AV Geeks 16mm Lunch 8-28-2024

e this is a chem study film a production of the chemical education material study here is the filament in a Tungsten lamp as the filament is heated it emits energy in the form of light although the light appears white to our eyes when we pass the light through a prism it is separated into a continuous spectrum of colors this continuous Spectrum shows that a Tungsten lamp emits photons of all energies this is a gas discharge tube containing hydrogen the light emitted by this tube is due to hydrogen atoms let's look at the Spectrum of this light source this time we see a line Spectrum each line corresponds to just one possible energy change in a hydrogen atom we see that very few energy changes occur in hydrogen atoms in contrast to the tungsten filament accurate frequency measurements tell us the energy changes and lead us to the hydrogen atom energy level diagram but how can we explain the fact that the energy of a hydrogen atom has only these certain values we begin with a simple picture of the hydrogen atom at any given instant the electron is separated from the proton by some distance r the electron and the nucleus have opposite electric charges so they attract each other this attraction gives the atom a certain amount of potential energy the amount depends on the distance R the electron is in motion and so the atom also has kinetic energy the sum of these two kinds of energy is the total electronic energy of the atom this sum expresses the laws of motion that apply to macroscopic particles to fit The observed behavior of microscopic particles like electrons and protons the laws must be modified somewhat as modified these laws are called quantum mechanics the mathematics of quantum mechanics are quite complex but we don't need to consider the details of the calculations our interest is in the result that quantum mechanics gives this high-speed computer simplifies the task of carrying out the calculations the equation is punched onto cards and fed into the computer together with instructions on how to solve it the computer then rapidly solves a problem that is tedious if done by hand when the calculations are completed the machine types out the energy values let's compare these calculated energies with the experimentally determined energies of the hydrogen atom agreement is excellent thus we see that quantum mechanics provides an explanation for the specific energies observed for the hydrogen atom because quantum mechanics also confirms all other properties of the hydrogen atom that can be measured we believe the results quantum mechanics gives for those properties that are more difficult to measure one such property is the location of the electron relative to the nucleus what can we learn from quantum mechanics about this to answer this question we will consider the 1s State the lowest and most stable energy state of the hydrogen atom quantum mechanics gives the results only in terms of probability a dart board will help us understand the kind of probability information that we get from quantum mechanics see where the dart hits each throw is completely independent of the others observe the pattern of punctures there are many holes concentrated near the bullseye toward the edge of the board there are fewer punctures these holes indicate the likelihood that the next throw of the dart will land in a given Square Cent CM where there are many holes the probability is high where there are few holes the probability is low these observations allow us to conclude that the probability of the dart landing near the bullseye is much greater than the probability of it Landing far away we shall see that there is a close analogy to the electron distribution in the hydrogen atom the pattern of holes is centered around the bullseye just as the electron centers its movement M around the nucleus compare it to the probability plot for the 1s state of the hydrogen atom as generated by the computer what does this plot tell us about the location of the electron to answer this question another analogy may be useful the movements of a hummingbird around his nest we'll use the hummingbird to represent the electron his nest represents the nucleus The Nest is located in the small tree in a field of flowers let's represent this scene on a chart here is his nest in the tree the hummingbird collects nectar from from the flowers here and there around his nest let's suppose that we keep a record on this map of the location of each flower the hummingbird visits here's one now we'll mark the location of this flower on the map oh now he's over here oops there he goes let's mark it ah and now a third let's continue plotting these locations plotting over a long period of time a pattern develops in this pattern for a given area the number of pins is much higher near the nest than it is farther away again we have probability information thus we conclude that the probability of the bird landing on a flower near the nest is much greater than the probability of landing on a flower some distance away we can discuss the average distance of the hummingbird from The Nest but sometimes he will be found closer than this average distance sometimes farther away in any event we see that there are no boundaries to the pattern occasionally the hummingbird lands on a flower a very great distance away the plot of the hydrogen atom which the computer Drew earlier has exactly the same meaning just as this map tells us the probability of finding the humming bird a given distance from his nest so this plot tells us the probability of finding the electron a given distance from the proton as in our analoges we see that the probability of finding the electron near the nucleus is much higher than finding it far away again we find that there are no boundaries to this plot for although the electron is most likely to be found near the nucleus it occasionally may be found very far away a limitation of this plot is that a chose probability in only two Dimensions we can use animation to add depth to the plot this probability description of electron location is called the 1s orbital of the hydrogen atom we note that the orbital has no definite boundaries although it does have a spherical shape thus the expression 1s is a convenient abbreviation where the one indicates the energy state of the atom and the S denotes the spherical shape of the orbital but remember that the orbital represents only the probability of finding the electron at a certain location if we could observe the electron at any one instant the electron would be found at some particular location at a another instant it would be found at some other location what about the path or trajectory that the electron follows in getting from one location to another well this is a question that quantum mechanics does not answer explicitly any trajectory that corresponds to the spatial distribution we see here could be in accord with quantum mechanics thus we can only test trajectory models of the atom by comparing them to the quantum mechanical picture for example here is a common model of the electron trajectory that you have probably seen often it shows the electron moving around the nucleus in a path similar to that of a planet moving around the Sun we'll call this a satellite model let's compare the satellite model to what we have learned from quantum mechanics concerning the hydrogen atom if the satellite model were correct the electron would always be at a fixed distance from the nucleus then the probability plot plot would take the form of a circle the electron would never come very close to the nucleus but experiments show that the electron does come close to the nucleus just as calculated with quantum mechanics hence the satellite model is inconsistent with our experimental knowledge of atoms and can be discarded although quantum mechanics does not tell us the detailed motion of the electron in the atom it does tell us the electron position in terms of probability far from the nucleus it is low near the nucleus it's high we can consider an average radius of the electron position but there are no boundaries to the atom the probability becomes zero only at an infinite distance from the nucleus since the 1s orbital is three-dimensional there is a spherical surface at Infinity where the probability of finding the electron is zero any surface where the probability is zero is called a nodal surface the 1s orbital has only one nodal surface you'll recall that the 1s orbital corresponds to the lowest energy level of the hydrogen atom the 1s level can be further characterized by The energy needed to pull the electron completely away from the proton for the first level this energy is found to be minus 33.6 kilo calories per mole interpretation of the hydrogen atom Spectrum shows that the atom has higher energy levels for instance here are the energies of the second and third energy levels numerical analysis of the energy values shows that these experimental energies are very simply related for example the 78.4 kilocalorie energy value may be Rewritten this way 78.4 is just 1 qu of 313 6 and 34.8 is just 1 nth of 313.2 these numbers are most conveniently recognized as 33.6 divided by the square of an integer thus 4 is 2^ squared 9 is 3 squar the lowest energy is 33.6 / 1 SAR we can characterize each energy level by this integer in the denominator the integers are possible values of the principal quantum number n and we can use the integers to label the energy levels now let's use the computer to plot the orbital of the second energy level the 2s orbital each point has the same significance as a point on our map showing where the hummingbird was seen the pattern of points describes the 2s orbital in probability terms let's compare this 2s orbital to the 1s orbital they are shown here plotted to the same scale note that in the higher energy 2s State the probability of finding the electron at a larger distance from the nucleus has increased considerably though this plot doesn't show it the 2s orbital like the 1s orbital is spherically symmetric in three dimensions both the 1s orbital and 2s orbital show that the electron is sometimes found a very large distance from the nucleus again reminding us that the atom has no boundaries for the 2s orbital however we see a new characteristic there is a definite radius at which the electron is never found since the orbital has three dimensional symmetry this radius defines a second spherical surface at which the probability of finding the electron is zero such a surface you'll recall is called a nodal surface thus whereas the 1s orbital had only one nodal surface at Infinity the 2s orbital has two nodal surfaces one at infinity and one at a specific radius quantum mechanics shows that there are other orbitals for hydrogen with the same energy as the 2s orbital here the computer is plotting one of these it is called a 2p orbital the 2p orbital has about the same average size as the 2s orbital but note the striking difference in the Contours of the two orbitals the 2s orbital is spherically symmetric but the 2p orbital is definitely oriented along one AIS in this case the z-axis let's use an to show the other two axes the X and Y axis the 2p orbital like the 2s orbital has two nodal surfaces at which the probability of finding the electron is zero one noal surface is at Infinity but the second for the 2p orbital is in the XY plane but why isn't the orbital oriented along the Y AIS or the x-axis the answer is that there are three independent orbitals of this shape one oriented along each axxis each of these two P orbitals has two nodal surfaces one at Infinity the other a plane through the nucleus we can now picture our energy level diagram like this we see that there is only one orbital for the lowest energy level this orbital you recall has only one nodal surface for the energy level corresponding to Nal 2 there are four orbitals each having two noal surfaces in fact for every value of n there are n squ orbitals each having n nodal surfaces we see then that the quantum number n called the principal quantum number gives a great deal of information about the hydrogen atom it indicates the possible energy states and their corresponding energy values of the hydrogen atom for each energy State there are n s orbitals and each orbital has n nodal surfaces when we plot still higher energy orbitals we see that they become more complicated in shape as n increases but in quantum mechanics all orbitals are described in probability terms just as we described the 1s orbital our starting point was the experimental energy levels of the hydrogen atom because quantum mechanics shows us how to calculate these energy exactly we investigated it further the quantum mechanical description of the atom contains only probability information like the pattern of punctures in the dark board and like the map of the flowers visited by the hummingbird chemists have found that quantum mechanics also explains many other concepts of chemistry such as the energy levels of many electron atoms the formation of molecules Bond energies and bond lengths these successes prove the usefulness of the quantum mechanical view of the aom so where am I there I am hi everybody I'm skip Alzheimer welcome to the a Geeks lunchtime streaming show um I had run out of films to scan on my scanner uh because they're all off site for the most part so this is one I hadn't shown um probably for good reason so I'm noticing in the comments some of you were uh basically saying like well some of those uh the examples are no longer relevant or they're confusing so I could find another film that has no animations or examples and is just uh a chalkboard that somebody's writing on uh maybe that will make it clearer should I show that next uh you let me know in the comments uh no I I know that was incredibly tedious which is a little bit why I kind of showed it at the beginning um kind of to get people in the mood uh yeah that was not great but I'm happy I showed it and it kind of some of the visual uh examples were interesting to me but yeah so let's uh jump into the deep end uh and watch a sid Davis film and um this one's called walk without fear and so uh trigger warning uh it's made for women about women's safety and so there are some creeps wandering around um and it starts off with a woman with a gun so there's your other trigger warning all right enjoy [Music] all the St stay stay stay [Music] h [Music] [Music] we are most honored to have as our speaker this evening our chief of police Tom Harris but before Chief Harris takes the floor I'd like to say a few words we're all here tonight because we're concerned concerned that the crime rate in our community and in our nation during the past decade has outstripped the population growth 11 to1 even as I stand speaking to you right now somewhere a home is being burglarized a purse is being snatched a woman is being mugged or attacked I have here a a letter from a woman who wanted to be here with us tonight that she was afraid to walk in the streets after dark she didn't feel safe oh we'd all like to feel safe in our homes on the street but we don't the ones who feel the most vulnerable Among Us are the women as for instance the woman who wrote this letter our chief Harris has promised to talk to us tonight about protection against Crime how we may walk in the streets without fear as it were Chief Harris Chief Harris that letter our chairman received a case in point my wife used to go out shopping late at night but now she's afraid to go out at night we used to have a social meeting that met every Thursday night but we had to give it up because our members were afraid to come Chief Harris what's the police department doing about this yes what can be done so we won't feel so insecure ladies and gentlemen I share your concern everyone is a potential victim crime is an an increasing problem but crime and the fear of crime are two separate problems your Police Department is doing a great deal about the former but you you must help us with the latter your Police Department is constantly improving and increasing our protection of the community to the utmost limits of our Manpower and Technology we're placing more patrols and alleys in back streets we're using civilians in clerical jobs to free more officers for troll Duty and we're working for improved Street lighting an important area where Community groups such as yours can be of great help there's good reason to be cautious but no one should be so frightened that the fear of crime erods the very quality of life the fear of walking in the street must not prevent people from enjoying their City it mustn't give them a fortress mentality the more people on the streets the less the possibility of Street crime the criminal looks for the lone pedestrian women are admittedly more vulnerable than men but they are by no means defenseless tonight we shall together examine some of the most important aspects of self- protection the first thing to remember is that crime prevention is the best defense a criminal who already has the intent to commit a crime must also will be given the opportunity in order to carry it out we you must deny him that opportunity that's crime prevention in a [Music] nutshell a woman returning from a shopping trip her arms loaded is a favorite prey for the pur Snatcher [Music] somebody help he took my purse somebody get the police help somebody please a woman who carries her handbag carelessly is inv biting trouble but she can prevent such an incident from happening she can deny the pur snatch of the obvious opportunity and avoid losing her belongings if she'll stuff her purse into the grocery bag out of sight [Music] don't try to fight a purse snatcher after all whatever is in your purse isn't worth the risk of personal injury and the thief is only interested in your valuables incidentally it's a good idea never to carry large amounts of cash or valuables and always know the descriptions of the articles in your handbag especially the credit card numbers if you are accosted by a purse snatcher remember his description and call the police at once a little foresight can save a woman's purse and there are many other such precautionary measures of course you have to use your own judgment as to the areas you must be in after dark but if you are alone it's best and more prudent to avoid deserted or poorly lighted streets even if it means a detour for for you stay near lighted areas and avoid walking near bushes or other shadowy spots always walk closer to the street than to the buildings and be aware of doorways and alleys if you hear footsteps behind you look around don't assume that every man walking behind you is following you but do be aware of him however if what you see alarms you in any way look around for a store a gas station a hotel or a lighted house where you might run for help if necessary when you travel around the city at night alone wait for the bus at a well-lighted bus stop even in cities with a subway system it's advisable for a woman alone after dark to take a bus [Music] the bus has a sort of built-in security it's driver if you have any reason to feel at all uneasy sit near him when you're traveling alone notice if anyone is watching you or seems to be following you always be aware of the other people around you and try to anticipate trouble it's all right to be suspicious until your suspicion is alleviated if you take a taxi to get home late and it's a good idea to do so if you can ask the driver to walk you to your door or at least wait until you're inside and make it a habit always to have your keys ready in your hand so you don't have to stay any length of time outside the door looking for them remember always be aware anticipating trouble is the safest and shest way of preventing it Chief Harrison what about carrying some kind of weapon wouldn't that be a good idea no I don't think so most weapons whatever they may be are more dangerous to the woman carrying them than they are to her attacker hat pins and hammers do not offer protection to the average woman because most men are strong enough to disarm her and use her old weapon against her prevention is still better than any weapon let's examine some more common sense precautions you can take if you live in an apartment house with a self-service elevator never get into it when it's going down to the basement you don't know who may be down there [Music] don't get into the elevator with one Unknown man alone and always stand near the control panel so you can prevent anyone from stopping the elevator and so you can ring for help if need be [Music] when you go to your apartment door always have your keys in your hand if you should return to your home or your apartment and find the door unlocked or open do not enter don't risk surprising a house breaker go to the manager or a neighbor and call the police at once if you have a job which keeps you working late and you park your car in an unattended lot be sure it's always locked not only to prevent theft but also to prevent someone from hiding in the back seat [Music] take a look and back before you get in and have your key ready in your hand lock the doors and keep the windows rolled up [Music] there's always at least one unlocked car in any [Music] lot keep your gas tank well filled so you don't stall in a strange place if you do have a mechanical breakdown try to park under a light stay in your car with the hood up or a handkerchief tied to the antenna keep the windows closed and the doors locked and wait until the police arrive if you talk to passes by offering assistance roll down the window only enough to be heard these are some of the basic crime prevention measures you should take the overwhelming number of women who get into trouble do so because they ignored these basic precautions you'll undoubtedly be able to think of many more because after all you are women consider it a test of your imagination to do so if if unlikely though it may be you should be attacked by a man you can fight back effectively and and Escape in most cases the attacker of a woman assumes his victim to be helpless pure shock and surprise if you do fight back is often enough to scare them off and that is your purpose just to scare them off so let's be rational about your chances of being attacked they are very slim of course it is possible and there are steps you can take if it should happen there are a few points at which a man is most vulnerable they're easy to remember visualize a chart of the human body the vulnerable areas are the eyes and nose the throat the solar plexus the groin the single fingers the knees the shinbone and the toes and Arch of the foot never forget there's only one situation in which a woman should fight an asant and that that is if he tries to do her bodily harm suppose a woman unwisely has chosen to walk alone through a park after dark how can she defend herself using her knowledge of these vulnerable spots if she's attacked from behind well first of all scream scream as if your life depended on it it might and as soon as you can run let's examine step by step what you might do use the back of your head slam it into his face jab your elbow as hard as you can into a solar plexus if he puts his hand over your mouth bite him with all your might kick back on his shin and stump with your heel on his inep hit him with your handbag in the face as forcefully as you can in my experience a woman's handbag usually contains enough miscellaneous items to make it a formidable weapon if your as salent attacks you from the front there's a whole new set of Defense actions you can use first of all again [Music] scream being face to face with your attack it gives you an advantage many of his most vulnerable spots are within your reach stomping down hard on his inep with your heel may give you a little room use your nail scratch his face his eyes dig in drive your knee into his groin it's extremely painful and will incapacitate him if enough force is used hit him across the throat or across the nose on the bridge or just below or blows are equally painful and as soon as you can run [Music] so far you've been using what I call your empty-handed weapons your nails your knee your heel there are some little items women carry in their handbags that can make effective weapons but only if you happen to have them in your hand don't go rumaging for them in your purse remember scream to break a wrist hole twist your arm against the thumb it's the weakest point and jerk away You're then free to use your weapon perhaps a bunch of keys go for the face rake them across your attacker's eyes a comb might be useful a nail file a pencil hairspray or cologne squirted in the eyes is effective and certain commercial spray devices if used correctly where it's legal and remember run as soon as you can if you're at home alone at night night be sure all windows and doors are locked and keep your Shades drawn some other Common Sense rules to remember don't ever open the door to a stranger man or woman no matter who it may be telegram can be slipped under the door deliveries can be left outside and you can offer to make a call for anyone who asked to use your telephone in case of an emergency when a repair man must be admitted always check his identification before letting him in but should you be confronted with an in rud scream help help help police remember the best weapon is the weapon at hand help somebody called the police help if you think no one may have heard your screams break the window help help people will normally react to the sound of breaking glass followed by your screams when they might ignore the screams alone and yell help police leave no doubt that you're in trouble and remember too if you see it report it if you witness a crime being committed call the police at once a simple call when you think someone may need help could save a life even if you're not sure call the police officer's much prefer to answer a needless call than not being called in a real emergency as you can see you are far from helpless remember your attacker is only a human being as weak spots and as vulnerable just as you are the actions I've advised you to use in your self-defense are not very pretty but neither is being attacked no action is too violent no move too excessive when it comes to protect yourself against an attack an attack that could otherwise result in your injury or death so should you ever be attacked scream scratch bite and kick your object is not to destroy the man but to gain time to get away as you can see the acts of self-defense are not difficult to master you need not become an expert in Juno or karate taking up Karate may do wonders for your figure but don't rely on it to do much else for you I am purposely not advocating that you carry special weapons as I've said I think they're more dangerous to you than to your as salant besides being illegal such weapons can be too easily taken away from you and used against you use your imagination once again think of a few situations where your own weapon might be used against you used against you used against [Music] you Judo anyone the basic protection of any Comm Community is a well-trained professional police department but the citizens do have a role in their own defense against Crime remember crime prevention is the best defense of all and remember too that in any situation in which you might find yourselves you are far from defenseless thank you let me tell you Tom [Music] so that's an odd thing um in that it uh it's like a presentation it's like a a presentation from of a a lot of people I'm wearing these these glasses are horrible I'm wearing readers cuz my eyes are going to crap um but it makes everything blue so normally Sid Davis films don't have syn sound they don't have people talking and he he did that mostly because it was a budget saving thing like he could shoot he didn't have to worry about miking uh doing the SN sound that whole process he could always do narration over and that's what he did almost all the time is have some narrator voice of God narrator so this has a lot of that but the fact that there's this kind of presentation in front of women it's it's weird it's a weird kind of wraparound thing and I'm wondering if Sid Davis didn't make this but he distributed it um that's my gut uh also I so I reached out to uh I showed to film a portrait of Santa a couple of days ago which was Ralph huet who uh was painting or Draw illustrating uh Santa in different as he was telling the story so I reached out to his son who had reached out to me years ago about one got fat and kind of told me about how Ralph was the art director for that but also did a lot of work on Disney films Etc so I wrote him and said hey I just found this portrait of Santa film and he said he said I love that film uh that film was made as kind of a promo for a bunch of Ralph hulet Christmas cards I was like oh that explains it it because it seemed kind of weird like what was the point behind it like uh and the fact it was in a religious a lot of religious films there's just a little bit of religion in that so uh the backstory with that is that was basically a a promo for selling Christmas cards um the more you know okay what do we got uh someone wants some Japanese animation uh I don't have any handy but I'll keep an eye out for it okay next film uh this one is about insurance it's called the hidden key enjoy [Music] doing business today involves the element of chance because there are many risks since the day I went into business for myself I've always kept this gadget on my desk to remind me of the gamble in doing business it's helped me to find the hidden key to this survival and success I say gamble in doing business because of the risks involved risks that maybe you haven't thought about lately the risk of the availability of working capital is present in the small as well as the expanding business there are many influences from the outside that become risks from the inevitable high taxes to the important job of timely deliveries the problems of product obsolescence increased competition reduced profit margins all involv risks there's the risk of getting and keeping proper Personnel these and many more risks are are involved in doing business today however there is a factor that takes much of this gamble out of business and that's the human element the most essential element to business success this Trio is that human element with ambition and ability and teamwork this is Waller with a knack for overall organization and thorough handling of details he has good connections at the bank I wouldn't worry about it either of you I'm sure we'll get the loan this is George an expert on any production problem with his easy smile and quick humor he's very good at handling employees just give me one more lathe and an operator yes the team had two Mr insides and Bob Mr outside a good mixer a low handicap golfer and the best contacts in the field plus the ability to follow them up and make sales and all I have to do is get the business and if you don't Bob we'll give you the business take it from me three men like that make quite a team I'm Bill Edwards and since I believe that next to knowing your own business you should know the business of your competitors I can tell you quite a bit about Bob Walter and George they were our top competition they became partners because each man's talents and personality blended into a fine working combination after the usual Growing Pains they Incorporated to avoid unnecessary income taxes and to limit their personal liability let me tell you what happened a hard Tobe team these competitors of mine always moving ahead wal had swung the loan at the bank and they really got busy they weren't afraid of work and were often hard at it far into the night since their families were close friends they could combine business with pleasure oh say Bob Ruth called late this afternoon said she couldn't get hold of Mary today she wants you to ask her about the barbecue Sunday at our house uh George and Helen are coming we are you can see who's boss at his house well maybe we ought to have the wife's boss the outfit yeah I can see that they know as much about running this business as we do about cooking oh um which reminds me Walter are you planning to cremate the stakes again please Waller not that now don't worry George I have a brand new system yeah but I got the same old stomach working together as a team these three men did all they could to take the risks out of doing business they had protection against many types of losses they insisted on careful maintenance to keep equipment in top condition good working surroundings and benefits kept employees happy and yet they gambled they gambled on the most important business asset the human element where's Bob he's half an hour late well you know he looked kind of sick out at your house yesterday right after those Stakes oh now my cooking wasn't that bad yes my wife sure put her on hello Ruth wait a minute wait a minute I can't understand you you said that Mary called are you sure all right dear we'll be there right away what's going on Mary just called Ruth Bob's had a heart attack what Bob's dead no I I can't believe it I told Ruth we' be right over and and so they learned about another gamble in doing business well as you can imagine it was a rough shock a firm cannot stand still it must move constantly forward the loss of Bob meant a loss in momentum and replacing immediately would be impossible besides a new man wouldn't have Bob's contacts they would have to do it all themselves things were happening that worried both men that important feeling of kind confidence was fading and it didn't help to have Outsiders worried too both creditors and customers were wondering what arrangements had been made to carry on the business well of course we're going to miss him but we're going ahead full theme you know the old saying no man is indispensable okay thanks for calling waler there are uh couple of things I want to check with you on and both are bad no doubt yeah I'm afraid so Henry just gave me his notice oh no he's the third one to quit why I couldn't get much out of him I think he's worried about our situation boy it never rains but it pours which uh reminds me I thought you were going to check on that complaint they were a good account I haven't had time I never have time to do anything right yeah I know me too Waller do you think we can go ahead of course we can we've got to what about Mary we've always said the families could look to the business for help if anything happened to one of us we'll straighten things out with Mary later right now she has Bob's insurance we have enough to worry about I'm afraid we'll have to consider it now Mary's lawyer called he's handling Bob's estate and he wants to know what sort of financial arrangement we plan to make with her why can't we settle that with Mary do we have to deal with him the estate's in Probate and he's handling Mary's Affairs that's all there is to it he wants to see us so I said we'd meet with him I suppose that means money we can't pay our Bob salary but we don't even have anyone to take his place she couldn't George I'll tell you right now as fond as we are of Mary we can't be expected to do all the work and split equally with her when she can contribute nothing of course Walder but don't you feel we owe it to Bob isn't there's some way we can take care of muray without wrecking the business you name it I guess the best way would be to buy her out with what well how about out of future profets that's possible if she can can wait and providing we could agree on a price with Mary and her lawyer if we can't it's a sure thing she'll be thinking about selling to one of our competitors do you really think Mary would do that to us legally she can sell to anybody she wants to wherever she can get the highest price for the stuck but I don't think Mary would do that I wouldn't be too sure of that George if she doesn't think of it you can bet her laer will we ought to be thankful we're Incorporated if we were still a partnership she could have the court Force us to liquidate we should have had an agreement we should have had an agreement with what Waller said yes a simple buy andell agreement made when all the partners were alive would have eliminated what the two faced now it would have removed the fears doubts and confusion they now feel you see such an agreement would have bound Mary to sell her interest to the corporation or to waler and George it also would have required the corporation or Walter and George to buy it would have been a different story but then of course every story has two sides Bob's Widow Mary was shocked to discover that even though he had nearly $40,000 of life insurance after paying doctor bills funeral costs and probate expenses plus inheritance taxes the amount she had left to last a lifetime for her and her children was less than Bob's salary for one year Mary's lawyer was not interested in sentiment but in a fair settlement for his client and soon Mary I know how you feel about Walder and George you don't wish to press them but you simply must face facts now let me see if I can summarize what we've been talking about for the last hour or so it's rather confusing I know but it's most important now we should demand that they buy you out in cash at a fair price now we shouldn't accept terms because without Bob there we could never be sure of you're getting your fair share they would be getting the benefits of all the profits if everything goes well if it doesn't you would be the loser now Mary they're going to get everything they can out of this business if they see that it's going under I believe believe me even though there were relatives involved my advice is still the same get your full and fair share of this business now I suppose you're right I know I am now if they can't pay a fair cash price we can insist that they give you an equal salary and an expense account or we'll threaten to sell to a competitor well that's a possibility I should think it's a good business or was we can take them to court and force them to pay dividends make them justify every dime of salary and expens money that they draw We can question every move they make after all there are laws to protect the minority stockholder but but they're my friends and know Mary it's difficult to tell what people will do when they're in a tough spot and believe me they're in one but in all fairness to you you must realize that your position is not a very happy one either what do you mean I thought I owned onethird of the company Bob always told me the business would take care of me in the children now If This Were A partnership we could demand liquidation or a complete reorganization but Mary S it's a corporation they can legally at least attempt to continue but where do I fit in the picture well you are a minority stockholder with no control and there was no agreement that required them to buy you out frankly I don't think they could buy you out on any basis that would be satisfactory to us can't they just pay me cash I'll sell no Mary there is no cash like any other growing business their cash is invested in The Firm well then couldn't they borrow it no I'm afraid they couldn't borrow any more now under these conditions especially without Bob I wish I could take Bob's place what did you mean about selling to a competitor well like Bill Edwards uh but Mary remember it's it's only a threat actually who would want to buy a minority interest in the business situation like this and at what kind of a price I see what you mean well then how about dividends I thought when you owned stock they paid you in dividends well that depends most closely held corporations don't pay dividends waler and George will certainly not want to pay dividends if for no other reason than to avoid double taxes theyd much rather take it in salaries which are deductible by a corporation and remember they have majority control yes I know now Mary I'm not saying that they'll do this but I have seen it happen before the owners will bleed the company of all earnings in the form of salaries and expense accounts I can't believe that Walter and George would do that Mary with them having majority control and with a business needing cash I'm afraid we'd have a hard fight forcing them to pay dividends anyway you probably wouldn't get enough in dividends for you and the children to live on you couldn't count on it for future income I just can't understand it Bob always said the business would take care of this in case something happened to him that's why he worked so hard why we did without so many things at first to build the business now Mary try not to worry that's why I've called this meeting with Waller and George I guarantee we'll Salvage something for you Excuse me yes oh have them come right in please now Mary try not to let your emotion sway this is more than a business meeting the future of you and your children hinges on what happens here you just let me handle it a lifetime is at stake for Mary and for George and Walter the attorney will insist on a price and cash George and waler will try to save the business which needs all their cash their careers are at stake the important meeting began and it soon became apparent they were working at Cross [Music] purposes after all it was an almost impossible gamble that they could reach an agreement with such sharply conflicting interests [Music] it's strange how old friendships can be wrecked so easily and so disastrously they tried all of them tried but there just wasn't any answer when Walder and George walked out they closed the door on their hopes and dreams it happens every time if only they'd made a simple Fair agreement while Bob was still alive all of this could have been avoided well it's too late now [Music] [Music] [Music] yes there's the really big risk of this gamble of doing business those three men were our top competition and when my partners and I saw what happened we realized that the whole tragedy could have been avoided if the three of them had made a suitable agreement so we started looking around for the answer that would solve the problem for us the experience of Bob Walter and George showed us what the hidden key really was a binding agreement and most important of all the money to fund it my business is different because I own the majority of the stocks and my partners are in a minority position we not only have their problems but the additional one that if I should die first my partners would have the burden of running the firm without control or power of decision an impossible situation just how much would my stock be worth to my family then well the agreement was easy all we had to do was approximate the value of our interests and reach an understanding the problem was money where was it to come from fortunately we found a way to guarantee that the money would be available when needed we'd never have to pay it back nor would we have to take it out of our business at that time our plan works this way here are 100 pennies representing one full dollar of the purchase price we agreed to deposit 3 cents in this first year and if our agreement becomes operative we would receive the full purchase price 100 cents on the dollar taxfree it would have cost us just these three pennies if the agreement is not used until say 5 years we will have paid in only 15 cents for each dollar required and even in 20 years we will have deposited only 60 cents for each full dollar during all this time a large percentage of these deposits will be available to our our firm for our business use or emergencies and if by chance we never need the money for this agreement and we all live to old age a large part of these deposits can be used for our retirement what really tickles us is that our creditors and our bank are just as pleased with this plan as we are now you may be wondering where we found this hidden key well it was handed To Us by an insurance man who understood these business problems and fortunately we were all able to qualify medically I suppose that doing business that life itself is a gamble but it's a sure thing that you or your family sooner or later will be on one side or the other of this inevitable conflict why not make use of this hidden key business life insurance in order to assure the security of your two most important responsibilities your family and your business wow all right there we go where am I uh I'm guessing yeah the uh organ was totally like radio soap opera fod cuz that totally was a soap opera with the Melo drama of the wife of the Widow qu oh and all that um yeah interesting little thing about business and uh in what insurance agents can do for you and for your business and your livelihood um so thanks for tuning in today today was a weird day all over the place um it's a weird day for me to uh my Prius has um is beginning to die uh I have more than 200,000 miles on it and big uh money items are happening with it and uh so I'm looking at potentially getting a Kia EV used one that can hold more stuff than my um Prius um so if any of you have any experiences with uh Kia n um there's no way I'd ever drive a Tesla absolutely no way and ionics are a little too expensive so I'm looking for something that's not super sexy it's comfortable to drive all that stuff so anyways not getting a cyber truck no if I had $100,000 to flush down the toilet I would not spend it on that um yeah those those look so horrible um but uh yes thank you for all your advice everybody is all this stuff's uh po yeah hidden Kia yeah you guys are awesome I I really love showing films you guys even if they're incredibly tedious and um you seem to pull the best uh looking at the comments during that uh hydrogen atom as viewed through qu quantum mechanics boy the conversation was like all over the place it was really phenomenal so I very much appreciate all of you and your comments and your eyeballs and yes when I run across some of that beautiful Japanese cutout paper animation I will show it again but it's it didn't show up often there's only a finite number of those titles and they're not they do not make themselves uh easily available I have to go find them and so there you go everybody have a great rest of your day as always please rewind love each other um oh yeah I was going to say uh related to that so I was test driving uh Kia yesterday and today I I wrote the salesperson I said all right I need to see if I can fit a projector screen in there and I need to see if I can fit a projector so like I'm going to go take stuff to the car dealership and see if I can fit it in before we make a sale because that's the that's what I need right that's what we do is we shlep films with that thing um I uh also you know they're they're pretty great uh um pretty great to pile all that stuff in and so that was my criteria for picking what I picked is like how much can I fit in it um not what type of sound system it has and what type of apps it has it's like how much can I shove in it um so anyways uh we will see you uh tomorrow again please rewind love each other and if you like what you saw hit the thumbs up subscribe Etc talk to you soon bye