AV Geeks 16mm Lunch 7-31-2023

thank you hello everybody I'm skip Alzheimer welcome to the AV Geeks lunchtime streaming show where we watch old 16 millimeter films and um oh crap hold on so I have a computer over there that I use to kind of monitor make sure the streaming is working and um I always forget to mute it so there you go um yeah so that was makasar makassar um the annoying thing is like when you look at the pronunciation it doesn't actually like if you don't know how to read the thing for pronunciation how it's spelled out what those the special symbols mean then you don't still don't know how to pronounce it and that's the case with me anyways it is it was the capital of this Indonesian Province uh it was the capital of East Indies and there you go there was um kind of a travel log visiting there all right so behind me we want have a uh a film scanner and we're gonna watch a film live this is called um living metrics and this is probably um made when we were supposed to switch over to the metric system but then something went horribly wrong enjoy Vernon do you have a pencil on your desk um if I were to ask you how long it is in centimeters what would you say centimeters that's right 49. all right Anita uh if I were to ask you to tell me how many liters this jar will hold what would you say I don't know can anybody else in the class help me can I two Jackie 60 liters all right wow you know what I think I think you're guessing but we're going to learn this metric system let me show you a few things that will make it easier for you today's children live in a metrically measured world today's teachers have an obligation to lead those children into metrics [Music] okay I got you you can move now stretches so long I bet I'm 140 centimeters tall 141 centimeters how many inches is that two kids but I'm 141 centimeters that puts me one step in front of Michael you're right Edward you've come a long way in thinking metric look Edward you guessed your height very closely now that's what we call estimating let's see how well we are estimating capacity how many milliliters do you think are in this cup [Music] about 450. let's measure and find out all right right 450 milliliters right up there on the board now let's measure it go in shake it down here you can measure 400 milliliters 400 milliliters all right write that right up there for teachers there's a special thrill in the moment when a pupil's mind and face are illuminated by the sudden Brilliance of comprehension when it happens it's something to be shared and uh I think we're really learning metrics look we've been estimating and measuring in metrics the children have even been measuring their heights so I wonder how many inches that is okay I'm 141 centimeters tall Edward isn't converting figures to metric he's converting himself to metric Edward is becoming a metrics convert the same thing is happening to all the children by immersing them in a metric environment the children are becoming a part of this metric environment children become metric people by now we've pretty well learned that conversion tables convert figures but not people we should have learned that we can't lock the metric problem up in the math class and expect arithmetical conversion to solve it getting to know the metric system can be a problem but it offers a wide open opportunity for creative thinking this is our capacity capacity Center what is a capacity a capacity is a play ful like Lisa and Michael spend their time measuring in milliliters now you're full of good ideas Jackie you don't mind if I borrow a few dude no no I've been thinking I could teach geography measuring distances in kilometers it's a good idea to make this a total metric environment in this school imagination creativity cooperation these things are never bad in this situation they are very good teaching is a creative profession teacher creativity encouraged can overcome all sorts of barriers to growth I would admit I'm a threat of magic I'm accustomed to the old system and I just don't think metric well we're all in the same boat and so are many of the children yes but we're we're accustomed to the old system and the kids will be learning metric and leaving us behind no no not if we all share the same learning experience you see that's why I started doing it this way and I think it really works well if it works so well maybe we all should be using it to a school administrator a school-wide do-it-yourself project has appeal by immersing the children in a metric environment they can be prepared to think eat sleep communicate and even dream metrically it's like teaching a new language conversational metrics the key is to get everyone involved get everyone involved is surprisingly easy to do for example with Fahrenheit thermometers removed in favor of Celsius instruments it becomes evident that 20 degrees is comfortable just as comfortable as 68 degrees Fahrenheit used to be good morning boys and girls the temperature is minus 18 degrees Celsius there will be indoor recess in a metric environment a well done paper is written with a margin three centimeters wide after measuring a few margins a pupil just knows what a three centimeter margin looks like we all know what a carton of milk looks like and tastes like in a metric environment we also know that it's about 25 100 of a liter or 250 milliliters good teachers make history live that same capability can be extended to metrics the distance traveled by the Lewis and Clark Expedition was about 10 400 kilometers in a metric environment if the map is an old one with the scale given in miles per inch it's easy to bring the scale up to date the idea of metric distances in sports has been established by TV coverage of the Olympic Games [Music] with metric measures in use in every discipline think metric is constantly reinforced thank you art classes can supply three-dimensional shapes for use in Geometry classes with Dimensions expressed metrically these support the total metric thrust in language arts classes metric system vocabulary becomes a real world example of prefixes mission of a total metric environment goes outside the classroom as familiar objects seen and used are labeled with their metric measurements children begin to form visual images of standard metric measurements [Music] foreign [Music] we learn through the things we see and touch and lift and use here as always the basic principles of learning apply first comes conceptualization then understanding and at last communication and application as the student learns to communicate metrically his understanding of the tens of our system of numbers improves still there are those who will do it the hard way and those who know better it's clear that a total metric environment is basically supportive to instruction in mathematics in which the newly conceptualized ideas of length and mass and capacity are put to use in the math class it all comes together the basic skills measurement and place value manipulative devices such as the floating decimal point chart are applied to decimal measurements while they reinforce understanding of place value the calculator and a map in a social studies class can provide concrete models for the relationship of the TENS for both our number and measure system if the map scale is one centimeter equals 100 kilometers and the string measuring the expedition's route is 104 centimeters long the distance traveled was 10 400 kilometers today's pupils growing into a metric world will find it more manageable if metrics have become a part of them awkward calculations made easy hesitation over choice of tools eliminated these and many other advantages when they have learned the metric language the challenge for us as teachers is clear our students must live in a metric world a world where they will need metric measuring skills a metric vocabulary and a working knowledge of the structure of our measuring system only then will they be able to apply this system in Communications in problem solving and other situations that are natural part of their everyday experiences as we begin to guide them through these metric experiences we're helping them to prepare for the world they are facing providing such experiences can be exciting challenging and rewarding just this morning I was bragging how my car gets 10 kilometers to a liter of gas and do you know my children are learning measurement and place value at the same time the next thing you know I'll be dreaming in metrics it's been said that when you dream or daydream in a second language you've learned it and dreams are an outgrowth of our daily experiences Now's the Time for you and your pupils to join those who are already living metrics [Music] it's important that we count you in [Laughter] [Music] thank you [Music] so I'm a big proponent of metric system and what's hilarious is all right so in collecting films I collect 16 millimeter but then it's expressed in feet that's feet on the Reel so this is an 800 foot reel of 16 millimeter so it's it's so weird um but yeah you know there's metric system is so much easier to learn it's so easy and I went through this as a kid like I was like yeah yeah okay cool cool yeah I get it I totally get it and then poof disappeared um along with solar panels on the White House they all went away um but this film it seems it feels like an indoctrination film for teachers it's really like he's becoming a metric person and you know it's kind of like a cult um I can understand why people are like whoa whoa whoa um but anyways uh let's visit a tree farm enjoy [Music] Johnny and Kathy have been spending their vacation on Uncle Jim's Farm when Uncle Jim finds time he tells them about the many activities on his farm he's a farmer who grows food crops like corn and wheat [Music] but on some of his Farmland which is too hilly for food crops he grows trees so he's a tree farmer too tree Farmers grow different kinds of trees Uncle Jim and Mr Jackson a Forester are showing Kathy and Johnny some pine trees pine trees are also called Soft woods and grow quite fast these Pines grow about two or three feet a year pine trees have sharp needle-like leaves which cling to the tree throughout the winter so these trees are always green and often called evergreens other tree Farmers grow different kinds of trees called Hardwoods they have broad flat leaves most hardwood trees drop their leaves in winter uncle Jim's trees are used for lumber paper and many other products a Forester like Mr Jackson can help Uncle Jim Foresters are men who know a lot about trees a Forester knows when a tree is big enough to be cut or harvested or when it should be left to grow larger tall straight trees make the best Lumber Mr Jackson makes a mark with paint on the trees that are to be cut later the marked trees are cut down with a power saw for harvesting Uncle Jim has the help of some men called loggers there is no special time for harvesting trees most often they are cut down when there is a buyer for them a logger can cut a tree so that it will fall just where he wants it to without falling on other trees [Music] the tree will fall on the side where the notch is cut with a power saw he can cut through the tree very quickly [Music] go [Applause] The Lager has cut the Tree close to the ground leaving a very short stump so that most of the valuable wood is harvested when the branches are cut from the fallen tree it is called a log Mr Jackson pulls or skids the log over to a clearing or open space now the log is cut into shorter lengths and now the trucks are ready to take the logs to a sawmill the load is fastened down the truck will soon be on its way to the mill now Uncle Jim is thinking about a new tree crop growing new trees is as important as harvesting the older ones he tells the logger about his plans for planting seedlings very small trees Uncle Jim gets his seedlings for the new tree crop from a nursery such as this one in the nursery seedlings are grown from tree seeds here the seeds are being planted by hand these seedlings are just eight weeks old the nurseryman is pulling weeds from around the seedlings so that they can grow better spraying with a chemical protects the seedlings from damage by insects and diseases when the seedlings are about two to four years old they are large enough to be dug up and sent to tree farms the seedlings are delivered to Uncle Jim's Farm packed in bales before the young trees are planted in a day or two they need to be kept out of the Sun Kathy is watering them so they won't dry out this morning Johnny and Kathy are watching the seedlings being planted by Uncle Jim and his helper Uncle Jim decided that the soil in this field is not too good for food crops but is all right for trees let's see how the planting is done the seedlings can be planted by hand but using Machinery is faster uncle Jim's tractor pulls a mechanical planter first the planter digs a trench for the seedlings then uncle Jim's helper places the seedlings in the trench the rear wheels of the planter close the trench and packed down the soil around the seedlings in another part of the tree farm some older trees are being cared for one job is pruning that is cutting off the lower branches doing this helps to grow stronger better trees that produce good Lumber this road is another way of caring for the trees the road is kept clear and is called a fire break it would help keep a fire from spreading fire cannot easily cross an open space like this on very large tree farms like those in the Far West towers are helpful in locating fires fire Watchers scan the skies looking for smoke from the lookout tower we can see hundreds of Acres of trees on these large tree farms helicopters are often used to plant new trees [Applause] [Applause] thousands of tree seeds are loaded into the helicopter the tree seeds have been treated so that animals will not eat them from the air the seeds are scattered over the land where the old trees have been harvested so the seeds are dropped from the helicopter onto the ground all of them will not take root but many will grow into seedlings caring for trees includes spraying to control insects a helicopter is used to spray trees on large tree farms very large trees are usually cut on these Western tree farms good highways help speed the truck from the farm to the saw me next to some of the Sawmills are ponds the logs are dropped into the pond and kept there until they are ready to go to the mill in the water the logs are easy to handle and are also protected from fire logs are pushed to a chute where a moving chain pulls them up into the sawmill the bark is removed from the logs by powerful streams of water this makes more of the log usable for lumber and other purposes now the logs are ready to be cut into boards here is a very large log being cut [Music] so we've seen what happens to the logs in The Sawmill of a large tree farm an uncle Jim's Farm Kathy and Johnny's vacation is almost over Uncle Jim has a surprise he has bought each of them a Seedling they're the kind that can be planted in a backyard now they have their own trees to remind them about the many things that happen on a tree farm how the trees are planted how they are cared for and how they are harvested [Music] it's funny there's a Uncle Jim also has a dairy farm but this is not this is not part of the Coronet Cinematic Universe it is actually that's part of the jam handy Universe um but it's interesting that Uncle Jim just lives on a farm uh yeah so normally I don't like to talk about current headlines but uh Paul Rubens has passed and that's um I saw in the comments and kind of verified it uh and so he holds a special place and in my heart uh because of uh his HBO The Pee-wee Herman HBO special featured a film that uh I was able I saw when I was I think in the eighth grade and I was like wow that's a crazy thing and it was so it's one of those things that kind of made me start thinking about old school films as being funny or interesting and also he was on uh Pee Wee Herman was on this thing called um I can't remember it was a Saturday Night Live replacement and so there was a segment a segment on it was done by Steve Martin at the time I love Steve Martin so he was on there then doing skits and then there was uh Devo's beautiful world video there was uh Pee-wee Herman bit and then quasi at the quackadaro my favorite cartoon of all time and I have met uh the Devo people I have met the woman who animated quasi of the crocodero and I was hoping at some point to be able to meet uh Paul Rubens but um we actually helped digitize things for a documentary that was going to come out about him that I think I'm not sure the status of it but we digitized um an early film that he was in and also a some home movie footage of him and uh uh Larry Bud Millman going to Universal Studios and to uh Disneyland um which was very odd but anyways um his uh yeah Paul Reubens was pretty great so anyways here's the film that um was on that HBO special enjoy [Music] [Applause] foreign [Music] just before lunch one day a puppet show was put on at school it was called Mr Bungle goes to lunch it was fun to watch in the puppet show Mr Bungle came to the boys room on his way to lunch he looked at his hands his hands were dirty and his hair was messy but Mr Bungle didn't stop to wash his hands or comb his hair he went right to lunch [Laughter] then instead of getting into line at the lunchroom Mr Bungle pushed everyone aside and went right to the front even though this made the children laugh no one thought that was a fair thing to do then in the lunchroom Mr Bungle was so clumsy and impolite that he knocked over everything and no one wanted to sit next to him and when he finally knocked his own tray off the table that was the end of the puppet show the children knew that even though Mr Bungle was funny to watch he wouldn't be much fun to eat with Phil knew that a Mr Bungle wouldn't have many friends he wouldn't want to be like Mr Bungle later Miss Brown said it was time for the children who ate in the cafeteria to go to lunch she hoped there weren't any Mr bungles in this room Phil stopped to return a book to Miss Brown while his friends went on to the lunchroom he would have to catch up with them later on his way to catch up with his friends Phil almost walked past the boys room but he stopped and fought were his hands clean no they were a little dirty Phil remembered that Mr Bungle didn't wash his hands Mr bungle's hair was messy too Phil didn't want to be like Mr Bungle inside the boys room Phil was surprised to see some of his friends washing their hands too Phil washed his hands well with lots of soap then he rinsed the soap off Phil dried his hands well too when he was finished he threw the paper towel in the basket where it belonged and then he made sure that his hair looked neat now Phil and his friends were ready for lunch there was a line of children waiting to get into the lunchroom when Phil got there he saw some boys he knew at the front of the line they waved for him to go up to the front with them but Phil didn't want to break into line as Mr Bungle did so Phil went to the end that was the fair thing to do he would see his other friends inside the lunchroom the line moved very fast and soon Phil was inside first he picked up his tray then he got his silverware he put his knife Fork and Spoon neatly on the tray and then he slid his tray along he always enjoyed looking at the good food in the cafeteria it tasted good and was good for him too instead of having a sandwich today Phil decided to take the hot lunch Phil took some bread and butter too and he knew what else he wanted milk but Alice took the last Carton on the tray maybe there was more milk so he said may I please have some milk Phil remembered to say may I and please that was very polite yes there was more milk Phil remembered to say thank you when he took the carton of milk Phil had good manners he didn't want to be like Mr Bungle in the lunchroom Phil didn't want to forget his desserts the cake looked delicious at the end of the line the lunchroom supervisor said she had noticed how polite Phil was and she smiled at him she wouldn't smile at a Mr Bungle Phil went to the table where his friends were he put his tray down carefully pulled out his chair quietly and sat down he knew his friends wouldn't like a noisy Mr Bungle at their table there was someone Phil liked Freddy he always brought his lunch from home it looked good Freddy had a sandwich an apple a cookie and milk before Phil began to eat he always put a napkin on his lap so did Freddie everyone liked Freddy he was very polite for example if he had food in his mouth when someone talked to him he always took time to chew the food with his mouth closed and swallowed before he answered Phil noticed how straight and Tall Freddy usually sat Freddy kept his feet on the floor too Phil would rather be like Freddy than like Mr Bungle another polite person everyone liked was Alice for example when Alice sneezed she covered her mouth and nose this protected her friends at the table from any germs while Phil and his friends ate a boy ran past their table you shouldn't run in the lunchroom only Mr Bungle would do that Phil and his friends wouldn't like to have a Mr Bungle at their table then lunchtime wouldn't be as much fun as it is Phil ate slowly and enjoyed his lunch finally he had eaten everything except his dessert he saved his cake for last only a Mr Bungle would eat his dessert before he had finished the rest of his lunch and Phil wasn't a Mr Bungle the cake was good Phil drank his milk carefully some children are messy when they drink milk but not Phil as each of Phil's friends finished they didn't leave the table but waited for all the others to finish eating too Phil was the last one done he wiped his mouth and hands carefully with his napkin then he cleaned the table where he sat he didn't want to leave his place at the table dirty everyone at the table cleaned his own place well but look at that table it was left very messy Phil thought a Mr Bungle must have sat there but Phil didn't want to be like Mr Bungle so he put his chair neatly into place and his table looked fine not a piece of paper or scrap of food was left on it no Mr Bungle sat here Phil's friends were careful to put their waste papers and empty milk cartons where they belonged in this way they helped keep the lunchroom clean Phil was certain that Mr Bungle wouldn't put his paper in the wastebasket and his empty Carton on the milk tray Mr Bungle probably wouldn't bother to put his lunch tray in the right place either but Phil and his friends did lunch was good today and then Miss Brown told Phil and his friends how proud she was of them they had left their table the neatest in the lunchroom no one here was a Mr Bungle and no one wanted to be are you like Mr Bungle Mr Bungle is a shame because he spoils lunchtime don't be like Mr Bungle have good lunchtime manners and lunch will be more fun for everyone [Music] yeah so um yeah that was shown on the HBO PeeWee Herman special which is is great I I love watching that periodically um and definitely um Paul Rubens almost everything he did was hilarious um and in interesting I mean he when he did uh Pee-wee's Playhouse I don't know who was involved in the process but all the creators that were associated with it Gary Panner Wayne White a whole variety of different people did really beautiful amazing stuff um and for Saturday mornings I was in college when I came on and it was great it was great to sip coffee and watch uh watch Pee-wee's Playhouse all right you will be missed um here is a uh for all of you who's looking looking to get a new job here's a film that talks about that this is how I used to get a job before the internet this is get that job lined up your interview enjoy [Music] Ed [Music] why are you applying for a position here Bill well sir I've always liked the way that this company handled its clients now when when I was living with my family in Middleburg Ohio uh we bought insurance from this company for 15 years and we got to know uh the salesman as a person who handled our claims when I started looking around for a new job it didn't take me long to realize that I had to line up some interviews to get anywhere before people hire you they usually like to talk with you about yourself what you're like how suited you are for their company but they don't have time to talk to everyone that's why most of them like you to send along a resume first [Music] a resume is a written summary of yourself of what you're all about in just a page or two it lets a prospective employer get a look at you at what kind of job you're looking for where you went to school and what kind of work you've done before and I'll tell you I found out a good resume is a lot more important than I thought everybody I interviewed with said the same thing the policy here is that only job applicants who submit a resume get an interview if someone calls up or writes asking for an interview I tell them to send a resume first after all it's the only way I can evaluate all the requests I get each week yes well I hope you'll call us again I hope we've helped you goodbye one of the most important things about preparing a resume is to keep it to the point to make it neat and clean foreign it shouldn't be gimmicky or filled with a lot of unnecessary information just a well-organized sheep with all the necessary information and facts sure some of the best people we have here walk right in without a resume but not many I usually like to know a little bit about a person before I interview him it saves a lot of time for the both of us I mean what good is an interview if I have to spend 90 percent of the time finding out where a person went to school or who they worked for in the past few years of course when the thought of changing jobs first came up I didn't have much idea of how to put together a resume I didn't even know where to start so I figured the best thing to do was head to the library [Music] sure enough there was a whole shelf of books on the subject I found a couple that looked pretty good brought them home they had examples of all different kinds of resumes but I noticed that every one of them always included the same four basic sections your personal background your job objective your education and previous employment a lot of times personal history came first when you were born the condition of your health your military experience your height and weight whether you're married and if you have any kids or not it gives a Personnel director a much better picture of just who you are and what you're like right off the bat but I guess the hardest part of the resume for me was putting down my job objective you have to explain exactly what kind of work you want to do but you've got to be completely honest in evaluating your own abilities and attitude to get some ideas of how to do it I looked at some of the sample resumes in this book and compared each job objective with the person's background and experience I'm a buyer for a clothing store where we'll carry when I got out of high school I worked as a sales girl in the women's section of a department store but I wanted to do something else something more rewarding that's why I wanted to move up to this job now I want to move up again so the first thing I did was put together a resume considering my background and knowing that I wanted a job with more responsibility the job objective was pretty obvious I wanted to be a sales manager of women's sportswear I think it's a pretty reasonable goal considering my previous experience as a sales girl and a buyer I think I'll get it too there are all kinds of job objectives in the book and they weren't all for White Collar jobs either one guy worked on jet engines I enlisted in the Air Force right after high school and they put me to work servicing Jets when I got out that enabled me to land the job here as an electrician's Apprentice but I'd really like to find a job as a technician a friend of mine told me if I were going to start looking around I better have a resume so I made one heck with my background and experience I think I have a pretty good chance to get what I want I had been a claims examiner for an insurance company but I wanted to get out and meet more people and make more money so I decided to apply to several insurance companies for a job as a sales representative since my previous experience had been in medical and life insurance those were the areas I was most interested in once the job objective was out of the way the rest of the resume was pretty easy under education I put down the name of my high school and the year I graduated and that I'm going to night school now at the junior college I even listed some of the business courses I'm taking there to make my qualifications a little stronger as far as employment goes I'm working in claims with an automobile insurance company and before this I worked there during the summer vacations as an office boy I once worked part-time as a Salesman in a hardware store too it wasn't much but it was selling experience and selling is what a sales representative's job is all about so I put down all the jobs starting with the current one first and then going back to the others I also put down the name of each employer and the dates I worked at each job too then I was ready to make the final draft a lot of people ask me what the best format is for a resume well I like to see the most important information first to me that's a person's job experience and school background if I like what I see I'll keep on reading and if I don't well then it really doesn't matter how old they are or where they were born as far as the actual physical preparation goes a typed resume always looks better than a handwritten one if you don't have a typewriter or can't borrow one take your rough draft to a secretarial service and for a few dollars they'll do a neat job of typing it up for you since you'll probably be sending your resume to more than one place you'll want to make several copies and I'd say the photocopy machine in the public library would be about your best bet the quality is pretty good and the price is awfully hard to beat [Music] before I sent out my resumes I still had two things to do first I had to decide who to send them to then I had to write a cover letter for each one well I made a list of 12 companies that I wanted to interview so that meant I had to write 12 letters what should an introductory letter say well first of all it shouldn't say too much it should be brief rarely more than one page and it shouldn't simply repeat what you've already put in your resume the first thing to do in the letter is to identify the position you're applying for be as specific as possible don't just say I want a job with your company let them know exactly what job it is you want and tell them what made you apply in the first place whether it was the want ads or an employment agency or a sign in front of the office or whether you simply took a chance and pulled their name out of the phone book let them know how your interests and experience your goals and desires specifically relate to the type of work you're looking for remind them that you've included your resume and conclude your letter by requesting the next step in the process of getting an interview if it's a local company you might take the initiative by suggesting that you'll call them to arrange an appointment or ask them to write or phone you at their convenience to set things up if possible the letter of introductions should be addressed to a specific person by name and by title but whether you send it to someone specifically or simply in care of the Personnel director make sure your letter is short and to the point don't worry about being cute or clever well I was finally ready to mail the resumes and letters of introduction and to begin the wait for results sometimes the weight can be pretty long after all a Personnel director gets a lot of mail each day and it takes time for him to evaluate each resume still if you haven't heard anything from them after several weeks it's probably a good idea to write a follow-up letter asking what your status is and when they'll be able to plan an interview [Music] a telephone call might help speed things up too but don't be too pushy and be sure to thank them for their cooperation even if they're not cooperating as much as you think they should be in time all of this will eventually result in your goal getting the interview [Music] I was eating some cauliflower and I have it on my nose all right um that day went by very quickly um yeah let's uh let's watch One More film though um this is grouping things in science and science yeah enjoy foreign a group a group of paper plates in a grocery store what do the plates have in common with other products nearby what do paper plates have in common with detergents napkins and the other items non-foods they're all non-foods non-foods are kept together in one large group all the things that our Foods form another large group meats are a subgroup of foods dairy products are another subgroup of foods fruits and vegetables are still other subgroups when we place things into groups and subgroups in this way we're classifying them systems of classification are useful in grouping the items in stores in science systems of classification are also useful living things for instance are grouped by biologists into two large groups plants and animals this group is sometimes divided into two major subgroups one of these subgroups includes animals without backbones such as an octopus a jellyfish a sea urchin a crab and an earthworm these animals without backbones form one subgroup animals such as these animals with backbones form another subgroup but so what what good does it do to group a fish with an amphibian with a reptile with a bird with a mammal what can men learn in this way well for one thing scientists have found that these animals share characteristics other than backbones each has a well-developed brain all mammals and other animals with backbones have brains by placing these animals in a group it's possible to compare their brains measuring the part of a fish brain which makes thought possible scientists have found that it's small compared to the rest of its brain in an amphibian this part of the brain is comparatively larger in a reptile still larger in a bird larger yet and its largest in a mammal this relationship gives scientists a means of comparing the intelligence of these animals another way of using groups can be demonstrated with the various kinds of milk in a supermarket the milk is separated into distinct subgroups chocolate milk is in one subgroup whole milk is in another buttermilk in another and skim milk in a fourth the woman finds the kind she wants easily but let's put back the milk for a moment and suppose that several kinds of milk had been mixed together in each row now the milk is no longer arranged by groups but the groups are still identified by the labels imagine how it would be if we removed them now it's almost impossible for the customer to be sure of getting the right kind of milk it's much easier when the milk is arranged and identified according to groups similarly a scientist is often helped by knowing what group something is in in a hospital a technician finds what type of blood a certain patient has he gives this information to a nurse who goes to a blood bank where blood is kept under Refrigeration all human blood is arranged into four groups type O type A B type A and type B grouping blood like this helps the nurse to find the right type quickly and helps her avoid mistakes which could well mean the difference between life and death for her patient to show another use of grouping suppose a customer comes across something new some tiny biscuits crunchies what are crunchies dog biscuits cat food a breakfast cereal something for a snack seeing that Crunchies are grouped near pretzels we can be pretty sure that they are something for a snack can a scientist learn about something new by finding what group it fits in suppose a chemist receives materials for forming a plastic polymethylacrylate polymethyl acrylate one of a group of plastics that tells him something about it but exactly what sort of plastic is it is it a soft flexible plastic a hard brittle plastic a foamy flexible plastic the chemist has some idea of what sort of plastic it is because he knows that the word acrylate is related to acrylic acrylic Plastics as a group are hard durable Plastics used in making football helmets tail lights shoe heels and other Plastic Products that have to take rough treatment knowing the characteristics of acrylics as a group The chemist suspects that polymethyl acrylate is also a hard durable plastic sometimes a new grouping is useful in a store bacon is generally grouped with other meats but this Grocer's customers looked for bacon sometimes when buying eggs eggs are often eaten with bacon so the grocer decided to group the bacon and eggs together in science it's also useful sometimes to change a grouping think of the things astronomers see in the sky first there are tiny points of light for centuries men have known that these are stars and planets but there's another group of objects hazy patches of Light which have not been so easy to identify at first because of the hazy or nebulous appearance of such objects the name nebula was given to each patch of light then in 1924 it was determined that these objects are not all the same some are distant Assemblies of stars but others are concentrations of gas and dust and are much nearer because of the differences between these two kinds of objects it no longer seemed accurate to include both in a single group today the term nebula is usually used for the gaseous clouds the term Galaxy is used to describe each distant assembly of stars a new grouping was made based on new information can you think of other groupings used in science how are rocks grouped how many ways are there of grouping seeds why are microscopic animals grouped as they are are you beginning to see the value of grouping as a basic tool of science [Music] they end with more questions than they've answered it feels like uneven anyways uh thanks for tuning in today very much appreciate your eyeballs uh tomorrow's a special day and I'm not gonna say why I'll let you guys try to figure it out uh so come by tomorrow and we'll try to figure out what we're going to do to mark this special day everybody have a great rest of your Monday and we will see you tomorrow if you like what you saw hit the thumbs up the like button the Subscribe button you can also donate via the super thanks button or the patreon.com avgeeks or Kos KO Dash fi.com those are ways to financially support us uh otherwise we will see you tomorrow everybody take care