AV Geeks 16mm Lunch 8-25-2022

so so so so so so all right oops welcome everybody to the av geeks lunchtime streaming show uh this what we just saw was a 16 millimeter film that was made from the paper print collection at uh national archives um which were just as a recap these were ways that you would submit your film for copyright is basically you would take a picture of each frame and make a paper like a paper print of it uh so you would what you would have is a is a print that would have multiple strips on it um and somebody discovered them and realized that oh the original films don't exist anymore so they took on this effort to cut them up to make reels of paper print and then to shoot it again unfortunately they shot at just a 16 millimeter there has been a more recent effort by the library of congress to actually scan it much higher resolution and try to do a little bit of image tweaking so uh but yeah so that was something it's kind of interesting a little bit of history uh through the eyes of american biograph which means that maybe some of it isn't real um but the black hand phenomenon was something that was troubling people the early 20th century so it was causing riots all right i got a question for you is bacteria friend or foe or is it both let's find out enjoy [Music] so ted jones is visiting one of the laboratories at the city health department his brother frank has recently taken a position as a bacteriologist with the department ted seems to be having a little trouble can't you get it focused on the field then try using the fine adjustment knob and do it more slowly you're likely to miss the cells you're looking for even though they may be there okay i'm trying say here they are hey look good you know what kind they are no all i know is that they came out of that test tube that you gave me then they're one of the kinds of bacteria that cause food to spoil ted has just seen one of the many kinds of bacteria bacteria are found almost everywhere in our environment some float around in the air some are in water or other liquids still others thrive in the soil bacteria are plants but they are not green like the plants we usually see some kinds are indispensable for example countless bacteria are at work in this clover field they are growing in the little nodules at the plant roots bacteria in these nodules take nitrogen from the air and change it into a form of plant food other kinds of bacteria are responsible for milk or cream becoming sour the development of flavor and other qualities in cheese and the disintegration of dead plants and animals in fact the effects of bacteria are so important that life as we know it would be impossible without them most bacteria are friends of man some even produce chemicals called antibiotics that are used to help fight different diseases only a few kinds of bacteria cause disease probably the first person to observe bacteria was anton van leeuwenhoek inventor of one of the first successful microscopes after looking through his crude microscope he made drawings of the microorganisms he saw these represented organisms from tartar scraped from his own teeth in contrast here using a modern microscope we see other microorganisms taken from tartar after the time of leaven hook generations were to pass before another achievement of great importance would be made in the study of bacteria it was the famed chemist louis pasteur of france who in the 1850s proved that bacteria caused fermentation this explained many of the chemical changes that go on in nature pasteur also proved that bacteria never develop out of dead organic matter alone as some people had believed he emphasized that bacteria can only come from other bacteria soon afterward it was found that bacteria can spread disease from a sick animal to a healthy animal but this discovery was made by coke a german contemporary of pasteur this discovery is the basis of the germ theory of disease robert koch and his assistants also learn to prepare and use nutrient materials nutrient materials are usually jelly like emulsions or fluids which favor the growth of bacteria coke made other discoveries that help lay the foundations of modern bacteriology since the time of coke much has been learned and many other kinds of bacteria discovered today if ted could collect all known kinds of bacteria he would have thousands and the facts that have been discovered about them are exceedingly numerous he wonders how a beginner can ever learn about so many kinds of bacteria frank explains that it takes a systematic approach for example bacteria may be separated into groups according to what they live upon the nature of the food they require some bacteria are parasites others saprophytes and still others autotrophs parasites depend upon living plants or animals for food here are some parasitic bacteria most bacteria that cause human disease are parasitic saprophytes live upon dead plants or animals or their products saprophytic bacteria produce enzymes that cause the chemical breakdown we call decay there are more kinds of saprophytic bacteria than of any other type autotrophs get their energy from minerals or other inorganic materials the autotrophic bacteria seen here live upon a form of iron through oxidation they change one form of iron into another and use the energy that is released unlike the large majority of plants most bacteria have no chlorophyll with which to manufacture food parasites saprophytes and autotrophs all take in food through their cell walls to pass through these cell walls the food must be soluble in some instances insoluble foods are converted into soluble materials by chemicals released by the bacteria themselves all bacteria require soluble food to live ted thinks the information seems complicated but frank speaking from experience explains that the basic facts about bacteria are quite simple and very useful besides facts about the food getting of bacteria frank describes another type of information that is especially useful in bacteriology depending upon the structure or shape of bacteria there are four main kinds the cocci that are round like these that are common in the air the bacilli that are rod shaped like these from gas gangrene the spirit that are spiral like these taken from a sample of well water and the filamentous form such as these thread like ones structure or shape is one of the principal characteristics used by bacteriologists to classify or identify different kinds of bacteria the life processes of bacteria are simple we've already seen how bacteria obtain food now we will consider their reproduction which takes place through simple division of the cells in drawings we can see that bacterium cells are continually growing when a cell reaches maturity it divides again this goes on and on about every half hour as long as the food supply holds out or until some unfavorable condition slows down or stops their development the reproduction rate of bacteria may be greatly affected by temperature in a laboratory the temperature can be controlled in an electric incubator as frank explains there's always a temperature that's best for growing bacteria usually this temperature is about 30 to 37 degrees centigrade 37 degrees centigrade is about equal to the normal human body temperature in case the temperature is unfavorable some bacteria especially the rod like kinds have a special means of protecting themselves they do it by forming spores notice the spore forming in the center of one of these bacterium cells some other kinds of bacteria form spores at the ends of the rods instead of at the centers either way a spore has a special wall around itself that seems to protect the bacterium inside from such adverse conditions as cold heat sunlight or disinfectant later when conditions improve the spore may change back again into the rod-like bacterium not many disease producing bacteria go through a spore form besides protective mechanisms some bacteria are equipped to move about the hair or whip like parts attached to these bacterium cells are called flagella different types of bacteria have different types of flagella such flagella can be moved to propel a living bacterium through blood or other solutions not all bacteria have such means of locomotion since the time of leaven hook progress in bacteriology has been phenomenal his successors such as pasteur of france and coke of germany have made discoveries and invented techniques indispensable in successfully preparing nutrient materials growing cultures and subjecting the cultures to tests that help identify and classify bacteria today in bacteriology laboratories work is conducted that leads to the control of the relatively few bacteria that are foes of mankind and to the more effective use of the multitudes that our friends in order to make human life more healthful and increase our standard of living [Music] [Applause] [Music] oops um in a lonely valley in the swiss alps far from the busy highways we come across a little boy [Music] his sledge is handy when the path leads downhill but just here there's some hard pulling to do [Music] up here the men folk help each other with the heavy jobs and the lad who brings them their dinner with a can of hot tea is one of the gang too [Music] their daily bread is the sole reward of hard work in which every member of the family has shared granny for instance is an example of what a good housewife should be when the spinning wheel hums in the narrow living room during those long winter days indoors the girls too are busy bent over their first pieces of handwork [Music] most of the children grow up in these simple old world surroundings romantic hunting scenes adorning the walls recall times long past so spring was already at the door and now winter has come back again [Music] but the very next day when it's time for school the sun is out warm and spring-like once more here the children learn to read and write as for practical work they learn that in the school of life itself [Music] it doesn't take the youngsters long to make friends with the domestic and farmyard animals perhaps it is from them that they learn the art of silence mountain dwellers are not talkative people they keep their thoughts to themselves [Music] hey [Music] little by little in the daily performance of their modest tasks the children are drawn into the work of the grown-ups and take their place in the community [Music] [Music] the boys help their father in his work they're already learning the handicrafts which most of them will practice in later life others may go down to the towns where they will find a different world one of the boys built these shallows in his spare time they are made entirely of old bits of wood but they reveal a natural talent for designing and building so [Music] nature is a thing of mystery and the imagination of a child conjures up its own fairy land in a forest like this [Music] but such daydreams are not allowed to interfere with the performance of duty's daily round it is often a long way from the alpine cabin down to the village but the daily errands are important and must not be neglected [Applause] here comes the postman he too has a long trick to the dwelling scattered along the mountainside but he has found a trusty and willing friend to keep him company on the way [Music] yes mountain life is hard and filled with toil all the more reason for the children to enjoy their few hours of leisure between school and domestic tasks this battle is a true expression of their youthful zest and enthusiasm [Music] a special treat today it is not often that the long road home is enlivened by a jolly ride on a slave so [Music] even the tiny ones are out on the snow fields today under the watchful eye of a sheen mistress the school master to go sheing with his charges those who live in the mountains must be able to get about summer and winter alike over any kind of ground by the quickest and easiest means [Applause] um for these children of the mountains their homeland is not just a sentimental background but a stern reality to which they must adapt themselves [Music] so all right i'm looking at the button and the button is not blinking which means that the microphone is no longer muted sometimes i hit the button but it's not hard enough or it doesn't for whatever reason it doesn't work so apologize apologize for that all right uh so this next film we've got set up on the uh scanner i'm not sure the title so when we we're not sure the title we put it in brackets um based on what somebody has written on the can and what was written on the can is history of the imperial war but we will see what this film is maybe there's a title at the end because the beginning of the title is clipped so here it is enjoy to control the vast empire it became more and more apparent by the third century a.d that whoever controlled the army could become emperor but it was risky business for out in rome's vast provinces any general who commanded troops might attempt to seize power and more and more the soldiers realized that they played a vital role they could decide what general to support and thus in effect create an emperor and so for about 50 years emperors were made and unmade by the sword the result disorder and civil war in the empire lands within the empire were laid waste defenseless villas once secure under the roman peace were plundered by roman troops of one faction or another in the cities too conditions were obstructive attacks were finally checked but the attackers were not conquered they waited for a better chance and so during this half century in each prefecture officials were responsible to the co-emperors one result of this reorganization was a great increase in municipal officials one roman writer said that half the population was in government service many were needed to collect the increased taxes being levied throughout the empire a top-heavy government was placing a crushing burden on its citizens by imperial decrees diocletian and his successors tried to freeze the economy into stability roman armies once the backbone of the empire were no longer invincible conquerors in her weakness rome was giving way to the pressure of barbarian forces outside her borders roman armies were enlisting german tribesmen and other foreigners into their army barbarians came to know roman culture to adopt roman ways with this blending of peoples the last period of the decline had begun the final century and a half of the empire is remembered mostly for the reign of constantine an outstanding ruler who became sole emperor in 324 a.d woman garrisons were overrun by the barbarians the conquerors became at last the conquered the invaders made slaves of some of the roman people the fine roman roads stood open for other invaders to follow and they did follow the eternal city rome was twice sacked during this period by goths in 410 and by vandals in 455 the imperial city had come to this a rich prize for savage warriors no more would rome be the ruler of the western world the confusion of this final period came to an end during the brief reign of romulus agustelus a boy who was the last roman emperor a powerless figurehead the boy symbolized a helpless empire then the barbarian general odo acer ended the farce deposing the boy he was the last of a long line of emperors emperors who ruled during dramatic centuries of the decline of the roman empire the year was 476 a.d [Music] in the chroniclers cell at mont prefabi in france writing monks record the events of their time brother boniface is the guardian of chronicles which date back to the fall of the roman empire and record the chaos that followed force ruled everywhere people began to look to the strong for protection and submitted themselves as serfs to those who had the means and skills for fighting the early chronicles reveal knights as cruel ignorant fighting men their only occupation was war as life in feudal europe became better organized a code of honor developed based upon ideals of chivalry religion and the night status as professional warriors while this code was not often adhered to it was an ideal to which they all aspired among the writings of brother boniface there is the tale of a youth robert de goncur who was raised according to the code of chivalry of his time and whose story we will hear is the chronicler himself might have told it our tale begins in the year of our lord 1192 when the noble lord of gongker sent his son robert to the mighty lord of mont breath to learn chivalry and the skills of knighthood at mount prep castle in the year 1192 the castle of montbreath stood proud and mighty guarded by impregnable towers and surrounded by a deep moat here robert de goncor began his apprenticeship as a page the first step toward knighthood at the age of seven under the experienced hand of lady alice de montbrecht my lady [Music] welcome robert enter in and draw nearer my lad truly i am glad of your coming [Music] when you enter into your sir giles lord of montreal roberts teacher and master performs the dubbing be valiant so robert recall your heritage honor all knights love god i pledge my life and my allegiance to god my lord and to my master [Music] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] then is where my story ends also robert de goncur soon left the place of his apprenticeship the castle of mont breath and set out upon the journey to his new manner which he received from his uncle as a thief which he named new concur [Music] the story of sir robert is that of many nights of his time noblemen whose chief occupation was war as time went on nightly armor changed from woven mail to breastplates to full metal battle dress and for as long as battles were fought according to the rules of chivalry this warrior class maintained its prominent position in the society of the middle ages when the day came that every man with a gun could fight specialists were no longer needed and the feudal lords retired into their manor houses to devote themselves to governing their tenants with the evolution of strong central power sir roberts well that was just a hodgepodge right there um it looks like it was two cornet films or a coordinate film and an eb film somebody just spliced together and decided to call the history of imperial war um so now um it's it's it's hard because what i have to do is i have to then separate those out and then do the due diligence to figure out what film is what and title it correctly say that it's an excerpt so this next film uh talks about the challenge of leadership enjoy ah an end of many trees much water and few people so every year it's open season for rescue parties on hunters and fishermen who have overdone this matter getting away from it all and that's just what we were doing last summer getting away from the daily grind the trip was gil newman's idea he runs a service station and he got the invitation from one of his wealthier customers to use this cabin anytime he wanted to that stuff's too hot i'm gonna steal some gear in the boat that thing in shape to take us back to civilization tomorrow sure is i headed out this afternoon runs like a top young tom sullivan works on his jalopy and gill station that's where he heard about the trip and he persuaded gil to bring him along steve herbert is another of gil's customers he's a shop foreman and one of the big plants in our town let's get this stuff cleared away huh right with you nick gusty owns the boat we pulled it on his trailer to the nearest landing then ran it out here to the island the fifth member of our group was me arthur baskin i happen to live next door to gill my work is market research we had come up here pretty much strangers to one another still for two weeks we got along without any serious trouble until the boat's gone what do you mean god god i mean god [Applause] we're stranded out here can't be gone i used it this afternoon oh well why didn't you tie it up i did if you were in such a kid i'd play off gail that's no good oh you're gonna stick up for him are you no i guess i'm gonna help look for the boat you think we have a chance finding it in the dark not much there's no harm trying there was no sign of the boat and nobody got much sleep that night at breakfast everyone was edgy i can't eat i'm going out and find that boat sit down kid i'll go with you me too look you're not going out again are you without a plan you got a plan no but i'd like to hear what steve has to say oh why him somebody appoint him commissar you don't live with men for two weeks without finding out something about them now we've had our little differences yeah call this a little difference i call this a critical situation one that demands intelligent leadership well i sure don't want the job what do i do boss don't you want to finish your breakfast [Laughter] what's funny i was just thinking you know any damn fool could get off this island with a boat but to get off without a boat that's going to take some doings that's the old pep talk now tell us there's nothing to worry about well there's plenty to worry about but like we say at the plant there's no such thing as a problem that can't be solved well i don't know all the answers but among the five of us i'm sure we do now here's what we can do there's a chance that a wind or a current may have grounded the boat so gill let's you and me circle the island and look for it but i ought to look for the boat there's a better chance that we won't find it so you're going fishing not for fun but so we can eat well why should he get the soft job because he's the better fisherman and nick's the only hunter we've got in the crowd so i want you to go out and see what you can find to feed us you two got it okay steve if you say so then get with it what do you want me to do steve hey professor somehow i never got my merit badge on survival techniques on the job when i come up against something i don't know i call on the experts the planning department people like that you know sometimes they can be pretty theoretical what makes you think i'm an expert well isn't your job something about research or analysis yes well professor i just want you to stay here and research and analyze our problem see what you come up with well i'll try and if you can think just as well while you're working something tells me we're going to need a lot of firewood [Music] steve got us organized but i had a hunch he would have liked to feel as confident of our future as he sounded [Music] so [Music] well no sign of her how'd you do make out one rabbit i hope everybody likes fish well we won't starve anyway professor how do you size up our situation this i've been waiting to hear well the way i figure is this none of our families knows just where we are the owner of the cabin doesn't even know we're in here we didn't check out with anybody where we left our cars then there's nothing nobody we're lost and nobody knows it easy kid sit down tom but it's my fault i let the boat get away all right so it's your fault so what are you going to do about it cry hey now lay off now who's picking on the kid you shut up no sir i'm okay good now let's let the professor finish well while i was out there cutting firewood i had an idea so i cut a lot more wood for a fire outside a big smoky fire hey a fire sure a lot of private planes fly hunters and fishermen all around here when they see our smoke they'll come to investigate if they see the smoke look shall we light that fire you're doing fine professor just pick out a safe spot where you won't send the whole island up in flames we got the fire started and steve assigned us in turn to watch it i had the second watch and steve was slated to relieve me when he arrived there was something on his mind professor we gotta do something no good just sitting around waiting for somebody to spot our fire we'll all be breaking up huh just like the kid yep we gotta keep the troops busy on the way to get out of here doing what we're gonna build a raft [Music] we'll cut paddles get us over to the mainland and we'll pull our way along the shore until we get back to where we left the car or find a camp along the way [Music] how's it sound it makes sense to me all i've got to do is sell the others because if it doesn't have their active cooperation they can sabotage it intentionally or otherwise unless they really get behind it won't do anything for our morale and it won't get the raft filled so steve went to work using a different approach on each man depending on what he knew about that man he sold me on the basis of facts and logic nick was dead set against building the raft certain that somebody would spot our fire until steve said nick i don't know how to build a raft and you do that's why we need you nick whether you think it makes sense or not we've got to have you help us and show us what to do [Music] the kid was lying awake when steve got back to the cabin he wasn't hard to sell i know you feeling guilty about letting the boat get away now here's your chance to do something about it [Music] that left gill and steve got to him in the morning before the rest of us were up so now we're gonna play swiss family robinson huh i don't know any other way to get off the island meanwhile if we don't keep these fellas busy they'll go stir crazy well won't they yeah yeah i guess they will there's gonna be a rough job gil you're the strongest guy we got hmm if you are willing to work i don't know whether they'd be able to make it are you calling me a slacker i just said if [Laughter] i have to hand it to steve he took five men of different skills different backgrounds different personalities and molded us into a real working team and i have to hand it to him too that as soon as nick proved he knew what he was doing steve let him boss the project and took his orders along with the rest of us but steve knew what was going on and why and he was the one who assigned men to jobs according to the way he'd sized us all up my job was to make a sale out of a tarp things have been going well all morning until i heard a commotion outside [Music] we couldn't tell whether the pilot spotted either my signal or our fire but i figured at least there was well professor you can knock off now our rescue party is practically on the way how can you be sure how could they miss just the same we better keep on with our work huh who says so i say so now look i went along with this wrath gag i worked as hard as anybody didn't i that's right you're gonna keep right on working now listen steve i've taken about as much as i'm gonna take from you that plane spotted us see and any man who thinks that i'm gonna keep on building that damn raft is looking for a fight i'm ready how long do you think you can stand up to me well there's one way to find out of all is stupid toss me that knife i said toss it here [Music] the knife i'm working with is tooth dull he could have knocked your block off you know that i know it he knows that i know it that's why i won i don't follow well suppose he had knocked my block off he wouldn't have won anything he knows it as it turned out that plane did spot us and in a couple of hours another one came in to fly us out we didn't need the raft but since then i've often wondered whether we could have gotten out with it i'm pretty sure we could after all as steve says there's no problem that can't be solved when people work together but it takes leadership [Music] do [Music] so um though that bna the bureau of national affairs is a private entity it sounds like it's a um government agency but it's not it's basically bna made a bunch of management films and i gotta say this one was probably the best that i've seen because it's a bunch of dudes getting into a fight you know i like it and the idea is that you would show this at a management meeting and then everybody would discuss like the value of it and the importance of leadership and you know in your role and how you can et cetera et cetera so um yeah not a lot of those films the b a films that i have are just somebody sitting there blah blah blah blah blah blah and they're like a glorified powerpoint even though powerpoint didn't exist yet but it's like blah blah blah blah blah blah and then poop here comes the fly blah blah blah blah blah and so people are like if you ever got rid of any of your films because you had to which ones would you get rid of and it's those boring talking head business management films they're just oh excruciatingly boring um but that one had some zest to it uh thanks for tuning in today if you like what you saw please smash the like button or hit the like button or click the like button or use your finger to hit the like button uh also there's a notification bell you can do whatever with that um hit the thumbs up you know all these different ways to say like hey this is kind of great um you can buy us coffee at ko-fi.com ab geeks you can also go to av or to uh patreon.com av geeks to donate uh and finally if you want to see more films from our archive you can go to avgeeks.com where there's a 24 7 channel that's running that features old lunch episodes and films that we've scanned so it's probably between two and three thousand films but uh thanks everybody for tuning in very much appreciated um as always rewind you devil um and please rewind and love each other and we will see you tomorrow friday everybody take care bye you