AV Geeks 16mm Lunch 5-3-2024

e is is for that hello everybody I'm skip Alzheimer welcome to the a Geeks lunchtime streaming show where I'm adjusting the camera a little bit to give you a sense of where we are and what we're doing uh let's see um anyways we watch old 16mm films and that was uh from the coret collection and unfortunately it didn't have a soundtrack so hopefully we'll find a version that has a soundtrack on it um and kind of go uh from there so we um digitize excuse me stuff from our collection but we also digitize from other people's collection and this is from uh collector couple uh the Nelsons who are based used to be based in Houston used to do a thing called Cinema bowar um but they're moving and so uh I digitized stuff for them and where did I just put it this is uh 1950s luggage sales uh it doesn't have a title but um let's watch it and enjoy that's right I need something for business trips it's good luck and easy to carry how about this as this is a big seller lightweight construction it'll hold your suit and accessories very neatly do you fly a lot I sure do I go on overnight trips all over the country say I have something here that's just great for quick trips by air it's designed to fit under the seat of an airplane that'll eliminate waiting for your luggage at airport it's a big time saer see that's pretty nice it's a beauty nothing I like better than really good leather isn't the leather kind of heavy for carrying around you know there's only a couple of pounds difference between these two try it it has a light aluminum frame after all you're only going to carry one change of clothes yeah that's right this one's really a knockout when you use something a lot I think that it ought to be the kind that you enjoy the most you'll notice that the manufacturer calls this the first class traveler mhm I can see why I wonder how it look after I've used it for a while well the leather will darken it Mellows with age so to speak gets more beautiful and it's reinforced at the corners to take a lot of wear it's good for a long time and notice how well organized these fittings are well I use luggage so much maybe I ought to give myself a present and get something special good G looks to me like the customer was sold what was right for him what he needed he bought luggage that he likes and it'll give him good service but if the salesman hadn't taken control and presented the advantages of better quality none of this would have happened right okay now let's get on to this other situation Mrs Logan will you step in please now this time we want to show another way to boost the total the quick easy extra sale that can be made after the first purchase is decided on this depends on some logical well-timed suggestions from you Mr Edwards the idea is to help the customer buy all that's needed and wanted okay scene two take one action I know your husband will appreciate your choice well thank you for helping me decide it's a handsome piece well since you like this so much may I show you a companion to it this matching atet case just as handsome isn't it oh that's lovely perfectly lovely but I I hadn't planned to buy anything else today no no thank you well maybe your husband's birthday is coming up not his birthday day but we do have an anniversary in a few weeks he already has an at a shake case but it's kind of tired looking he uses it so much he'd be tickled with this I know in fact I can't think of anything he'd like [Music] more well I hadn't intended to but it'll be wonderful to have his gift all taken care of it's a good feeling to have just the right gift already isn't it would you like a luggage tag attached to each piece this is a good design I can have your husband's name printed on them yes please do the bags are too beautiful to risk losing cut that ought to do it nicely it shows the power of good suggestions in this sales building process well just one thing we don't want to mislead people to think that the customer always accepts every suggestion they don't but a refusal isn't a tragedy no thank you just means that at least you made a try most tries pay off right and if you don't try to improve the quality or the quantity of the sale customer isn't helped and nobody's satisfied hey what's with you two we just wanted to ask Mr Edwards if his store had this leather luggage in stock I uh I guess we're sold [Music] all right so that was a snippet and I have other films in that series it's the people sell people series and uh it was actually made by Calvin films uh even though it's a modern talking U picture service is accredited um and uh so some of those people show up in some of those whacked out Kaa um management films and uh so anyways uh so those people look familiar so I have other films in that series um one's called um nothing but Lookers uh sales building rooll um they're kind of similar series to that that series that I have with the the restaurant working in a restaurant and all the different positions um so anyways there's that uh let's see what else do we have uh I've been downloading stuff let's see what this is um it's been very slow like it was basically like oh it's going to take five hours to run this um this looks good oh yeah this looks real good um this is Aerospace highlights 1961 but this is before NASA um the same and I think this is actually uh made by um RCA and they actually call it instead of a rocket they call it a missile test so it's fascinating all right enjoy and it doesn't look like there's any audio for is for oh so uh yeah that's before NASA and uh that footage might have been shot by the Army um so yeah uh fascinating nonetheless um sorry it didn't have a soundtrack I was hoping that it did but it did not all right um let's spend a day with the FBI are you excited I am enjoy [Music] one of the best known buildings in Washington DC is the Department of Justice spreading over an entire Block in the busy heart of the capital here are the headquarters of the nation's crack law enforcement agency the Federal Bureau of [Music] Investigation today as every day the morning mail brings thousands of reports from the FBI's 52 field offices located in cities throughout the United States and its possessions one envelope May hold information from a special agent in New Orleans that will help another agent's investigation in machaya main another May hold the important confession of a communist agent and each day an average of 400 pieces of mail contain evidence for examination by the bureau's famous crime laboratory matters of high priority are handled by the FBI's own radio system or by telephone a vast teletype Network links the Washington headquarters with field officers from Boston to San Diego Seattle to Miama in addition to the enforcement of a score of federal laws the FBI has been directed by the president to maintain the internal security of the United States the bureau's work is made easier by the wholehearted cooperation of the American public in complying with the president's request to report to the f FBI knowledge of subversive activities the loyal and alert citizen may help to protect the innocent as well as to reveal the guilty invaluable to the work of the FBI are files containing nearly 120 million sets of fingerprints prints voluntarily submitted by loyal law-abiding citizens are kept in the non-criminal file the FBI is first a fact finding agency and second a service agency the facilities of the identification section and the crime Laboratories are available to all law enforcement agencies at its Washington headquarters the bureau maintains the most modern and completely equipped crime detection laboratory in the [Music] world here no piece of evidence is too small for analysis nothing seemingly commonplace that it is not put through the most exacting scientific examination the discovery of one small new detail will often crack a baffling case whether evidence in criminal cases comes from the detective Bureau of a large city or from the sheriff of a remote County it is examined promptly carefully and with but one purpose the Swift detection and arrest of the criminal document of criminals and subversive agents May frequently be traced to their Source by comparison with handwriting all laboratory specimens from nearly every known makeup typewriter if the results of these tests do not produce convincing evidence the solution of the case may turn on a second fact whether or not the suspect ever had in his possession paper of exactly the same weight and thickness as that of the questioned document [Music] even such meager evidence as a fiber from a strand of rope may lead investigators to the factory to the hardware store where the Rope was sold and finally to the buyer the FBI expert can determine the make of a shoe and frequently depending on the way the shoe is worn such facts as the occupation of the wearer [Music] no method is more helpful in establishing innocence or guilt than chemical and spectrographic Analysis the presence of particles of dust on a suspect clothes that are identical to dust found at the scene of a crime may support charges against him today scientific methods aduce evidence to convict criminals who a few years ago would have gone free but bringing criminals to Justice depends in the final analys upon the ability and integrity of the law enforcement officer himself to qualify as a special agent of the FBI the candidate must be a college graduate in law or accounting he must meet rigid physical requirements and have a character that is above reproach from previous instruction you gentlemen are aware of the civil rights of the individual citizen as special agents of the FBI you will be obligated to enforce the laws respecting those rights it will be your responsibility to make civil rights a reality within the realm of federal Authority strong sound bodies and a working knowledge of Judo are necessary to meet the emergencies which often confront a Gman [Music] every agent must be prepared and qualified to outshoot the most desperate Criminal [Music] not only does each new special agent undergo months of intensive training at the FBI Academy but as long as he remains in the service he must return for retraining every 18 [Music] months because the Federal Bureau of Investigation is called upon to solve almost every type of crime the special agent must be as qualified to investigate a homicide as to track down kidnappers and enemy [Music] agents upon the shoulders of John Edgar Hoover director of the FBI since 1924 rest heavy responsibilities not only must he direct the bureau's offensive against subversive agents but he must also wage a Relentless war against the common criminals who as much as any sabot undermine the security of the nation besides its many investigative functions the FBI serves as a clearing house for us crime statistics every 18 seconds a serious crime is committed by someone somewhere in the United States on an average there is an act of homicide every 45 minutes [Music] every minute and a half there is a burglary every 31 seconds someone commits an act of lony and reflecting the prevalence of lawlessness among the young 2third of those arrested in their teens and early 20s are first offenders a day with the FBI sees special agents and employees assigned to more than 100,000 investigative matters in a city in the Northwest a payroll messenger from a department store withdraws the weekly payroll from a nearby Bank [Music] [Music] no eyewitness could positively identify the holdup man but police held several suspects answering the general description to the FBI laboratory in Washington police air mailed all available evidence with the request that it be given immediate examination in the struggle the messenger had torn hairs and flesh from the scalp of his asant strands of hair from each suspect were also mailed to Washington on the victim's coat was a blood stain police were not sure whether it came from the victim or the as salant in the serology section technicians start immediately to study the blood stains utenation tests show two different types of blood type O and type B since the messenger is known to have type O blood the FBI notifies police that the criminal is type B this information clears all but two suspects in the hair and fiber section of the FBI laboratory other tests are being made [Music] comparisons show that the strand of hair from the asent scalp is exactly the same as the hair of one suspect being held by police [Music] confronted with the FBI laboratory reports type B blood and identical hair the criminal quickly [Music] confessed in a southern city after an 11-year-old girl is killed in a hit and run accident the police gather significant evidence the impact of the car hitting the victim had loosened mud caked under the fender when questioned by police one suspect gives a plausible Alibi he has not been anywhere near the scene of the accident but in the FBI laboratory The Prompt and careful collection of evidence begins to tell another story [Music] after repeated comparisons police are notified that the soil picked up at the spot where the girl was hit has almost the same mineral content as samples taken from the suspect's [Music] car when the victim was struck surface paint from the fender was smeared on her dress comparison shows the paint to be identical to that used by the manufacturer of the suspect sedan [Music] a spectrographic comparison with a chip of paint taken by police from the suspect's car provides even more convincing [Music] evidence the suspect is arrested by the local Police and charged with manslaughter confronted with the FBI laboratory reports the defendant finally admits his guilt a synthesis of many cases demonstrating the cooperation between local police and the FBI comes from the Sea Coast region of New Hampshire near pouth New Hampshire a group of bank robbers kidnap a teller for a [Music] hostage squads of FBI agents comb the countryside for any stray bits of information that may help them in the case [Music] a farmer who had seen some men around an abandoned Shack gives the gmen their first lead the entire area is carefully searched for [Music] evidence on a barbed wire fence 500 yd from The Shack agents find a piece of cloth torn from what could be a woman's dress or a man's neck tie this along with other evidence is sent to the Washington [Music] laboratory the imprint of the tire markings gives some information the automobile that had been at the shack was a 1950 model of medium to [Music] heavyweight all over the country FBI men visit texal Mills looking for the manufacturer of the distinctive Fabric in both Massachusetts and North Carolina agents find factories whose looms produce the identical pattern at each Mill the manufacturers Supply the names of wholesalers and jobbers who had purchased the finished cloth in Washington the FBI laboratory is able to report that the cloth in question came from the Massachusetts Mill [Music] because the largest purchaser of the pattern had been a Boston neckti manufacturer FBI agents visit retail outlets throughout New [Music] England this painstaking and thorough investigation eventually pays off a clerk recalls calls a customer who recently purchased a large number of ties one was a duplicate of the pattern shown photographs of known bank robbers the clerk identifies his [Music] customer with this new and valuable information the FBI locates a man answering the description of their suspect living quietly in an apartment house in Portland Maine the dreads on his Auto Tires match the tire prints found near the [Music] shack before positive identification can be made agents must confront the suspect so that he will have no opportunity to warn his Confederates the agents proceed cautiously in the apprehension of a dangerous criminal the FBI special agent May encounter situations Beyond his training or experience he must then rely upon his courage and resourcefulness [Music] [Applause] [Music] it was in this manner that the FBI apprehended seaboldt fulam Alias Frank Hampton he and his confeder are now serving long terms in a federal [Music] penitentiary the American people can well be proud of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and every citizen can profit by director Hoover's repeated warnings says director Hoover we cherish our American institutions and our heritage of freedom but today our way of life is under attack by two dangerous enemies the criminal hordes who live by violence and lawlessness and the subversive hordes who seek to destroy all that is free and all that is sacred that was epic where am I there I am uh so behind me I have a film uh scanner and I have a film on there uh rubber by Design very exciting I think this is made by shell uh or Phillips I think it's shell anyways here's rubber by Design enjoy [Music] is w [Music] [Applause] [Music] wa [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] rubber a material one we could no more do without than wood or [Music] steel but in its raw State it's useless the compounding of rubber is both a science and an art to recipes that are often elaborate and always individual some have evolved over a century and many are still closely guarded Secrets they are composed of pigments and plasticizers AC activators fillers and antioxidants they depend on mixing times and curing times and [Music] temperatures above all they depend on the ingredient that gives raw rubber its unique properties sulfur precisely how it works remained a mystery long after its Discovery but even the simplest product must undergo a process of vulcanization in the curing presses sulfur forms links with raw rubber to make it stable and resilient once rubber came from the sap of trees growing wild in the jungle now these trees are cultivated on plantations and production is by the ton rubber is a polymer a chain of molecules strung together consisting of thousands of identical units made from carbon and hydrogen at one time natural rubber was the only source but now there is another petroleum [Music] man-made synthetic rubbers are now as important as natural rubber between them they meet a world demand for over 8 million long tons a year like natural rubber these synthetics are hydrocarbon polymers but each is different and the differences affect their behavior in fact we can now design a rubber for a given performance or tailor it to a particular industrial process carpet underlay synthetic rubber blown to give a sponge this rubber is a co- polymer of styrene and badine first of the general purpose synthetics early rubbers of this type were quick to blow and fast to cure but slow on the mill mixing times were too long to match the potential speed of blowing and curing would have meant a costly increase in Milling facilities but perhaps there was an alternative perhaps the raw material itself could be modified as it polymerizes the chains grow at random [Music] the molecules have no regular structure and final chain lengths vary considerably analysis of their weight distribution showed this clearly a curve typical of a random [Music] sample this needed changing what we wanted was a way of controlling chain length [Music] if this could be done we could reduce weight and narrow distribution to give us a polymer more likely to have the kind of performance we were after first we had to select a chemical reagent that could do this and then we had to test it a difference of his little as one part per million would produce a marked effect on molecular weight once we had samples we could study their properties the weight of this one was particularly low it behaved well on the mill and broke down much [Applause] faster this new styrene buten rubber cut mixing Times by as much as 20% throughput to the calendar and curing chamber was now fast enough for the whole plant to be run at maximum efficiency the manufacturing problem had been been solved and we gained valuable information on the control of polymerization control was even more important in developing the next generation of synthetics polybutadiene and polyisoprene the problem was to make the units add on to the chain in a regular way the key to this was a new group of catalysts and a control system of Greater precision now we were down to fractions of a part per million the result with butene was this a chain that was extremely even and regular the units themselves are very simple there are no bulky side groups just single hydrogen atoms on the carbon backbone so the chains are very flexible it takes very little energy to set them in motion because of this polybutadiene has exceptional bounce and resilience even at very low temperatures compare it with other rubbers after cooling to 65° below zero first styrene badine then natural Rubber and now the polyad this has some useful applications in the Alps for instance it is being used on the wheels of cable cars it provides more friction with the cables and it's also exceptionally resistant to abrasion polybutene was followed by polyisoprene which is based on the same molecule As Natural rubber but it's not identical there's a slight difference in its structure and this affects the way it behaves [Music] on the left polyisoprene on the right natural rubber natural rubber stretches over nine times its length before breaking but the polyisoprene continues to stretch and this property is useful elastic thread for golf balls the thread has to be wound under tension close to the limit for natural rubber but add polyisoprene and you increase the safety margin less breaking and fewer Rejects polyisoprene answers a production problem but it also improves the resilience of the ball gives it Greater reach [Music] [Applause] the fact that polyisoprene is not exactly like natural rubber in other respects limits its use somewhat but it did lead to a closer study of its properties and the reasons for them both rubbers consist of long regular chains but in natural rubber the regularity is almost Flawless when it's made to flow under stress the chains pack closely for much of their length and where they do they tend to crystallize they start to behave like a solid the effect of this can be seen by taking a small sample and forcing it through a [Music] capillary at first the flow is smooth and steady but increase the force on the plunger until crystallization begins and the flow rate slows dramatically the rubber extrudes unevenly and may jam up all together with polyisoprene the chains can't pack so closely together there are fewer areas where crystallization can occur where natural rubber began to crystallize polyisoprene extrudes smoothly this Easy Flow suggested some interesting Poss abilities it led to development worked on a number of industrial processes discovering the precise amount of polyisoprene to add to other rubbers to improve injection molding in the shoe industry even a small percentage of polyic suprem reduces filling time and gives a superior finish for these yachting shoes oil extended polyisoprene allows mold pressure to be reduced and the shoes have outstanding wet traction [Music] traction again and this time critical in the automobile Tire rubber's performance is pushed to the Limit [Applause] and we're always looking for improvements we know the properties a tire must have and by using a computer we can study how the choice of raw materials will affect its performance it can even show us how a slight variation in compounding can contribute to a better result from the computer printout we can trace a series of graphs for tensil strength resilience heat buildup hardness and so on with the graphs overlaid we can pick out the areas of greatest interest do you uh do you think we should have a go with that one yes if they here we're looking at a compound that promised particularly good grip and wear resistance made from a styrene badine with a higher proportion of styrene than [Music] usual sample batches were prepared laboratory tests went well and a few tires were made grip and wear resistance were good but there was also a problem heat buildup was too high see in extreme conditions this could be disastrous the solution this time was in the design of the tire we kept the new rubber for the OU tread and combined it with an under tread and sidewalls built of an existing compound the two rubbers are fed to separate extruders they are then combined and built onto the carcass in the normal way sh the new tire was soon showing its Paces on the skid pad the new tire and for comparison a normal tread new tire standard tire the wet traction was there all right but how good was it in other respects [Music] harsh treatment but the new tire scored well on both wear and heat buildup outstanding skid resistance had been achieved without sacrifice even for tires this size the choice of rubber is important several million are produced each week this is a new type of rubber revolutionary in that it doesn't need Vulcanizing the tires are made by straightforward injection molding just like plastic in fact what we have here is a totally new class of material thermoplastic rubber each molecule is a three Block co-polymer polybutadiene in the middle and polystyrene in the tails in large numbers the Tails associate into clusters or domains they link the polybutadiene chains and give the rubber stability the job normally done by sulfur but with this vital difference if we heat the Rubber and then exert a force the domains dissociate and the rubber flows remove the stress the domains reform unlike every other rubber this one is truly thermoplastic for the rubber industry it opened a whole new range of possibilities experimenting with new techniques applying it directly to carpets as a backing [Music] material extruding it as a sponge [Music] blow molding it trying it in fact in all the processes hither to reserved for Plastics this is polyethylene film for [Music] packaging one disadvantage it's low resistance to impact by using two extruders together we can coat the polyethylene with a layer of ther plastic rubber and this makes all the difference thermoplastic rubber has already found many commercial uses for these turntable mats it means improved quality and fewer rejects above all no time spent on vulcanization any scrap or waste can be ground up and used again processing is as quick and precise as for Plastics yet these shoe SS have all the advantages of rubber they're flexible durable and they don't slip thermoplastic rubber in solution sprayed onto metal airframe sections to reduce their weight the components must have parts of their surface etched away the rest needs protecting the whole section is covered and then the parts to be etched had the coating removed thermoplastic rubber is rapidly capturing the World Market for this application it forms a coating that bonds well to the metal but is easily stripped and it's highly resistant to the chemicals used for etching thermop plant IC rubber is one of the latest developments in synthetics an exciting new material it marks a big step forward in improving the range of rubbers on which the whole world now depends 40 years ago synthetic rubber barely existed today its products are used in virtually every industry even 10 years ago who could foresee a rubber that didn't need Vulcanizing today who can foresee its future possibilities [Music] oh wow Peter Thomas our good friend not talking about destruction and death uh although I'm sure the byproducts of this process has resulted in many many many deaths um so thanks for joining us today I appreciate it um this is why we love to do what we do is exciting Jazz uh as we see uh chemical process es um with petroleum and other sulfur and all these wonderful other things um if you like what you saw hit the thumbs up hit the like button um those are great ways to support us also using the super uh thanks option in the comments a great um you can also go to ko-fi.com avgeeks or patreon.com avgeeks those are great ways to support us as well so join us on Monday [Music] um and I'm we're going to be uploading some more stuff so uh on YouTube that's another way you can support us as watch and have some ads uh because those put little pennies in our uh piggy banks um Everybody take care enjoy the weekend and we will see you soon bye