AV Geeks 16mm Lunch 9-12-2022

so so so so um [Music] foreign [Music] so so so oh boy we are starting off with a bang sorry um start off with a mic on and then other stuff happens and then i disappear and then this thing happens and blah blah blah anyways i had a good weekend in spite of what it seems like um and i hope everybody had a good weekend uh i'm skip alzheimer and this is the av geeks lunchtime streaming show where we normally are on it normally like boom um but for some reason i got distracted and i was in another room uh trying to set up uh something anywho uh behind me i have a scanner set up we have a film on there and we're gonna watch it this is today's newspaper enjoy which actually means it's yesterday's newspaper well yesteryear's newspaper all right enjoy editorial yes just a minute please jerry it's for you line two time relentless fleeting has forever challenged the world of journalism today in the technological 70s the race with deadlines has become more costly increasingly competitive and far more sophisticated the name of the game is to move the news whether it's source be local national worldwide or from the far reaches of space and there's plenty of it a daily metropolitan newspaper has room for only the most pertinent wire service reports and electronic picture transmissions these are carefully selected by the editors but it's the local stories and editorials that best express a newspaper's personality the editor responsible for reflecting an individual paper's policies and point of view is often influenced by concerned readers who write in with their opinions rather than opinion it's careful objectivity that counts for the dedicated staff reporters well i got the airport store the noise and the article with it what uh what do you got here in the art part of the woman and boy wearing earphones to protect them from noise and the demolition of the house okay it looks pretty good let me take a look at it i've been in newspaper work news cameron for about 15 years and the challenge and the variety is the best thing in the job i don't think there's any place that you can get as much satisfaction out of doing a job as in photojournalism in my opinion it's one of the most satisfying jobs on the paper for the most part we're all frustrated athletes in one way or another i think we started out probably playing sports in school well i've tried my hand at news also and uh i enjoy sports more because it it's a bright spot in life it's one of the advantages of being a sports writer is that you get to see all types of sports you have to continually build contacts within a team and within a sport you have to keep talking to people get a feeling for the sport in the people section we're dealing with the most intimate aspect of our readers lives things like clothing food shelter the way they live how they conduct their lives there's been a tremendous change in sections like this during the past few years those of us in this area of the newspaper find our work extremely exciting we try to show people as they're living we try to bring them to life in our pages i started out working on a small rural newspaper i've also reported police news and financial news now i'm developing feature stories for the sunday supplement and i also do in-depth stories for the daily editions i like feature writing because it it involves so many facets of journalism i've got a story here for sunday page one about some young lawyers in the area that like to use sunday pictures right i've seen it a city editor passed it yesterday and i gave to the sunday editor to see if he could come up with something in the way of a page one layout for the weekend uh he gave me an idea here which looks pretty good we do have three pieces of art here with it separated by the type and we still have the color keys right and we've got a head up here young lawyers okay that that looks good don't you take care of it for us good enough [Music] whatever the assignment timing is the prime consideration to meet the deadlines of the various editions and prior to press time there's plenty of action around the rim of the copy desk news copy is corrected heads are written and approved and the story identified on the makeup dummy makeup dummies or layout pages are prepared not only by the news editor and the copy desk but by the specialized departments as well to ensure proper balance in page layout separate advertising dummies are prepared ahead of time well when the coffee comes down from upstairs we the teletype setters who receive it and we punch it they call us the tts operators around the plant today with all emphasis on speed and efficiency instead of hammering away a celina type keyboard it is our job to prepare punch tapes that operate lead typesetters automatically [Applause] it's strange going through the composing room these days without seeing operators but the line-of-type machines and some people get the idea that the operators have been replaced by just pieces of tape but they forget that someone somewhere had to punch these tapes and it was probably me [Applause] [Music] in a modern type setting operation liner type attendants now only change the coded punched tape and periodically remove columns of finished type for proofing the rest of the job is automatic [Applause] the punched paper tapes instruct the liner type machines to justify column width and set lead in the proper type style and size whether it be news copy or is in this case small type for a classified advertising column [Applause] thank you ma'am let me read this back to you poodle toy men adorable silver males 35 in a modern newspapers classified department the handling of day-to-day accounts must be automated to the greatest degree possible for here too deadlines must be constantly met and lived with local and chain merchants manufacturers and service companies take their wares and services into the homes of newspaper readers by means of display advertising either in the daily additions or special supplements although there is a premium price for color many newspaper advertisers are sold on it from the standpoint of high initial impact on the reader an advertiser buyspace in today's newspaper not only because of its skilled and experienced creative staff but because of its area of influence the national and retail advertising salesman sells the readership of roughly three times the circulation figure a little darker down here on the shoulders maybe just a little lighter you know some of these shadows out of here other than if it's no complaints fine [Applause] here in the pasteup department we begin the actual production of display advertisements for the heads as well as body copy type we use a line of film machine to punch up the programmed tape this tape is then fed into a photographic processing machine that produces cold type on photographic paper for pay stub the size of the finished display ad characters are determined by an enlarging or reducing lens which works in conjunction with the various type style grids you know when we think back to the days of hand setting lead type there's just no comparison considering that equipment can now set cold type at the rate of around 1 000 characters a minute processing of the photographic paper with the composed letters on it is just a matter of seconds [Applause] after we paste up the display art heads and copy blocks all that's left to do is run a proof for the customer following client approval the display ad goes to the photo engraving department to be made into zinc plates the process begins with the copycat used for advertising art and news photos alike fixed to the camera platinum news photographs and advertising art are normally screened at 85 lines per inch to produce a half tone the negative from the camera has rapidly processed and placed against a zinc plate a strong arc lamp is used to burn the image of the negative onto the plate's photosensitive surface all that's left is the chemical processing and the zinc plate is complete ready for trimming under magnification the screening process that breaks the picture up into a series of dots is plainly visible the proximity of the raised dots on the metal plate give the printed art and photographs their gradations now the news photos composed story type and display ads come together for the first time in the chase but the newspaper page is still two steps away from press time [Music] using a fiber-like material called a mat a mold is made of type and plates mat is covered with a blanket of cork with a sheet of steel and sent through the molder under high pressure [Music] the finished matrix is an exact reproduction of the composed page after curve forming the matrix molten lead is poured to make a cast [Music] [Applause] each of the resulting curved lead plates weighs about 40 pounds when trimmed the finished cast called a stereo plate is now ready for the letterpress cylinder as press time nears the printers make final adjustment on the stereo printing plate ensuring that they are positioned so that the newspaper is organized properly by sections each day depending on number of pages and format a newsprint is threaded through the letter press in a different manner pressman called this positioning of paper leading the web [Music] this three-story high-speed letter press has eight units each capable of handling 16 pages and can print over 60 000 papers per hour some of the largest metropolitan dailies have presses over half a block long depending on size and number of cylinder units some newspaper letter presses are capable of printing well over half a million papers per hour the master controls are located at the center of the press here also is where the printed paper is pulled and cut sent by conveyors to the wrapping and distribution area i can tell you that one of these monster presses and this type will use a lot of paper in the course of the day and we can load three rolls at a time our pasters are semi-automatic and they can be changed to cold press fade our rolls weigh about 1800 pounds and they're 60 inches wide and 40 inches in diameter we use about 60 rolls a day it's a lot of paper to shove into the press in the course of the day colored paper though more costly is used by many newspapers to designate different editions and colored ink is used with increasing frequency for attention-getting headlines and advertisements while a press run may last only from two to three hours several additions may have to be completed in that time at last the race for the clock is coming to an end finnish newspaper is ready for the customer papers readers are interested in content quality and timelessness few of them are aware of the technological and human resources harnessed to meet the hour-by-hour deadlines to the newspaper's publisher and to the key management people around him that are the decision makers the business of meeting deadlines on a 24-hour a day seven day a week basis can cost large sums of money but money isn't the only concern of publishing executives changing technology has made great strides in recent years forcing new types of decision making on newspaper management one publishing advancement is the acceptance of the offset printing process with the offset press newspapers gain the advantage of improved definition superior color capability far cleaner operation and above all faster compositing time the composing room in a modern offset newspaper is startling in its different appearance gone are the row after row of linotypes chases turtles lead type cases and other heavy mechanical equipment former hot type personnel have made an easy transition to photo composition learning a vast array of new skills news stories when they come to the new offset composing room have already been punched on paper tape by a tts operator the tape has been coded for type size and style location in the newspaper and column width has been justified by digital computer inside the automatic compositor a lightning fast photographic type drum spins and exposes each letter in proper sequence at the fast rate of 28 lines of copy per minute once the story is recorded on photosensitized paper in a cassette it's placed in a developer unit seconds later the cop is ready for proofing and paste up other composing room workers operate similar automated equipment that produces story heads display ad type and headline copy a makeup dummy the same as used in a letterpress newspaper indicates proper placement of copy and overall page format with photocopy ready the paste up man can go to work in the form of screen contact prints news pictures and display ads come directly from the coffee camera and are ready for pasting photo engraving is a thing of the past here next a page size photographic negative of the pay stop is made and offset printing plates are prepared in some newspaper plants fully automated equipment is now capable of punching and diazo coating these aluminum sheets at the rate of 100 per hour the negatives are placed on top of the light-sensitized plates and two at a time they're fed into an automatic plate processing machine [Applause] first a timed exposure through the negative to the diazo coated aluminum [Music] [Applause] second the negatives are separated from the plates and returned to the start of the cycle for storage and future use next the automatic developing cycle takes over followed by a rinse [Applause] a gum arabic solution is applied to the unetched surface of each plate this step allows the ink of the offset press to adhere only to the plate's high image surface the processing is complete [Applause] all that remains is to crimp the plate ends and attach to the offset pressed cylinders the final product from the new plate making room a printing plate finer than any heavy lead stereo plate and of a quality that rivals rotograpure press speed is obtained very rapidly with offset and the machinery is more precise than letterpress the offset press is relatively new to a large number of newspapers but the importance of the process is growing the press room itself is cleaner gone is the familiar ink fog hanging over the production areas of many newspapers in elementary terms offset means just that the paper never touches the aluminum printing plate the ink goes from the plate to a blanket roller which in turn transfers it to the newsprint a water solution keeps clean all those areas of the plate not requiring ink one of the big advantages of the offset system as far as the printing press itself is concerned is the plate registration and the superior color quality that results with this capability there's an added advantage of being able to produce commercial and special supplement work during normal press downtime [Applause] [Applause] this been is the culmination of recent technological progress in the newspaper business a finished product of unquestionably high quality for offset has proven itself as a practical way to publish a better newspaper [Applause] [Music] [Applause] i feel a little bit more grounded um gave me some time to kind of relax kind of see what was going on so it was flipped upside down because uh if you watched on friday i was trying to show a bunch of these snipes 35 millimeter snipes and some of them were backwards or upside down and so i was trying to compensate go forward on a reel and then go backwards on a reel but that and i that in doing that that messed everything up so yikes um [Music] let's learn about the scientific method i don't know if have we watched this film i i don't see it in my uh my list but let me i'm gonna look one more time so i have a list of all the films that we've shown and um i'll share it in the links um in the comments and this is a place you can go and look and see everything that we've shown uh we haven't seen it abundant you universe thank you all right well here's scientific method enjoy once in modern times what is we know that a scientist gains knowledge through observation of physical facts he employs many devices from the microscope to the atom smasher to look at physical objects and events he works with intricate measuring and counting he makes use of any number of experimental techniques but all of these are merely aids to observation most think about what he sees to reason a problem through from observed facts to observable results to find out how a scientist thinks through a problem let's consider an example from modern medicine medical science today owes much to one of the great scientific achievements of recent times the discovery of penicillin a wonder drug now saving thousands of lives this is penicillin a powerful destroyer of deadly bacteria that is produced from an ordinary mold until a few years ago penicillin was unknown the discovery was a remarkable achievement of the scientific method it began in the year 1928 in london in the laboratory of dr alexander fleming a british bacteriologist for a number of years fleming had been seeking a drug that would destroy types of bacteria that cause infection just now he was growing a number of colonies of these infectious bacteria for his experiments scientists call these growths bacterial cultures this day he found that one of his bacterial cultures had become polluted a spot of mold had developed in the dish spoiling the culture dr fleming was about to throw the polluted dish away when something stopped him he noticed that around the mold there was a ring of clear jelly free of bacteria examining the jelly more closely he began to wonder if something in the mold was killing the bacteria was it possible that here was a substance that could be used to prevent infection this was a question worth investigating i say gentlemen here's something interesting take a look at this dish of this oh yes it's got a bit moldy hasn't it that's too bad but after all it happens all the time no take a closer look you notice anything odd why why see that ring why why yes it's clear isn't it right i'd say something in that mold is destroying these staffs in that dish that is interesting what do you make of it i don't know i think it's worth looking into it looks good very good well i say do you think perhaps there's something there we ought to follow up and perhaps and perhaps gentlemen we've got a drug that will destroy infectious bacteria but before we know we've got work to do come here dr fleming and his assistants undertook a number of experiments to test his idea that the mold might be a weapon against disease first they introduced the mold infested broth into other cultures of bacteria later they found that in many of these cultures too the bacteria were destroyed but dr fleming wondered if bacteria might it not also be harmful to living tissues to determine this they injected the drug into animals they found that the animals were not harmed by the drug then mixing it with human blood dr fleming determined that it did not harm the germling cells in the bloodstream dr fleming reached the conclusion that he had found a drug that would destroy bacteria and that some evidence indicated would not harm human tissues he published a paper describing his experiments but this was only the beginning ten years later another british scientist dr howard flory conducted a number of experiments to verify fleming's findings and then along with other scientists developed penicillin as a drug of amazing power against disease but let's review this remarkable discovery as an example of scientific method first a scientist begins with the perception of a problem dr fleming had been trying to find a drug that would prevent infection this combined with his long training and observation enabled him to recognize a problem in the accident of the mold polluting the dish the second step was to make preliminary observations this brought him to the third stage in scientific method thinking of a hypothesis or possible solution to the problem now came the fourth stage of scientific method the long series of experiments which dr fleming and later dr florey and others carried on to test the validity of dr fleming's hypothesis this led to the final stage the solution of the problem penicillin was established as a drug of amazing effectiveness against infection these then are the elements of the scientific method first perception of the problem second preliminary observations to suggest solutions third the development of one or more hypotheses fourth the testing of these hypotheses through extended observation or experimentation fifth the choice of a workable solution to the problem this is the method the scientist applies to any problem in which facts can be observed and this is also the method of common sense thinking people use the same method to solve all the everyday problems having to do with observable facts for instance scientific thinking is as necessary to a garage mechanic as it is to a scientist well joe she just died on me i'd say the gas lines clog if you think so how do you know well it could be couldn't it yes it could be but it could be any number of other things too the first thing a mechanic has to do is determine what the problem is next he makes a preliminary investigation to find possible solutions then he develops his hypotheses next he tests these hypotheses discarding them one by one if they prove false until finally he hits up on the right solution to the problem with problems of this kind of course almost everyone tries to think systematically but some people find it hard to apply the scientific method to all the other problems that can be solved through observation and experimentation did you hear there's another epidemic down at the south end of town oh how terrible you know i think the town ought to do something about conditions down there do something what can they do look at the kind of people that live down there people what do you mean you can't just blame people for bad living conditions for filth and disease and things like that oh i think you can after all that's the way that kind of people like to live i'm not so sure i think the town ought to do a study of those conditions and get it the cause of it some people let prejudice dictate the answers to problems but thinking people realize that solving such problems requires systematic observation and the gathering of many facts all the factors bearing on the problem have to be investigated then the facts have to be studied to find the best ways of solving the problem and finally the most promising solutions have to be tested in practice this scientific method of thinking applies to any everyday problem which lends itself to observation and testing to problems of business as well as to problems of family life to problems of law enforcement as well as to problems of making the decisions of the community this is the method of common sense thinking fully as much as it is the method of science but the scientist uses this method for a deeper purpose to gain an understanding of the world in which we live for instance long before men were able to combat disease the causes of disease had to be discovered through years of scientific investigation the french scientist louis pasteur began his work as a practical effort to stop the diseases attacking silkworms and certain animals in france systematic observation led him to the hypothesis that the cause of disease might be found in the bacteria present in diseased organisms he devoted much of his life to testing this hypothesis to a succession of careful experiments with animals this intensive experimental work eventually enabled him to establish his hypothesis as a demonstrated theory that bacteria are in fact the cause of disease this scientific discovery brought about a revolution in the practice of medicine enabling modern medical specialists to make great advances in understanding and conquering disease keem perception of problems careful observation imaginative development of hypotheses rigorous testing and experimentation choice of the most workable solutions these are the steps essential to the scientific method of solving problems and while most of us are not engaged like the scientist in probing the mysteries of the universe we still may use his method in solving many of the problems of everyday life for this the scientific method is a tool for clear thinking and effective action [Music] woohoo science we love it um yeah i you know the scientific method really holds up and i think peer-reviewed it holds up and i think that um the the point of science is to discover and be critical of other people's work um and so that you can really you know come up with like theories that are based in fact as opposed to conjecture or bad um bad science uh let's see what new harvest is on the prairie enjoy [Music] the road from bureau junction to hennepin illinois cuts through the lowlands beside the illinois river flooded naturally and by man-made dikes it is a duck hunter's paradise with swamps and knolls all the way to the bridge at hennepin the river itself fills a dual role as a stream of commerce and a playground for boatmen and fishermen on the east side of the river beyond the crest of the hennepin bridge lies a flat gravel-based plateau of sandy farmland known as the hennepin prairie as prairies go it is not large a little more than six thousand acres but for more than a century the hennepin prairie has provided harvests for the farmers of the territory today corn the traditional agricultural crop in the area gradually is being supplemented by the development of a vital new harvest on the prairie a 150 million dollar steel mill the opening chip in jones and lachlan steel corporations bid for a major piece of the bountiful midwestern steel market jnl a pittsburgh based corporation bought the prairie in 1965 in a bid to jump over its midwestern competition into the path of the markets of the future the initial mill shown in the model will occupy only a small part of the six thousand acre site about three hundred acres in the southwestern corner phase one to be housed in this building complex includes a five stand cold reduction mill and a sheep galvanizing line now under construction they'll be ready for action in the spring of 1968. from these facilities will come top quality cold roll steel sheets up to 80 inches in width and a diversified galvanized product line up to 60 inches in width meanwhile what's to become of the lush farms and the hard-working farmers and the village of hennepin population 391 can rural america and heavy industry exist side by side in harmony this study in contrasts has stirred the imaginations of sociologists news reporters housing developers and the general public as the story unfolds [Music] hennepin faces away from the lush farmlands toward the river and is ever conscious of its heritage as a river town in the 1600s father hennepin and father joliet stopped to trade with the indians on the east bank of the illinois river at what later became hennepin the first building erected by white men in 1817 was a trading post during the steamboat era of the eighteen hundreds the village boomed as a port of call the principal businesses in hennepin today are two grain elevators which discharge corn into waiting barges for river transport ford biagi farmed the hennepin prairie 33 years before jnl arrived today he is one of more than a dozen local farmers in partnership with j l they have about 2 000 acres in corn another 200 in hay and other crops and more than 800 acres devoted to grazing land all under the eye of a local farmer who doubles as jnl's farm manager as construction forces started gathering ford and other farmers got to know many of the workers as their paths crossed during the day [Music] and across the road in hennepin youngsters still tussled in the playground adults had picnics in the park the school baseball players carried on as usual unmindful of the roar of diesel engines wafting across the prairie [Music] so [Music] [Applause] hennepin is a quiet town but a proud one it has two churches catholic and methodist [Music] it is still free enough of traffic that a child crosses the road without real danger [Music] out on the prairie after sight grading trucks began pouring 165 000 cubic yards of concrete for the foundations for the heavy mill equipment this concrete pad the base for the five stand cold mill is five feet thick and contains six thousand cubic yards of concrete row upon row of foundations for mill columns dotted the work area and as work progressed on jnl's part the people of the territory were also on the move several farmers who had owned property on the prairie made arrangements with j l to buy back their houses and then move them to new locations some to the village some to other farm areas some of the owners exchanged their property for new farms further west others retired to watch the industrial transformation many of the farms had been operated by tenant farmers and jnl offered every tenant on the property a chance to continue farming alongside the growing mill building a steel mill involves planning in advance for protecting the quality of air and water a mild deep well was drilled on the property to dispose of waste acids air velocity and direction were sampled dust fall was measured and the water of the illinois river was tested on a continuing basis [Music] hennepin is proud of its school system although small only 13 in its last senior class most of its graduates went on to college with the coming of industry people realized that better education could be obtained over a wider area with the benefit of a broad industrial tax base shortly after j l announced its plans a county-wide single school system was organized one group of high school students interested in science heard about jnl's plan to survey the site for archaeological artifacts a study being conducted by the illinois state museum several of the students volunteered to conduct a dig on the 14 indian mounds found by museum archaeologists in a remote corner of the property early that first summer they spent a week among the mosquitoes their loot was both disappointing and promising one arrowhead and five broken pieces of pottery but the scientists have earmarked other areas on the site for additional digging meanwhile on the construction site digging proceeded at a different level this mainline storm sewer will be as much as 40 feet underground other lines were also being laid more than seven miles of railroad track were required to serve the site during construction and a gas line was run from the north side of the illinois river underneath the river up the steep hills on the south side and more than three miles inland across the prairie to the j l work area another major project is an elaborate water and waste treatment system capable of taking more than seven and a half million gallons of water a day from the river cleaning it using it in the mills cleaning it again and returning it to the river the plant has been designed so all industrial wastewater no matter where it originates must pass through the waste treatment plant j l officials have stated flatly that the plant operations will not adversely affect the quality of the river water this means recreational uses of the river may continue unchanged motorboating and fishing enthusiasts may pursue their activities and the duck hunters are expected to continue their fall pilgrimages to the river swamplands undisturbed by the frenetic activity on the construction site less than a mile away j l is planting for a new crop on this midwestern prairie and its harvest will complement the corn soybeans and other crops which have been sown on the illinois countryside for generations [Music] so [Music] [Music] yes the farmer who stood on this lawn and gazed across the head up in prairie will never again see this site this is what he sees now [Music] [Music] there will be many changes affecting hennepin but the village has solid roots putnam county with hennepin as its county seat once was the largest county in illinois the beautiful courthouse is the oldest county courthouse in continuous use in the state abraham lincoln is said to have practiced there as a young lawyer [Music] this heritage has played an important role in providing inspiration for the future as jnl and the community look ahead to the new harvest on the hennepin prairie looking up in hennepin county um obviously this is a promotional film um may be shown to the people of hennepin county uh maybe trying to get incentives uh or uh the ability to say like well you know maybe we don't pay as many taxes because we're actually employing more people or maybe uh you'll let us use the utilities for cheaper because we're benefiting the community in the county but kind of a fascinating pro promotional film but not promoting specifically the products but just the fact that they're locating a factory there uh thanks for tuning in today and dealing with all the tech uh stuff i mean it's not really an avgeek show unless there's some tech stuff i'm always pushing it pushing the envelope and there's always something going on you know we're embracing almost more than 100 years of technology uh in an hour so there's always something that's going wrong and uh so thanks for tuning in today and we will see you again i don't know tomorrow everybody have a great rest of your day please remember to please rewind and love each other uh and we will see you oh wait a minute thank you kevin for the coffee uh you can support av geeks by buying us coffee at ko fi.com av geeks uh you can support us by hitting the thumbs up button the subscribe button the like button the share button um if you like what you saw you can go to avgeeks.com and see our 24 7 channel now with less advertising um then it was an experiment that didn't really work out well so you're welcome to go there also you can donate to av geeks at patreon.comgeeks everybody like i said have a great rest of your day we'll be back again tomorrow take care