other side this is the way the wing looks during landing and takeoff operations you'll notice in addition to having the wing unswept we have put leading edge slats on the forward portion of the wing the purpose of the slats is to maintain a uniform flow over the upper surface of the wing we also have trailing edge flaps on the aft portion and these deflect the air downwards over the aft portion wing to generate as much lift as possible now why is it that you want all this extra lift during landing and takeoff this lift is required in order to meet the contract objectives of maintaining the takeoff distance less than 10 500 feet and maintaining the takeoff speed less than 160 knots and we want to do this with a smaller wing as possible well you mentioned a third objective that is uh not to have a noise be any louder than with ordinary planes this is correct and one way this is accomplished is uh through the use of larger engines which we see here on this design these engines have over two and a half times the thrust of the subsonic jets the airplane therefore can climb at much higher angles and will be further away from the community this reduces the noise that the community receives right now we can take a look at the lockheed model and see how another contractor has approached the same problem with a completely different design this is a quarter scale model of the double delta fixed geometry supersonic transport configuration again the pilots set up in this area of the fuselage and the nose droops away for improved visibility during landing and takeoff operations what do you mean by a double delta well the wing schoenberg is comprised of two delta or triangular shaped [Music] portions this forward delta and the main half delta shown here well now if this doesn't change position how do you get the extra lift that you need for this take off and landing problem this is obtained in a combination of three ways first this forward delta is used to generate a high energy vortex is it like a hurricane that's right which generates a low pressure field over the aft main wing then the wing itself is much larger than on the variable sweep airplane and finally we rotate the airplane to higher angles that's right to a higher angle when we do this we lower these leading edge flaps to maintain smooth airflow over the upper surface of the wing i noticed that this plane doesn't have a horizontal tail like most airplanes that i'm familiar with that's correct and the tail is replaced by control surfaces here on the aft portion of the wing all the way across the half span these are moved up and down to make the airplane go up and down or one up and the other down in the opposing wing to roll the airplane oh and these are the engines under the wing that's right about the same as the uh well tell me uh mr kelly have these both these planes met these design objectives that you've been talking about they have come very close to meeting the design objectives and i believe that with continued development effort they will meet the design objectives that these are not even more work to do that's right well assuming they do uh what will happen next well the next step will be an evaluation of the two designs by a government evaluation team with a recommendation as to which airplane should be taken into flight test development there are people who recommend that the competition be maintained on both aircraft through a flight test stage well thank you very much in addition to static tests in a wind tunnel some of the dynamic aspects of sst performance can best be tested in actual flight by modifying an existing aircraft to reflect various design ideas here at ames engineers have taken this f5d for example and changed the shape of its wing to resemble that of a delta wing supersonic transport thus they can test the lift characteristics at low speeds of this proposed sst design the f5d has a five year history of flight testing various design ideas here it flies missions in the critical region of subsonic flight testing the low speed lift and stability characteristics of this particular wing shape even at these subsonic speeds the wing edge condenses moisture in the air that crosses it the resulting vapor creates visible patterns of the vortices which are produced and which provide even more than the expected lift at slow speeds america's newest research craft the controversial xp 70 has pioneered in high-speed test missions two years ago it was to go into production as the most up-to-date member in our arsenal of long-range bombers once congress canceled the bomber program nasa and the air force agreed to use the two prototypes jointly as test craft although because the xb70 is expensive to build and operate it has only limited payload capacity it can never be used for commercial travel flying three times the speed of sound at seventy thousand feet about the same speed and altitude the sst will cruise at this huge white bird now gathers invaluable data on stability and control characteristics at the same time cruise missions check out engineering solutions to the most difficult problem of high-speed flight sustained heat hydraulic systems electrical wiring bearings and seals have all been redesigned to withstand the scorching temperature tests also gauge airframe strains and fatigue under these extraordinarily demanding flight conditions as the only large experimental aircraft able to cruise at mach 3 the xb70 has a busy schedule and much of the information gained on these flights will be directly applicable to the sst this plane now coming in for a landing has a long history of contributions to in-flight research it's a boeing 707 prototype in fact the first 707 ever built in its day it held the transcontinental speed record but much of its long life has been spent playing charades after flying countless missions for 707 testing engineers with a wave of their wand miraculously turned it into a 727. now here along the coast of virginia where nasa is testing the handling and maneuverability of the two supersonic configurations it pretends to be an sst to learn more about this versatile plane and the tests it's performing we talked to mr robert shade project manager for sst's at langley research center mr shade it was a beautiful landing how are you thank you what is the uh purpose of this rather unusual looking airplane well the purpose is to simulate uh supersonic transports during the landing approach with a large subsonic jet transport well now how can you do that i mean this is a subsonic transport it looks very much like a 707. well it looks like one but it doesn't fly like one we have inside the aircraft a computing system that takes all of the aircraft inputs like the pilot's control and the movements of the aircraft into the computer the computer analysis of the thing tells the controls what to do to make the airplane fly just like a supersonic transport i see so there's a computer between the pilot and what actually happens that's right so if he pushes some normal control it doesn't respond just the way he might expect it for example if he pulls the control column back uh halfway the normal airplane you see there would pitch up rather rapidly but after it goes through the computer the computer takes and takes some of this out so it pitches up a lot more slowly like a real large supersonic transport would which couldn't possibly respond as fast as at lower point what is the inside that nose that sticks out like a beak well that big boom you see back there is our angle of attack which is for the airplane going up and down and angle of side slip indications and when this aircraft moves either up or down or back and forth this little vein right on the very tip end of this boom transmits signals back to the computer and then the computer takes these signals and uses them for the simulation i see that really tells you what the plane is doing that's correct but if the uh pilot can see out the window i think that would tend to to spoil the effect i mean does it really feel like he's flying supersonics the only thing that he does not feel is that the pilot is closer to the center of gravity of the airplane you're not quite as far out in the front otherwise the airplane motions the movements he goes through and most of the visual cues he has are essentially the same what kind of men do you use for flying this or regular pilots or well we have been using two of our nesa research pilots to conduct this uh speed landing approach evaluation and arrive at the present moment we're uh using four outside uh pilots to evaluate it to get a more comprehensive indication of what we have done what's their reaction to this uh peculiar interference or their normal controls well most of these people that are flying it are pretty well versed in terms of test pilots and uh they're used to this sort of thing and they can sort out the good and bad things and tell us what we have here in the way of a supersonic transport well now can you try different uh designs sort of program them into the computer so definitely it isn't just any supersonic training we have a big patch board oh it's about this square that's just covered with wires we call these computer patch boards and when we fly a given configuration the patch board is pushed in to the computer and this computer then responds to this particular configuration if you want to change from a variable sweep sst or super science transport to a delta configuration you just take the patch board out and put another patch board back in and the airplane flies like the other configuration is it too early yet to say which designs look promising well uh all i can say is they all fly they all fly uh it's part of the purpose of this to see whether pilots can actually handle these airplanes this is the biggest thing we're after we don't know for sure until the actual airplane is built whether the supersonic transports will fly like we think they will and this is just the next step we're trying to do here to get a better feel for what the sst's will be doing when they fly not all sst testing is best done in the wind tunnel or in the air often engineers want to try out a whole variety of conditions including some that might prove unsafe in flight to see how these tests are conducted we talked with mr seth anderson chief of the flight and simulation branch here at ames as you can imagine it's rather expensive to operate a large jet transport for that reason we do quite a bit of our work with ground-based simulators and this way we can cover a broad range of parameters and then use the flight test results to validate the ground-based results we have one of the simulators here oh is this a supersonic transport it's a cab that's used to represent some of the supersonic transports characteristics this cab can actually move it rolls plus or minus 12 degrees pitches up and down and moves through an altitude range of about three feet this gives the pilot a lot more realism a much better feel of actually flying an airplane than if he were standing still so he's flying by the seat of his pants that's correct but now what does he see a movie of a typical flight path on the screen no it's not a movie john it's a projection of a landing that's given by the projectors on top of the cab through a closed-circuit tv system and it's actually in color to all more realism again and this equipment is in another room and the camera is driven over a landscape to show his approach to his landing and to the actual touchdown on the runway when he moves the control in the cab does that sort of move the camera over the landscape well not directly we do have to go through a computer setup to give the actual supersonic transports characteristics oh i see so when he moves the control it may not respond instantaneously it responds more like a big sluggish airplane that is correct uh could we see this in operation why don't we take a ride okay would you go first here as you can see this is the most important part of the cab only the the where the crew is actually operating why don't you sit in the co-pilot seat and we'll have a preview of an sst aircraft making a landing i've never even had a chance to do this in a regular plane this is great you got all the instruments here that you would in a sst as you can see we don't have a full set of instruments we have only those that are required for our research purposes are you ready in the computing room roger anytime here we have the altimeter as you can see we're starting out at a thousand feet we'll be making our approach at 130 knots oh so we're not supersonic coming in here we've slowed down a lot all right this is the final portion of a supersonic flight and you'll be given a little bit of an idea of how it looks to approach with a large aircraft and i want you to note in particular the response for this type of a vehicle okay you're ready we'll go ahead fine let's go we're now in motion making our approach at uh roughly a thousand feet we'll be coming down on the glide path now at 500 feet per minute is that the airport there ahead the airport's directly ahead i'll give you a little idea of the menu we'll start over to the left and make an offset correction before we get down to the runway hmm i can really feel that i see what you mean it does respond very slowly when you uh yeah remember this is a very large aircraft and the response of a large aircraft is necessarily slower for safety and structural reasons we'll actually overshoot the runway and come back you can see we make a correction to go up if we're too low and go down if we're too high can you make this uh behave like a delta or a swept wing or any type you want yes by proper adjustment of the stability parameters we can simulate any of the supersonic transport configurations you can see the runway directly ahead of us about 300 less than 300 feet [Music] this approach is being made under visual conditions but you can imagine that the entire approach down very close to the ground could be made under instrument conditions we're about ready to touch down i'm ready to touch down [Music] here we are on the runway i couldn't even feel a touch you can notice the light comes on to indicate that we're actually on the ground well that was a very smooth landing that's just typical of the many landings that have been made to ensure that the supersonic transport can carry out a mission in a safe and efficient manner well thank you very much mr anderson once the testing has been completed and the results evaluated the decision on a specific version of the sst can be made by 1974 america's supersonic transport should be in the skies but as progress would have it this newest of airplanes is already in a manner of speaking becoming obsolete research is even now underway on the next generation of vehicle one that feels most comfortable at speeds between six and sixteen thousand miles an hour a thin rocket-shaped scramjet the hypersonic plane they call it no longer seems even improbable that one day new york to london may be measured in minutes i'm john pitch mit science reporter [Music] hello everybody welcome to the av geeks lunchtime streaming show i am skip alzheimer um thanks for joining me today so that last film was ticket through the sound barrier which was uh part of this science reporter tv series uh we saw one called suited for space i believe did we watch that one yeah um which basically talked about the challenges of making a spacesuit for people that were going to go leave earth's atmosphere this one's great because this is dealing with um high-speed air flight and uh it is hinting at the concorde which appeared and then disappeared um and uh it's kind of interesting to me i like looking at like you know what the projections are here's this possible thing that we have of course the the downer part of this is the fact that it was incredibly loud required super long um landing strips there was a financial cost that i don't think that they were able to justify over a period of time like they could make enough to actually i don't know there's a lot of factors that led to the sst not existing anymore and certainly us not traveling by air so much makes it even more difficult but um this is a great opportunity for me to bring up the fact that i've been calling myself av geeks since um the early 90s and i would say probably in the early 2000s or maybe even then like say like 2010 or so maybe even later than that 2015. uh i started seeing people using the hashtag avgeek and i was like huh what is this in reference to and it was aviation geeks aviation geeks have tried to take over everything and in fact what they did is they actually took over some of the names on youtube they took over some of the hashtags so i am not mad but it's like dude if you're aviation geeks why don't you call yourself avi geeks or something else like av is audiovisual and i've been around forever so like why are you doing this so anyways uh occasionally i do shows that are about aviation stuff and actually talk to someone in houston about doing a show in november virtually that's about air flight your commercial air flight so there is this weird overlap so i've been kind of playfully um dabbling in that but it is annoying to just have somebody kind of swoop in and say like yeah av geeks that means not audio visual that means aviation so ah i mean the fact that i'm doing a daily show called av geeks is probably enough that it's it's clogging everybody's uh feeds that are looking for av geeks so for aviation stuff so there you go um we're gonna try an experiment um where i'm gonna play a silent film and i'm going to play a soundtrack um behind it and the challenge of course is like i would love to play you some production music stuff but that's immediately gonna bring a hammer down um so i brought something that is thematically related um and probably won't i'd be surprised if it registers it's by boyd rice who is did amazing noise and sound work in the 80s before he became problematic as a uh as a person um but i still like his sound and noise work um so here is uh one of those films those time rating studies films where [Music] efficiency experts would watch how somebody does something manufacturing something manual and manufacturing wise and tries to come up with ways to one grade the person to see if they're good at it to come up with ways to make it easier and so i have a series of test studies where people that are being trained in advance advancement of management via efficiency studies and motion studies um can grade so here's here are people doing things manufacturing things now i showed one of these months ago i don't think this is the same one i feel like because i have like five uh maybe even more but i feel like this is different this is from film so there's a lot of talk let's watch some people do some stuff enjoy no do [Laughter] [Laughter] so do so so okay okay hello so so [Laughter] so so [Laughter] my [Laughter] do do so to she foreign so oh okay foreign so do [Laughter] [Laughter] [Laughter] [Laughter] [Laughter] so so so all right you get the point um really amazing footage the thing is it runs at uh 18 frames a second which is not sound speed that's silent speed uh 16 millimeter was usually shot if it was silent at 18 or 16 frames a second or sometimes even lower some people had a camera that would save you could do 12 so you know people would save film about that way but it's um more herky jerky that way so i added a soundtrack uh by boyd rice uh his group nan uh basically did skipping records and tape loops and uh was in that genre called industrial music before industrial music was dance music uh and it fits man it fits totally well it feels like you're in a factory with those people uh in my mind um so thanks for indulging me with that um let's see what do we got next it's time to go to the circus so here's circus day [Music] welcome to clown alley this is where i get ready for the big show [Music] it's circus day in a big city out front the people are gathering here at the sports arena for the afternoon show [Music] today's big circus plays in a building of concrete and steel but when i joined the circus we played under a huge canvas tent those were exciting times the circus day began early in the morning when the circus train pulled into town back then i was traveling with the kohl brothers show [Music] a large crew of workers traveled with the show they worked together as a team to unload the train and set up the circus lot [Music] the workhorses were unloaded first old tony was a real ham and always greeted the circus fans with a fine bow [Music] hello they used the horses to unload the heavy [Music] dragons [Music] a rope wrapped around a snubbing post kept the wagons from rolling too fast [Music] [Music] [Music] as soon as the wagons had been rolled from the flat cars they were hustled away to the circus lock there were many animals to be unloaded the elephants were carried in cars that were higher and stronger than the other stock cars [Music] i guess elephants and the circus have always gone together circus people prefer to use indian elephants because they are easy to train the elephants are called bulls and the trainers control them with a pointed stick called a hook [Music] we carried animals from all over the world there was a sacred bull from india and llamas from the high andes mountains of south america there were zebras from the wide grassy plains of africa and camels from the plateaus of central asia [Music] oh signs had been drawn with chalk to direct us to the circus lot as the animals arrived on the lot they were tied to wagons until the menagerie tent was ready [Applause] wagon after wagon was pulled into place lots of work had to be done to get ready for the afternoon show the biggest job was getting the canvas into the air hundreds of stakes had to be driven into the ground to tie down the tents some of the stakes were driven by hand but most were driven by machines the center poles had to be threaded with pulleys and ropes and large iron rings to hold the canvas top the first center pole to go up was called the king pole the king pole was held in place by long guy ropes and was used to help raise the other center poles one by one the elephants pulled the heavy poles into the air the men had been working since early morning and were sure happy when the blue flag went up on the cook tent to signal that breakfast was ready [Music] we were one big circus family in those days our cooks prepared only two meals a day but there was plenty of good food and you could have all you wanted to eat hey brother [Music] after breakfast there was still a lot of work to be done roll after roll of tent canvas was pulled from the wagons the elephants were trained to do many jobs and were a big help in putting up the tents after the canvas was spread some of the workmen tied it to the iron rings while others laced the sections together when the canvas was ready the men set the side poles come ahead with the bow do the hole shoot it move along as pole after pole was raised into place the big top was slowly lifted into the [Music] air hit it hit it hit it hit it hold it now downstate hit it next finally the seats were set up and the sidewalls were hung in place when the tent was in the air it was easy for anyone to see why we called it the big top by noon all the tents were ready and the animals were undercover the heavy work of the elephants was done and they had time for a well-earned rest before the big show the midway was the front door to the big show the color and sounds of the midway were an exciting part of the old circus [Music] [Music] in here boys go in and start the show right now go right in there and start your show there it goes right now if you gotta go this is the first big show in your city today everything you see pictured and painted after buying your ticket you passed through the menagerie tent on your way to the big top there were all kinds of sights and sounds here to thrill the circus fans [Music] while the crowd was gathering our circus trumpeter called us to get ready for the show [Music] the backyard was a busy place as the performers hurried to get into costume [Music] so by circus tradition each clown has his own special makeup and no one else copies it [Music] the circus animals were dressed with beautiful robes feather plumes and special harness [Music] uh by showtime all the performers were [Music] ready [Applause] [Applause] hello know hmm [Music] my [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] oh [Applause] [Music] [Applause] the golden light under the canvas and the dust and smells of the old circus are gone but the acts are still pretty much the same oh sure there have been some changes but the circus is still the greatest show on earth and if you have a circus you have to have clowns sorry you guys don't like clowns i forgot there's a contingency on youtube that's like clouds oh my god clowns um it is uh clowns are scary because they are grotesque people that make fun of us um and make loud noises uh i get it although i delight in it so emma kelly was featured in there i don't think he's he's not the main clown i don't think um but um yeah you know circuses circuses are fascinating they they're not going to exist nowadays like they did because of the animal issues but i think that there still will be people performing and doing fascinating things and awesome things and that will still be something that people will delight and seen uh i went to a tent circus a long long when i was a little kid and it was really quite something it was a small circus i can't even remember the name of it it was really tiny one ring circus but it was uh it was yeah the sights the sounds the smells lots of elephant poop um yeah i remember that very well so uh all right so uh this next film is um i i just i've been pulling films off the shelf when i go to the archive um ones i haven't seen and this one's called legacy and in just kind of previewing it just a little bit it's a will venton um claymation film which is fascinating because we just did a project where we scanned some um will vinton footage for the archive for their estate actually i think there's a documentary coming out about his story and um so small world that's the way it is when you collect a bunch of something is it there's all these connections being made so here's legacy enjoy after the cosmic bang which set our universe in motion after the fusing of clouds of gas into billions of giant stars the gases that hovered about one star took form and the planet earth was born in the beginning it was a dreary place dry barren and airless but natural forces were at work and remarkable changes would occur [Music] a veil of gases rose over the earth then cooled condensed and fell in rain millions of years of rain oceans formed a bit of this and a bit of that drifted for millions of years until an extraordinary thing occurred molecules began creating more of their own kind the chain of life had begun for millions of years living things fell to the ocean floor billions of creatures of shell and bone falling compressing evolving to organic mud and eventually to oil and gas then plants appeared on the land and when they died they returned to the earth [Music] millions of years of vegetation pressing and compressing one layer upon another turning finally to layers of coal hidden deep within the earth [Music] meanwhile in the sea life was discovering new forms [Music] it was a process of trial and error [Music] eventually all of them died return to the planet and to the elements from which they were made then came new creatures that carried their young inside their bodies some were swift and some were strong but one of them was clever [Music] the world he entered was rich now blessed with the vast resources that evolved from all previous life forms and matter oil and gas on the ocean floor coal deep within the earth minerals embedded in the rock and vast forests [Music] from barren rock and eden that was the legacy of a billion years in a nutshell [Music] fascinating um i like the early wool vent and stuff uh like closed mondays and um yeah some of that early stuff is really great uh he did do the california raisins which is regrettable but i'm sure it made him a bunch of money uh his story is uh a little tragic um he did pass away but there was some shenanigans involving his company and uh i think the son of of the owner of nike soul knight um where things were purchased and will then was kicked out anyways i'm sure that's what the documentary is going to be talking about um but anyways yes that an amazing amount of work um another pacific northwest stop-motion animator so well then is based kind of in the um portland oregon area and um another one bruce bickford who it was based in seattle uh also um i think he passed away and he had an amazing amount of animation stop-motion animation involving clay uh will vinton coined the phrase and i think trademarked the phrase uh claymation wouldn't let anybody else use it um but yeah interesting there you go um hmm let's see what we got um speaking of your travel uh let's see what it's like to travel by jet in circa the 50s this is airplane trip by jet this airport like all big city airports is a busy place with planes coming and going day and night planes with propellers and jet planes from all over the world fly in and out of new york's international airport right now jet flight 801 is approaching the gate where passengers for san francisco will board the plane a huge moving corridor swings into place it is called a jet way through it passengers can board the jet plane directly from the waiting room safely and comfortably regardless of the weather the airport bus is already bringing passengers for flight 801 but sue and bob allen are at the gate ahead of time they are taking their first airplane trip alone the passenger supervisor mr peterson is there to help them they can be the first passengers to board the plane he says as he leads them to the boarding area grandpa allen is a little worried you see mrs allen and i just couldn't make the trip to san francisco their parents they've just found a house out there and quite naturally they want the children with them really there's no problem we often have children traveling alone oh by the way let me introduce you to our stewardess miss murray mr and mrs allen this is susie and bobby oh it'll be fun having them on board say it looks like you have another passenger here oh she won't be any trouble no no trouble at all except she can't ride in the main cabin however if she has a ticket i'm sure mr peterson will find room for her grandpa and grandma will have to say goodbye here for only passengers are allowed to go out to the jet way leading to the plane there's mr peterson just putting skippy into a box specially made for dogs and cats that travel by plane goodbye skippy goodbye grandpa and grandma shout the children and they hurry on to find a seat in the big and comfortable cabin of the jet now the other passengers begin to board the plane through the jet way while the passengers get seated bob and sue turned to the many interesting sites of the busy airport mechanics check and service the big jet engines men load luggage into special containers which are then covered and closed and driven to a loading hatch under the plane one container after another is then lifted inside the plane and moved into place by a conveyor other men load the mail into the plane and food for the passengers through the window sue can see the traffic control tower it is higher than the other buildings so traffic officers can see the planes coming and going their job is to direct traffic at the airport 801 use runway 2-1 left advised when ready to taxi captain mills replies idle ground control flight 801 ready to taxi now the plane is ready to leave before takeoff miss murray helps bob and sue fasten their seat belts seat belts make takeoffs and landings safer for the passengers just before takeoff the pilot gets his final flight orders this way and the dispatcher gives the all clear salute which means go ahead and off she goes from the loading ramp to the jet runway jets are so big that they need very long runways for takeoffs and they fly so high that more air and oxygen must be added to the air in the cabin so that the passengers will be able to breathe comfortably before takeoff the hostesses explain the use of supplementary oxygen equipment points to the backs of the seats where oxygen masks are kept oxygen supply she shows how to use the masks in case the air in the cabin should drop below normal pressure the mask over your nose and mouth and adjust the headband breathe normally and continue to wear your mask the captain pushes the throttle and the big jet starts off and finally the wheels leave the ground oh we're flying we're flying [Applause] soon they are high over the airport before jet engines working at full power jet engines have no propellers the plane moves forward because burnt gases are forced out through the back of the engine these jet engines have enough power to fly at almost 600 miles per hour the jet is climbing higher and higher leaving new york city far below captain mills welcomes the passengers aboard today we're going to fly at an altitude of 28 000 feet our flying time will be just under six hours captain mills his first officer and the flight engineer sit in the cockpit of the plane the cockpit contains hundreds of instruments these instruments help the pilot fly safely in the busy air lanes right now the captain is setting one of the radio dials but look who is coming children would you like to have some lunch yes please well i'd love to all right can you get your tray down sue yes and while the jet plane flies over the green farmlands of the middle west the hostesses prepare lunch trays for their passengers here is one for sue and one for bob see how neatly everything is arranged on the tray meat vegetables dessert and milk sue is enjoying her lunch as the passengers eat the plane continues its westward journey over the great plains would you like to take a nap no thank you airplane seats are comfortable you can push the backrest down and curl up many passengers like to take naps but bob and sue have too much to see susan would you like a junior stewardess pin oh yeah thank you and how would you like to be a junior pilot oh i'd love to now sue and bob are glad they didn't take a nap look now we're flying over denver miss murray thinks that a little walk through the plane would make a pleasant change for sue and bob she is taking them to the lounge in the front of the plane sue finds a map on the table [Applause] miss marie where are we now we're exactly here susie we are about to cross the continental divide the continental divide is a ridge of high mountains separating rivers flowing to the east from those flowing to the west sue wonders how the pilot can fly or find the airport in cloudy weather miss murray tells her about the special instruments that guide the plane at night and in bad weather radio signals direct the plane on its way and to the landing field almost as if it were gliding along a highway the captain calls the san francisco center lake tahoe at 28 000 flight 801 cleared oakland nominee across sacramento at 11 000 or above susan since you're a junior stewardess would you like to pass gun for me today okay what about me oh i have a box for you too there's one for you and this one for you susan [Music] sue and bob's parents are at the airport well ahead of time the passenger agent has assured them that the airplane is already over the san francisco bay passing your seat belt please already sue and bob are surprised wasn't this a quick flight below they can see the city where their new home will be sue and bob can scarcely wait to see their parents and here is the airport slowly and carefully their jet approaches the landing field and soon the wheels touch the runway in san francisco the ground control officer directs the plane to its proper goodbye gate and bob you've been wonderful passengers [Music] out go bob and sue running to meet their parents and here comes miss murray with skippy bob and sue can't wait to tell their parents all about their first jet airplane trip now they understand better why people say we live in a jet age yeah wow um thanks everybody uh for tuning in have a ham thank you so much for your uh donation of coffee that's one way that you can support av geeks is by keeping us caffeinated um because i like coffee it's good um another way is you can hit like or subscribe go to avgeeks.com and see other stuff we have online tell people about what we're doing because uh we've been watching a bunch of films and i'm so happy that you guys have been there to watch with us i got one last thing uh yeah we'll watch it i can't remember if i showed this because of poor notes but um i have a bunch of uh tv trailers uh things that were shown on television and so here's some movie tv trailers let's watch those and i'll come back and i'll say goodbye etc so here we go killer fish from a robbery that's incredible to a rendezvous that's undetectable to a recovery that's impossible on an island paradise they search for treasure they search for pleasure and they search for flesh killer fish the terror will tear you to pieces rated pg [Music] killer fish a search for stolen jewels brings flesh-eating terror to the surface danger below disaster above and depth defying survival every second in the most terrifying adventure to ever drag you in pull you under and tear you to pieces killer fish rated pg jennifer is shy you need a friend jennifer i can handle it but please don't make her angry i really don't think you belong here jennifer and i'm personally going to see your departure for if you do you're going to die because jennifer has the power and she's a holy terror jennifer rated pg new granada a perfectly planned community where something strange is happening something that wasn't part of the plan something that could drive this town over the edge over the edge rated pg new granada a perfectly planned community where something strange is happening something that wasn't part of the plan something that could drive this town over the edge over the edge rated pg you have everything to look forward to except tomorrow end of the world [Music] you are about to journey beyond fear beyond terror in a major motion picture so frightening it will devastate you totally the brood david cronenberg's ultimate experience in inner terror they're waiting for you the brood rated r was it an accident was it coincidence was it murder or was it an omen gregory the holy remnant the omen rated r you have been warned so uh a couple of things there one is um over the edge which i love that movie uh and i don't think it had a big theatrical release i think it went straight to cable in most cases the the trailer makes it seem like something supernatural is going on with the kids and uh you know no hopefully not a spoiler alert but it's not supernatural it's just boredom boredom drives kids to do what they do um so it's pretty great uh and also i just recently found the movie end of the world which had that amazing trailer of the planet blowing up and that is one of the most boring movies i've ever seen it is so incredibly tedious uh christopher lee's in it but just barely and it is just i mean there's like shots of this woman waiting outside in the dark for like minutes going it goes on and on and on there's a scene where this guy is like sitting there looking at a computer screen and like typing and looking and then there's like a little print out and it looks again oh my god it is the it is so tedious i mean the story has potential but they just drain any interest in it out and there's only probably only one or two really good scenes in the entire movie and one of them is actually what's shown in the trailer um so uh yeah so yeah trailers are the best because they really do show the most salacious fascinating uh parts of the movie but uh yeah so there you go thanks again everybody for tuning in very much appreciate it i'm excited next week this is my birthday so i i'm gonna try to figure out something i'm gonna do special for my birthday on tuesday i don't know what it will be i'm not sure um but uh thank you for your support and your your comments and and all that um it means a great deal every day to tune in or to broadcast to you guys and you guys tune in and and we all it's like we're in a room together but really we're not um so thank you for that um what is the thing i'm looking for please rewind and love each other um and we will see you again on monday everybody take care seven six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six five four three eight seven six five four three 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