AV Geeks 16mm Lunch 8-23-2022

do so so so so so hi everybody i'm skip alzheimer welcome to the av geeks lunchtime streaming show where we watch old 16 millimeter films and try to figure out what we just saw um that was all over the place um we didn't have a title for it um and written on the can was unknown eastman teaching films and uh eastman uh teaching films was a company that was a i guess a subsidiary of kodak um i think that's right and they basically did films uh for educational markets uh and also uh were distributed to some theaters as shorts before features um yeah so that was kind of bing bang boom all over the place this one is a little bit more focused and a little bit more contemporary and it has sound this is keeping your teeth healthy enjoy um [Music] all your life you need to take care of your teeth your dentist will help you [Music] you can learn about chewing from your dentist if you could see yourself with x-ray eyes this is how it looks inside when you chew chewing is so important if you had no teeth you wouldn't be able to digest you should always chew your food very well it's very very important your dentist helps you take care of your teeth sometimes he uses a special light he wants to look carefully at each tooth [Music] your front teeth are for cutting here are the incisors the incisors are for tearing food apart so that you can get it into your mouth in smaller pieces then there are cuspids or canine teeth and they're the pointed sharp ones way in the back are your biggest teeth the molars your dentist can see them [Music] and sometimes he uses a model to show them to you the molars are for grinding the food up into little tiny pieces so that they can go down and be digested in your tummy and when they all work together they go like this and they grind back and forth and back and forth your teeth are wonderfully shaped so that you can bite and chew [Music] everyone should go to the dentist twice a year to see that all goes well [Music] you kept them very clean for me i'm very proud of you those are nice molars you're getting your six year molars even though you're seven sometimes they come in then but they look super and they're very healthy many dentists help keep teeth healthy by treating them with fluoride corey this is fluoride and it helps to make your teeth hard and resist tooth decay and we put it on like this so that it'll soak into the teeth the fluoride helps to prevent the acid from getting inside the teeth and making holes which are cavities another important reason to visit your dentist your teeth are changing wow this is fantastic look at that all those new teeth the dentist looks at your baby teeth they get loose and are replaced by new permanent teeth here's one that's loose and here's another one that's loose when you lose those baby teeth the big teeth will come up underneath so the baby teeth are very important for the big teeth they keep the space for them and they they let you eat and here's one that's very very loose [Music] these are baby teeth that will be coming out this model shows permanent teeth above and below how they push through the gums to replace the baby teeth you should keep your permanent teeth for the rest of your life and here's one on the top this is just coming in they're gorgeous teeth dana all your life you need good strong teeth to chew your food but food clings to teeth that's why you brush your teeth the dentist has something special he has a solution which works like magic when he puts this solution on your teeth after a few minutes it shows what you usually cannot see [Music] deposits of acid called plaque plaque comes from leftover particles of food where's the plaque where the blue dyes are that's where the plaque on your teeth is and when you brush you're going to get rid of the plaque and get it all off your teeth in all those areas well especially around the gum lines you've got to brush very carefully along all of the gum lines [Music] and then when you visit your dentist special equipment and paste can make your teeth super clean [Music] eating fresh and nourishing foods helps you to have strong teeth and gums and avoid too many sweet foods and soft drinks sugar makes acid in your mouth [Music] here's a superfood take a good chomp out of it good one that'll keep your teeth so clean it's a natural tooth cleaner it won't hurt any of your teeth and it'll make them all shiny and keep them bright your teeth are made for you to chew good food so that you can swallow easily digest and stay healthy all of your life keep your teeth clean and watch what you chew [Music] and your teeth will be as wonderful as the rest of you [Music] um once i did a show that was uh just dental hygiene films and uh i bought some plaque candy i found plaque candy online and uh so black candy is basically it's this red they call it a plaque disclosing tablet and basically what you do is you um brush your teeth uh then you chew the plaque disclosing tablet and then you see like it sticks to where the plaque is where you didn't um brush and that's supposed to teach you how to um brush better to see where you missed so i did that once um that was a pretty good show then i did that show again uh with more updated updated stuff and only two people showed up so sometimes it's really popular i'd love to do a live show like that again so um anyways uh it's time to watch some to see what uh nasa is up to circa 1961. there's a lot of stuff going on enjoy [Music] late in october 1961 the first saturn vehicle was successfully launched at cape canaveral three days later the office of manned space flight was formed this film will show the steady progress that has occurred in manned space flight in the months that have followed within a few weeks chrysler prepared to produce saturn s1 stages at michoud louisiana actual production was to start as soon as the research and development phase was completed at the marshall space flight center midway through november 61 the rl10 liquid hydrogen liquid oxygen engine successfully performed in a preliminary flight rating test nine days later nasa selected north american aviation to design and build two units the command and service modules of the apollo spacecraft that will be employed in the first exploration of the moon at the close of that month a spacecraft carrying a chimpanzee named enis made two orbits around the earth early in december nasa put its final approval on project gemini a two-man spacecraft program specifically designed to provide experience in long-term weightlessness and rendezvous procedures then on december 15 the boeing industrial team was chosen to produce the giant first stage of the saturn v at michoud within days engineers from douglas aircraft began work on modification of the saturn s4 stage for use in the third stage of saturn v at this time the second stage was already under contract and the configuration of the saturn v launch vehicle was firmly established the first stage was five f ones the second stage was five j twos and the third stage was one j two on december twenty one the office of manned space flight held the first meeting of a management council established to assure thorough coordination of all manned space flight activities january of 1962 saw aerojet general start development work on the m1 this liquid hydrogen a liquid oxygen engine will be capable of developing a million two hundred thousand pounds of thrust early in february nasa selected general electric to supply equipment at merritt island florida for integrated space vehicle checkout and to support nasa in its reliability assessment and integration analysis on february 20th astronaut john glenn went into orbit to circle the earth three times two days later belcom incorporated was signed to provide overall systems engineering support for the manned space flight program to improve interagency communications the air force established a liaison office with the office of manned space flight through the appointment of a deputy commander major general ritland before the end of the month a mock-up of the gemini capsule was completed at the mcdonald plant in st louis also in march the nasa manned spacecraft center moved from langley field virginia to houston texas on the 25th of april the second saturn was successfully launched this included an experimental test explosion of water filled tanks at high altitude at the end of the flight early in may the separate contracts to produce the major components of the apollo guidance system were awarded to three companies ac spark plug raytheon and kozman instrument will work with mit in charge of systems development about the same time convair was chosen to design and manufacture little joe ii a launch vehicle for apollo spacecraft sub-orbital test flights may was also the month when astronaut malcolm scott carpenter successfully made his three orbit flight around the earth before the end of may the f-1 engine was fired at full thrust for the first time it happened at edwards california moving into june the green hut construction company contracted to modify the saturn test stand at the marshall center the modification provided two test positions shortly afterwards a computer center to service the michoud operation was established at slidell louisiana on july 11 space administrator james e webb announced the decision to base the planning research development and procurement of its space program on a lunar orbit rendezvous mode of flight to the moon the vehicle was informally named the bug with this planning decision for lunar orbital rendezvous nasa authorized an improved launch vehicle the saturn 1b and instituted studies of a nova vehicle larger than previously contemplated a few days later it was announced that the new control center located at the manned spacecraft center in houston texas would be the primary earth station for the control of manned space flight missions shortly after ibm was awarded a contract to develop and supply the computer facility for the mission control center on july 21st the design of the saturn v launch complex was selected to include a vertical assembly building and an earth crawler to carry the foot vehicle to the launch pad in an erect position off the california coast the first full-scale model of apollo spacecraft underwent a successful preliminary flotation test in august september 17 1962 the selection of nine new astronaut candidates was announced in houston nasa approved plans for static and flight testing of the apollo spacecraft propulsion and abort systems at the white sands missile range in new mexico late in september plans were approved for the development of a test facility in mississippi which will be used for firing the large launch vehicle stages produced at the mishu plant in new orleans on october 3rd walter shirrah successfully orbited the earth six times he made his landing in the pacific ocean a few days later the saturn s4 stage successfully completed its first full duration static firing test a seven minute run at sacramento at this time teams from hamilton standard and international latex were contracted for work on the development of space suits for apollo spaceman within the week the j2 engine underwent a full duration four-minute static firing test at rocketdyne toward the end of the month a nasa test pilot flew a paraglider over edwards california it was a successful development test for the gemini recovery system at that same location three separate contractors began work on a complex of three stands for testing the big f1 rocket engine by the 7th of november grumman was selected for development work on the lunar excursion module of the apollo spacecraft nasa announced its confirmation of lunar orbit rendezvous as the selected mission mode for apollo on november 9th the s-1 first stage of the saturn was test-fired at a full thrust of one and a half million pounds previous firings have all been 1.3 million pounds but this was in preparation for the first two stage flight to be launched in 1963 on november 14th astronaut gordon cooper was selected for a one-day orbital flight to take place this spring allen b shepard will be his backup within a few days the third test flight of saturn succeeded this included a second high water explosion at the marshall space flight center the saturn four stage arrived four dynamic tests it had completed a 23-day voyage from the west coast coming by way of the panama canal the mississippi ohio and tennessee rivers late in the month the first successful firing of a development engine for the apollo spacecraft service module took place at the aerojet general plant in december nasa contracted with the army corps of engineers to study the problems involved in constructing a base on the moon at the end of 1962 north american aviation completed the fabrication of an apollo command module it was delivered to northrop for installation of the parachute landing system and will be used in the first unmanned flight test with this background of accomplishment in the manned space flight program nasa looks forward to 1963 as another period of continuing progress um so that's fascinating to me because it's very early in nasa's history and the accomplishments that they have like we've seen later uh progress reports like 1967 um and it tends to be a little bit more press relations related so there's music there's footage there's they're talking about the wonders of blah blah blah it's like an almost like a newsreel of nasa this one like was like a list like a timeline list and besides the human accomplishments and the launch accomplishments there's a lot there was a whole lot of mentions about what corporations got contracts which is just fascinating to me because i've always felt like these progress reports uh were more for congress than they were for the people the the the you and i that these were shown uh to committees that were allocating funds for nasa and this is like oh look uh this corporation got it this corporation got it we located in this area which is jobs for that area and um this is kind of bears out when i was working with nasa and we i learned that there were all these different space centers all over the united states and each of them was run independent of each other and in fact in some cases they were competing against each other and somebody thought that was a great idea like oh yeah we'll have the best whichever space center offers the best for blah uh yeah we'll have them compete and you know they'll get that funding and it's like what why would you do that like it's we're all supposed to be part of the same deal like why are you spending all these energies and what i noticed is that we were doing an assessment of audio visual materials and that some facilities were very well funded uh johnson space center in houston um near houston and some weren't and surprisingly um the kennedy space center was not um and um you know they all had important stuff there was also slidell had stuff um langley um had stuff that was before nasa existed when it was uh the aviation was i think it was the naca um and so i had all this early flight stuff that i was like what what is going on and this is all supposed to go to national archives but it was all kind of sitting in closets and on shelves and all this stuff and i was like wow this is this is fascinating really really interesting um so behind me i've got on the telesetting or the scanner a film about verbs so let's learn how to spell verbs enjoy [Music] walking flying hopping running those words describe action don't they well one problem with action words is that they're often spelled differently depending on whether the action is happening now or has happened in the past for example what is this old stork doing it's wading in the water wade is an action word it describes the action of this old stork how do you spell wade a d e wade but we said the stork is wading in the water w a d i n g wading we could also say the stork wades in the water and if we were talking about something that happened in the past what would we say we'd say the stork waded in the water yes we change the spelling of an action word depending on how we use it [Applause] action words words that describe action are called verbs and you could think of a lot of them if you tried for example the word feed is a verb and if we want to describe something that's happening now we say the blue jay feeds its baby we've added the letter s to show that it's happening at the present time this is called the present tense of the verb steps runs hops kicks to each of these verbs we've added s to spell the present tense with a few verbs we show the present tense a little differently would you say the flamingo itches a scratch or scratches an itch to those verbs that end with tch ch sh or s we add e s to spell the present tense as in scratches reaches washes dresses this strange bird is the anhinga or snake-necked bird there's a poem about this bird for this bird to fly it must dry its wings but it has no way to squeeze so before it flies it dries its wings by spreading them out in the breeze in verbs such as fly and dry which end with y preceded by a consonant we change the y to i and add e s to spell the present tense flies dries now let's see if you can use these ideas to spell the present tense of some other verbs what's the present tense of right rights lift lifts wish wishes did you remember to add e s to a word that ends in sh try tries pitches when we add es we've really added an extra part or syllable to this word pitches thank thanks now suppose we wanted to talk about something that happened in the past an experience we wanted to tell someone about for example if you saw a man driving this earth mover and you wanted to tell someone about it what would you say you'd probably use the word dump wouldn't you you might say the earth mover dumped the earth in a pile how do you spell dumped d u m p e d dumped you could also say the earth mover lifted more earth and stopped these are all past tense forms of verbs dump dumped lift lifted stop stopped but wait a minute do you see anything different about that last word stopped yes when we want to change the word stop to the past tense we double the final consonant and add ed we do the same when we change a word such as pat to patted [Music] how can we remember in which verbs we double the final consonant well you recall that each vowel has a short sound and a long sound if a verb has a short vowel sound followed by a single consonant at the end of the word we double the final consonant before adding ed rub rubbed step stepped plan planned if the verb has a short vowel sound followed by a single consonant at the end of the word we double the final consonant before adding ed all verbs follow the rules when forming the past tense what's the past tense of the verb hit we don't add ed to hit do we no for the past tense we'd say he hit the ball there is no change in the spelling of this verb what's the past tense of run is it runned no we'd say he ran to the base so remember there are several verbs in which the past tense is spelled differently and without adding e.d if you saw this baby in a backpack and you wanted to describe it what would you say you'd use the verb carry you'd probably say the father carried the baby in a backpack to spell the past tense of verbs ending with y preceded by a consonant we change y to i and add e d it's similar to the process we used for the present tense remember that strange bird the anhinga dry dries dried but once again not all verbs follow the rules fly flies slide how about flied does that sound right no fly is the verb flies is present tense and flu is past tense the anhinga dried its wings before it flew [Applause] now let's see if you can spell the past tense of these verbs bat batted did you remember to double the final consonant before you added ed help helped this verb ends with two consonants so you don't need to double the final one hop hopped dream dreamed this verb ends with a single consonant but the vowels combine to give the long sound so we don't double the final consonant cry cried laugh left there's one more form of a verb that we should think about did you ever try the rides at an amusement park one of the rides you can take is in a boat that's sliding down a ramp let's go back and try that again slide is the verb that describes this action but how would you spell sliding by just adding ing no in verbs with a final e we drop the e before adding ing words like sliding digging walking trying are formed from verbs these words describe an action that's continuing how about the verb dig how would you spell digging what do we do about a verb with a short vowel sound and single consonant at the end we double the final consonant and add ing digging a verb such as walk already has two final consonants so we just add ing walking but in a verb such as try with a final y we don't follow the process we used with other endings we keep the y and just add ing trying [Music] you can learn a lot about spelling verbs from a stork an earth mover or a ride on a slide [Music] exciting so i'm guessing you don't want me to follow that up with spelling nouns spelling adjectives um which i'm sure there are those in the series so journal films was started by uh i can't pronounce his last name it's gilbert oh chill cultural a-l-c-a and anyways who used to work for um coronet and so journal films was based in chicago just like cornet was so there's a lot of journal films made in the 70s and 80s um and covering topics just like we saw i know what you're thinking it's a badgers world but we're just living in it [Music] my [Music] badgers you don't hear so much about badgers american badgers have a white stripe on their heads [Music] they live in deep holes [Music] a badger is pretty and furry but a badger is not to be played with she senses a mountain lion called a cougar [Music] [Music] the badgers bite is powerful the cougar is cautious the cougar knows that the badger can break bones with her strong jaws [Music] clean and neat mother badger raises her young in her underground home at the end of a long tunnel she fills the nest with grass to make a soft place for her babies her long claws won't hurt her cubs they're good for digging in the earth badger cubs are born in the spring hairless and blind they soon grow hair and are marked by their stripe [Music] by the time the cubs are eight weeks old they're ready to meet the other animals of their world mouse woodchuck rabbit prairie dog their mother will teach them to hunt these animals they will also learn that other animals can be dangerous to baby badgers coyote [Music] rattlesnake [Music] fox cougar the badger is famous as an animal that doesn't give up there's a word for the way a badger keeps after an enemy the word for this action is badgering as the cubs play they are also learning how to defend themselves [Music] [Music] though they can live even in deserts most badgers are found in open country and sometimes in the woods the cubs watch as their mother catches a mouse [Music] [Music] a digging animal the badger is built like a living bulldozer [Music] foxes are troublesome they always try to steal a badger's food [Music] so mother badger teaches her cubs to keep the fox out of their territory [Music] [Music] as they grow bigger the cubs wander away from their mother to explore the world [Music] this raccoon is eating well [Music] maybe a badger can find food around here too [Music] uh [Music] [Applause] [Music] good [Music] [Music] do [Music] what can they do now they're in a new and different territory they are completely on their own at least they have each other but both still have much to learn about how to survive what are these animals [Music] skunks have a way of defending themselves that the cubs can smell in an anthill the red ants bite and prairie dogs are hard to catch [Music] where did the prairie dog go [Applause] [Music] [Music] ready [Music] autumn colors fade soon winter will come this rabbit knows that badgers are near badgers do not sleep through the winter as some animals do they must hunt for their food throughout the four seasons of the year [Music] in the first year of their lives the cubs have learned some skills next year they will be more experienced in their hunting and digging way of life [Music] so [Music] so oh yeah oh yeah so it seemed like there was a lot of flute going on today uh in the films um i know we only have six minutes left but uh i got a film set up i want to watch it it it might be horribly boring but it's one i haven't seen so that's what we do is we watch films we haven't seen and hope for them to be fascinating but some of them aren't so i'll just say this now because i know some of you have to go back to work thanks for watching you can buy us coffee at ko dash fi dot com slash av geeks also go to patreon patreon.com av geeks if you wanna subscribe and give us a monthly donation uh if you like what you saw or if you didn't like what you saw and you want to watch something else that we showed that was good uh you can go to avgeeks.com there's a 24 7 channel there that's streaming uh with past shows and past things that we've digitized there's over 2000 things up there uh you can also hit the like button that's easy cheap and it helps game the system um you can also subscribe and share tell other people what we're doing okay so this next film is um i don't know where this is gonna go it's it's say what you mean is the title and i just looked at the beginning of it and it's um mcgraw-hill but beyond that i have no idea what it's going to be like so here say what you mean enjoy [Music] [Applause] you should say what you mean i do at least i mean what i say that's the same thing you know not the same thing a bit why you might as well say that i see what i eat is the same thing as i eat what i see this building will have social rooms inviting us to parties and dancing lunch rooms and snack bars urging us to eat together and hi-fi and tv for us to use the new student it sounds easy just say what you mean yet i first began to realize how much this phrase implies while we were studying language in professor morgan's speech class we started off with a question what is the function of language in the process of communication by speech these lines represent the impressions which a speaker receives from the world around them books he reads people he talks to things he sees and hears and experiences he's been accumulating these impressions since he was born they go through his brain and become associated with each other then out of these impressions the speaker's brain forms an idea or concept then the speaker chooses symbols words and phrases to represent his idea and he uses these symbols to convey his idea along the sound waves to his listener the symbols used in this process are language now each listener receives these language symbols as sensory impressions they must go through his senses become associated in his mind with other thoughts and feelings and then be recreated by his brain into a concept there can be communication only when concept a becomes concept a one these two can never be exactly alike but the closer they are the better the communication to achieve effective communication the speaker must first of all have an idea or concept which is definite and clear in his own mind and his language must represent accurately this concept we soon found out that words which stand for concrete things and real experiences help a speaker define his own ideas one day while roy davis was talking he said going to college is a swell life see most people don't know how nice it really is and when we discuss this it turned out that roy had only a vague idea of what he meant when he said going to college is a swell life roy's concept a wasn't clear and so each of us thought of different things not a one but b d and even things which don't mean that college life is swell at all he just didn't get his ideas across to us then he tried again what i like about college life is that you find so many new friends there they're taking the same required courses and they're members of the football cheering section and they're all invited to the same freshman parties this time there was communication because the idea was clearly defined in the mind of the speaker and his language clearly represented it after that we practice choosing specific words that help define an idea you just said a group of creatures now what expressions can you think of to give a clearer better defined image than group of creatures yes school of whales a litter of kittens a brood of chick a flock of ghee a copy of partridges a baby of quail a swarm of bees a colony of ants a flight of swallow or herd of elephants we discovered also how a speaker can make his own concept more definite and clear by going down the scale in his choice of expressions from the more abstract to the more specific like this something to read book fiction mark twain stories huckleberry finn then we learned that the speaker must organize the details he presents into larger ideas or concepts and choose language which describes the whole this is kind of a pretty place where there's woods and some water uh just a moment miss baxter you know i think you can improve this if you think of your visual impressions specifically tell us some of the things you saw exactly as you saw them in terms of color and form and so on and then see if you can add them all up to a picture for us well let's see everything was blue and green the lake was a dark blue because of its depth the pine woods around it were an even darker gray green low hills circled both the lake and the woods they were so dark they seemed to set off the dark blue water from the bright blue sky yes yes that's much better miss baxter thank you that's all for now you can see now can't you that uh when you think of your impressions as far as the concept of color and form are concerned that you were able to give us some specific details about this picture which you yourself saw of course when we think of impressions and create concepts we sometimes generalize that is we make abstractions our abstractions are useful and often they're necessary in order for us to get to the larger concepts of thinking and yet we need to be careful in using abstractions do you know why yes rogers well it seems to me that abstractions like truth liberty or justice can mean different things to different people you need to say what truth you are talking about and what kind of justice or liberty for whom yes that's good yes if you make generalizations carelessly you can get into the bad habit of using labels that you can't prove the best people wall street bankers warmongers prejudice southerners or they're all pinkos our expressions people use that way they usually over generalize to the point of untruth yes that's quite right during the last war everybody used the word freedom but nobody was exactly sure what it meant but president roosevelt made it more specific he said freedom of worship freedom of expression freedom from want and freedom from fear and so today we're going to consider another aspect in the communicative process the choice of language symbols as they relate to the audience you must consider your audience and ask yourself are the language symbols which i choose clear to my listeners are they within my listeners experience well that seems simple to me you just don't use big words like parliamentarian or fluoroscope when you're talking to children but then bernie stevens got up to speak one day and this happened there's this joint in new york where you can dig the craziest sounds man these cats really wail and the people that go there dig what's happening you know not a cube in the lot i think you'd better translate stevens see i think you're going to have to assume that in any audience there's going to be a certain number of cubes like us to whom your language just isn't clear now what's this joint it's sort of a music place a nightclub no it's a club where they play crazy sounds real long-haired jazz all right we'll grant that jazz is legitimate music we just want to understand you that's all but there's another angle to be considered am i right in thinking that cube is jive for musically unsophisticated yeah square ah but you see this word may offend some of us because it implies that we're ignorant and such an implication makes communication rather difficult oh i didn't mean it that way i know you didn't the matter of fact you've been swell about the whole thing thanks a lot stevens you see i persuaded mr stevens to give this demonstration of jive talk to show why a speaker needs to say exactly what he means using words according to dictionary definitions that are understood by everybody and using grammatical constructions that people expect to hear now you don't have to be a grammatical purist but you do need to be understood and in speaking you need to be understood in the flash of a second yes mark twain once said the difference between the right word and the almost right word is the difference between lightning and the lightning bug up to this point we've been talking about language as symbols to communicate your ideas clearly besides making your language comprehensible you have to think about the taste of your audience and make your language fit the mood of the occasion but today we're going to hear some recordings some words which were spoken on different occasions but with the same purpose to raise people's confidence the first of these is reading to religious worshipers listen if i take the wings of the morning and dwell in the uttermost parts of the sea even there shall thy hand lead me and thy right hand shall hold me the next one is from a crowd to a team [Music] this one is from great britain's war leader to the british people in a time of crisis after a thousand years men will still say this was their finest power and the last one is to a peacetime audience witnessing the first nationally televised presidential inauguration we stand ready to engage with any and all others in joint effort to remove the causes of mutual fear and distressed among nations so as to make possible drastic reduction of armaments finally we began to think about how to make language symbols interesting and forceful we picked up some important don'ts and another aspect of language that we're going to take up today is the cliche the use of the same trite words over and over again so that we know exactly what's going to come out even before we hear them we'll try a little experiment with you see if you can finish these sentences before i do shall we give aid and comfort to our enemy as if they were our own flesh and blood to do so we'll win us a victory that tastes like gall and wormwood that's right uh better we should mortgage our goods go with this thing hammer and turn fight to the finish do i die and victory will be ours that's right our next don't was don't try to sound like a book you just sound foolish lillian jackson demonstrated the notion many students have that good speaking consists of the use of big words and she asked us to simplify what she said in my opinion it is a non-unjustifiable assumption that i think individuals who are members of the preschool age group children under six are not capable of occupying their time without supervision can't play by themselves it is not undesirable to attempt the establishment of a recreational center it would be good to set up a playground yes thank you lillian you can see how ridiculous it is to try to make your speech impressive this way expressions such as not undesirable just obscure the meaning of what you're trying to say and you lose audience interest too yes the writer george orwell says you can cure yourself of the not unhabit by saying to yourself a not unblack dog was chasing a not unsmall rabbit across a not on green field and then we came to the do's which were harder we began to study famous writers and speakers to see how we could make our language more interesting and we found some clues very simple language can be forceful because it directs your attention to the facts and lets them speak for themselves i think ernest hemingway is a master at this kind of writing i'd like to read a sentence from the ending of a farewell to arms i went into the room and stayed with catherine until she died she was unconscious all the time and it did not take her very long to die i think word pictures are interesting because they give sensory detail to illustrate this i brought along an excerpt from a speech by robert ingersoll like an armed warrior like a plume knight james g blaine marched down the halls of the american congress and threw his shining lance full and fair against the brazen foreheads the defamers of his country and the maligners of his honor visual images are good because they relate something unknown to something known james p warburg a prominent banker once said to ask whether a real full employment bill is a threat to private industry is like asking whether hey is a threat to a donkey at that a donkey does not need hay as badly as private industry needs full employment word pictures stick in the minds of listeners here's an example from a speech by the prominent industrialist h w apprentice jr he said no people ever went down the road to dictatorship when the price of admission was clearly shown at the entrance gate some great speakers have demonstrated how to make language more forceful in this rhythm they often use balance construction to do this listen to daniel webster liberty and union now and forever one and inseparable and abraham lincoln with malice toward none with charity for all with firmness in the right as god gives us to see the right some speakers use questions to make their language more forceful in his first inaugural address woodrow wilson said men's hearts wait upon us men's lives hang in the balance men's hopes call upon us to say what we will do who shall live up to the great trust who dares fail to try we tried to achieve rhythm and imagery in our own speeches too but of course we all needed practice a few days later one of the girls in the class said choosing language is like choosing a dress before we speak we should ask ourselves does the word fit the thought that wears it will it suit the occasion and will the audience notice you learn how to choose language that is clear appropriate and forceful only by doing it by actually speaking in front of an audience one day as i was about to talk to a group of students faculty members and their families about our hopes for a new student union i remembered professor morgan's advice think about your audience be your own listener then suddenly it seemed the strangest thing was happening there i was on the platform and there i was in the audience it was like a dream i was my own listener and i soon discovered that my language wasn't getting across the new student union will be an awfully nice place oh no not a nice place a building of modern design especially planned for student activities there will be room for all kinds of things you know but we don't know tell us what things be specific so i tried to think how i could be more specific then i noticed something else when my expressions had been vague the audience had seemed to be very far away so i tried hard to make my words interesting and clear this building will have social rooms inviting us to parties and dancing lunch rooms and snack bars urging us to eat together and hi-fi and tv for us to use the new student union will house all of our activities in an atmosphere of freedom and fun when i said that my listeners seemed to be closer language had lessened the distance between us then i understood and that's what communication is getting ideas across the distance between you and your audience your language will do that if you know what you think if you can be your own listener and if you always say exactly what you mean [Music] all right there you go um that scene where the woman is heckling herself um yeah that's i don't know i i think that's uh problematic if i start thinking about myself being in the audience um and being aware of what i'm saying then it means that i am not going to say anything that's worthwhile public speaking is hard it's hard work um sometimes i got it sometimes i don't it's it's hard for me to talk to you guys uh because i'm not getting the feedback i'm getting this kind of feedback via comments but it's it's very delayed so um anyways i appreciate you being there for us again and get us coffee ko dash fi.com slash av geeks 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