AV Geeks 16mm Lunch 9-5-2023

laughs [Music] [Applause] [Music] foreign how often have you done this today to clear your throat would you consider this a strain or is it a harmless process how does it appear to the naked eye how many other activities do we perform in our daily existence which place strain upon the larynx singing laughing or just talking here is the larynx at work [Music] this harsh sound is known as a vocal fry can your eye detect the mechanics of its production [Music] [Music] oh well you may not recognize all of these sounds in isolation we produce them frequently each day during our ordinary activities alternating whisper and voice [Music] ah [Music] clearing of the throat watch the similarity to a cough and laughter [Music] in order to study the effect of daily stress upon the structures of the larynx this equipment was designed for our Special ultra slow motion cinematographic investigations a 5 000 watt incandescent lamp is used for illumination the intensity of the light is regulated by a variable Transformer the light passes through a cooling cell and is concentrated by a system of lenses onto an oblique mirror from this mirror the beam is directed to the small laryngeal mirror and thanks to the larynx the image of the larynx in turn is reflected by a special laryngeal mirror to the camera a Fast Tax camera of this type permits exposures of 5000 frames or pictures a second this complicated Arrangement was designed to photograph the larynx under normal physiologic conditions just as it is examined by indirect laryngoscopy while the patient takes her place on the mirror [Music] the camera is readied for action and [Music] during this brief instant 100 feet of film were exposed perhaps this tremendous speed can be demonstrated as a metal ball hits an ordinary light bulb not much to it was there now let us examine the same event in Ultra slow motion to bring out these details the factor of time was stretched more than 200 fold this is 25 times as slow as the usual slow motion pictures of athletic events to which we are accustomed at such high speeds only black and white film provides the Precision our investigations require this type of research has permitted us to present several new concepts of laryngeal physiology relating to the details of the vibratory cycle to the intensity and frequency of sound production and to the motion of the soft tissues and cartilages of the larynx this scene represents normal voice production the intensity of the sound increases over the 100 feet of film at this moment the vocal cords are vibrating 200 times per second note the rapid opening phase while the voice is weak and the short period of approximation this observation conforms to the traditional picture of the vibratory wave the information may be presented graphically with the vertical axis indicating the glottal width in percentage and the horizontal axis representing time as measured by the individual film frames note the rapid opening phase the slow closure and the brief period of approximation the limitation of this finding which has been accepted as a basic physiologic principle is revealed when we examine the latter part of the same film strip here at loud voice the reverse ratio may be observed the closing phase of the vibratory wave is now shorter than the opening phase and the period of approximation has increased substantially returning to the graphic analysis the superimposed graph pictures one cycle toward the end of our last scene note the contrast between the periods of approximation with weak and loud voice which has also been observed on stroboscopic examination now note the Reversed ratio between opening and closing phases which is presented as a New physiologic Concept this finding accounts for The hitherto Unexplained and contrasting results from different acoustic and physical tests extensive cinematographic observations on different subjects at different times confirm this phenomenon this sequence shows the same observations in another patient in reverse order a decrescendo foreign this first strip from the beginning of the film where the voice is loud again demonstrates the relatively long opening phase brief closure and prolonged approximation the latter part of the same film strip at low intensity by contrast note here the short opening phase prolonged closure and brief approximation further experiments indicate this is the result of two interacting forces first tension of muscles and ligaments in the larynx which was apparent in the previous film strips and second the pressure of the air column activating the chords observe the looseness of all structures in this type of easy voice production on the corresponding graph compare the rapid opening phase with the extremely long closing phase there is no complete approximation these graphs were prepared by our associate Dr timke from our Motion Pictures now note the change in this pattern when the air pressure is increased by a sudden push on the abdomen with the release of the pressure the laryngeal structures return rapidly to their former vibratory pattern watch the thick double lip at the free margin of the vocal cords which we have recorded in previous Motion Pictures this intricate pattern is well Illustrated in this scene at low frequency the mucous membrane covering the vocal cords appears to Trail the movement of the underlying muscles it is Apparent from these pictures that in many patients the loose connective tissue between these two layers extends farther laterally and inferiorly than is generally assumed in the production of voice various laryngeal adjustments are employed to vary the pitch and quality singers refer to these fundamental adjustments as registers we have attempted to record the same pitch using two different physiologic mechanisms the first scene portrays the chest register of a young man at a frequency of about 175 Cycles [Music] note the contrast as the same individual reproduces almost the same pitch in the so-called head register [Music] the two graphs demonstrate the differences in the vibratory Cycles in the chest voice we find a long period of approximation whereas the head voice shows but a momentary contact as expected the relation of the opening and closing phases Remains the Same at similar intensities in falsetto the vibrations are much faster and there is even less contact between the vocal cords foreign [Music] in some voices only the anterior segment of the chords appears to move at very high pitch many interesting details may be observed by a slow motion study of the vibratory pattern observe the rotary motion of the ligamentum vocale in this patient at low pitch could the undulating waves spreading laterally across the chords explain the mysterious waves sometimes noted on stroboscopic examination other waves appear to travel in anterior and posterior directions as the vocal cords open and close this longitudinal undulation is related to the pressure applied to different areas of the vocal cords one of our collaborators Dr Sven Smith has constructed artificial models to demonstrate this phenomenon in this particular model more pressure was exerted on one side resulting in a typical longitudinal wave passing from one end to the other and Back Again during each vibratory cycle if the two chords are weighted unevenly asynchrony of vibration results in this instance the uneven weight was provided by the heavy concentration of mucus on one cord [Music] the other interesting phenomena will be observed on further study unfortunately the scope of this film restricts the extent of our comments note here the involvement of all laryngeal structures in ordinary sound production observe the movement of the highlights not only on the vocal cords but also on the ventricular bands in the arytenoid area and even in the piriform sinuses in this particular instance these highlights reflect not only the vibratory frequency of the vocal cords but also the modulations of the vibrato in an accomplished singer our own larynx shows the same total involvement during the stress of daily life how many times each day do we abuse our vocal mechanism in this manner the vile and oscillations of the laryngeal structures resemble a fragile object in the throes of a violent storm hardly cause for amusement now we enter the inhalation phase of the laughter which is illustrative of laryngeal Strider let us compare the ordinary respiratory pattern with the vibration produced on inhalation here the normal exhalation sound is coming to an end and the laryngeal structures undergo the necessary Readjustment as the direction of the Airstream is reversed the cords come to a brief stand still resumption of phonation this time on inhalation presents an entirely different picture does the extension of the vibratory wave laterally give a clue to what might be observed from beneath the cords during normal phonation graphically speaking in inspiratory sound production the opening phase is extraordinarily long the closing phase extremely brief while the period of approximation takes up about one-third of the vibratory cycle even a light cough or clearing of the throat causes havoc in the larynx this scene is included principally to show the movement of the supraglottic structures particularly the epiglottis during the course of this brief exertion the rim of the epiglottis actually strikes the posterior wall of the hypotherings then recoils rapidly in a peculiar compound curve we have measured the time of this maneuver and found it to be less than three one thousandths of a second speed Even in our jet age to a much lesser extent a similar process may be observed frequently when a vowel is initiated during ordinary conversation again we observe a constriction of all the laryngeal structures if this constriction is increased sufficiently as in a sharp staccato a new and different phenomenon may be observed here is this peculiar pattern produced in a sustained manner which is sometimes referred to as a vocal fry remember what you visualized at normal speed at the beginning of this film now watch what really happens the vocal cords beat in a syncopated rhythm with a long closed phase following every second beat what a novel and extraordinary configuration this graph illustrates this biphasic pattern the two peaks follow each other in Rapid succession while the closed phase takes up almost one half of the total biphasic cycle acoustic measurements of the voice reveal a sub-harmonic of 75 cycles per second one half the fundamental frequency of the sound produced the same film strip also shows another unusual movement this one in the longitudinal Direction instead of the usual pattern there is an elliptical opening traveling from the arytenoid area to the anterior commissure as part of each vibratory cycle here is the same biphasic cycle in another person with a completely normal voice this phenomenon can be observed only by Ultra high-speed photography it has not been reported previously further research will be required to determine the underlying acoustic and physiologic factors Dr Smith has tried to explain the mechanics of this shift aerodynamically with a special model this view presents A sagittal section through the sound producing area observe the extensive vibratory motion progressing up the walls of the airway and also the biphasing beat at the superior aperture here are examples of various models used in this film the central rubber tube of the large model is weighted on each side by foam rubber and slit in the center for cross-sectional observation the smaller tubes are activated by blowing and are photographed from the distal end pitch and quality can be regulated by tension and finger pressure [Music] foreign [Music] Ultra high-speed photography of the larynx has uncovered new information on normal laryngeal physiology under daily stress with this basis the research can be extended to the physiology of the abnormal larynx [Music] thank you [Music] hi everybody I'm skip Alzheimer welcome to the AV Geeks lunchtime streaming show where I felt like I wanted to start off with a bang um could do a whole show of films about the larynx uh and it would be gory because I also have a laryngectomy where it's a operation to remove the larynx um which is in Vivid Kodachrome color um and then I have some other films about larynx uh so yeah I won't do it I mean you guys were chance for dealing with that that was fascinating to me uh because of um all that photography and it was a special camera and can you imagine like being there and like being close to this super intense bolt light bulb to illuminate the inside of the back of your throat uh all that stuff outrageous well let's get back to what we know and that is Coronet which I'm wearing the shirt for uh and keeping food safe to eat enjoy [Music] foreign [Music] we like to eat foods that are fresh and clean to keep food this way mother Steve and Kathy do many things in their home that you probably do in yours before eating they always wash their hands well almost always how could Steve have gotten his hands so dirty oh well boys have a way while Steve washes his hands Kathy will get the silverware oops she dropped a spoon will she use it anyway no she places it in the sink to be washed again is this something you would do later Kathy pours the milk as soon as she's done she returns the bottle to the refrigerator is this something that you would do now Steve is ready for breakfast and father too father is also careful about the food he eats the sausage looks good but it doesn't taste right so he won't eat any more of the sausage it may be spoiled often we can tell if foods are good to eat by smelling or tasting them you should never eat Foods if you're not sure they are safe Steve is going to eat some cereal closing the box after he's done with it helps to keep the cereal fresh later when mother takes out bread for the children's lunch she closes the wrapper again to keep the bread fresh mother is going to put some apples in the lunches too But first you wash them do you know why she does this the apples may not be clean before arriving at our home apples and other fruits may have been handled by many people although they shouldn't handle them when apples are growing on apple trees they are sprayed with insecticides so that insects will not eat them washing fruits and vegetables helps remove dirt or insecticides that may be on them washing dishes also helps us keep our food fresh and clean to find out why Let's do an experiment with some leftover food on a plate what do you suppose will happen if the food is not washed off after several hours we can see some changes the slices of peach have turned brown and the lettuce has wilted after several days we can see some fluffy stuff on the food this is mold the mold growing on the food and germs too small to see may be harmful some molds and some germs can make you sick if you eat them that's one reason why we wash dishes so that we don't give mold and germs a place to grow now let's see what happens if a bottle of milk is left out of the refrigerator for a long time after a day or so it begins to sour milk is usually not harmful but if the milk is left out too long it can get like this and may not be safe to drink that's why it's important to keep milk and other foods that spoil easily in the refrigerator what about the spoon that fell on the floor it looks clean at least until you look at it more closely along the edge you can see bits of dirt picked up from the floor dirt may not make you sick but it's safer if you don't eat with things that have fallen on the floor until they're washed again washing our hands before eating is important too these hands may look clean from here but a closer view shows dirt along the tiny grooves of the skin there are germs here too although you can't see them because they're very tiny tiny invisible germs may be left on the food you touch this bread for example if you look at the bread very closely you can see dirt left by the fingers where there is dirt there are usually germs the best way to get dirt and germs off your hands is to wash and scrub them well using lots of soap and rubbing it in between the fingers on the back of the hands and on the wrist too gets them clean all over this should be done especially before handling food as at Meal Time see how clean the hand looks now even when we look at it very closely dirt and germs that might cause us to get sick have been washed away another thing germs away I'm not sure what's going on um why uh YouTube canceled the stream except that I have a feeling that um Shout Factory claimed it for Rift tracks or for uh Mystery Science Theater and um it's very very frustrating uh let me see if I can get you guys where you need to go uh all right let me see if I can so I bought this special YouTube hammer every time I get uh taken down and that was bogus that was yet again another bogus thing um from YouTube uh so anyways uh let's watch about Hindu families enjoy [Music] foreign [Music] of India many are its provinces and towns innumerable The Villages here is a typical Province Gujarat and a typical Village and here comes ganga The Village headband's daughter proud as is becoming the daughter of a brahmana a leader of the community a man of wealth ganga is 14 years old and soon to be married following the new laws and old customers in India a girl is considered mature at 14. this old building is where the teacher resides the teacher who is also the village postmaster in the local Health officer home is the Village School here ganga learned to read and write the language of her home Province one of the many languages of India [Applause] thank you here is delary ganga's sister and her brother Sashi copying from the Blackboard the word varat which means India in recent years India has been paying greater attention to education school is obligatory [Music] the teacher is a respected man in the community because he is a brahmana a learned man of high caste or Teacher Calls ganga father sends you this gourd and invite you to come to my wedding will you come of course he will come says the teacher to see his old friend's daughter get married after attaining the legal age of 14. he worked many years for the new law which forbids the marriage of very young girls he and other teachers fought for this new marriage law because they know that India needs mothers better educated and better prepared if they are to raise healthier families after school The Village seems alive with youngsters hey Sashi call the boys and Sashi is glad that he can lead the girls to play satikri which means seven stones and is played with a ball and seven Pebbles foreign have errands to do there is the jewelry to be inspected at the village goldsmiths people believe that gold brings a woman well therefore father ordered a bracelet of pearls and solid gold as a wedding present for ganga the goal for her health and the pearls as a sign of prosperity for in India a woman must also be Lakshmi the goddess of wealth for her family that's why women in India like to protect themselves with gold trinkets getting married brings many changes to a girl in India in dress for instance because in India girls before marriage wear girls clothes only married women can wear asari a piece of cloth or silk wrapped around the body in a special way ganga's father is a man of means therefore she will wear a sari woven by hand but the best Weaver in Gujarat the girls have just time for one more errand The Village Potter is busy shaping the Willing play into jars and pots as did his father and his father's father before him thus this Man's family has been making Earthen pots for the people of otgum as long as the oldest villagers can remember [Music] ganga needs pots to store buttermilk into the wedding feast today ganga has no time for bargaining because the time is flying and the girls must hurry home in the Village Square the boys are still playing Here Comes sashi's father and Uncle since Dawn they have been supervising the Harvest on the family rice fields after a hot and humid day in the rice fields father and uncle are glad to be going home home where delary is playing with the baby while waiting for the man to return When there's time delary and Sashi enjoy playing with the baby because even in a village headman's house there are no toys for children [Music] comes grandfather he carries a brass jar of fresh milk delary will take it to the kitchen where ganga is busy cutting vegetables religion forbids the Hindus to eat meat that is why vegetables are so important in the Hindu meal vegetables and pancakes in India they call them chapati mother toast them on a hot plate vegetables are steamed in a brass vessel even in a well-to-do house butter is churned with simple tools all housework is done under the supervision of the oldest woman of the household all ceremonies are led by the oldest man every day at this same time grandfather leads his sons and his grandson to the washing ceremony everything in India is a religious ceremony even the meal a Hindu must come to it pure meanwhile the women have prepared the dinner most of the dishes are enriched with a butter sauce called ghee men always eat first while the women keep the meal hot and help the men during the ceremony of eating you don't speak while you eat in India except in the praise of food before eating the food must be blessed the circle of water to keep the evil eye out a few crumbs of rice as an offering to the rulers of the seven heavens grandfather and father recite mantras holy verses so that the food will become pure grandfather gives the sign for the younger men to begin their meal grandmother supervises the serving on her signal ganga replenishes the plates very few were the houses in India where there is so much food for young and old early on ganga's wedding day Sashi is all dressed up in his clean Doty spotless white his Sashi suit and gold trimmed dulare's new dress [Music] all the women are assembled around ganga who is draping her first sorry a tailor is at hand to help with the alterations [Music] the draping of the sari follows a prescribed tradition mother and grandmother are supervising and bridesmaids are helping every plate of the sari follows a set pattern like men the women in India learn early the rigorous rules of tradition because Hinduism is a way of life more than it is a religion grandmother thinks that ganga is the prettiest bride in all about God and lucky is the young man whom her father has chosen to be her husband to guard her from an evil eye grandmother makes a sign for good luck remember and now the jewelry from father a bracelet and from her groom a pair of anklets [Music] to the beat of ceremonial music and dances and accompanied by many wedding guests the groom rides into his bride's Village at last the bride and groom meet shyly she looks at him as their hands are joined outside the music and dancing continues in the home age-old hymns are recited oh ye couple be prepared the auspicious moment of your life is fast approaching [Music] touching seven Beetle nuts ganga makes seven symbolic steps into marriage seven because seven is a holy number after this the marriage is considered inviolable by Orthodox Hindus although recent laws permit divorce on her wedding day ganga each with her groom and out of her own dish from now on she will use her husband's dish to prove that they are one in body and soul [Music] now as man and wife ganga and her groom do reverence to the Elders of the family [Music] from her corner dulare watches her sister because someday soon she will be married too and so another young couple is joined in marriage in the village of artgum in the province of Gujarat in the union of India ready to carry on family traditions and blend them with the new ways of India of today [Music] 14. I mean it's a rich culture but man 14. there's some rough stuff going on over there still there's it's better than it was but uh it's still it has a ways to go as far as women's rights um but anyways Beautiful film nonetheless and yes now according you know you guys in the comments got it I want some Indian food right now some sort of delicious Curry or something uh so on the film scanner uh as we were watching that film on Hindu uh Hindu family uh myself and my assistants were bringing in boxes we got another I would say 10 boxes uh from Iowa and from Albuquerque from different places uh in Iowa it's a university that is basically purging their collection in Albuquerque it's a more dire situation it's basement films which is an archive there of similar uh types of films um they lost their space and they're struggling to try to find a place and in the midst of it they're also deciding to call their collection and hone in on the stuff that that they want to collect and of course here I am like I'll take that stuff and so uh we've been watching some religious films from them uh the the laryn uh larynx film that we just saw earlier in the show was from Iowa uh and this next film is from Iowa and this was one of the films where I was like they sent me a list which I sometimes look at just to see how much overlap there is um this one I was like oh my gosh I want this absolutely want this so there was some interesting music in this in uh percussion and then the last film but this film is all about uh this next film is all about interesting percussion and this is made by uh an American musician who you may or may not know but his stuff is really I really like it resonates with me uh it is not pop music in any way shape or form so here it is music studio Harry parch enjoy [Music] oh [Music] [Music] [Music] foreign given to me by a Japanese calligrapher has hung on my studio walls in recent years and it says though homeless you make a shrine Wherever You Are at the moment my Shrine happens to be in Chicago and if it is a shrine it becomes one only through the musical instruments that I have around me these are unusual in size shape and philosophic purpose they are a musical necessity because I am essentially not an instrument Builder but a composer I am a philosophic Music Man Who long ago was seduced into musical carpentry as a composer and a musical philosopher I make my living by selling records of my music I am both the manufacturer and the retailer and I distribute the records very largely by mail my music and my instruments are the expression of an ancient tradition in which Sight and Sound unite toward the achievement of a single dramatic purpose this is not concert music it finds its highest purpose in collaboration with other Arts with dents with tragedy with satire with farce and in the present instance with the art of film unfortunately records carry their message only to the ear they bring no similar and unifying excitement to the eye with film it is possible for the eye to explain to the ear and for the ear to fulfill the vision some 35 years ago I began experimenting with musical scales different from the piano scale and for theoretical and practical instrument building purposes I determined on a 43 tone to the octave scale here is the scale on my chromologian an adapted Reed organ [Music] foreign [Music] here is the ancient Greek and harmonic scale now another ancient Greek scale [Music] the 13 sub base reads descend to a 33 cycle tone the lowest Sea on the piano even lower tones are given by my marimba Heroica which has only four tones but the lowest is about 22 cycles and F below the lowest tone on the piano [Music] unfortunately sound systems are generally not capable of reproducing the profound resonances of this giant marimba the huge mallets are sometimes put aside in favor of gloved hands going up the scale with the same type of instrument the blocks become smaller but this the base marimba is still so large that the player must stand on a riser as he does with the deeper marimba the large mallets produce a full resonant tone [Music] the tips of fingers a sharp bungle like tone [Music] a completely different type of marimba is made from 64 sections of Philippine bamboo each with a vibrating tongue cut in the open end boo is my name for this marimba [Music] five different sounds are heard on the instrument that I call The Spoils of War the first two are produced on brass artillery casings and large Pyrex bowls the third is a high block tone the fourth a deep tone and the fifth is made on a piece of spring steel the diamond marimba has 36 blocks placed in diagonal rows so that one stroke of a mallet will play either Triads or full chords [Music] right hand Strokes are major why left hand Strokes are minor foreign a passage of music shows one of the diamond marimba's potentialities [Laughter] I call this instrument the cloud chamber Bowls the centers of the carboys from which they came were used in so-called Cloud chamber experiments [Music] the harmonic Canon or harmonic law goes back to the ancient monochord for its basic idea the monochord had two fixed Bridges and a movable bridge between with which ancient theorists determined their scales [Music] this part of the instrument has 44 strings and the bridges are designed especially for each composition they are knocked down and other bridges are set up to produce a completely different pattern of sound [Music] the twin half of the instrument also has 44 strings and still another Bridge setting [Music] still another evolution of an ancient idea is the kathara with 72 strings of equal length arranged in cards and with glass rods for playing higher tones the long resonators are necessary in producing good low tones [Music] the surrogate cathara has eight strings on each box and also uses glass rods [Music] [Applause] all right [Music] [Music] in performing the music that I wrote for Madeline turtle's film Windsong I played 10 different instruments after recording a few measures on one instrument I used headphones to listen to these while adding the sounds of a second instrument no more than four are used simultaneously the music in this case became an oral extension of the symbols of man and his fate oh [Music] [Music] all right foreign [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Music] foreign [Music] foreign [Music] [Laughter] [Music] [Music] thank you [Music] [Music] [Music] foreign [Music] goodness [Music] [Music] [Music] foreign [Music] thank you [Music] thank you [Music] [Music] thank you [Music] [Music] what's up [Music] [Music] foreign totally geeking out again um big fan of uh Harry parch um I used to do this uh kind of collaborative project AV Geeks came out of this collaborative project which is called buffalo fist where we would do uh kind of odd experimental music and noise similar to this and Harry parch was definitely one of our um one of our favorite uh musicians because he was so different and he was American and you know make his own instruments which is what we did or we would modify we had a piano that we like took off all the stuff and like prepared it with all sorts of things like plastic forks and Chopsticks and things like that and did similar types of experiments with music and sound and noise um just for our own Delights uh yeah Irene Moon also is a big fan of Harry parch um yeah he's definitely not pop music uh but it is a very interesting uh and influential uh musician uh somebody mentioned Frank Zappa was influenced by him and totally makes sense totally makes sense so yeah there's that film that's why I said yeah I'll take all 500 of your films is because I want that Harry Park no there's other reasons obviously but uh yeah um what do we got uh what do we got left um that bums me out man I I'm so sad that uh YouTube decided to knock me off of uh with the let's keep food safe to eat really just frustrating uh anyways uh here's a blueprint for educational graphics enjoy [Music] the South Carolina educational television network [Music] in cooperation with [Music] the fourth Armed Forces television conference presents [Music] a blueprint for educational graphics [Music] I'm Jerry teaman graphic arts director for the South Carolina educational television network in the brief moments that follow we would like to show you how Graphics are prepared as well as how they assist classroom teachers who receive our programming daily in every County in South Carolina let's begin with illustration illustrators are most effectively used in ETV to clarify difficult points our illustrators accomplish this daily by using designs cartoons and drawings each type illustration has its own particular use and is chosen accordingly the TV artist must be able to draw anything and draw it well keeping in mind at all times the particular needs of the television camera for example each drawing regardless of its size must be done in a three to four ratio and it is essential that the artists have a complete knowledge of the TV grayscale the illustrator has this command a variety of media including pen and ink brush and ink [Music] charcoal pencil prismacolor pencils ink wash pastel scratch board and opaques in an ideal situation the teacher and his director will confer with the illustrator on a given visual since this is not always possible oftentimes the artist will receive a visual request card with merely a word description of the item requested this is a challenge to the artist's Ingenuity and creativity [Music] the illustrator is mindful of the necessity of doing quality work for his work will naturally be compared with the creative advertising used in commercial television and other commercial media such as magazines [Music] he can easily keep tab on current trends through the use of our picture morgue which is essentially an idea Gathering or research area pictures are clipped from new as well as old magazines brochures documents and mounted on cards then categorized for easy reference [Music] authenticity is a byword for artists in the educational field because of the volume of work and ever-present deadlines our artists were forced to develop quick styles to cope with last-minute requests for example 20 of these visuals were produced for an English lesson by one illustrator in a single day [Music] however on a large scale project such as a Children's Program Series where hundreds of drawings are required teamwork is an absolute must since the drawings must be consistent an assembly line is set up with one artist doing the pre-planning on storyboards [Music] an illustrator producing the drawings an opaque are painting the figures and anchor outlining them and a background artist finishing the job [Music] the artist is called upon to design many different kinds of sets to meet the specific requirements of each course though the sets must be pleasing to the eye [Music] the most important requirement is that they be functional [Music] [Music] each lesson that is transmitted from the center has been closely coordinated with the classroom teachers in advance through the use of these lesson outline booklets the covers are designed by our artists again quality is essential because a poorly executed cover may suggest that the material inside is of the same quality a vast number of our drawings require lettering whether it be done by mechanical means or with a brush the art of hand lettering has taken on a brand new meaning at the South Carolina ETV Center our hand lettering specialist is so-called because the TV camera adds complications to an already difficult job iffy letters a drawing which is sensitive by Nature he must select a paint with just the right value that will not overpower the drawing in direct contrast to this however some lettering statements require that certain words or phrases be emphasized in addition to the finer points naturally he must be aware of the more obvious items such as speed the choice of a clear open alphabet and a lettering size that will be consistent with the TV minimum size lettering chart this quick concise method of visualization enables the teacher to present clearly a wealth of pre-printed materials without losing valuable time writing while in the middle of an explanation in the instance of a complex diagram it is to the advantage of the student to see the gradual step-by-step building of the visual which may be accomplished by the use of simple magnetic pop-ons the value of the black paper visual can best be illustrated by the fact that over 2 000 of these were produced for one course alone while the quick free and easy style of hand lettering is indispensable on large visuals it would become a laborious task to compete with a printed alphabet on the smaller ones for this reason we employ the use of special typewriters as well as hot Press Printing the simplest and fastest quality process available for titles and captions printing is a vital asset to the graphics department and as a result a printing request may be initiated from a variety of sources such as the Director of a program an animator or an illustrator each places its own particular Demand on the printer in this case the request is from the director of a medical series who wants to emphasize the spelling of a difficult word the printer chooses an alphabet from a variety of typefaces consisting of 26 Styles and 66 alphabets he then places the type in a self-centering palette which is inserted and locked in the head of the hot press the printer checks the thermostatic heat control for the desired temperature while the type is heating he makes a selection of printing foil and places it face down on the card to be printed the letters are then lowered applying heat and pressure to the foil thereby melding it into the cardboard [Music] a great portion of the requests are not always this simple however some require much thought and time [Music] such as these camera cards for an English program the type statements for a mathematics show special layouts for clarifying drawings and opening and closing title crawls many times the talents of the printers illustrators and photographers are combined to accomplish visual motion by the use of the cellomatic projector this essentially is a double-barreled overhead projector which casts two images on the screen simultaneously one superimposed over the other the unit is always positioned behind the set with the operator casting the images on the screen from there the cellomatic projection method is an efficient mode of manufacturing simple animations in a relatively short period of time the general procedure involves a detailed study of the action to take place [Music] followed by the necessary artwork which is then photographed and converted into four by five transparencies the negatives are transparencies are then placed in their pre-designated locations on the sellamat cards one set for the left panel one for the right and check for proper registration on the light box these completed cards are next placed in their appropriate positions on the cellomatic projector itself a good example of the use of the cellomatic is this visual from a trigonometry lesson explaining the measurement of angles the thalomatic projector is a Precision instrument for bringing specific points of interest to the student's attention at a given time during the teacher's presentation allowing all former areas of interest to become secondary the celematic is very effective in working with maps and charts although the salomatic projector is a wonderful instrument for simple animations for the more complicated problems of visualization it can't possibly compete with film animation Webster defines this word as the act of infusing life our animators have done just this with the center of life itself the heart after studying a complete script from a doctor who specializes in hard ailments the animator prepares a storyboard a series of drawings explaining each major movement to take place layouts are then prepared with every conceivable detail being outlined the artist prepare Finnish illustrations and special time saving devices commonly called Goldbergs are constructed by the animators detailed camera instructions are accomplished and the photographer places the completed artwork on the animation camera stand and begins shooting the end product is the 16 millimeter film you are now viewing another example of the animator's work is this sequence used for an Electronics series demonstrating the action of alternating current it is obvious that animators themselves must have a great deal of technical ability as well as creativity no television Graphics department is complete without a well-equipped photographic section the great bulk of the still photographer's time is spent in copying artwork Printing and photographs which are mounted on two by two slides [Music] these slides lend such an assist graphically that some programs have been produced entirely by slides using up to several hundred of them [Music] slides are frequently used for opening and closing credits such as these used in a philosophy series they are also used for other purposes such as these station identification slides for our Greenville open circuit station often the photographer is sent outside the studio to procure research photographs these include rare documents items in museums and valuable paintings that cannot otherwise be removed from their permanent surroundings other assignments might take him to the location of a transformer substation for an electronic series an historical landmark for a lesson in South Carolina history or to the site of a modern steam turbine for the science series in addition to this the photographer assists the selematic artist and animator with 4x5 and 8x10 transparencies the photographic Department also makes many 8x10 photographs which are cataloged and used for various purposes when action is important the motion picture camera is the answer and has provided educational television with still another marvelous tool for graphics its continued use in the educational field can hardly be overemphasized for it brings people objects and places normally found outside the studio directly into the classroom such as in this instance a hospital for a series of programs designed for in-service training of nurses Upon returning to the studio the film director supervises the editing of the film which is an art in itself getting in the right movements at the right moment making it possible to tell a complete story in a very short period of time a perfect example of this man's work is that over 90 percent of the program you are now viewing is a product of Motion Picture photography [Music] anyone faced with the decision of embarking on a graphic arts program in support of television must realize the television treats Graphics as it treats comedians it devours their materials for example in the past 15 minutes you have seen a total of over 150 visuals as we learn more about the use of television and education it is evident that the demand for supporting materials will grow and grow after all television is a visual medium [Music] blueprint for educational graphics the presentation of the South Carolina educational television network [Music] thank you all right [Music] I love that uh last week I was just talking about how beautiful I thought the animation of little particles in uh blood or in the lungs how that animation I just love it it really resonates especially from the early 20th century and they showed you how we how they did it it's so great I did not pick this because it had that content and it just randomly had it I love putting stuff out in the universe and then it kind of bounces back and you're like wow that's really cool um boy I geeked out this today um showed a lot of stuff that I hope tickled your brain in some way even if it wasn't your like total cup of tea and of course the one thing that I you know fall back to the normal stuff of just a regular educational film uh you know YouTube uh brought up their hammer and smacked me on the head with it and it's I guarantee you it's either uh Shout Factory claiming something from Mystery Science Theater or I don't know it's it's very frustrating because they don't own the rights to that and then I have to like fight it but it just interrupts the Stream So anyways it's the constant pain of a Navy geek um and sharing stuff with you but I appreciate doing it and it means a lot for me to share stuff with you it's kind of why we collect we collect so that we can show it um we don't collect so we can keep it private we want to show it and put it out in the world and we I literally showed two films that showed up on Saturday uh so there you go that's how that's how quick the turnaround is and sometimes it's like it shows up that day and I'm like oh I'm gonna show this anyways if you like what we're doing hit the thumbs up hit the like button uh you can donate via the super thanks button you can also go to KO Dash fi.com AV Geeks and donate there uh that or go to patreon.com avgeeks those are ways that we get cash and that cash goes to paying for more shelving units that we in a new uh storage unit that I had to rent on Friday after my dental thing so we have now four off-site storage units and the idea is that we're gonna start clearing out the basement here at the archive and work on plans to expand it and maybe and then also like climate control it and make it a real decent place for films to be stored and not a convenient place for things to be sure so that money goes towards all those little things so thank you for your support you can also just watch other films that we have on uh YouTube that are monetized and we get pennies when you watch them but it adds up and so thank you again for tuning in we'll be back again tomorrow because that's what we do we watch films and then we come back the next day and watch more films and then we come back the next day and watch more films take care everybody it's great to see everybody in the comments we'll see you soon bye