AV Geeks 16mm Lunch 6-5-2024

is for so uh some people just burn through film um film cost is is No Object and it's obvious let me get this uh so uh generally it's uh people who are well Todo who just bought a bunch of film and they're just like sitting there just and so I don't know if that was a glass bottom boat or if they were just looking over the side I I missed that part but that was more of the uh Simon home movies uh Simon family uh that we've been showing things from it started off with entirely too much footage of ice skating and this seems to be a lot of footage of um a pond or lake uh or something uh where somebody's just letting that camera run burning through that film um I'm skip Alzheimer welcome to the avgeeks lunchtime streaming show where we watch old 16 mimer films and those were home movies um but we also have other films and this one is more of our UA our genre our wheelhouse this is uh about how to build better paragraphs from our old friends at cornet films enjoy [Music] this is the story of how our class began to understand how to build [Music] paragraphs it began one morning while we were getting ready for school I was getting the Blackboard ready when all of a [Music] sudden it was soon she'd brought something to class and do you know that was how we really began to learn how to write good paragraphs this is what happened what is that Susan it's surpriz my dog major won at the dog show yes yesterday oh that's wonderful Susan what did he do to win it oh lots of things the thing he did best was called jumping the hurdles I had to throw wooden dump fell over the hurdle and then major had to get it and bring it back to me he did that and everything else so well that he won first prize that's just wonderful Susan Mrs Clark why doesn't Susan write about prize for the school paper what do you think Susan well well would would you rather have someone else write the story oh yes all right then who would like to write the story let's see Janet Bill and Charlie all right now let's get out our pen and papers and have some writing exercise well that's the way it began Janet and Bill and Charlie asked Susan all about her dog major and about the dog show and about the prize and soon the story was written but something was wrong with it what was it but it just doesn't sound right to me now it seems all jumbled up it sure is Mrs Clark yes Janet what is it the story is all mixed up but we don't know what to do let's see let me read you just one of the paragraphs you've written and you try to imagine what each sentence tells major jumped over the hurdle major is a big dog almost as big as Susan last year in a show maor walked around the hurdle instead of jumping Susan has been training him all all year in her backyard the judge gave Susan the prize major had won he brought the dumbbell back to Susan and sat down in front of her at the show this year she was very disappointed last year when he didn't win well could you tell what was wrong how many main ideas should there be in a par paragraph well one main idea that's right a paragraph should have just one main idea let's look at the paragraph again all right well look we say how major jumped how big he is about last year and how Susan trained him the paragraph's about too many things what do we really want to tell about Miss paragraph about how well major jumped over the hurdle and that should be in the topic sentence and that is when we began to understand how to build good paragraphs when they started to write the story they gathered lots of information it was just like having a lot of snapshots about the dog show but all the snapshots are mixed up one doesn't lead to the next so it's hard to understand what happened that's the way we begin working on most stories but now they want to write a paragraph about this main idea how major jumped the hurdle they pick out all information which tells about major jumping the hurdle and just that information when they are sure they have all the information picked out that relates to the main idea they are ready to arrange all of it into a paragraph first the main idea is put into the topic sentence then under it comes how Susan gave major the command then how major jumped the hurdle how he picked up the dumbbell and jumped back with it in his mouth how he came to sit in front of her so she could take the dumbbell and finally how he sat beside her when it was over you see we arranged the information under the main idea so we have a clear idea of what happened that's what Janet Bill and Charlie have been doing selecting and arranging the information for their paragraph if they have done a good job we should understand what the paragraph tells about let's find out all right I'll read it to you listen one of the tests major had to pass was jumping the hurdle when Major's turn to perform came Susan threw a wooden dumbbell over the hurdle then at a signal from Susan major ran and jumped over the hurdle on the other side he picked up the dumbbell and jumped back over again he sat down directly in front of Susan then Susan took the dumbbell and major turned to sit at her side well that's it it's good only it doesn't seem finished we need a good sentence to end it that's all one like our first sentence about the main idea what about major had jumped the hurdle very well but we know that already major had jumped the hurdle even better than Susan had hopy would after we've written a paragraph we go over it and ask is it a good paragraph does it tell about only one main idea remember how confusing the paragraph was when it discussed several main ideas the second question is does the topic sentence tell the main idea interestingly check your topic sentences get your paragraph s off to a good start third have you selected and arrange the information in order remember in building a good paragraph We select and arrange information under main ideas the last question is does the concluding sentence finish the paragraph does it really complete the main idea we have found these questions helpful in building good paragraphs but Janet Bill and Charlie were the ones who really began to help us learn how to build better paragraphs they not only had written one good paragraph for their story they also made a list of the main ideas for each paragraph in their story this was such a good plan and each of them was going to choose one m idea to write a paragraph about why don't you would you like to write a paragraph describing major remember what he looks like what other information will you want to include in a description of major you may want to write a paragraph telling what happened at last year's show perhaps you will want to write a paragraph telling how you think Susan trained major before he won the prize at the dog show this paragraph is the one they wrote or you may want to choose this idea the prize major one but whatever you choose after you've written your paragraph check it remember to use these questions to build better [Music] paragraphs thank you coronette for that um and uh when you start watching a lot of these or for scanning a lot of these you see a lot of common actors actors kids that show up in the uh the little uh one kid who's a little chubby chubbier than the rest certainly not chubby by today's standards but um he shows up a lot it's great he's I was like oh there is that kid again it's almost like wow I like I'd love to see what Thea trajectory of that person is but unfortunately we're not credited we don't get uh information on who these people were so um was pretty pretty great um help me out here that was Mr B natural wasn't it uh The Voice um of the narrator no I don't think so uh it would be convenient if it was but I don't think it is um but um yeah the Mr B natural I think we I've been trying to find that uh when Mystery Science Theater and Rift trxx they were trying to redo a bunch of stuff they were trying to find uh a better copy of that something was better than the SD transfer that was done and they asked me if I had it and I I don't have it and we tried to hunt it down and we have not been able to find the film print so you know the quality that exists is what it is at at the moment uh so behind me I have a film scanner and we have a film set up on there that's not made by cornet I don't think maybe maybe it is the title is kind of clipped on this so we'll see this is four cycle engine enjoy as well as how to repair it the carburetor spark plug cylinder and piston perform basically the same jobs on a four cycle engine as they do on a two cycle engine however two additional Parts have been added to the four cycle engine the intake valve which opens and closes the intake port at the proper time and the exhaust valve which opens and closes the exhaust Port as you increase your knowledge about engines you'll need to learn some Basics top dead center or TDC is the Piston's highest point of upward travel in the cylinder bottom dead center or BDC is the Piston's lowest point of downward travel in the cylinder the stroke is is the distance traveled by the piston in its movement from Top Dead Center to bottom dead center and is measured in inches the Piston makes a stroke while traveling down and another stroke while traveling up one downstroke plus one upstroke of the Piston equals one revolution of the crankshaft the bore is the inside diameter of the cylinder usually measured in inches throw is the distance in inches from the center of the crank pin to the center of the crankshaft main bearing clearance volume or CV is the volume of the combustion chamber above the Piston when the Piston is a top dead center this volume is measured in cubic in piston displacement or PD refers to the volume that the Piston displaces as it travels from Top Dead Center to bottom dead center and is expressed in cubic in total volume or TV is the cylinder volume above the Piston when the Piston is at bottom dead center and is equal to clearance Volume Plus piston displacement compression ratio CR is the ratio of the total volume to the clearance volume as you can see in this illustration the compression ratio is 3:1 for an engine to produce power four operations are required and are known as the B principles each operation requires one stroke of the Piston the four strokes are the intake stroke this provides the fuel for combustion the compression stroke prepares the for combustion the power stroke where the fuel is ignited and burned to produce power and the exhaust stroke which removes the burned and waste gases the fourstroke cycle principle requires four strokes to complete one cycle at the end of stroke number one the crankshaft is made one half Revolution stroke number two completes a full Revolution stroke number three gives us 1 and 1/2 revolutions stroke number four the crankshaft has made two complete revolutions let's go through each stroke step by step on the first stroke or as it's called the intake stroke the Piston moves down in the cylinder this creates a partial vacuum in the cylinder the intake valve is open atmospheric pressure forces air through the carburetor where gasoline is mixed with the air and the air fuel mixture enters the cylinder through the open intake valve at the end of the intake stroke the crankshaft has made one half of a revolution on the second stroke that's the the pison move up in the cylinder and the air fuel mixture is compressed at the end of the compression stroke the crankshaft has made one full Revolution a hot spark ignites the fuel on the third stroke the power stroke the compressed fuel mixture is ignited as the fuel Burns it Heats and expands rapidly the rapid expansion of the gas in the cylinder forces the Piston down both valves remain closed during the stroke at the end of the power stroke the crankshaft has made one and 1/2 revolutions on the fourth stroke that's the exhaust stroke the exhaust valve opens the Piston moves up in the cylinder and the burned gases are forced out of the cylinder at the end of the exhaust the crankshaft has made two Revolution is ready to repeat of operation let's review a cycle in slow motion first the Piston is drawn down by the crankshaft as it starts down the intake valve is open a gasoline and air mixture enters the cylinder when the Piston reaches the bottom of the stroke the intake valve closes and the crank piston back up in the cylinder this compresses the fuel mixture in the combustion chamber as the pist nears the top of the compression stroke the fuel mixture is ignited the mixture Burns and the expanding gas drives the Piston down in the cylinder both valves are closed during the power stroke when the Piston reaches the bottom of the power stroke the exhaust valve opens and the spinning crankshaft forces the pistoning the burned gases out of the cylinder this is the basic operation of the fourstroke cycle engin of a single s of cylinders will contain the same basic parts well I have no idea what that's about um I don't know who made it I don't know who because the title is clipped and the ending is clipped so and so it's hard to figure out maybe it's Brig Stratton because that seems to be prominently uh featured but uh yeah that's kind of the deal um let's watch this next film that was made by Indiana University who has a vast number of 16mm films more than we do um this is bacteria laboratory study [Music] enjoy in his quest for exploration and worlds open before him through the use telescope he has made startling discoveries of great worlds Beyond his own in a similar way he has used the microscope to disc discover the minute worlds that exist around him of these the world of microscopic living things has influenced the Weare of mankind significantly low magnification with the microscope reveals protozoa one- celled microorganisms animal life in its most primitive form and algae microscopic green plants capable of food production by photosynthesis higher magnification is required to study yeast single celled plants which while magnification approaching 1,000 times is used to stud of this microscopic world yet an electron microscope capable of magnifying many thousands of times reveals living things even smaller than bacteria these are viruses the smallest known forms of life although the microscope is useful in the study of bacteria to learn more about these microorganisms it is necessary to grow them in the laboratory this permits study of characteristics important in understanding the activities of bacteria in nature and in disease bacteria are grown on food materials containing the same elements as those required by larger living things if a solid medium is needed augur obtained from seaweed usually is added such a nutrient solution is called a culture medium to keep out unwanted organisms containers are covered with metal caps or are plugged with cotton then before use all nutrient materials are sterilized in an autoclave which uses compressed steam in a manner similar to a pressure cooker as the pressure within the autoclave increases the temperature Also Rises until 121° Centigrade or 250° f is reached and maintained for the necessary time at the end of the heating period the containers and their contents are now sterile free from all living organisms with these nutrients study of bacteria can now be made under controlled conditions for example to grow the bacteria present in soil a small sample of soil is mixed with sterile water and then some of the mixture is transferred into a sterile petri dish a special plate used for cultivating bacteria the lip of a tube containing growth material is heated in a flame then the contents are added carefully to the diluted soil sample and mix gently after the nutrient medium has cooled and hardened the dish is inverted and placed in an an incubator which maintains a constant temperature to encourage growth of bacteria during incubation each bacterial cell in the soil sample grows and divides to form two new cells as shown by time-lapse photography through the microscope the division is repeated approximately each half hour this method of reproduction is known as fishing thus great numbers of cells are created in a short time after one or two days of incubation this tremendous mass of bacterial cells becomes visible to the uned eye these visible masses are known as colonies each colony can arise from a single cell the development of colonies also can be seen when fingers normally carrying bacteria are rubbed across the surface of a nutrient material time-lapse photography reveals the development of colonies to examine the bacteria from a colony a drop of water is placed on a glass slide a wire transfer needle is sterilized in the flame of a burner to destroy bacteria which may be present after the needle has cooled a portion of a colony is picked up and transferred to the drop of water the needle should be sterilized in the flame after as well as before each use a cover glass is then placed over the preparation with the high power objective living bacteria from the selected Colony become visible however to see them more clearly bacteria should be stained for examination at still greater magnification as before a portion of the colony is transferred to a drop of water on a slide this this is dried in the air and then passed briefly through the flame to fix the preparation to the slide to this fixed preparation called a smear a solution of dye is added to stain the cells after about 1 minute the excess dye is removed with water the slide is then dried and placed on the stage of the microscope a drop of special oil is placed on the stained smear the lens which permits magnification approximately 1,000 times is lowered carefully into the oil upon focusing the stained bacteria are easily seen these are basili the rod shaped forms samples from other colonies show the presence of coxy which are spherical in shape those with spiral shapes the spirilla are less frequently found in certain studies special stains may be used to reveal important structures for example the Spore produced by some bacteria permits survival during unfavorable conditions another staining procedure reveals flagella long whip-like structures which enable bacteria to move in a liquid in addition to microscopic examination the characteristics of colonies are used for identification some bacteria produce colonies of specific colors other colonies have unusual surface features a variety of different colonies will be found on nutrient materials exposed to the air for a few minutes frequently on such a plate colonies are found growing together when a smear from a mixed colony is prepared and stained in a special way different bacterial forms are observed these cells represent two different species of bacteria it is possible to separate these forms and to grow each one individually to do this a wire Loop is touched to a portion of the mixed colony and stre lightly across the surface of a sterile nutrient medium after the loop is flamed streaking is continued to distribute the cells following incubation two types of colonies are observed separated on the last streaks specially stained smears reveal that each colony consists of a single type of bacterium each bacterium is now isolated and can be grown separately as a pure culture in addition to cell and Colony features the metabolism of bacteria is also important in identification for example pure cultures of various bacteria can be transferred or inoculated into nutrient Solutions containing a sugar and an acidbase color indicator after incubation the breakdown of the Sugar by various bacteria is indicated by color changes as compared to the control tube which was not inoculated some bacteria also produce gas which collects in the small inverted to another type of activity can be demonstrated when nutrient augur containing starch is inoculated with test bacteria some bacteria digest starch after growth this can be detected by the addition of iodine the darkening color shows the the presence of starch around the bacterial growth the lack of color change indicates that the starch has been digested with an understanding of the requirements for growth and Metabolism of bacteria it is possible to devise methods for their control one common method of killing some bacteria is with Rel relatively low heat a series of inoculated tubes is heated at 60° centigrade in a water bath after various time intervals individual tubes are removed and cooled in ice the number of living bacteria in each tube as determined by colony count indicates that fewer cells survive with longer heating ultraviolet radiations from the Sun or an artificial Source affect bacteria test organisms are spread over the surface of growth materials the dish partially covered and then exposed to ultraviolet radiation after incubation growth appears only where the bacteria were not exposed to the ultraviolet light chemical antiseptics also effectively control the growth of many bacteria a filter paper disc is soaked in a common antiseptic and placed on growth material that has been inoc at with a large number of bacteria after incubation the clear area around the disc indicates killing of the bacteria which came in contact with the antiseptic even though bacteria are extremely small in size we have seen that methods have been developed for studying their characteristics and activities using these and similar techniques man has learned learned not only how to control bacteria but also how to utilize their desirable actions in his own [Music] service oh yeah I got so much laboratory footage it is uh kind of outrageous so many hands with uh test tubes and pipet PS and buns and burners and uh all sorts of glass piping it's uh it's wonderful and did he say Azure as opposed to AAR uh regarding the um medium that you use to create a culture uh that's what I thought he said but I I maybe I misheard it um and maybe that's really the way you play you pronounce it I uh back in the day um um when I guess I was taking biology in um High School it was I thought it was AAR but there you go anyways uh let's see if we can guess what this next film is about it has a very interesting title Child's Play I guarantee you that it is not about a possessed toy um but I don't know like I'm not quite sure this is it says McGraw Hill Child's Play and this is why I enjoy uh doing this uh showing films is that I'm not going to look it up and see we're just going to experience it together it's going to be like a Premiere uh in the 25st century of this film Child's Play Let's see what it's about is it made for children is it made for adults is it made for teachers um is it just an interesting piece of information visually interesting let's see I don't know uh very generic title that could go many different ways enjoy [Music] [Applause] oh [Music] d [Music] [Music] [Music] now we can play house [Music] as we observe children we see and remember their play as an old familiar [Music] friend no but could it be that most of us observe play Without Really seeing it could play like some of our other old familiar friends be taken for granted with children in play is there more than meets the eye this is a nice hat Carrie that is very weird can you pull that's my TDY bear in major often subtle ways the experience of play develops the child mentally physically emotionally and [Music] socially play is any activity that is freely Chosen and pursued for the sake of sheer enjoyment play doesn't have to be forced on the child he wants to play he has a natural urge to play and why because it gives him satisfactions the satisfactions for example of expending his Boundless Energy of constructing fantasies of establishing contacts with other children and adults as well but as a psychologist play means more to me than just enjoyment and it's not just killing time or filling time or keeping the child out of Mischief either it's an instrument for growth a prime indispensable instrument for the development of the child's personality play is not just Recreation it's creation the creation of a sound well balanced individual as individuals develop from infancy through the preschool stage as their personalities become increasingly Broad and complex the nature and scope of play expands correspondingly an infancy play really is solitary kind of play that is the baby is really concerned with himself it's an ego egotistical egocentric kind of play he's not concerned with other people around him because he hasn't had enough experience and certainly is not mature enough so that you'll see a lot of solitary play in young infants and toddlers they'll play by themselves or they will relate to things rather than to specific kinds of uh materials or to people the second kind of play is a parallel play and you'll often see this in child care centers where there are toddlers uh it doesn't matter to them who they play with or who they play alongside of they are more interested in play for the sake of play and if they happen to bump up against somebody they might uh have some problems uh they don't care who they take something from or who gives them something they're more interested again in just sort of being close to other people four-year-olds play more socially but their activity is still informal and independent other children become part of play but drop in or out at will this type of interaction is called associative [Music] [Applause] play as they get older though children begin to play in groups they become evid socializers and it's easier them to get into the Cooperative Spirit they begin to deal with and to understand their peers Group Play is the basis for ongoing Social Development if a child is to learn social skills through his play then one of the ideal ways is to let him bump up in a sense against a lot of other children and find out what it's like to get into a fight or to get into a scrape and then have an adult say to him if you hit somebody he's not going to like you or he's going to hit you back and you may sound like a broken record but this is giving a child lots of feedback so that he can understand exactly what he's doing and what the results of his behavior are this is part of social play a child who insists on grabbing from other children will find out what the results are if he doesn't want to share these are things again that he learns through experience but play is more than an opportunity for children to learn social skills more than an introd C to cooperation and group activity Dr Goldenson play is the child's major means of exploring his world the world of sounds and sights and people and second it's a way of exploring himself his own abilities his own dexterity for example his ability to coordinate to know himself and to form his own self-image [Music] in play the child begins to explore to solve problems to imitate the world as it is and to imagine how it might be exploratory play for example starts early children begin exploring the world in the first 2 or 3 months of life [Music] as muscles are discovered and developed children begin to explore and to understand the workings of the world they become familiar with their surroundings and they learn how to manipulate their [Music] environment problem solving play offers children the stimulation of challenge after challenge [Music] all in facing new problems the child encounters both the experience of coping with frustration and the satisfaction that comes with accomplishment [Music] equally important are the dimensions of imitation and drama in the play of a developing child imitation permits children to become something other than children and dramatic play offers the child Limitless possibilities to prepare for the future it's make believe as I see it dramatic play is a laboratory in which a child can rehearse real life situations he can express himself in these situations and he can also alter his attitudes toward people and things through these situations now between two and three generally speaking the child begins to imitate the sounds and movements of animals trains planes and then he pretends to be a grownup who keeps house tends the baby telephones drives a car these are the first experiences with dramatic play and then from 3 to 6 is the peak period for let's pretend and for make believe [Music] [Music] children don't have many opportunities to work out some of their very strong feelings uh you know they're usually relating to people who are pretty powerful Mommy and Daddy and teacher uh is always larger than they are uh the adults are powerful in the sense they control uh what the child does and he or she is is very much dependent on these powerful people and in relating to these people the young child has to deal with many kinds of confused feelings and so it is important to give the child an opportunity through play to retreat into fantasy and to sort of play out some of these feelings in a more acceptable kind of a world [Music] it's generally agreed among psychologists that dimensions and forms of play go handin hand solitary play and associative play imitative play and fantasy play they are linked together and integrated in the bodies minds and emotions of developing children offering them ways to resolve conflicts opportunities to adapt experiences in dealing with the present and preparing for the future though it might seem random and meaningless to adult eyes play is often the child's work but if play is a child's work what are they working toward preschool play has a major effect on Readiness for school tasks first it increases the child's vocabulary he gets an interest in numbers he gets an interest in colors because the nursery school the home to is colorful and he learns the names of colors very very early [Music] yumy sugar and then he also learns to follow instructions very important in a school life know and more important than anything are the attitudes that he learns which he can carry over into school for example concentration there's nothing more concentrated than a child who's playing and playing hard he's paying attention to what he is doing that carries over hopefully and a problem solving attitude by solving let's say puzzles of various kinds that too can carry over and then there's curiosity curiosity about the World At Large and the things and the people in the world can be awakened and must be awakened in the preschool years what's the every right there Chrissy it is what are they doing there look at this seat on that thing what some of the other rooms do children play to learn conversly children learn to play though the urge to play seems to come naturally to all children how they play is often shaped by others the child has to learn how to play to play well to play in ways that will benefit and enrich his personality he has to learn how to use different materials and he can only learn that if an adult a parent or a teacher shows him how to use these materials and maybe the best way is to sit down on the floor with a small child and play with him and and enjoy that play now many parents have all the toys in the world and leave the child alone and they come home and find that he's sitting in a corner doing nothing why because they were not involved in his play and many homes I find are play impoverished not because they can't afford the expensive toys we talked about because the the common play things are even better in many cases but because there's a tense driving atmosphere in the home or because the parents are too distracted to give the child the attention he needs in his play they may be distracted by their busyness or by their own play itself [Applause] very often I think adults will spend a lot of time and money to select a toy for a child an elaborate kind of truck for example that may cost about $30 or $40 and find out much to their disappointment the child really enjoys playing with the box and the packings more uh this is something that I would not discourage I think that the box and the packing really offer much more for the child by way of enticing him to use his imagination I make a distinction between toys and play things I mean toys that you buy in the store now compare we'll say a boat like this very handsome it floats with a boat that might be made out of pieces of wood scrap pieces of wood he can make his own boats and he can inject his fantasies better into those boats that he makes involved creative just plain fun play opens new Realms to The Growing Child allowing the child to explore the world around her and the men many worlds Within [Music] last but not least I think we Overlook sometimes just the joy and the fun of playing there's nothing more exciting and rewarding than to watch children playing [Music] wholeheartedly a child has an opportunity through play to create something that's strictly his and to do something that's completely original he's been able to use materials and make an impact on his environment that didn't exist before and that's a very powerful kind of experience [Music] so I'm a big proponent of play um I think that it's viable for where am I I think it's valuable for kids and I also think it's valuable for adults to play um and uh yeah anyways I live my life I do certain things work related and adult related but I also try to play I try to come up with activities that are play playful and fun it's great it's why you live to play that's what I'm saying um thanks everybody for tuning in thank you Kevin for donating via the super thanks button on YouTube that's a great way to support us uh you can also go to ko-fi.com avgeeks patreon.com avgeeks those are other ways to support us and uh like I have been saying this week there's going to be a big ask for some money for um shelving and rehousing uh these films uh we're doing some renovation work and so actually I'm going to say right now next week uh my staff has said that I'm not allowed to do my live shows that I'm supposed to help schle 15,000 films out of the archive so I've said I'll do it I mean this is part of what I consider play for me is hanging out with you guys and showing films and you know all that but uh my staff I can't ask them to do something that I'm not willing to do so next week is going to be pre-recorded shows um which will be fun in their own right but uh rest assured I will be schlepping schlepping some uh some films into Vans and then onto shelves offsite so thank you again for tuning in we'll be back again tomorrow live and uh we will see you soon everybody take care bye e for