AV Geeks 16mm Lunch 5-12-2026

Mhm. >> Hello everybody. I'm Skip Elshiemer. Welcome to the AV Geeks lunchtime streaming show where we watch old 16 mm films and I feel like everything went okay today. I'm not sure. I think the launch went okay. I haven't had a chance to check to see if it's showing up. There's all these little factors that that have shown up. Um maybe not related to me losing my channel but just other I don't know. YouTube kind of tweaked some things. And so now I have to like go in and kind of double check everything which is not my style. So I apologize when things don't go right. Um this film coming up is fascinating. I've shown a SMPTE uh color film that ironically had faded that was meant for showing 16 on uh television. So it was a way to calibrate your uh film chain camera. And this is made This is a similar type of thing but this is with audio and this is uh, was I guess distributed through the army um, as a way for uh, projector techs to make sure that the audio was being correctly uh, balanced and tweaked. This is the 16 mm test film. Enjoy. >> So, they named their own candidate, eh? >> Who? >> You won't like him, Jim. >> Come on, who? >> Henry Hill. >> Henry Hill? That crackpot? That longhead? Why, you should have killed that so fast. >> Jim. I couldn't. Those men were >> Never mind what they were. You forget about them, see? >> Jim, that bunch is out for blood. If I throw Horace in their teeth right now >> forget about him. >> Horace Miller goes to the Senate and that settles it. >> I won't send Horace Miller. >> Oh, you won't? >> No, I won't. I won't let you stand there callously and perhaps wreck my whole political future. >> Your political future? Why I bought it for you. I gave it to you as a present and I can grab it back so fast it'll make your head swim. You've got a nerve to sit there and worry about your political future when we're in a spot like this. The man is mad. >> Well, way back in 1820, they were going to close the patent office because they thought there wasn't anything left to invent. >> But that was different. >> No, Bill. No. It doesn't matter when you've lived or whether you're after the South Pole or a cure for cancer or just a job. You've got to want it so much that you'd be willing to drown or starve or freeze to get it. You've got to have faith that it's there and then fight for it. And with God's help, you'll win. >> Don't worry. I'll follow the dream. It may be a long step from my blueprints to the cities I'm going to build, but I'll build them. I'll build them with God's help. >> That was beautiful, Penny. Beautiful. Now go to sleep like a good little girl. >> Did you send for me just to hear me sing? >> Mhm. >> That's the first time you've asked me to sing in ever so long. >> Well, I've been so busy that >> Yes, I know, Daddy. That's all right. I tried to tell you something this morning, but you were in such a hurry and >> Tell me now, dear. >> Well, there's something going on that that worries me very much, Danny. >> What's that, dear? >> Well, >> You know when June got engaged at the party? Well, I found out that Kay >> That's London. I don't like this talk at it's bad. >> It's only natural that >> natural at all. It's not like you. I've loved you since I was old enough to see you. I will love you until I die. That's the way it is and there's no need to talk about it. >> You mean you'll never talk about it? You'll never tell me >> I'll tell you in my own time. But I'll not tell you to waste time. Look here, Marina. You and I are are like one person. I always thought you wanted both of us to be educated and >> I didn't mean that. Of course I want you to go to the university. >> Of course. It'd make me sad if you didn't. I'd be ashamed. But it wouldn't matter. I'd go anyway. I'm a citizen of this country. I intend to go forward with it and and to give it all I have. I have strong feelings about it. You come along with those feelings. But you don't come before >> Hello, you're not going to work just yet. You seem to be pretty busy. I've I've got a surprise for you. Yeah, I just had one. This one you'll like. Oh, gee, Grant. Cast your eyes on that silver plate. Yeah. Oh, Marsh. Oh, this is a pip. Thanks, Grant. That must have cost you plenty. No, I traded in your old one. >> Mr. Marsh. >> That old wasp. >> Come, I love you only. My heart is true. Come, come. My life is lonely. I long for you. Come, come. Nothing can relieve you. My longing now to embrace you. Come, come. I love you only. Come, come. I love you only. Come, come. I love you only. >> May I see you home? >> I'm in the mood for conversation. >> I'm not in the mood for anything as far as you're concerned except an explanation. >> Well, of course, dear. Of what? >> Last night. Where were you until 3:00? >> That emergency committee. >> Well, I've never heard it called that before. >> Emergency committee. Dorchester Arms emergency committee. Blondie White, chairman. >> You see, we know. >> Yes, I see you now. Oh, you poor darling. Why, how worried you must have been. Well, so long as you've gone to all this trouble to find out about this, I was going to say spy on me, but I won't. I might as well tell you the truth. My visit to Miss White was for motives very different from what you imagine. >> Hm. >> Perhaps a matter beyond your imagination, Mother. >> As bad as that? >> Really, Rita. >> In short, my visit to Miss White was an errand of mercy. >> Mercy? That's even a better term for it than emergency committee. >> Oh, very well then. If you're not going to allow me to explain. >> That's what I'm waiting for. Mercy for whom? >> Carruthers, of course. >> Oh, Carruthers again. >> What? This calls for champagne. >> Uh, cocktails. Ready, good sir. You should have warned me. I'd have hardly stepped on the gold braid. >> Your first lesson in battle tactics. Surprise attack. >> Your reconnaissance is faulty, Commander, or you wouldn't have been caught napping. >> Yeah, but uh, how do you like my tailor? >> A gentleman and an officer by an act of God, Congress, and his tailor. >> Cigarette, Connie. >> You know, you could have written a girl a postcard. >> And have everyone from here to Honolulu read our mail? Not me. >> Such consideration is heartbreaking. >> Well, don't be too tough on him. We sweated him pretty hard. There's boot training, officers training, military training. I could have walked to you for the ground I've covered. Take a look at my broken arches. >> What a pity you didn't walk on your head. All day long it's just work, work, work, day in, day out, trying to keep the house neat and clean, and trying to get you fed. Then what happens the minute you hit the front door, you start yelling something about the buttons on my shirt. >> I haven't just hit the front door. I've been home for 2 hours. I've eaten dinner, and I helped you with the dishes. I started to read an article, and you started to rip open my hand. And just because I happen to say something about >> Happened to? You've been leading up to it all evening. As if I didn't try to keep things going. Well, all right. Go on, get it off your chest. Go on, think up some more things. >> You want me to? >> Yes. >> All right, I will. My suit's at the cleaners, and this one looks like a rag. >> And that's because you didn't send the other suit to the cleaners when you were supposed to. >> And my socks are always in the top drawer instead of the middle drawer where I keep begging you to put them. And my nightshirt's never on the same hook at night as where I put it in the morning. And somebody's been using my razor. And you can't tell me it was the cat. >> And you can't tell me it was the cat. Yeah, that was an interesting bunch of little snippets. And they I'm thinking the reasoning behind this is because um they wanted to come up with a standard that could be tested with where whoever released this knew the quality of the soundtrack. Uh because chances are uh in most cases they would have distributed 16-mm prints from 35 prints and the quality of what was distributed would be all over the map. Um, you know, like studios may or may not pay attention to that. And so, you have to have a like a standard that people would uh could rely on, and that's what that was for. All right, let's um let's learn about some new frontiers. Enjoy. >> New frontiers, new opportunities, and these are the explorers of a new America. Men of Westinghouse creating, developing to the end that an institution has grown, building and serving an electrified America. Here in Pittsburgh, the story of this new America began. George Westinghouse and his associate engineers brought out the alternating current system of electrical transmission in March 1886, and thus made possible the universal use of electric power and light. That was 50 years ago. Then, Chicago 1893, is Columbian Exposition. >> 8:00, they're turning it on. >> Will it work? That's the question. >> Certainly it will. It's that new system, you know. >> Alternating current, they call it. >> This was a Westinghouse pioneering achievement that amazed America, the first complete system for the generation, distribution, and application of alternating current power. And the same generator that served the Columbian Exposition is still in service in East Pittsburgh. Light has been one far-reaching result of this pioneering, light for a nation to the extent that now there's nothing done in the light of day that cannot be done at night. Light, for example, across the airways, sentinels so unfailing that a bulb burned out after months of service, automatically it drops down to make room for a fresh one to continue its work. Light in the busy motion picture studios of Hollywood, where Westinghouse lamps of 10,000 candlepower illuminate the scenes of action and romance. Compare this big giant of illumination with this marvel, no larger than a grain of wheat, used by physicians in illuminating the busy interior scenes of the human studio, so that delicate operations can be performed speedily and accurately. Mazdas for millions, and each of these inexpensive lamps is a marvel of science and engineering, with a tungsten coiled filament so fine that inspectors checking them for the perfection that ensures efficiency and long life must project their shadows, enlarged hundreds of times upon a screen. And so they pour in a never-ending stream carrying the miracle of Mazda to millions of people. Along with the development of these lighting marvels has come the nationwide educational campaign for better light, better sight. The amount of light required for every indoor task. Throughout America, electricity etches new patterns on evening skies. Light for convenience, light for safety, light for study, work, and pleasure. Light for beauty. And Westinghouse pioneering goes on. On to a new frontier, power and industry. One project among hundreds underway in Westinghouse for the power and light industry, requiring engineering genius and manufacturing facilities measuring up to the biggest construction job on Earth. Boulder Dam. >> 110,000 horsepower. >> 2 million >> 58,000 lb in weight. >> Big enough to light 20 great cities. >> Parts and sections move into line with a rumble of great overhead cranes. Castings, tons in weight, swing into their places for assembly in this great production aisle, broad and deep for the building of electric equipment of gigantic size. And there's the big job nearly finished. One of the generators for Boulder Dam, the largest water wheel generators in the world, 1,000 tons in weight, 40 ft in diameter, and over 30 ft high. And this is only one of many jobs that are destined to create new frontiers in electrified America. For example, six reversing motors of 3,500 horsepower apiece will drive the 79-in finishing stand, the most heavily powered strip mill in the world. The Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company's new continuous hot strip mill. Of course, this is just a model, but the motors and generators for this big strip mill were built in East Pittsburgh, where Westinghouse modernizes the industrial world, where the products created for power and industry are of such size and weight that in many instances the tool is brought to the part instead of bringing the part to the tool. The women of Westinghouse play an important part, too. The coils for motors are taped with a precision and perfection of feminine hands. Electricity speeds the heavier work, cutting through thick steel castings, joining sections of steel by means of new and improved welding methods. From coast to coast comes the need for these products. Los Angeles, California, for example, soon to be the greatest consumer of electricity from Boulder Dam, with seven of these Westinghouse transformers of nearly 300,000 V capacity. The insulation of these and other transformers is tested here at the Westinghouse Sharon Works. They're tested with bolts of man-made lightning, with the result that dependable service in electrical generation and protection contribute unfailing power as an accepted part of American progress. On to a new frontier, transportation. Electricity goes to sea in the modern fighting ships of the United States Navy. Ships of the merchant marine, too. Ships such as the Manhattan plow ahead with Westinghouse electrical equipment. And on land all over America, electricity's carrying capacity grows with the crowd. The electric trolley bus, Westinghouse equipped, is now an important link in this transportation service of cities large and small. Transportation up and down. As business and industry reach high into the sky, electricity's carrying capacity must increase. Here in the RCA building, Radio City, 36 Westinghouse express elevators provide vertical transportation to greater heights of comfort, speed, safety, and convenience. Vertical transportation of another type in Marshall Field and Company's great Chicago store. 10,000 people an hour can be carried from floor to floor on these modern electric stairways. And here's the new engineer of modern transportation, and he's way out in front. It's the Comet, a new streamline train equipped with Westinghouse high-speed diesels driving direct-connected generators supplying light, air conditioning, and power for this crack New York, New Haven, and Hartford Railroad flyer. Schedule, Providence to Boston, 44 miles, 43 minutes, and that's traveling. Electricity on the steel highways today is challenging the speed of air travel. Electric flyers of the Pennsylvania Railroad, for example, 89 of them Westinghouse equipped. And not only in the giant locomotives themselves, but in substation transformers, oil circuit breakers, and generating equipment, in all of which Westinghouse is proud to have played a part. And the result on time schedules in the heart of Manhattan a 226 mile electric highway to the nation's capital. On to a new frontier, communication. >> I'll bet $5 this dollar watch will keep better time than that new 21 jewel movement you're so proud of. >> You're on Conrad, it's a bet. >> And thus a $5 bet on a $1 watch, a Westinghouse engineers noonday just started something that was to be heard around the world. To check his dollar watch and win his bet, Frank Conrad now assistant chief engineer for Westinghouse built a crude receiver to tune in the Arlington time signal. He was soon deep into the entire subject of radio as it then existed. And within four years this crude station initiated a new idea, a program broadcast revealing an amazing new frontier in electrified America. Westinghouse became convinced that here was a new instrument of communication, one that would prove to be the greatest mass communicational and educational medium that had ever been conceived. From this idea came the decision to broadcast on a regular radio broadcasting station in America with a sign call letters that have become famous. November 2nd, 1920 election day, they were on the air. >> The Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company at East Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In a few moments we will begin the reading of the presidential election returns between Warren G. Harding and James M. Cox. Stand by, please. >> Thus was the broadcasting of entertainment for millions born here in Westinghouse East Pittsburgh laboratories whose resources and faith over 600 broadcasting stations 25 million radio receivers in American homes. Today, as ever before, Westinghouse still pioneers in this field with unlimited frontiers still remaining to be crossed. KYW, the new Westinghouse station at Philadelphia, the latest marvel in the broadcasting world. Even the direction of the station's output can be controlled and on this graphic panel the position of the beam is indicated and checked. These things are ours today in large measure because of Westinghouse research and development not merely in the radio equipment field but in the vastly important field of metallurgy. Kovar, a new alloy, has made possible the further development of radio. This new metal revolutionized radio reception with the greatest forward step since the elimination of batteries, the new all-metal tube. In other fields of radio as well, Westinghouse is constantly contributing to the advancement of this great communicational medium. Calling all cars in times of emergency police work. Linking ships at sea with other ships and shore stations. And directing the flight of combat planes of the nation's air forces. >> Maneuver 2191. >> On to a new and familiar frontier, America's greatest industry, the home. Mid pleasures and palaces though we may roam, be it ever so humble, there's no place like home. But the fact is home sweet home is a place for hard work, long hours, and endless drudgery for the housewife until electricity created the servants in the wire. These electrical servants stand ready and waiting to do hundreds of tasks. In the modern all-electric kitchen, they preserve food, prepare it, and cook it automatically. A flip of the switch calls them to their duties. Electricity bringing the power to produce a core of personal servants for you has made possible the complete electrification of today's home. The modern Westinghouse iron is fully automatic, not quite to the point we see here, but it contains a million-dollar feature exclusive with Westinghouse appliances. The most efficient and accurate heat regulating device ever built, the Spencer disc thermostat. And here it is, another one of the Westinghouse pioneering developments which have made the word electric mean automatic in the modern American home. And here's something we used to call the bane of every housewife's existence, dishes, dishes, three times a day. But it's just a matter of racking them now, then throw in some soap powder, turn on the switch, and your electrical servants go into action. And so, with the helping hands of the servants who come to you in the wire, every household task can be done with unfailing accuracy and a minimum of work through the appliances which Westinghouse builds. So that today, home sweet home is more than a sentimental dream. And no queen in all history could have at her command so large a retinue of faithful servants as the countless electrical servants which await the command of the American housewife. And finally, on to the newest of the new frontiers, the frontier of tomorrow. And here in the Westinghouse research laboratories, the modern frontiersmen are constantly marching on. On to unknown difficulties, uncharted regions in which a new and greater America will be established. Historians of the future will look back on this era in which we live today, this amazing era, as merely the beginning of a new age. The end of the first 50 years of Westinghouse accomplishment and the beginning of a new march toward new frontiers. Here, some of the dreams of this future are already coming true. The atom is being disrupted. >> I would say that this film has been disrupted. I don't know exactly what happened there. It just kind of stopped. That guy was so excited, maybe he uh had a heart attack. Um all right, let's see what we got. Uh it's been a while. But um it's our our good friend Dr. Irwin Moon of the Moody Institute of Science. We just did a new scan of this film and it's pretty. This is God of Creation. So there's a lot of going to be a lot of close-up footage of plants and animals, um some time-lapse photography. It's all this beautiful stuff that uh actually sells as stock footage even though it was shot in the '50s and still selling uh all these years later, 70 years later. Um but to yeah, there's going to be a lot of mention of God. So there you go. Enjoy. >> Hello there. Welcome to Moody Institute of Science. We're going to explore several different realms of God's creation. Before we're finished, I think you'll agree that our God is a wonderful God. The psalmist said, "The heavens declare the glory of God and the firmament showeth his handiwork." So let's begin with astronomy. We think of the stars as little points of light that we see only at night. But our sun is a star. To us it doesn't look like the other stars in the sky, but that's just because we're so much closer to it than to any of the others. The reason our Earth is so close to the sun is that it's one of the sun's family. That is, one of the nine planets that revolve around the sun and make up what we call the solar system. But that sun, just how large is it? Well, if it were hollow, you could drop more than 1 million spheres the size of our Earth down inside and rattle them around. But the sun is about 1 million 500,000 times larger than our Earth. Away up there in the heavens are other stars so much larger that they make our sun but a speck in comparison. How far away are they? Well, let's take a trip from our sun just to that nearest star out there in space. To make the journey, we'll travel at the speed of light, 186,000 miles per second. Let's say that we begin our journey on January 1st. At exactly 12:00 noon, we leave the sun and hurtle into space at this inconceivable speed. In 8 minutes and 19 seconds, we have passed the orbits of Mercury and Venus and have spanned the 93 million miles that separate the Earth from the sun. We continue on, passing Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and at 5:31, we reach Pluto, the last sentinel outpost of our solar system. And remember, we have traveled 3 billion 675 million miles, and it's still January 1st. But wait a minute. Our journey was to the nearest star, not to the limits of the solar system. We haven't even started our trip yet, for we must continue to travel as the days, the weeks, and the months pass. Finally, a whole year goes by. Then 2 years. 3 4 years. Then finally on April 19th of the fifth year, we reach Alpha Centauri, that nearest star out there in space. But our telescopes don't stop here. Their searching eyes have probed the depths of space hundreds, thousands, millions, yes, hundreds of millions of light years and still there are stars beyond. Not many years ago astronomers were unable to conceive of anything beyond our own Milky Way system. To them, this was the universe. Then a new discovery rocked the astronomical world to its foundations. For years, telescopes had revealed hazy objects called nebulae distributed throughout all the heavens. Some of these, such as the Flame Nebula in the constellation of Orion, and this spectacular filamentous nebula in Cygnus, were known to be composed of luminous gas. Many had a definite spiral shape, thought then to be great whirlpools of luminous gas in the process of forming into a star. However, an intense study was begun of the great spiral nebula in Andromeda. Bringing to bear the superb resolving power of the 100-in telescope, this nebula was found to be made up of individual stars and was in reality another galaxy. It was this discovery that pushed back the boundaries of our knowledge and expanded enormously our concept of the material universe. This new knowledge enabled us to understand the structure of our own galaxy and at last we had an explanation for the Milky Way. Our galactic system is very similar to the Andromeda galaxy. Seen from the edge, it would appear something like this. The Milky Way is merely our view of our own galaxy. But ours is just one galaxy. Everywhere we look out in space, there are others. How many stars are there? Astronomers tell us that there are at least 100 billion stars in our galaxy. There are 100 million of these galaxies in known space. And known space is just 1 billion of theoretical space. So, if we would number the stars, we must multiply 100 billion times 100 million times 1,000 million. This equals 10 to the 28th power or 10 octillion stars. The human mind cannot grasp the meaning of such a number. But maybe this will help. Think for a moment how many grains of sand there are. Sir James Jeans tells us the total number of the stars in the universe is probably something like the total number of the grains of sand on all the seashores of all the world. Do you feel pretty small? Well, I guess that's the natural reaction. After looking at the immensity of God's universe, man seems just too small and insignificant for God to care anything about. But there are other things to consider. For example, God says, "Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow. They toil not, neither do they spin. And yet I say unto you that even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these. Poppies are the field lilies of California. Each year in the spring they stretch a carpet of gold across the valley. This world of ours may be small, but everywhere about us we see beauty and care lavished upon it. The poppy is a friendly flower. It seems at home beneath snow-capped mountains, in the farmer's fields, or along the highway. Remember our verse, "Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow." Well, let's consider how they grow. We'll start the time compressor and squeeze four full days and nights into less than half a minute. On the morning of the first day, the poppies pop open, and late in the afternoon they close. The next morning they open again. At night they close. You see, two full days have gone by. The third morning they open, and at night they close. Then the fourth morning they struggle open, wither, and die. There are many wonderful things happening about us each day that we miss, simply because they happen too slowly for us to see. >> It's not only beauty we miss. Many of the most vital secrets of life remain hidden until the lapse time camera lays them bare. We might think it's the wind blowing the leaves of the daffodil back and forth, but these pictures were taken in the laboratory and there's no wind there. The leaves, you see, grow first on one side and then on the other, giving them this swaying motion. There's a lot of force involved in the growing of living things. The struggle of this azalea bud to open is an example of it. Of course, it's not so evident here, but it's the same kind of force that enables growing roots to lift a sidewalk or crack the foundations of a house. Each flower has its own special tempo of growth as it unfolds. The begonia, for example, is so active that it's almost impossible to keep the camera focused upon it. The fuchsia is a favorite with gardeners everywhere. But how many of them realize that it grows like it had a bad case of hiccups? Flowers are as different as human beings. The hibiscus seems to have quite a sense of the dramatic, as it unfurls with a grand gesture in a riot of color. There's an old-fashioned grace about the cyclamen. It seems to recall the courtly manner of yesterday as it opens with a curtsey. Plants don't grow all the time. They grow a while and then they rest. In this rose, for example, there's a period of growth, then a period of rest, then a period of growth, then a period of rest. Our attention has been focused upon the beauty of the plant. Ah, but there's something far more vital than beauty. For plants manufactured, directly or indirectly, every bit of food that we eat. As the leaves are exposed to sunlight, the mysterious and wonderful process of photosynthesis carries on. This process is perhaps the most basic and vital in all the world. Without these marvelous food factories, life could not exist upon the earth. But let's look down inside the minute cells of the leaf and see this factory actually in operation. It takes a powerful microscope to study this life-sustaining function. A tiny section of a leaf is placed on the stage of the microscope. And then we look down inside these cells and see the chlorophyll grains or chloroplasts marching endlessly round and round inside the cells. Through the action of sunlight, this photosynthetic process takes the carbon from the carbon dioxide of the air and the hydrogen from the water of the ground, mixing them together into carbohydrates, proteins, and other food elements in a way which man has never quite been able to understand, and may never be able to duplicate. Photosynthesis certainly is vital to us, but there wouldn't be any photosynthesis. There would be neither food nor life upon this earth if it weren't for pollination. With the reawakening of life in the spring, the landscape is splashed with riotous color. But this beauty isn't just for our pleasure. Something more vital is involved. The purpose of the color is to attract insects. And to add to this eye appeal, there's a bit of nectar, sweet to the insect's taste. But let's see why the flower needs the insect. The anther, located at the end of those hair-like filaments, produces the pollen. These tiny yellow grains have to be transported to the stigmatic surface of a nearby blossom. Without this process, we would have blossoms, but no fruit on our trees. No fruit means no seeds, and in time, no more trees. The insect crawls over the flower in search of nectar. And minute hairs on his legs and body pick up the pollen grains. Thus, they are transported to the the sticky stigmatic surface of a neighboring flower. Here, these minute pollen grains germinate. The photomicrographic lapse time camera permits us to actually witness this thrilling process of germination. Certain insects play an important part in this basic process. But I'm afraid most of us would be rather glad to get rid of the ones we find in our garden. We complain plenty about these pesky fellows with their seemingly endless appetites. Let's examine the life history of one caterpillar, the anise swallowtail. As the days of the caterpillar's existence as a larva draw to a close, he begins an amazing series of preparations for the next event of his life. The spinning of this silken loop is an important step in that process. After anchoring the ends of the silk thread in just the right spot, he weaves strand after strand until it forms a strong cord. When it is finished, he performs a very neat bit of gymnastics and tucks his head through the loop. As soon as the loop is just where he wants it, he hangs quietly for a couple of days. During this period, the pseudopods, feet-like organs along the undersurface of his body, mysteriously disappear. After the interval of quiet, the caterpillar's body convulses violently. Then begins a series of rhythmic muscular contractions. All of us know that the caterpillar turns into a chrysalis, then into a butterfly. But few people actually witness the transformation. This is not lapse time photography. This is the actual speed at which the change occurs. During these few moments, he is shedding his skin, his feet, and all the external features of the caterpillar to emerge into a mysterious phase of life called the chrysalis. In just a moment, we'll delve into the mysteries of this change in color. But first, let's retrace our steps briefly. Before the caterpillar loses his skin, holding onto the twig is comparatively simple. But when he sheds this skin, he performs an acrobatic feat that makes the man on the flying trapeze look like an amateur. First, he hangs onto the skin by pinching it between the folds of his body. Next, he withdraws what the entomologist terms the cremaster, and neatly hooks it onto the branch. It looks as though he might shake himself loose as he struggles violently to rid himself of the rolled-up skin. But we don't need to worry about this. He has fastened himself in a way that will support more than 100 times his own weight. Key to this support is the cremaster, unique organ at the extreme lower tip of his body. It's actually no larger than the head of a pin, yet the microscope reveals it is covered with 140 tiny sharp hooks, just the equipment he needs. But, the hooks are just half the story. Several days earlier, the caterpillar had the foresight to spin this strong, almost invisible web of silk on the branch. And it is this web that holds the hooks of the cremaster secure. Can you spot the chrysalis in this picture? Pretty well hidden, wasn't it? This blending of the colors into the background is no accident. It is deliberate camouflage. Caterpillars forming these chrysalids were all of the same type, the anise swallowtail. Fed the same food, raised under identical conditions, there was just one difference. They were placed on different colored sticks just before entering the chrysalis stage. The emerging chrysalis does not immediately bear any resemblance to his environment. At first, it is greenish-white in color. Almost immediately, however, there is a striking change in color that agrees perfectly with the surroundings. This camouflage is the only protection the helpless insect has during the 2 weeks or so it hangs quietly awaiting its day of liberation. When this day arrives, the insect jerks violently for a few moments, and then the chrysalis pops open, and from it emerges an adult insect, the butterfly. Of course, he still doesn't look much like a butterfly because his wings have not yet filled out. But this process won't take long. If you watch very closely, you'll see it actually take place. Tiny tubes within the wings are being filled, some with blood, some with air, and some with a liquid that will soon cement, giving rigidity and strength to the butterfly's wings. And so, the caterpillar pays his debt to society. He was an awful nuisance in that garden. But as a butterfly, he not only adorns the world with his beauty, but performs the vital function of carrying pollen from flower to flower. The Paramecium has been the biologist's classic example of simplicity. It is a tiny one-celled microorganism, which careful study has revealed possesses a tremendous life potentiality. Some forms, under ideal conditions, reproduce every 3 hours. Fortunately for us, this process doesn't continue without interruption. And the Didinium is one reason it doesn't. These little fellows eat Paramecia. Though much smaller than their victims, they actually swallow them whole. Each Didinium will eat at least six whole Paramecia every day. But what would happen if the reproduction of one Paramecium went on unhindered? If this process could continue for just 5 years, we would have enough Paramecia to solidly pack all known space. For many years, we have been told that Paramecia are so simple that they are all of one sex, and that they reproduce merely by dividing and becoming two. But, a new discovery has burst like an atomic bomb in the biological world. These tiny creatures that were supposed to be so simple have been found in some ways more complex even than man himself. These are Paramecium bursaria. Their green color is the result of an amazing method of actually labeling the tiny organisms. Present within the Paramecia is a microscopic form of algae, which varies from light to dark green in proportion to the amount of light allowed to accompany growth. Using a tiny glass tube called a micropipette, about the diameter of a human hair, Paramecia of one sex are injected into a culture of a different sex. Soon after the cultures are mixed, the animals assemble into small groups. Others then join these groups until sometimes 50 or more are clumped together. After a time, however, these groups break up into pairs according to a definite and predictable pattern. In most forms of life, there are but two sexes. Paramecia, however, are multisexual. More than a score of different sexes are known among them. In the search for simplicity, the scientist has discovered an overwhelming complexity. Just a drop of water? No. A complex world just as full of wonders as the whirling galaxies of distant space. Well, these are strange and wonderful things, I think. What do they mean to you personally? This is an important question. Many times these days we hear the statement, "It isn't what you know, it's who you know that counts." The statement is made cynically, of course, but there's a real sense in which it is very true. For the man who does not know God is living an empty life. A God who can create a hundred billion universes and then hurl them into space and fill them with all the minute miracles of life is a wonderful God. What is your relationship to him? Is this wonderful God a total stranger? If so, then your life is empty and pointless, even though it be filled with all the knowledge and the wisdom of this world. Some people go through life with God as a constant companion, as a partner in every adventure. Have you wondered about the reality of this relationship? Well, the answer to that question is personal experience. And after all, isn't that the best answer? How can we enter into this relationship with God? By uh turning over a new leaf? Deciding to do better? I doubt if your experience with this formula is any more successful than mine. We need a new life, not a new leaf. We have to think of God's work in creation as something connected only with the dim and distant past. But God's work as creator is not over. He stands ready today to perform for you his greatest creative miracle. Let me read you a verse from the Bible. Therefore, if any man be in Christ Jesus, he is a new creation. Old things are passed away and behold, all things are become new. God offers to create in us a new life. A life of peace instead of turmoil. A life of victory instead of sin and defeat. A life of eternal glory instead of eternal suffering. And he's great enough to do the job if we'll only let him. The terms of this transaction between a human soul and the creator of the universe are not a matter of opinion, either yours or mine. They are clearly stated by God himself in the Bible. And it is enormously important that you and I know just what those terms are. May I make a suggestion? Get your Bible and read the third chapter of John's gospel. That's the gospel of John, the third chapter. It will take you just 3 minutes. And it could well be the most important 3 minutes in your whole life. >> And YouTube was like a substitute teacher in biology class who was striking down anybody that said anything remotely sexual or I I don't know what was going on. Um Maybe this happens all the time and I just am not noticing it, but it was Yeah. A lot of you long-timers were getting your messages held for review and I think Jeremy and and myself were going through and saying, "Oh, come on. That's okay. Come on. That's okay. Come on. That's okay. Come on. That's all right, too." Oh, brother. Anyways, thanks for joining us today. It was great watching films with you. And we'll be back again tomorrow on Thursday. And we'll watch more films, including maybe some exciting foreign language films, of which I received four boxes of yesterday. Who knows? All right. Everybody take care. If you like what you saw, hit the thumbs up. You can support us via the super thanks button. That is working again, but also going to patreon.com/avgeeks or you can go buy us coffee at ko -fi coffee .com avgeeks /avgeeks. Um we will see you soon. Everybody take care. Bye-bye.