AV Geeks 16mm Lunch 7-20-2023

foreign I wanted to get some time with her uh actually uh water skiing uh hi I'm skip Alzheimer welcome to the AV Geeks lunchtime streaming show where sometimes I get so excited about what I'm going to show that I forget that I actually need to start showing the material and uh that's what happened is I was like I don't know I'll show this oh we haven't seen this one I want to show this one and then I was like what time is it oh I should have started five minutes ago uh anyways thank you for your patience and I'm sorry if I panicked you I'm sorry if you have keyed your life to uh the show going off like exactly when it's supposed to go off um don't do that because I can't do it uh all right let's get started watching uh film about amphibians enjoy [Music] if you've ever gone swimming you probably know that it's a lot of fun to try different ways of swimming this boy is doing a stroke that's sometimes called the frog kick can you guess why now we can see how the frog kick probably got its name the strong hind legs of the Frog help make it a powerful swimmer frogs spend most of their lives in or near water but they can also live on land animals that live part of their lives in water and part on land are called amphibians this word means both kinds of life frogs and their close relatives the Toads have no tails and are sometimes called the tailless amphibians amphibians with Tails include salamanders this is one of the many kinds of salamanders the salamanders of a certain family are called newts they're quite common and are often found in pools or damp places in the woods another amphibian that has a tail is the mud puppy using its gills to breathe it spends all its life in the water in spite of these differences all amphibians have moist soft skins and all of them live in or near the water a pond in Spring is a good place to look for amphibians coming out of their winter sleep hear that it's a cricket frog another amphibian the cricket frog gets its name from The Sound it makes do you think it sounds like a cricket air fills its throat which puffs up like a balloon this vocal sack as it's called makes the sound louder and so although it's a very small animal the Frog's voice can be heard A Long Way Off in the spring female frogs lay their eggs in the water a dark mass of eggs can be seen just below this Frog's body these tiny eggs which have no shells are held together and protected by a mass of jelly-like stuff which covers them in about two weeks these eggs are ready to hatch here we see the tiny eggs greatly enlarged by the camera baby frogs that emerge from the eggs are called tadpoles as you can see baby tadpoles look quite different from adult frogs they have tails like fish and like fish baby tadpoles breathe through gills they have no lungs here we see the gills on either side of a tadpole's head oxygen which the tadpole needs to live is taken from the Water by the gills after a few days these gills disappear they have been replaced by gills inside the tadpole's body water is taken through the tadpole's mouth passes over the gills where it gives up oxygen and then passes out through a little hole on the left side of the body called the spherical this word means a breathing hole here is a tadpole gulping water through its mouth and here on the tadpole's left side is the spherical through which the water comes out besides getting oxygen the tadpole also finds food in the water tadpoles eat very small plants in time the growing tadpole develops two hind legs and after a few more weeks two front legs grow at the same time the tadpoles gills disappear and its lungs begin to form now the growing tadpole looking more and more like a frog must come to the surface often to gulp air its mouth is also changing becoming wider for a while the tadpole stops eating gradually its body uses up the material in its tail for nourishment as the tail gradually disappears The tadpole completes its chains into an adult frog the change is called metamorphosis this word means a change of form most amphibians undergo metamorphosis salamanders for instance have gills during their early life in the water somewhat like those we saw on the tadpoles as adults salamanders live on land and most of them have lungs all amphibians have a skin without hair or scales which must be kept moist most amphibians do some breathing through their moist skin and so usually stay where they can get to water or damp places the Frog for example does a little breathing through its skin both in water and in air but it breathes chiefly with its lungs all amphibians have backbones and are called vertebrates this word means bones that turn most amphibians in the adult stage have legs although water frogs have webbed hind feet that help them in swimming toads and some land frogs have little or no webbing on their feet tree frogs have small suction cups on their toes these tiny discs help them climb trees and shrubs amphibians feed on snails worms small fishes and other tiny animals found in the water but for most amphibians the main food is insects watch the Frog and grasshopper closely did you see it with lightning speed the Frog flicked out its long sticky tongue and seized the insect let's watch the Frog again we'll slow the action down in the camera there it is even in slow motion the whole thing happens very quickly by closing its mouth the Frog helps push the food down into its stomach because of their eating habits frogs and other amphibians especially toads are very helpful to man in destroying harmful insects amphibians are protected from their many enemies by camouflage is it easy to see the Newt among the Pebbles some amphibians such as this tree frog not only have coloring that makes them hard to see but they can slowly change it this tree frog is green like the leaf it sits on when the same frog is on Brown Bark what happens very slowly the color changes until it's somewhat brownish like the bark now it would be much harder for an enemy to see the Frog unless it moved there's another way the Frog can escape enemies by jumping powerful hind legs are used to make amazing leaps behind legs are not only used on land but also in water in the water or on land all amphibians produce so little body heat that they are as cold as the air or water that surrounds them we say they're cold-blooded as the weather gets cold in the fall and lakes and ponds begin to freeze over some amphibians go down to the bottom of the lake or pond here they lie very quietly sometimes partly buried in mud or gravel all their life actions continue but are slowed down the Frog Almost stops breathing and the very little oxygen it needs to stay alive is taken through the skin instead of the lungs this winter long kind of sleep is called hibernation it lasts till spring other amphibians such as salamanders and newts hibernate in protected places on land so hibernation is another characteristic that all amphibians share we've seen that all amphibians begin their lives in water equipped with gills those that undergo metamorphosis spend part or the rest of their lives on land we learned that even on land amphibians live in damp places near water some amphibians like the mud puppy never lose their gills and spend all their lives in the water in spite of many differences all amphibians have the same general structure whether they have tails or not all amphibians have backbones and belong to that family of animals called vertebrates they are the only animals with backbones that go through distinct stages of development or change the change is called metamorphosis they are creatures well fitted to live both on land and in water and that's why they're called amphibians foreign [Music] I like we went from one scene where a woman was in the water our girl was in the water to another scene where girl was in the water when people were in the water love it I'm eating some broccoli so yeah um let's figure out uh how do you figure in bookkeeping and accounting enjoy [Music] what do accountants and bookkeepers do all day anyway I can't understand is how they keep from going crazy all those numbers I know the big companies have accountants and bookkeepers but what about the little guy with his own business how could I be an accountant or bookkeeper I have trouble counting my toes and fingers I like to work with people how can I do that if I'm in accordance to sit chain to a desk writing numbers in a book thank you [Applause] [Music] my uncle was an accountant he's an energy what kind of future is there in accounting aren't the machines taking over I don't care how many machines you have it still takes people to make the decisions [Music] foreign [Music] hey come on you call that a job fooling around with numbers in a three by five office it sounds so monotonous counting checking counting checking what kind of life is that any job that lets you sit around counting money every day can't be oh you could always tell the bookkeepers a mile away they're the guys that squint a bookkeeper accountant are you kidding I want a job with a few of the few CPAs oh yeah I think the guys that control planes around an airport ever see me trying to do my income tax I'd rather have a job with real responsibility [Music] keeping track of all these numbers is the job of accounting and bookkeeping Personnel like me Donna fountains and bookkeepers work in medium-sized offices like this where each person is generally responsible for several record-keeping tasks others work in accounting Departments of large corporations Departments of this size may contain a number of employees who have specialized in one area of accounting and bookkeeping small businesses usually have one or two accountants or bookkeepers who handle all the record-keeping duties sometimes the proprietor of a small business is his own accountant and bookkeeper or he may hire an accounting service accounting Personnel normally maintain the day-to-day transactions in journals and ledgers and at regular intervals they prepare summary statements showing the amount of money received and paid out by the business a clear logical view of the business is required you know you've got to be methodical you've got to have a logical mind Joanne that is no seriously though I really think that's the most important thing if you want to be a bookkeeper or an accountant you know I keep all the records for the employee insurance if you have much contact oh yeah sure they call me they come in and see me I just do my work Cloud Insurance is very important particularly if you have to go to the hospital you have to like working with numbers and keeping records that's right and I going along with that Joanne I think you have to be thorough and accurate in in everything you do when you uh also you have to have a liking to be perfect in what you do yeah you try you try and you have to like it and you have to really hang in there until you feel it is and because people you know people are affected by what you do so you have to be sure that's right I have a responsibility you know I don't know about you and I don't know about you Mickey but when I was in college I wanted to be a pro football player I saw one of those big linebackers right absolutely 100 right but if you were to look let's look at a so-called glamorous career as a pro football player what is his longevity maybe 10 years right between a guy who's 29 30. he's over the hill as a football player I'll say one thing as an accountant as a bookkeeper I have an opportunity for a good and successful career and a good salary and a paycheck every week and that makes your wife happy my wife when you first enter business what kind of accounting work can you expect to do well probably not accounting but record keeping and filing companies use different methods of filing transactions and correspondence and that's one of the things you'll have to learn how your company works then you'll begin doing things like recording daily transactions in financial journals you'll work with sales slips charge sales invoices inventory records requisitions and other special forms and Records you'll be expected to verify and record them as they occur in the journal you may also begin operating calculating an accounting machine but whatever jobs you're given at first you can be sure of one thing how you do them makes a difference bookkeeping is any important function of all businesses successful businessmen based many of their decisions upon the financial information compiled by the accounting Personnel so it's really important that bookkeepers and accountants do the best job they can for one thing this means keeping careful track of a lot of information and of course the work has to be absolutely accurate another part of accounting work is deadlines time schedules Daily records have to be accurately entered that day not the next and weekly bi-weekly and monthly records must also be completed within their time limits I like to think it takes a special kind of person to be a really good bookkeeper and account and the other thing that's very important is what I call connection I feel connected to the business and I'll tell you how because I handle the figures and I am an important guy because and when I'm busy The Boss tiptoes by my desk because he knows that if I don't get the figures right he's not going to be right but your boss also knows you're honest and that's a big thing that's right no I handle Commodities and handle a lot of money you got to be honest because that's the primary qualification people have to trust you right yes when you're dealing with huge sums of money now for instance sales records for a for an oil company the information that you give them must be vital and accurate it's a matter of honesty all the way down the line right if you're not honest the company can't afford you it's as simple as that I think that concentration is also vitally important you have to be able to concentrate you have to be good in math and you have to like it yeah okay now I know your objections Joanne you're saying okay a person isn't born a math major right right I agree with you anybody can learn to deal with figures and do with it quickly right and also the other thing involved is always the excitement for me is meeting a time schedule you have to get things out on time and time and time and I've got a time you know there's another qualification that we completely overlooked that's the working of machines you know whether it's a calculating machine or an accounting machine any type of Machinery you have to be awfully coordinated God bless the machine and you also have to like machines as you get more experience you can expect to be given more advanced accounting tasks or more senior people are responsible for taking trial balances handling billing procedures and calculating employee wages and tax deduction and if you're in a large company you may learn to use computers to help compile and analyze complex financial information computers have reduced much of the repetitive drudgery that was sometimes a part of record keeping in large business organizations in bigger companies there's considerable specialization and opportunity for variety in your bookkeeping work in our company for example Mr summerfeld handles our accounts receivable Mr Johnson does our accounts payable Mr Freer handles two jobs accounts classification and classification control Miss bellino does our medical vouchers Insurance record keeping and computation Mrs Thomas who has a background in banking is in the commodity loan department of course you may want to enter a small company where you'll have an opportunity to learn all of the bookkeeping work or you may choose to go on to college and major in accounting usually accountants and certified public accountants CPAs have a college degree much of the opportunity you will have in bookkeeping and accounting will depend on how well you prepare yourself no matter how you train High School College business school or on the job accounting is sometimes called the language of business and the more proficient you become while training the better your prospects for a satisfying and rewarding career today there's an increasing opportunity for a wide range of interesting and important work as a bookkeeper and accountant [Music] [Music] [Applause] thank you I feel like was made in the late 40s and features a very young Dick York who is thinking about taking some bookkeeping classes because he wants to help on the farm at the family farm so that's how long was that like 20 years before they 15 years before they made a new one um they're like no that that bookkeeping you film that's fine kids in the late 60s they they're they're okay with that um all right we're gonna try to use the scanner back here uh it's being problematic today um and so today's film I'm gonna try not to duplicate the last two days this film is called um uh primate head injuries for Fun and Profit and uh I think that we're gonna be okay with the content no I'm kidding um although I don't know what that so this is uh all right let's just watch this sound 1A Dr Stanley Milgram human aggression revised [Music] these teenagers belong to a gang the young skulls in this film we will follow the gang through an ordinary day and see what part aggression plays in the lives of its members for aggression is not something apart from life but is deeply interwoven with it [Music] [Music] we will examine modern psychological theory and research that tells us where aggression comes from how it is shaped and what purposes it serves aggression is not just horsing around aggression is not just an emotion such as anger no aggression is an action taken with the purpose of inflicting harm people may act aggressively against other people property or symbols aggression often results from a specific provocation such as a frustration invasion of territory or a threat but the nature of the triggering incident is not always clear [Applause] [Music] perhaps the gang was splashed by the car and is now retaliating Perhaps it is a symbol of something they resent aggression is present in all animal species and is as much a product of evolutionary development as wings claws and eyes it is present because it is indispensable for survival animals fight to establish a dominance hierarchy a pecking order which determines which male has Priority Access to food and to females animals fight to protect territory one of these fiddler crabs has invaded the territory of the other and is attacked and animals attack other animals for food but almost always their Praise of another species aggression is often expressed as a threat rather than a consummated Act threats are often enough to decide who will back down and who will prevail an aggressive Aura sends an intimidating message to those around it a message that the gang is to be respected and not messed with [Music] the Supreme Court you come down here and my boys will if any of my if any of y'all want to [ __ ] this dude up that got my permission all right y'all got my permission he told me he quit and he went Blue Angels colors all right if I'm telling you man plays its part in provoking human aggression here a member of a competing gang the Blue Angels is challenged as he attempts to enter the turf of the young skulls the young skulls grab the colors of the Blue Angels through the use of symbols and language humans engage in a process of pseudo-speciation treating the out group as if it were another species treating symbolic distinctions as if they were biological ones then acting as Predators toward them conflicts over territory are not limited to lower class youths middle class residents of this Brooklyn neighborhood are equally willing to fight against the incursion of Outsiders more generally any challenge to the accepted social order May trigger an aggressive response one rule of social life is that when standing online it is first come first served here a Confederate will ignore the rule the violation of the rule provokes aggressive gestures and threats I don't even know these two suckers dominance and the challenge to dominance plays a role also in human aggression the land sitting on the ground has challenged the hierarchy of the Gang you know punishment I never known a skull again so your soul to the devil but this is the devil and we are his demons so you in hell now and you must work and you're gonna burn okay the leadership reasserts its power by forcing him to undergo a ritualized beating [Applause] oh my God it's not hard to find instances of aggression in the real world but the problem for the psychologist is to find a way to study aggression aggressive behavior in a precise exact way in laboratory situations where he has some control and where the person who's the object of aggression the target of aggression does not actually get hurt I wrestled with this problem for a long time in 1960 a simple solution occurred to me and that is a subject could be allowed to administer a graded series of shocks to another person I drew a set of sketches of a shock machine it was later to be called an aggression machine I moved on to use this machine for the study of obedience but other investigators Arnold bus for example used the machine to study aggression per se he showed us that men will administer higher levels of shock than women Leonard Berkowitz studied the effects of frustration and the effects of arousal of imitation of aggressive action using this machine I think the machine was quite important for psychology because it allowed us to study aggressive behavior in the laboratory of course there are many shortcomings of this kind of study it's somewhat sterile it's a little bit artificial and so we also have to turn to the real world to study the Dynamics of aggression and in the real world young males of many species engage in aggressive play but the high arousal and competitiveness of aggressive play May easily explode into authentic aggression or sometimes the chance presence of an object May convert exuberance into a genuinely destructive Act any simple object may be used as a weapon serve as buffers they create distance between the aggressor and his victim and thus weaken inhibitions against aggressive action get out man each member of the gang occupies a certain status high to low and the booze is passed around according to this hierarchy man is that the dudes go to um the emcee boots but the low man is nonetheless frustrated when he fails to wet his throat with even a drop in the late 30s a group of Yale psychologists proposed that frustration always leads to aggression and that all aggression is the outcome of some prior frustration this frustration aggression hypothesis has been criticized for being overstated but it may yet have some validity a second hypothesis concerns the displacement of aggression when the frustrated person cannot Strike Back Against the source of frustration aggression will be displaced onto other objects or persons Milgram and shotland demonstrated in a recent experiment that frustration definitely provokes aggressive action in this experiment subjects come to a gift Distribution Center in order to receive a radio they had been promised in the control condition a sign on the office counter politely states that the office is temporarily closed because of illness and the subject was to kindly pick up his radio in another room of the building a minor inconvenience perhaps but no real frustration since the radio would soon be in hand among the office Furnishings a charity display for project hope with several dollar bills visible through the lucite Bank the behavior of all subjects was observed by concealed video cameras the second condition was identical to the First with one exception a severe frustration was introduced the subject was bruskully informed that he would not receive the radio that had been promised damn after severe frustration subjects broke into the charity box three times more often than in the non-frustrating condition frustration is more likely to produce aggression when it is perceived as illegitimate frustration as when this girl tries to usurp the man's right to the phone without any particular justification the frustration seems more legitimate in the case of a pregnant woman and is thus responded to with greater equanimity illegitimate frustration the reason the watch isn't ready is not perceived as valid and frustration leads to a blow up I am sorry so this is not ready right now why not we had something more important to do what's more important than my watch sir it's not ready I don't care just give me the watch I'll take it someplace else and get it fixed right that's all just give me the watch that's not company policy I don't care what company policy is I want the watch and I want it now legitimate frustration the frustration is just as real that a death in the jeweler's family makes it legitimate uh no I'm sorry your watch isn't ready yet you see the repairman had a death in his family oh oh I'm sorry for a couple of days then yes for certain sir okay thanks you're welcome Sigmund Freud said that aggression is inevitable in human life it is an instinct that can never be eradicated but can only be channeled into more or less constructive lines yet modern psychology believes that its expression shaping and strength May well depend on social learning hitting me you know locking me up and all that my father doesn't live with me when I was a little kid that was the last time I seen him when I get punished yeah I gotta be your state at nine o'clock yeah and like when I get hit I get hit with a stick my mother used to beat me up like crazy and they hit me every day my father used to chase me all around the block barefoot the child grows into the man and perpetuates the tradition of violence and the fights among men do not resemble the sterile aggression we see in the movies in real fights people grapple scrape and hurt each other from Germany back in the Nazi days the gustavo's wanted to do the torture to the Americans so that's what we got in our games too a Gustavo for those who do wrong brutal parents may serve as models of aggression right but the models may also be found in history here in a specially aggressive segment of the gang models itself after the infamous Gestapo many social psychologists think that the mass media and television in particular teach children to be aggressive in an experiment carried out by bandura and Walters children were shown a film of an adult who repeatedly pummeled and struck an inflatable doll the frequency with which violence is depicted on television is very high by the time a child has grown to adolescence he has probably seen more than ten thousand acts of violence depicted on the TV screen in the second part of the experiment the children were allowed to play with the same doll shown in the film children who saw the film struck the doll more often and more vigorously than a control group of children who had not seen the film thus aggression shown in the mass media they serve as a model for social learning man was happening there is a special group of people whose job is to deal with aggression that has gotten out of hand the police psychologist Morton Bard has set up a program to train the police in psychological principles of intervention when people are at each other in Conflict situations it is the police are called upon to serve as a third party to bring that dispute to some constructive outcome my research has been concerned with interpersonal conflict management with providing the police with the skills and the competence to bring about these resolutions no I think it should be noted that the closer and more intimate a human relationship the more likely it is that there be an aggressive interaction what about the police how do you get along with the police we get along with the way same they get along with us man terrible if you put the third party in the position of getting between disputing parties so to speak you expose that person to the most volatile of human aggressive motives on arriving at the scene of a dispute the very first thing that the officer must do is to identify possible sources or weapons of opportunity to secure the premises to separate the participants once having done that he has to then ascertain the facts he has to participate in a process of gathering information to know how to gather the information how to process that information how to develop a plan about what he has gathered and then to make a move in implementing that plan throughout this film we have shown how aggression is not simply a property of an isolated person but is interwoven with the life of a group an experiment by Milgram measures the degree to which group pressure induces aggressive Acts four people come to a laboratory to take part in a study on the effects of punishment on learning the man with the mustache will administer electric shocks he is the only real subject the others are Confederates he is the learner and will appear to receive electric shocks whenever he makes an error in his lesson the shocks may vary from 15 to 450 volts the experimenter explains that the shock actually used is to be the lowest shock level suggested by any of the three teachers on each trial blue boy girl grass hat incorrect the correct answer is blue girl incorrect answer as I mentioned earlier you three must decide the punishment to be administered let's try 15 volts okay 15 volts 15 volts the two Confederates raised the shock level one step on each trial the subject can hold down the shocks to 15 volts or he can be influenced by the others let's try 165 volts 165 okay I think that's too much the punishment administered will be the lowest level suggested by any of you three I keep it down to 150. incorrect about a quarter of the subjects resist the group and hold the shock to the lowest levels on the generator subjects are some would influenced and hold the shock to intermediate levels another quarter completely capitulates to the group 300 300 300. incorrect correct 330 330. incorrect 375 375. 375. White Cloud pores Rock House incorrect the correct answer is white horse 450. 450 volts 450. Society knows that aggression is too important to be left to laboratory subjects or to brawling adolescents it creates special institutions for the organized infliction of harm on an enemy the way it's kind of really rough because once we get buses Society always got that Mark on us and they never let go see they never can give us a break they even scared to teach us laws you know we want to start getting a little bit of roots in society but they don't want to give us the break so if they don't want to give us the break we go out there on our own and get ourselves together if they mess with us we're gonna scratch their eyes off yeah take my bean shooter with me the group not only pressures its members to act aggressively it provides justifications that excuse such aggression individual excuses appear more legitimate when they are accepted and ratified by the group foreign as psychologists we have studied some of the origins and conditions of human aggression but in the end it is not enough that we understand we must use our knowledge to eliminate the imperfections of society and deprive aggression of its fertile soil former Attorney General Ramsey Clark sums it up this way the three things a society must work at constantly if it wishes to reduce aggression among its people or First Health the mental and physical health the possibility of limiting aggression without major efforts there particularly in Mass Urban technologically advanced Society very very limited second the total environment in which people have to live must be clean and quiet and decent and peaceful we've been so many ways through our environment glorified violence it would seem but finally and so often missed is the factor of Justice the idea that however healthier however good the environment is people will not be aggressive toward each other when they perceive Injustice is wrong Aristotle told us that the chief in Universal cause of the Revolutionary impulses the desire for equality and I think that will always be true both in interpersonal and in international relations we will not be happy with our lot we will not be resigned to Poverty we will not be resigned to disadvantage but it exists and therefore Justice must Prevail if the humans are not to be violent and aggressive toward one another [Music] [Music] foreign where am I where am I oh there Ryan Okay so quite coincidentally um this film was about shocking people primates as well uh although this was a fake experiment uh that is fascinating and I have the entire film that came out called obedience which talks about that whole study it talks about all the variations on it um and some people are like well parts of that were disproved because of you know the subjects were there were some aspects of who were picked and why they were picked and what you know so it wasn't 100 but there's been some like real world stuff going on uh that kind of helped still continue to prove The Obedience experiments um sadly uh humans being uh easily they take their this the responsibility and they place it in somebody else's and then they're they're just kind of coasting based on what the other person says um we see that a lot so anyways it's fascinating film with the street gangs Etc um but no monkeys being shocked this time or rats being shot so is that is that a victory I don't know uh so the next let's see tomorrow I won't be here uh we'll be driving up to DC because we're going to be doing a home movie digitizing weekend at the old Greenbelt Cinema in Greenbelt Maryland if you're in town come on by we'd love to see you um if you have some home movies there's a if you go to the Greenbelt Cinema website there's a place to sign up and we'll digitize some home movies we're doing it in 30 minute blocks so um yeah so that's what we'll be doing Katrina and I on uh we're driving up on Friday and I'll be driving back on Monday so I will pre-record shows and try not to have really try not to have anything related to electricity um being applied to people's skin or primate skin or animal skin Etc but who knows it might it might happen anyways uh buy us some coffee uh Go to KO Dash fi.com slash Avi geese as caffeine is what stimulates our brains uh patreon.com avgeeks is another way to support us uh because we have to buy more film cans and we're paying for storage units and bankers boxes we're buying a lot of bankers boxes because we're cleaning out the basement which is icky and getting rid of the the films that are are too far gone and giving them new lives so um your support uh helps you can also go use the Super Champ function uh you can hit the thumbs up button you can watch other films that we have online you can go to our Tick Tock uh site tick tock.com av.geeks um and you watch short films there those are all great ways to support us but uh it's great to see you thanks for uh bearing with me and we will see you again soon take care