AV Geeks 16mm Lunch 9-13-2022

do do so so so so so so do do hi everybody i'm skip alzheimer welcome to the av geeks lunchtime streaming show where we watch old 16 millimeter films and delight in what we see that was a home movie that featured some glorious homecoming parade footage uh man those floats are so good um and then that little pocket cadet at the end [Music] anyways all right speaking of little kids uh in um in weapons of mass destruction uh i have a film set up here on the scanner and uh it is not today's newspaper it is called discipline and self-control and it looks like it might be part of a series that i have another film uh called first friends but man it starts off with a bang it is awesome um so hopefully the rest of the film will be good but uh this is it's footage of young kids in a daycare situation and it's like a nature film it's so good all right anyways here's discipline and self-control enjoy all right [Music] me [Music] in head start schools or wherever young children are together there are discipline problems there are no fixed rules for dealing with them the key to discipline is the teeter and the kind of person she is a good teacher doesn't put up with everything but she doesn't suppress children's strong feelings and she is not infuriated by misbehavior [Music] she is firm without being harsh gentle without being weak she responds to children without waiting for crises [Applause] she takes time to listen to talk to laugh with children because she likes children and to them seriously they listen to her first his own check she establishes trust such warmth and respect prevent discipline problems the successful teacher either bossy nor weak she is a friendly grown-up clearly in charge children thrive on respect and approval whenever they can teachers give warm sincere praise oh that's lovely to me i like the way you did that oh i like that you did it didn't you i didn't tell you you did it teachers don't demand instant obedience they are patient and free with a friendly touch children feel good about themselves when the teachers let them help [Music] next to their parents teachers are the most important adults in the children's lives teachers set examples in manner and in manners if the teacher says please and thank you the children will pick it up laura can i please have that purple crayon i said would you pass the basket over to janine please may i have it thank you such an example of good manners better than an impolite demand for i thought i told you to say please if teachers shove materials around roughly children may do the same thing instead they can learn to take good care of equipment these go over here [Music] because when you put them in the box you have to put them in very gently you have to be very careful oh wonderful i knew you could do that all right now she's going to put the drum in to be the right kind of person the teacher must organize her program in this room the teachers have set things up in advance so that everything is under control when the children arrive the teachers are free to welcome and help them become teachers plan interesting programs they know that boredom causes discipline one kind of activity like doll play is balanced by another type like woodwork [Music] quietly is balanced by active outdoor play where children can use different muscles be vigorous indoor play but a good program and good materials don't prevent discipline troubles by themselves thoughtful supervision is essential the head teacher sees to it that there are always grown-ups where they are needed herself or a mother or teenage volunteer would you mind taking eric and change his pants because he spilled some water okay take him into the hallway and find a pair of parents or another teacher [Music] teachers of young children cannot supervise from the sidelines they must be warmly involved with children but alert to what is going on all around if there are duplicate toys there will be fewer quarrels over possessions teachers let children know what's coming until it next between the seven and the eight all right and then i'll come over and tell you okay same tracy in about five minutes we're gonna put the toys away so would you please finish up what you're doing there's no hurry but think about finishing teachers avoid trouble if they see that children don't get in each other's way these trains keep to a track around the chair [Music] good supervision includes letting children know the rules clearly and simply and if necessary over and over honey goes over there maybe you could pick all those aprons up the teacher must decide what is safe well she can jump from right there she doesn't have to climb up that's too hot she establishes rules about where wheel toys may go eddie you forgot where the road was we said that it was this way do you remember the highway is all around the black line the rules about taking turns oh wait just a minute wait a minute now wait gene had it first so please give it back give it to gene as jean's turn now and you use some of these other things and after you have it a little while then i want you to let portland use it all right and the rules about using water let me say something to you keep the water in the container well we'll wipe it off here's your sponge and i want you to keep the water in the container make it go in the cup or on people stay at the table all these rules help establish the atmosphere of order that children can depend need to stay at on table during juice time kim come back and sit down even room arrangement can lead either to trouble or to good discipline at first this looks like a good arrangement there are distinct areas for different activities the huge gymnasium is divided by a wall of clothes cubbies but it turns out that the wall invites escape to the far side where the children vanish from view they slip out into the hall and could even leave the building a separate painting room causes more trouble when the teacher is here she cannot watch any of the other activities the corner for instance often goes unsupervised for a considerable period the children's play can become increasingly disorganized and even potentially dangerous two days later the teachers have changed their room arrangement the equipment has been moved to the sunny half of the gym cubbies are against the wall and the easels have been moved in from the other room now that the real attractions are together at one end of this room the children naturally flock where the teachers can help them [Applause] [Applause] but even with the best planning troubles do arise [Music] how does the teacher deal with them i know how you feel but i can't let you hit him no he stops forbidden behavior but accepts the child's feelings well it's hard but you can't do it sneaking off with another boy's toy leads to resentment and trouble here it is steven you don't have to hit him you can tell him the teacher stops the fight then makes clear the rule about grabbing without saying you just took it right away from him stephen and you know brian is willing to give it to you you can ask him but you just can't come and pull things from people but because she doesn't disgrace or punish the boy he can move on without resentment do you want to go over and play with the boys no no all right but you don't go and pull things from people [Music] she helps him change the subject do you think it needs closing do you think the window needs closing is it warming or cold in here is it cold all right well then put both hands one hand a teacher may have to grab a child on the loose but she does not scroll angrily as she settles him down [Music] she talks to him when he is no longer too upset to her she does not hesitate to remove bodily a misbehaving child but she doesn't resort to punishment the teacher cannot allow this child to leave the room [Music] after he has calmed down she will stress the room now she knows it's more important to change his angry mood with this boy she uses a light touch a suggestion of new activities but good discipline does not mean being harsh an easy mistake to fall into is rigid discipline now i want you to stand in line just like that now and don't take your hand off the shoulder of the one in front of you a severe teacher can force small children to obey but this only forces troubles underground put your hand where it belongs anthony it does not teach self-control it teaches children to hate school and teachers what is this book doing on the floor you're a bad girl you know you didn't pick up that book because young children who are frightened if the teacher lays down the law as a friend not an enemy a child can really hear what she is saying she can maintain order and discipline without being harmed but sympathy and avoiding punishment do not mean that anything goes teachers should not be lacks or permissive if the teacher is passive or can't decide what to do the result is disorder and chaos here the teacher tries to keep this boy from moving in on the girls painting but because inexperience causes her to be too gentle and too hesitant he doesn't pay attention and keeps right on [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Music] sometimes a very troubled child like eddie who cannot control himself needs one adult with him constantly [Applause] [Music] this is costly in staff time but it may be necessary for a while back [Applause] [Applause] the teacher makes it absolutely clear that he may not attack her i have to hold your hands because you're trying to hit me are you ready talk about it a little yeah but i can't let you hit me we could go back over at the blocks and maybe get the truck michael was waiting for you over there he's got the derrick ellis he's dead no i you know eddie maybe it's better if you boys look a little bit more apart i think it's a little easier because we don't wet it's because you wet him he wet you i know my mommy i knew but i think you know she knows it will take weeks and months for all this to sink in and become self-control stay in your hand right over here john and eddie will work right here can you boys work together like this or do we need to move the pans can you work like that and first do you need a little more water darren is that what's wrong well you could take this and you could go over and get just a little more water eddie this where there are several children like this in a group extra teachers or volunteers will be needed this is charles [Music] he is another child who requires special attention [Applause] though he is not as troubled as eddie his energy impulsiveness and his suspicion make him a handful [Music] sometimes he is rough with equipment [Music] somewhere he teases [Music] often he is restless he strikes out he tests and evades the teachers i need i need to pick these up because we're gonna make some scrambled eggs uh-huh i'll show you where they go right here i need a helper putting the blocks away don't don't kick it when she's honest she'll get hurt let's fix it over here where it belongs give me a helping hand why because you might fall and i don't want you to get hurt charles listen i want you out of here all together either way you know what these the teachers must pay special attention to charles while trying to keep their tempers now we have looked at groups and individuals and we have seen the separate elements of discipline but the teacher does not pull out tricks of discipline one by one she has to fit them into all that she is doing and charles is not all by himself the teacher copes with him and the group charles is going to take care of the paint you can't take care of the eggs you take care of the paper towel all right it might have sounded like that good for you gordon what i know i'll do it he knows how to do it he likes to do it his way he looks at it and he feels it he'll move and he puts it back now turn last one but you can wait you're pretty good at it now it's charles turn wow it went in a hurry didn't it charles [Music] very good thank you there's the place for it whose turn is it next i tell you what she has a paper towel she might give you a piece and you could wipe your hands off let her give it to you thank you renee there's a way charles begins to settle down as the teacher puts him into the middle of the activity you following me you too thank you that was very good it is hot yes [Music] take the toast out of the dish through many experiences like these charles realizes that the teachers value him that they recognize his rights too that he need not always escape or fight now he accepts the teacher and the rules and the other children more trustingly it's a ballet song and you can dance or you can watch over here with me i have to find the fourth song [Music] now charles enters more fully into the group's activities with friendly firm discipline he has become a steadier person out of such discipline comes self-control charles is beginning to take over for himself [Music] [Music] [Music] jesus [Music] [Music] that was that was really something um yeah i need to look and see what that other film is called first friends has the same vibe to it uh and i think it's the same age kids that one i think was in connecticut potentially um but it's the same thing just kids like free-range kids kids going nuts uh pushing boundaries all that just really really something um so thanks for watching that uh the next film we're gonna watch is far more controlled it is what is art enjoy [Music] [Applause] [Music] do [Music] art is made of a number of things of things that are dark of things that are light of surfaces rough [Music] and surfaces smooth [Music] a form [Music] of line [Music] and of color art is made of color of colors bright and colors dull of colors light and colors dark [Music] [Applause] [Music] art is made of things that are light [Music] and of things that are dark [Music] and of all the steps that come between [Music] so [Music] art is made of surfaces smooth [Music] and surfaces rough [Music] [Music] art is made of lines [Music] of lines that are straight of lines that are curved of lines that are jagged of lines that are thin of lines that are thick [Music] art is made of forms of forms that are weak [Music] of forms that are strong [Music] of forms of all kinds and shapes [Music] yes art is made of a number of things a form [Music] outline [Music] of things that are dark of things that are light [Music] of things that are smooth of things that are rough [Music] and of color [Music] all right so there was a little bit of chaos in there but it was okay all right we're kids like like knocking down things and all that so a little bit of relaxing okay uh what do we let's see we have so many films to choose from here um trying to add up the time hey let's watch uh this film about south africa um specifically pottery on the gold coast [Music] this is one of a series of films about africa and shows something of the way of life of the people of the gold coast pottery making is one of the oldest crafts known to mankind indeed remains of prehistoric pottery tell us much of what we know about bygone civilizations in africa this ancient craft has been practiced for thousands of years now as a result of experiments made at echi motor college this government training center has been set up at a larger in the gold coast colony to bring to africans some of the skill and methods developed by potters in other countries clay is the all-essential raw material before use it is weathered by exposure to the elements to bring about physical and chemical changes which make it more suitable for manipulation there are many different kinds of clay and the qualities of every deposit must be carefully studied to avoid difficulties in shaping and firing from the pits the weathered clay is taken to dumps to be mixed with water and go through various processes to make it easily workable one of the most important of these processes is a kind of kneading or pugging as the potters call it this is done by a pug mill in which spiral revolving blades knead the clay into a massive uniform texture damp but firmly compressed it is now ready for the potters first the clay is wedged the object is to remove air pockets and any irregularities of texture which would cause defects when the finished article is fired a brass wire is used to cut the mess roughly in half then one half is smashed firmly down on the other this is repeated several times till the clay is ready for use next the clay in balls of the right uniform weight for the job in hand goes to the potter who literally throws the ball of clay onto the dead center of a rotating wheel hence this is called throwing the speed of the wheel is regulated to suit the type of work the potter's tools are his fingers and thumbs his work is an art which he acquires through long practice originating in asia in the distant past the potter's wheel was unknown in many parts of africa until recently this age-old method is still the most universal basis of all good pottery making when the desired shape is achieved in this case a plate the potter draws a brass wire across the surface of the wheel and removes the plate which is set aside to dry when it has dried to a state known as leather hard or green hard it is replaced upside down on the wheel or put onto a special lathe and finished with variously shaped steel tools this brings it down to the exact size desired and gives it a smooth surface all over the process is known as turning and is used when a fairly highly finished article is required the potter's work is now finished if the plate passes inspection and is satisfactory it is stamped and is then ready for glazing and firing when primitive man discovered that from moistened clay he could make vessels in which to cook and store his food he made a big step forward planned housekeeping took the place of hand-to-mouth living and he began to think in terms of a permanent home here from a lump of clay you will see a thing of beauty grow before your eyes the scene needs only one explanation the metal bar extending from the stand on the left of the screen is there to control the maximum girth the process is the same as for plate making but the degree of skill is greater manpower turns the potter's wheel this most pottery is highly porous and especially that made from earthenware clays so to make it whole liquids a coating of glaze must be applied this also imparts smoothness making the wire easier to clean next the articles are baked in a kiln at temperatures ranging up to 700 degrees or even higher some kinds are fired before and after glazing when the kiln has cooled it is opened with the high temperatures used cooling takes about three days looks like the splice broke ah so um i was wrong that was not south africa that was the gold coast in africa um and the ministry of information i'm not sure which who was that was ministry of information was that british because gold coast was a british colony yeah i'm not sure um but what i am sure of is the next film we're going to watch is common fallacies about group differences and this film came out i want to say in the 50s early 50s and this is really trying to address a post-war issue that they knew uh which was that there was still racism there was still the country was still divided um based on different things politics religion all these things and they knew that that's what led to fascist uh government because they had just defeated them and so this film is trying to figure out a way to address those uh it's called common fallacies about group group different differences and it's it's pretty great it's something that i i think there should be a contemporary version of this so here is ah here's the film enjoy [Music] in the drowsy days between summer session and fall term the college campus seems to fall asleep even those who are not away are usually thinking more of play than of study [Music] but the love of learning that animates the classroom is never really absent even when the room is temporarily taken over by the painters and plasterers wherever two or three are gathered together there you will find the play of man's restless intellect among the great ideas listen any american can beat any ten frenchmen trouble with the french races they're all too excitable it's in their blood you know the latin temple and i don't know my sister's married to one oh no that's absolutely wrong oh yeah what's wrong what's wrong everything hey there is no french race b there is no latin temperament c the people who speak the latin languages are neither all excitable nor all anything d behavior is not simply a matter of heredity e heredity is not in the blood if the fact that you happen to know one specimen of anything is no evidence that other specimens are the same [Music] please remain where you are i'll explain may i have your attention here at the board again to begin with there is no french race as a matter of fact it's not easy to state just what a race is the most widely accepted modern definition says it is a group of people with certain physical traits in common based on a common heredity the question is which traits [Music] once upon a time the answer seemed obvious skin color today we know this classification doesn't work at all because skin coloring may shade off continuously from light to dark within a single biological group so that there was no point at which we could say one race ended and another began as a result many individuals didn't have the right coloring to go with their alleged race for example you could find plenty of members of the so-called brown ravers of the so-called white race and so on so you see classification of man into five races based on skin color wasn't at all satisfactory in attempting to find a better classification [Music] modern anthropologists have turned to more reliable traits such as bodybuild cephalic index nasal index facial structure eye color color and texture of the hair one racial classification based on such traits and widely used today lists three major races caucasian and negroid plus a doubtful category for those that don't seem to fit anywhere else these are further divided into 15 sub races but even with this classification we run into difficulty which we can see by considering the characteristics of three of the sub races within the caucasian group we know of course which traits are supposed to belong to each of these sub races the alpine characteristically has a broad head medium stature and brown hair the mediterranean a narrow head medium to short stature and dark brown or black hair the nordic has a narrow head tall stature and blonde hair however the more we study these things the less simple they become these various traits refuse to stay put for example we find individuals with the short stocky body of the mediterranean the round skull of the alpine and the blonde hair coloring of the nordic nature apparently unimpressed by our earnest efforts of classification create such wrong combinations by the millions in every part of the world [Music] the biological concept of race gentlemen cannot be applied to individuals as simply as is popularly believed [Applause] [Music] but no matter what classification you apply if the word race means an inherited physical type then almost every existing nation would include not just one race but many races the french nation for example includes nordics alpines and mediterraneans the percentage is varying as you move from one part of the country to another in short a nation is not a race there is no such thing as the french race any more than there is an english race german race or american race [Applause] neither is there any such thing as a specific latin temperament [Music] [Applause] the word latin refers only to a group of languages spoken by various countries whose populations may or may not resemble each other in other ways actually a sampling of the peoples who speak the latin tongues would turn up a very wide range of behavior patterns differing sharply from nation to nation such a sampling would have to include not only the people of france but also of romania spain italy portugal south and central america mexico and cuba people in all these countries speak the latin languages yet their behavior differs widely from country to country therefore all people who speak the latin tongues are not all excitable nor all anything and now for the major fallacy the belief that group differences in behavior are the result of heredity down through the ages people have more or less taken it for granted that a japanese child for example inherits his distinctive behavior his gestures his manners his attitudes toward life just as he inherits the color of his eyes and the shape of his nose this belief which has had an important and sometimes an unfortunate influence on human relations was not confined to the uneducated english literature including the best of shakespeare is full of references to english blood and noble ancestry as supposedly decisive factors in determining noble behavior now let's look at the scientific evidence in modern times many hundreds of careful studies have been made to test this theory that group differences in behavior are hereditary yet in all the books and articles that have been published describing these studies to date not one shred of positive evidence in favor of the theory has ever been reported on the contrary a great deal of evidence is accumulated which shows that people acquire their behavior as they acquire their speech from the culture they grow up in it isn't easy to carry out scientific experiments in the field of group differences [Music] as a rule the most we can do is to study and observe as this anthropologist is doing with a group of south sea island children however an experiment of sorts was made quite unintentionally but on an enormous scale in the 18th and 19th centuries a large number of west africans was forcibly uprooted from their own culture and sat down 3 000 miles away in a totally different culture some of the folkways these african tribesmen brought with them have persisted influencing our culture in various ways [Music] but despite many factors tending to perpetuate the african group as a group a number of their descendants are today indistinguishable from americans of other stocks except by their physical appearance obviously these people would be no more at home in an african village than their tribal ancestors would have been in an operating room in short so far as we can tell now group differences in behavior are the result of learning not heredity [Applause] and of course biologists today know that the physical traits that distinguish one race from another are not transmitted by the blood but by the genes [Applause] many fallacies about group differences can be traced to the bad habit of generalizing from selected cases this young man notices how excitable his french brother-in-law is but conveniently forgets the millions of french people he's never met the behavior of isolated cases should not be over generalized to represent the behavior of a group [Applause] i just a moment young man i have a feeling there was one more fallacy in your statement all i said was one american can beat 10 frenchmen at what but anything baseball ah yes that was it thank you the fallacy of the ethnocentered criterion which well let me put it this way would you care to bet a week's pay you could beat 10 frenchmen at uh let us say fencing you see bill a skill typical of one culture is not a proper yardstick for general comparisons between cultures [Applause] now then let's take another look at these fallacies we've been discussing a a nation is not a race for any nation includes many inherited physical types b there is no such thing as a latin temperament for the behavior of the people in the various latin speaking countries varies widely from country to country see people who speak these latin tongues are never all excitable or all anything nor are the members of any group d group differences in behavior are the results of learning not heredity e hereditary traits are transmitted not by the blood but by the genes if the behavior of isolated cases should not be over generalized to represent the behavior of everyone in a group and finally a skill typical of one culture is never a proper yardstick for general comparisons between cultures now let me leave you with just one more thought many popular notions about races heredity and group differences are completely wrong when they are not completely meaningless but the trouble is when it comes to human relations most of us tend to cherish beliefs and ignore facts [Applause] i don't care what the guy said i still say one american can lick any ten frenchmen see what i mean [Music] wow that um show that and uh the film despotism just you're gonna go on tick-tock you gotta watch these two videos first you're gonna go on youtube you're gonna comment you gotta watch you gotta sign off that you've watched these two things first holy cow so good i mean it certainly there's some dated stuff in there but the uh people cherish beliefs and ignore the facts oh my gosh i mean teaching fallacies logic fallacies especially that's lost man that should be required you can't get your diploma your high school diploma unless you learn you know all the logic fallacies because they are used all the time fallacies all the time um but man phenomenal thanks for joining us today was all over the place wasn't it i love it um if you like what you saw buy some coffee go to ko-fi.com av geeks buy some delicious brain bean juice bean brain juice and that's what i should call it that's how we get our caffeine here at av geeks you can also donate at patreon dot com slash heavy geeks and also we have a 24 7 channel you can go to avgeeks.com and see it but at the very least just hit that like button um hit that thumbs up button smash that subscribe button the notification bell all those things those those weird things um to say hey we like what av geeks are doing and we would like to continue seeing it and we would like other people to continue seeing it thanks again for tuning in everybody have a great rest of the day um be aware that the 919 rewind devil is out there um and um so we will see you tomorrow take care bye you