AV Geeks 16mm Lunch 6-27-2025

Hello everybody. This is Skip Alzheimer. Welcome to the AV Geeks lunchtime streaming show where we watch old 16 mm films uh or footage of people running 16 millimeter projectors. Um and that is what I've been slowly curating uh as kind of the intro um bit to this. Um, I use this as a kind of a test to make sure that things are streaming okay, but over the years I've been finding clips of things and including them and adding them. So, uh, that's what that was. So, that's from a film called The Show Must Go On, which is a I can't remember if it's a film made by Bell & How, but uh, it's raw footage. We don't have the sound for it. So anyways, um so we've been beginning to move things uh from our storage units to the film vault and uh which is a basement which has climate control in at the archive. Um but we're still not back at the archive. We still have some work to do in the archive part that kind of where our offices are. Um and so that's why I'm still at home. Um, but in the course of moving stuff, we've been finding films and scanning them. And some of these we've seen in the past in the last like four or five years. Um, so but they're great and I want to show them. So here's uh it's my hobby featuring Bo Bridges. Enjoy. [Music] Super Sunday will be held. I watch. How's it going? Can't complain. And you hanging in. What's happening? Going play a little ball. You got room for another threeman basketball. Sure. Come on. One man turns into a frog and another guy into a fish and they, you know, go around save the world. I don't know about that. You don't watch cartoons on Sunday? Oh, no. What do you do? Sleep in or something? Here, bum. I got to get some out of the car. You put your books in the trunk. Hey, ma'am. What are you doing? Nothing. Hey, man. I was just looking at your uh collection of pills. What are you doing with so many? It's my hobby. I collect pills. No, really. What are you doing with them? Nothing. I don't really feel like playing basketball. You want to come over? Yeah. Yeah, sure. You know, if I don't get that transmission fixed in another week, I think the thing's going to fall out. Why don't you fix it yourself? I don't know how. That's a good reason. Really, Scott? What's with the pills? Just making a little spending money, that's all. Are you dealing? I hate to use that word. I prefer to call it my hobby. You a buyer? Hey, I got some off the good reds. Oh, no, man. I'm not into pills. Teach his own. You know that stuff can really wipe you out. Well, I don't touch this stuff myself. Yeah, but you're selling it. Look, man, I don't force people to buy from me. If they didn't buy from me, they'd buy from somebody else, right? So, there's no reason in the world why I shouldn't make the bread, is there? Who do you sell to? I don't know. Anybody. You'd be surprised how many pill heads there are in school. In our class? Yeah. And a lot younger, too. You sell to them, too? I sell to anybody who's got the money. That's really heavy, Scott. Forget about it, man. It doesn't concern you. It does now. Why? Cuz I know about it. Well, forget about it, will you? Okay, sure. Hey. Hey. How's it going? Not bad. What you up to? Oh, not too much. How'd you do on that test? Oh, she asked about 10 questions or what in the book? Oh, she always does that. You going to get something to eat? Yeah, sure. Come on. You mean if I knew some guy was dealing, would I turn him in? Yeah. Nah, I don't think so. Why should I? He's not doing anything to me. And anyway, I don't want to get anyone in trouble, man. That's real trouble. Well, yeah, but he's screwing up a lot of people. Yeah, but it's not my responsibility. It isn't. No, I've got enough to worry about just taking care of me. Well, suppose you saw a strange guy, you know, hanging around a playground. Huh? Would you report him? Or wouldn't that be your responsibility either? Oh, no. That's different. Why? Cuz that guy's forcing his trip on other people. I mean, dig. A dealer only sells to people who want to buy. Why are you so hung up into this anyway? What you going to do? I don't know. I don't know what to do. Why? Because you can't. He's your friend. Man, I know. But is it as simple as that? I think you should just forget it. Great. Then I think of all those stupid kids in junior high downing those pills. Man, it really screws me up. Well, then bust him. But don't expect people to like you for it. What do you mean? Oh, people don't like a guy who would bust a friend. Oh, this is different. Oh, is it? But he's dealing to kids and you're busting a friend. Well, if I don't do anything and just let him deal. Hell, I don't know. Hey, what's happening? You got a minute? Sure. Why so serious? No, it's about that stuff I saw in the back of your car. Oh, Ed, I told you to forget about that. It's just that I feel you you shouldn't be doing it, man. It's wrong. I know. You sound just like my mother. Hey, I'm not fooling around, Scott. I'm asking you to quit dealing. Well, you are. And if I don't, what are you going to do about it? You're going to bust me? That would be just great. I get kicked out of school, maybe even thrown in jail. What are you, some kind of boy scout? Oh, Scott. Hell, what you're doing is wrong, man. It's really wrong. Listen to you. You're unbelievable. Just stay out of what doesn't concern you. You know what I mean? You're really something. You're going to quit dealing? Sure. As soon as I sell what I have in the car. No, I mean now. No, man. I'm not. What are you going to do about it? Huh? You going to bust me? [Music] There are a number of ways that you could look at this film. Before you talk about them though, we'd like for you to know something about the film. A film about social responsibility. It's not a term people use very often in everyday conversation. As we see it, Ed is caught in a dilemma. Social responsibility, or what he owes to the society he lives in, demands that Ed somehow stop Scott from dealing to kids. But personal loyalty, what he owes to a friend, demands that he do nothing. If Ed turns in Scott, he loses a friend. Maybe he loses other friends, too. When Barbara says people don't like a guy who would bust a friend, you get the feeling she might not like such a guy. But if Ed follows Scott's advice and simply forgets what he has seen, well, suppose later Ed learns that some kid Scott has sold pills to is ODed, he gets a lot of pressure from his friends. Scott lays it on hard and heavy. Bobby and then Barbara seem to have no trouble deciding where Ed's responsibility lies. And the kind of pressure they put on him is very hard to resist. But put yourself in Ed's place. What would you do? Suppose you found out that Scott was selling pills to your 12-year-old brother. What would you do then? Would that change your responsibility? One evening a few years ago, a young woman was assaulted and pursued down a New York street, repeatedly stabbed, and finally killed. Throughout her ordeal, which lasted nearly an hour, she repeatedly called for help. More than a dozen nearby residents heard her cries, but nobody even summoned the police until it was too late. Now, what reasons might people have in a situation like that for not trying to help? Have you ever witnessed something involving strangers and thought maybe you should get involved? Did you get into it? What made you decide one way or the other? Now, some argue that only a very few of us recognize an obligation to people beyond our immediate circle of family, friends, and associates. In other words, that very few of us have a strong sense of social responsibility. Do you agree? 1974. Yeah, lots of lingo in that. Are you going to bust him? Um, yeah. So, there's a whole series of those and we've shown some um and they all deal with adolescent teenage angst and frustrations and and all that. So, um yeah, we'll continue. The more we run across, the more we'll show. So, this one, this next film, and I've shown this like I think it was in two 2020 in the height of COVID. Um, is a fascinating film. It's made by the Supermarket Institute, but is sponsored by Reader Digest. And I was like, why is this sponsored by Reader Digest? It's called The Front Line. And I'm like, where was Oh, Reader's Digest was shown was sold mostly as you were waiting in line at the checkout counter at supermarkets. I'm like, that's what this is all about. So, this whole thing is about uh cashiers uh at uh supermarkets. And so, that in itself is fascinating. It's beautifully shot. It's in this weird set. And the other thing, the other mystery about this is that there's another woman named Ruth Buzzy, which I'm just baffled by. Like, how could there be two Ruth Buzzies? Um, so here's the front line. Enjoy. [Applause] Heat. Heat. [Music] [Applause] [Applause] Some people call this a war. War or not, one thing is sure. A daily battle is being waged in supermarkets all over this country. A battle for the customer's dollar. [Applause] If a store is to make a profit in the face of today's stiff competition, everyone in it must give its full effort. But like any battle, victory in this conflict is finally won or lost on the front line. With literally millions of dollars at stake, success is measured in pennies. The checker plays a key role in this daily struggle. Methods of handling groceries and customers may vary from store to store, but the basic objectives are the same. Check the customer's purchases accurately, ring them up correctly, and collect the money for the store. And there's more, much more. Probably no job in a supermarket affects the store's success more than that of a checker. Her every action reflects on the store and its entire staff. She is a shopper's last and often only personal contact with the store. To the customer, the checker is very important. Her responsibilities are great and varied. But with all of them, one of a checker's primary obligations is to keep the traffic moving. Sometimes a checkout lane begins to resemble a crowded thoroughare. When jam-ups form, they're hard to get rid of. And the analogy goes much deeper. The colors of traffic control, red, yellow, and green, have a real relationship to the science of good checking. Naturally, the idea is to keep things moving, to keep that green light glowing. Good checking really boils down to the same essentials, no matter what type of equipment your store uses. To demonstrate these essentials, here are three outstanding checkers, all former queens in the checker of the year competition. Meet Ruth Busy of the B&B Supermarkets in Tampa, Florida. A checker for 10 years now, Ruth was chosen international checker of the year in 1964. [Music] Next to Ruth is Pat Hilton of the Alpha Beta Supermarkets in La Habra, California. Pat has 18 years experience and was international checker of the year in 1962. [Music] And this is Rose Scolivino. Rose has four years experience and works for Star Market in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Rose was checker of the year in 1963. And here's another checker you should meet. Miss Jones is not a checker of the year, but she hopes to be someday. She's an intelligent, hard-working, charming young lady. Still a little new to her job, but learning fast. Like most of us, she could learn a lot just by watching experts perform. [Music] The first thing I do when I start the day is get my cash from the head checker. In a busy week, $5,000 or more may pass through my register. Handling it accurately is one of my biggest responsibilities. Once I've got my money counted out and correct, I put my register through a daily inspection. Is there enough tape? Is it dated correctly? Is the register plugged in? Is it zeroed? I always check supplies now when there's time to replace needed items. Are there enough bags to last? I don't want to run out later. I always try to remember that I'm dealing with food. That means that my stand has to be spotless. My merchandise racks must also be in good order before the day begins. The last thing I check is the most important, myself. Appearance means a lot on this job. Thorough preparation is a mark of every good checker. When the day begins, Miss Jones is ready. The idea is to keep that green light on to keep the lane moving, but that's not as easy as it may sound. There are times when caution is necessary. [Music] And sometimes sometimes you must stop altogether. The important thing is knowing the difference. [Music] But so long as you observe the basics, things will keep moving smoothly. Watch an expert. The first order of business is to greet the customer. Then comes an important moment of caution. Is the bottom of the cart empty? I always make certain there are no missed items that might get through unchecked and ring this up as a signal to myself that I've checked the cart. And most importantly, I keep it pleasant and matter of fact. No customer likes to think she is suspected of shoplifting. Ring up the right price and press the right department key. These keys are important to the store's records and planning. Checkers are bookkeepers, too. Multiple priced items should be checked together. Try to hold the first items in this group until they can all be checked through at once. Multiple pricing used to frighten me. I'm not much on fractions. Now, when I see an incomplete group like this, I just slow down a second to be sure I've got the price right. This is what the fraction chart is for, and I use it. There is no such thing as an almost right in this business. If I overcharge, I cheat the customer. If I undercharge, I'm unfair to the store. Fractions mean you charge the next penny. Dropping the fraction can be costly. It might well represent the entire profit on this order. Here's another pricing problem. A price smeared beyond recognition. How do you decipher it? [Applause] This is one time I stop everything. I don't guess. I ring for my supervisor and set the smeared item aside until she comes. In the meantime, I can continue putting the rest of the order through. Although I study the prices and know the specials, I'm always on the lookout for certain booby traps. Some items, like soups, have different prices for different types. Others have identical package designs, but different prices. For instance, pineapple chunks at 39 cents and crushed pineapple at 33 cents. It sometimes seems like a lot of worry about a few pennies. But think a minute. With a store's profit margin of about 1 and a4%, a checker error of only 30 cents means that about $25 worth of groceries must be sold before the store regains the loss. It's more than just pennies. It's a question of your store's success or failure. And once the order is checked, there are still some important jobs to be done. Handling money is one of a checker's greatest responsibilities and sometimes one of the most difficult. Handling money is largely a matter of knowing the rules and following them to the letter. There are many systems, but generally your stores will be similar to this. Defer coupons until the order is paid for. Know your store's policy on check cashing and follow it closely. As you accept the customer's money, call the out of amount, such as 1238 out of 20. Put the check or bill onto the slab and count the change to yourself, then to your customer. And never forget thank you. Lastly, put the money from the slab into the register. And never leave your position with your register open. [Music] Coupons are simple if you handle them right. After the customer has paid the regular price for her order, check her coupons against the purchased items. Sometimes people haven't actually bought the goods specified on the coupon. Total the coupons, take the cash, and refund it to the customer, remembering to do so with a smile. This system makes your job easier and lets the customer know her coupons were credited. Trading stamps are simple, too. Be accurate and remember, they are money. Giving a customer more than she is entitled to costs the store. The final job of a checker is one that most checkers like least, but it's also one of the most important [Music] I guess I can't say I've ever enjoyed packing an order, but I know how much depends on it. It's one part of the store the customer takes home with her. Beginning with the right size bag, I pack heavy to light. That's also the way I'd send the order through if a bagger were working with me. After a solid base is made up with cans and other heavy items, I build up the sides with flats, putting glass and other fragile items in the center for protection. Meat, frozen foods, and ice cream should always be wrapped separately. Finally, light crushables go on top. Knowing the fundamentals makes the job easier and helps you to do it better. But there's one area of checking where each girl brings something special to her job. Where there are no universal guidelines. Personality is something every good checker develops on her own. She learns to communicate a comfortable pleasantness to her customers, making them feel that the store regards them as something special. A smile is always part of the uniform. The job is easier when you do it right. And people are generally nicer to deal with when you treat them right. Checking is never going to be an easy job. The responsibilities are too great. Just consider how much work a good checker does on a busy day. Putting through up to 360 orders, checking some 7,000 separate items. You have to be good and develop good habits such as maintaining space between unchecked items and those that have been checked. These girls are among the best. It takes skill and practice to get this good and a lot of effort. But the basics are simple. Slow down when the situation calls for extra care. Stop completely on those few occasions that require it and keep the flow moving the rest of the time swiftly, accurately, and pleasantly. Remembering the fundamentals may make Miss Jones a checker of the year one day. It might do the same for you. This battle is won on the front line. It's here that the customer has her last important contact with the store. To a large extent, a checker's actions determine whether a shopper will be back. It's a difficult job at times, but learning the skills we've seen demonstrated will help assure that it's done right and will make your task much easier. In your store, you are a vital member of the team. By always observing the fundamentals, you'll be doing your part on the front line. Who'd have thought how radically different um technology has made checking out from the supermarket? The fact one that uh some people don't even go to the supermarket anymore. they have groceries delivered which is kind of a call back to um early grocery stores which would have grocery deliveries. Um, but just the fact that you have UPC codes where it's like beep beep beep. Uh, and now you have selfch checkout and in some places you have RFID checkout where it basically just reads your shopping cart and then charges you. Um, all of those, of course, uh, are trying to get rid of the cashier who, uh, I love. I love a cashier, and maybe they don't love me, but I love talking to them and saying hi and, uh, all that stuff. So, uh, it's an opportunity to kind of be pleasant to somebody else and kind of say, "How's your day? What are you doing this weekend?" You know, stuff like that. I don't know. It's it's something I I missed during COVID and um as soon as I got vaccinated, I was like, I want to go back. I want to say hi to cashiers. Uh all right, so here's a cornet film about vertebrates, specifically fish. Enjoy. Nearly 34s of our planet is covered by water. Water teameming with living creatures of a great variety of different species. A starfish making its way along the bottom. A jellyfish weaving through the water. In spite of their names, these animals are not fish at all. They belong to a major division of animal life called invertebrates. Animals without backbones. True fish are part of another major division. Fish along with amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals are vertebrates, animals with backbones. Most fish have skeletons made of bone. But there are two small groups of fish with skeletons made of cartilage. One group includes hagfish and lampres, jawless fish with long snake- like bodies. The second group of fish with cartilage skeletons includes sharks along with rays and skates. These fish have jaws and most of them live in the ocean. The vast majority of fish belong to a third group, fish with skeletons of bone. We know of more than 20,000 different species and there are probably many more that we haven't yet discovered. There are more species of fish than of all the other vertebrates combined. And there is enormous diversity in size and shape and other adaptations that help each species to survive. But survival also depends on several characteristics that are shared by all fish. All of them have gills that are used to breathe oxygen dissolved in water. On each side of the head, under a gill cover, a fish has four gills supported by an arch of bone. The thin skin of the gills is folded into gill filaments. Water enters through the fish's mouth and flows over the gills which are well supplied with blood vessels. Oxygen dissolved in the water is absorbed by the blood moving through the gills and from the blood carbon dioxide is released into the water. Gills are part of the body structure of all fish. Another typical characteristic of body structure is a skin covering of scales. There are a few species, including the catfish, that have a smooth skin with no scales, but most fish do have them. Scales are plates of bone embedded in the skin. The scales overlap one another to form a tough, flexible covering. There are other features of body structure that adapt a fish for smooth movement through the water. Even though there is a wide variety in body shape, the body of a fish is always more or less streamlined and the skin is covered with a slippery mucus secretion that reduces friction as the fish pushes its way through the water. Fins are another adaptation for movement. Most fish have a pair of fins, the pectorals, one on each side of the body, located just behind the gills. On the underside of the body are a pair of pelvic fins and an anal fin. On top is a dorsal fin which may be divided into two parts. And there is also a tail fin. Each type of fin has its own function to help maintain balance or to steer or to push the fish through the water. And many fish have another adaptation for movement. In the body cavity under the spine is an airtight sack called the swim bladder. By increasing the amount of air in the bladder, a fish can rise in the water and a decrease in the amount of air makes the fish sink deeper. Along with these adaptations for movement, most fish share some other characteristics. Usually the eyes of a fish are located on opposite sides of its head, giving it two nearly separate fields of vision. A fish has no eyelids. Its eyes are continually being cleaned by the surrounding water. Fish have the same five senses as most other vertebrae animals, but they also have another type of sense organ located in a row of scales called the lateral line. These organs are sensitive to the vibrations and pressure waves sent out by objects in the water and by the movement of the water itself. And that makes it possible for a fish to avoid obstacles or to find a hiding place that it cannot see. So there are several characteristics of body structure that are shared by all fish. Some of these characteristics are also found in a few other animals. A porpus has a body shape very much like that of a fish. But porpuses along with dolphins and whales are mammals. They have lungs and they breathe oxygen from the air rather than from the water. And like all mammals, they are warm-blooded animals. They maintain a constant high body temperature using energy from the food they eat. But fish along with amphibians and reptiles are called coldblooded which means that their body temperature changes with the temperature of their surroundings. And water is a favorable environment for a cold-blooded animal. From summer to winter, the changes in water temperature are not as great as the changes in air temperature, and they usually take place more slowly. As winter approaches, most fish can move to a place where the water is warm enough for them to remain active. But even though all fish are alike in some ways, there are also many differences in body structure and behavior. Like all animals, each type of fish must be adapted in certain ways to survive in its environment. And the waters of the earth contain many different environments. Some fish live in the salt water of the ocean. and others live in the fresh water of inland lakes and streams. This difference in environment has life and death importance for a fish. That's because body fluids contain a certain amount of salt and water is drawn to areas of greater salt concentration. And so freshwater fish must avoid taking in too much water. They don't drink at all. and the water absorbed through the skin is released with their waste products. Ocean fish have the opposite problem. To avoid losing body fluid to the saltier water around them, they must drink a great deal of water and release the salt. There are other variations that also help to create different environments. The water may be in motion as in a river or an ocean current or it may be relatively still as in a lake or pond. And the environment in shallow water or near the surface is very different from the conditions in deeper water where there is greater pressure and less light and where the water is much colder. The temperature of the water plays an important role in the lives of all fish in every environment. For each species, the mating season begins when the water temperature is right for it. For some, including the trout, mating season comes in springtime. Each female lays several thousand eggs. That's necessary for the survival of the fish species. Most of the eggs and most of the young fish will be eaten by predators. The eggs contain a yolk sack that provides food for the developing embryo. When the eggs hatch, the yolk sack is still attached to the young fish. The yolk is used as food until the mouth of the fish develops. Although many fish leave their eggs unprotected, others, like the bluegill, dig out a shallow nest for the eggs and guard them until they hatch. Some tropical fish, including the Siamese fighting fish, build a nest of bubbles to protect their eggs. A few kinds of fish reproduce without laying eggs. These young guppies were born directly from their mother's body. For some fish, mating involves a difficult and hazardous journey. Salmon leave the ocean where they live as adults and swim into a river, fighting their way upstream, even leaping small waterfalls to reach the place where they were hatched and where they will mate. How they guide themselves on this dramatic journey is still largely a mystery to us. So among the various types of fish, there are several different patterns of reproduction. And there are many other variations that adapt each species for survival. Color and markings may serve as camouflage, making it possible to hide from a predator. The spotted fish at the left near the rock is difficult to see unless you look very closely. When a flounder settles down in the sand, it almost seems to disappear except for one eye. A fish may also be adapted for eating certain types of food. Some fish are planteaters and many others feed on plankton seen here under a microscope. Plankton consists of several types of very small plants and animals as well as single-sellled organisms. Some fish are predators. Their diet may include invertebrate animals like this crab. And they may also eat other fish. The food chain that begins here also extends beyond the water. Commercial fishing is a major industry around the world. Most of the large fishing fleets operate in the coastal waters of the ocean. The yield of fish is greater here than on the high seas because these waters are rich in plankton and have large populations of the plants and animals that fish use for food. In many parts of the world, the supply of fish is increased by means of aquaculture or fish farming. Ponds and streams can be stocked with small fish, and fish can also be raised in specially constructed pens in a hatchery. Fish farmers have increased their yield dramatically by dissolving additional oxygen in the water so it can support a larger population of fish. Whether raised in a fish hatchery or living in the open water, fish are a major source of food for the people of many countries. As world population continues to increase, they will become even more important. Like other animals, fish are part of an intricate web that links all of the many forms of life on the earth. fish. Um yeah, so that's a late year coronet and we keep running across um both in the cornet collection and then also the collection that I've from my collection. Uh so there's stuff uh that we haven't run across in the cornet collection because we haven't found yet. And I would say that we were probably a little a little more than half done with the cornet stuff. We're still going through boxes and finding stuff. And so, um, I took a little bit of a break because I'm like, you know what? We scanned a lot of cornet. I want to do some more of my collection, some diverse other film makers and things like that. Like this next film, which is a focus on 1958. Uh this is Hurst News and they did something very similar to uh the screen news digest where they um or the science science news digest. What is it? But anyways, what they would do is they would put together these packaged things. Then they would look for sponsors in a given region and then tack on their ad at the beginning and the end. So, I have a lot from North Carolina that were brought to us by the uh Pepsi Bottling Company of Fagetville, North Carolina. But this one is I can't remember where this came from, but you'll see the ad. Uh enjoy. Events of the past and present shape tomorrow. Our vital concern is you, today's youth. For our future depends on you. Before attempting to figure out where we're all going, it is imperative for us to have a strong awareness of where we have been. To untangle today's problems, we need to understand yesterday. This film series hopefully will in part make you aware of people, places, and events which have helped shape our nation and our world. Manufacturers Handover is pleased to sponsor this ed manufacturers handover. It's banking the way you want it to be. 1958, a year that saw momentous changes. New leaders emerged to change the course of history. New technologies would send rockets into space and submarines beneath the North Pole. America would gain a new state and baseball would move from coast to coast. New heroes and villains would strut the world stage and a new fed would capture the world's fancy. 1958 began with a bang. America was chasing the Soviet Union into the space age. The Russians had launched the world's first artificial satellite, the Sputnik, while we couldn't seem to get anything off the ground. without the aid of a Hollywood special effects department. But at last, the army succeeded in lofting a grapefruit size satellite into orbit. And 1958 became the year America entered the space age. 1958 was to become a year of remarkable technological developments. The world's first commercial jetliner, the Boeing 707, went into service, while automobiles got bigger and bigger and looked as if they too might take off. Gasoline was not needed to propel America's first nuclear submarine, the USS Nautilus, beneath the frigid waters off the coast of Alaska. Hers is a secret mission to find a new northwest passage beneath the polar ice pack. Tension mounts as the crew navigates blindly beneath the frozen sea. The submarine's television cameras peer upward at the thick ice, gliding above like frozen clouds. And then the Nautilus' skipper, Captain Anderson, marks the historic position. 5 4 3 2 1 mark for the USA and the US Navy. Sunday 3 August 1958 23:15 Eastern Daylight Saving Time, the North Pole. Finally, after 96 hours and 1831 mi under the polar ice pack, the Nautilus surfaces in the Greenland Sea, the first ship in history to circumn the top of the world underwater. Two weeks later, the Nautilus entered New York Harbor to a tumultuous welcome. But even the most sophisticated of 1958's technological achievements seemed to pale beside the most awesome device of all. The hula hoop. You are you many people also left their marks on the year. The new Miss America was a young lady from Mississippi named Maryanne Mobley. From Texas, a young American named Van Klyburn went to Moscow to compete with 50 other young pianists from 19 countries. And when the competition had ended, Van Clyburn had won the gold medal at the prestigious Tchaikovsky Piano Festival. A host of new leaders came to power in 1958 with the death of Pope Pius. The College of Cardinals elected a new leader of the Catholic Church, Pope John the 23rd. And although he was to reign for only 5 years, he would chart a new course of liberalism that the church still follows today. France's World War II hero, General Charles de Gaulle, became its president. He pulled the French out of NATO and set France on a new course in foreign affairs, independent of American leadership. The Russians selected for their new leader Nikita Kruev, a roaring bear of a man, spouting peasant apherisms and flashing meaty smiles, the new Soviet boss continued the Cold War as he traveled behind the iron and bamboo curtains. With a skillful blend of saber rattling and promises of dant, he set the communist world on a course it would follow for almost the next 25 years. Another traveler was Richard Nixon. In 1958, the vice president of the United States. In Venezuela, he ran into a storm of violent anti-Americanism. Nixon emerged unheard and his courage during the riots greatly enhanced his political future. While there were incidents, incidents in which a very small violent vocal minority were able to enlist the support of some innocent people who were misled as to what US motives really were. Unrest was a problem for other countries. In 1958, Americans lived the good life. But in the Middle East, the fragile coalition that was Lebanon was about to be sundered. In desperation, the government called on the United States for help. President Eisenhower answered the call by ordering the Marines into Lebanon. Striving for an ideal which is close to the heart of every American and for which in the past many Americans have laid down their lives. To serve these ideals is to serve the cause of peace, security, and well-being. In 1982, President Reagan repeats American actions in the tragically torn Middle East as a new generation of Marines are called upon to keep the peace in the Mediterranean. The government of Lebanon has requested, and I have approved the deployment of United States forces to Beirut as part of a multinational force. But now the stakes seem even higher. The risk to world peace even greater. As the Marines take up their positions in Lebanon once again, the words of philosopher George Santiana have never seemed so true. Those who will not learn from the past are doomed to repeat it. There was one bit of the past that Americans did not mind reliving. The annual USO tour of Bob Hope. In 1958, he brought the late Jane Mansfield to the GIS stationed in far off Korea. That war had ended 5 years before, but the Cold War still went on. And so in 1958, America sent its most famous son into the fray as a Cold War warrior. Elvis Presley was drafted. While Elvis was going overseas to protect the nation, America was continuing to grow. In 1958, Congress voted statehood for Alaska. The frozen Northland, originally purchased from the Russians in 1867 for $7 million, became the 49th star in the American flag. Things were changing in the lower 48 as well. Brooklyn's beloved bums, the Dodgers, left Ebottzfield for Los Angeles. And the New York Giants deserted the polo grounds and went west to San Francisco. But some baseball traditions were maintained. In one of the most thrilling World Series in history, the New York Yankees lost the first two games to the then Milwaukee Braves and came back to win it all. In football, the Super Bowl had not yet been dreamed of, and the division champions of the old National Football League squared off for the league title. In a thrilling overtime battle, the Baltimore Colts beat the New York Giants for the championship. I heard then as now Americans flocked to the movies. In 1958, the big box office smashes were Xi, Marjgery Morning Star, and Houseboat, starring Carrie Grant. For her performance in Three Faces of Eve, John Wayne declared the best actress to be Joanne Woodward. I can only say I I've been daydreaming about this since I was 9 years old and thank you very much. The fashion world was stunned by the sack, a style that seemingly owed more to packaging than owed couture. And as the year 1958 closed upon a world that had seemingly given itself over to bomb shelters and hula hoops, technology was joined to tradition. In a portent of the future, the United States celebrated the world's first space Christmas in what was dubbed the mistletoe missile. An Atlas rocket carried the voice of the American President Dwight Eisenhower into space. He beamed to the entire world. This is the president of the United States speaking. Through the marvels of scientific advance, my voice is coming to you from a satellite circling in outer space. Through this unique means, I convey to you and to all mankind America's wish for peace on earth and good will toward men everywhere. It was a fitting end to the year for 1958 marked the dawn of the space age. It was a year when American technology would become the hallmark of modern civilization. A year when American institutions such as the national pastime would become truly national and a new state would join the union. 1958 marked the moment in history when a new generation of leaders would chart a course for the world it would follow for the next quarter century. 1958 was indeed a year of change, a year to be remembered. Manufacturers Handover has been pleased to sponsor this educational film. Manufacturers Handover. It's banking the way you want it to be. Hurst is like, "Well, we got this space age footage uh of Apollo taking off. like why don't we put that in. Um so I have a couple of these focus ons and uh yeah they're they're kind of interesting. They they definitely pull that whole news thing of like well the important political stuff, you know, whatever wars, whatever, first, then the lighter side with sports and entertainment and fashion and movies and mo and music. Um, so yeah, they're they're nice little time capsules. And these would have been shown in schools. And I'm guessing that this was a way to try to capitalize on all the stock material that Hurst movie had um as a way to repackage and to um kind of uh reuse and make money off of uh this material that they were paying storage on that they had shot back in the day. So, thanks for tuning in today. Uh, if you like what you saw, hit the thumbs up, hit the like button. Um, you can subscribe. You can, uh, use the superthanks button to float some cash. Uh, you can also go to ko-fi.com/avge geeks or patreon.com/avgeeks. Um, and other watch other things that we put online. Uh I have to say I don't know if this is related to my plea but uh right now as of this week uh story of lead is not the most popular watched film this week. It is now basic computer terms uh which we've shown on this show. But uh it makes me happy uh mostly because it is uh stuff that I've uploaded within the last couple of months as opposed to something I uploaded like 10 years ago. So yes, it's celebrating stuff new stuff that we're putting online. Um I mean you can watch wherever you want. I don't care. But it just it makes it irritates me and it's like really Story of Lead is getting popular again? Come on, there's more stuff. I've uploaded thousands of films. Anyways, everybody have a great weekend. Uh, join us again on Monday. We'll watch some more stuff. Um, digitize some more stuff, etc., etc. All right. Thanks so much. Love you guys. We will see you on Monday. Take care. Bye.