AV Geeks 16mm Lunch 2-9-23

foreign hi everybody I'm skip Alzheimer welcome to the AV Geeks lunchtime streaming show where we watch old 16 millimeter films uh and comment on them and we've been doing this for quite a while this is episode 756. and that last film ancient temples of Athens was our 3600 745th no no that's totally wrong it's our three thousands 674th film that we showed so some of you have been along for the whole ride and I appreciate that um when we are scanning footage I always love finding footage of people running projectors and this one is just glorious um beautiful Kodachrome but I'm wondering if you noticed what is interesting about this film if you do know notice it write in the comments um it's pretty hilarious when I first watched it I was like oh um but beautiful footage nonetheless anyways let's uh watch this wonderfully meditative film called painting and abstraction Joy foreign fishing boats are a familiar and colorful site along our coast and in the season there's an artist for nearly every boat and today I am among them getting ready to paint each artist can have many different reactions to the scene before him when last on Cape Anne I painted this same subject this was the result it attempted to give a description of boats water and harbor with stress on reflections [Music] today however it might be interesting to take this same subject and utilize its planes and their movements this means that distracting literal details will have to be left out I'm able to show you now the more abstract picture that you will soon see painted as I work I'll try to think out loud first of all any painting must have height and width these determine the shape of the picture's surface and can vary greatly as can depth the third dimension depth can extend back for miles or it can be as shallow as a few feet or a few inches once the painter has chosen these Dimensions however everything he paints must be contained within them obviously he cannot move any object outside the lateral limits it would be equally ridiculous to bring an object forward out of the picture box or to force one out through the back an unbalanced placement is just as bad in depth has bad lateral arrangement in a picture objects themselves are usually spoken of as positive space the intervals between them as negative space an obvious way to get an effective distance is to make an object smaller again we can achieve distance or depth by making the color of distant objects weaker and Bluer 400 years ago Leonardo da Vinci said distant things are Bluer paler and less detailed the background landscape of his Mona Lisa grows Palo Bluer and less detailed in a deep picture box setting we are in fact so used to associating blue with distance that we will go along with Maurice Stern for example when he uses a paler blue to place other elements behind a bright blue plate within the shallow depth of a still life another theory cezanne's declared that an object which overlaps another must be in front of it even though it be pale and blue in cezanne's basket of apples a fold of the napkin although it almost matches the background comes this side of the bottle and the basket now let us consider movement these planes when horizontal and parallel or upright and parallel are static when they tilt they become Dynamic the feeling of tension develops between them which affects us as if the planes were repelling or attracting one another it is these stresses painters speak of as movement by folding paper I can show you two receding planes and now to advancing planes in our Harbor scene the line of the distant Shore marks the intersection of two planes these Advanced tortoise moreover they tilt to the left giving us a feeling of instability feelings such as we have when we see a coffee cup on the side of its saucer so I use a plane suggested by the post on the left to hold back this drift to that side this is how our first tension between planes is developed the boat and Its Reflection are next put in to be balanced later by something in the foreground it might be a figure a fisherman or another painter at work other planes are placed suggested by clouds by distant boats or buildings in his planning the artist keeps in mind the problem of color relationships as well as planes he is Guided by Instinct rather than by any set of rules and his only way of testing his decisions is to ask himself how he likes the final result the boats on the right were unrequited so we now add the figure that balances them let me show you how I hope to balance the boat with this foreground figure it's distant buildings and two distant bolts bear the same relationship to the plane on the right and because I included the horse and buildings on the right I need an area near the post on the left with a sketch completed we can now consider color relationships the artist's taste and color is sufficient reason for him to select or change Nature's colors since my expressed purpose does not require me to copy nature it amuses me to paint Cloud planes as floating rectangles the extension of planes into the sky in Lionel finding his dunes and even tide is a good example of Sky treatment the sky itself can be considered in several ways as a horizontal or as a vertical it can be represented as a cylinder or as a dome and all are truthful by now they have developed questions of balance and color areas as well as plane movements Beyond The Waterfront scene itself in Gloucester Harbor View there's a reddish building in the distance and if you look closely you will see two red orange dorys Atop The Central boat they must be balanced by planes or spots in various parts of the picture the figure in the foreground perhaps a spot there and maybe another on the right we enjoy color more if it is presented as just color rather than if shown precisely as it occurs in nature and we may use outlines to emphasize the relationships of color as well as to make the edge of a plane Advance what we look at thus consists of spots of colors balanced in depth and in quantity so in the harbor scene nature is becoming less important and the relationships of parts of my abstraction more organized the Bluer areas or planes do not always have to be distant the nearby dock overlaps other planes like sky and water and comes to the front of the picture box even although it is blue just as the water established the greatest depth in the picture my earlier picture unquestionably resembled a scene more closely it was a literary expression and I meant it to speak of Harbors fishing boats lapping water smell of the sea and hovering gulls but such preoccupation with subject matter would prevent you from seeing how planes may move and colors balance within the volume of the picture and you will remember that design in three dimensions was our purpose in painting this abstraction with planes oh Elliott O'Hare um yeah one of the long line of painters who narrate while they paint um of course Bob Ross being one of the most successful and most uh meditative um yeah it's like I'll be in Britannica there's a whole series of those films and they're really quite something all right um our next film is I believe this is uh cornet and this is Medieval Times not the restaurant uh builds and trades enjoy and uh trades throughout history trade has helped raise man's standard of living and stimulated his interest in the world in ancient Greece trade was an essential part of the economy the marketplaces of ancient Rome were also thriving institutions but Commerce in Western Europe dwindled rapidly as Imperial Rome fell to Barbarian Invaders Europe was thrown into chaos and Merchants from Africa and Asia turned away from the West to the east by 1000 A.D Africa Asia and the Middle East were tied together by a number of trade routes by contrast Western Europe then entering the medieval period was little touched by these trade routes the 10th and 11th centuries in Europe were part of the age of feudalism when noblemen ruled their own thiefs or Estates the thief was comparatively independent of the world outside it's people producing much of their own food and clothing the few Merchants traveling by rivers or roads to isolated Town markets might be stopped at toll stations where they would pay as much as three quarters of a cargo's value as tribute Ocean trade was equally hazardous still some Hardy sea captains ferrying pilgrims to ports in the Holy Land returned with exotic cargos when much of the Middle East fell under Muslim control trade with Western Europe declined beginning in 1096 European armies were recruited to recapture the holy land and return it to Christian control these Crusades took many Europeans across the seas and gave them their first good look at the world Beyond Western Europe never before had they seen such Splendor as that displayed in Byzantine cities or the wealth traded at the Muslim bazaars of Aleppo Alexandria and Damascus Italian Sailors were especially quick to seize on trade opportunities and after ferrying Crusaders to the wars they returned home with ships crammed with valuable cargos from the East precious Wares were also brought out of the Orient by Italian Merchant explorers such as the famous Polo family they were among the first Europeans to trade with China and helped Revitalize trade during the middle medieval period quantities of Eastern Commodities were imported into Europe by the 1200s imported silk and cotton Fabrics added Splinter to court costume incense contributed to the impressiveness of religious ceremonies and spices were widely used in cooking and perfume and Medicine making these imported Commodities stimulated trade in lace and Woolen cloth from Flanders and other goods made by European Craftsmen gradually trade restrictions were relaxed and European goods were carried to Market centers which later became the sites of trade fairs interest in trade spread through Western Europe commercial centers were established in London and Sturbridge in England Paris Leon and Rance in France and Bruges in Flanders cologne Frankfurt Leipzig and riebeck in Germany Geneva in Switzerland at Novgorod in Russia especially important as Trade Centers were two Italian port cities Genoa and Venice Each of which had a great Merchant Fleet Venice Queen City of the Adriatic Sea had one of the most well-developed of European ports for here all kinds of vessels could anchor in the Heart of the City the Grand Canal today reminds us of the glories of medieval Venice when the fortunes of this city were ruled by Merchant powers this Palace was the home of the vendramen family Merchant princes of vast wealth and political influence one branch of the noble contarini family lived in this Palace and this is the poscari palace the power of these families was greater than that of Many Kings for the merchants of Venice during the 12 and 1300s made great Fortunes in Mediterranean trade in northern Europe in Germany a leading Waterway of flourishing trade was the Rhine River on this River as well as on the sen and the MERS German and French Merchants shipped their goods on such waterways much of the wealth of Germany and France was carried toward the most important medieval Trade Center in northern Europe the Flemish city of Bruges Bruges often called the Venice of the North because of its numerous canals and importance to the development of European trade the many storied warehouses of medieval Bruges were filled with Goods being exchanged between Italy France Germany and England and even between Scandinavia and Spain bruise in 1252 was the scene of a significant meeting among German Merchants from the cities of Lubeck and Hamburg who met to consider forming a trade Association since they did not come from as powerful a city as Venice these Germans wanted to organize a body that would represent Merchant interests to the governments of the countries in which they traded their purpose in forming a union or Guild was to increase Merchant profits a unified Guild could petition Kings and Nobles to Grant lenient taxes for businessmen and establish courts to settle disputes justly and quickly the idea of a guild or in German ahansi was deliberated and from such meetings emerge the powerful Hanseatic League whose members almost monopolized northern European trade for 200 years until about 1450. member merchants of the Hanseatic League lived in goslar and other cities of Germany Hanseatic lead members lived as far away as London and Stockholm where they protected the interests of their Guild the success of the Hanseatic League and its Allied cities in setting up profitable trade routes led to the establishment of rival hunters or Merchant leagues Merchants Inspire and other cities along the Rhine banded together to control this vital Waterway Regensburg and Vienna controlled trade to the Balkans and Asia Minor by way of the Eastern Danube River the route between the upper Danube and the Alps passed through um and other cities handling the lucrative trade between Germany and Italy from Rule and Paris French Merchants controlled the Waters of the sen the barges and ships that moved on such waters are represented by models displayed in many European museums fleets grew as a rise in shipping was accompanied by a rise in production a variety of Hardware was wrought and cast by the iron workers of Flanders Germany and Spain fine glassware was produced in Italy and France from England came pewter services and boxes trade in luxury items increased greatly as noblemen competed for material possessions there was trade two in staple items fine woolens from Italy and Flanders and leather goods from France and England these products were made in the shops of medieval craftsmen who worked to fill the orders of merchants in the 13th and 14th centuries Craftsmen like Merchants banded together into craft guilds a craft Guild usually consisted of all Craftsmen in a community making the same product craft gills which set high standards of quality became an important part of the medieval economy today the heritage of the gills is preserved in buildings where members held their meetings and festivals in the old Flemish city of Ghent for example we find the Hall of the leather Tanner's Guild the whole of the Masons and Builders Guild and the Hall of the Grocer's Guild hundreds of years separate Medieval Times from modern Europe but many of the major production and Trade Centers in Europe today grew to importance during the Middle Ages in the German city of Frankfurt one of the chief commercial centers of Western Europe International Trade fairs have taken place since 1330. these fares at Frankfurt like hundreds of others are the direct descendants of the medieval affairs the goods sold at those fairs however were considerably different from those being made today with the help of machines but the men who operate these machines are historically linked to the men of the medieval craft guilds products of The Craft guilds were sold abroad by members of the powerful Merchant guilds some of the heritage of these Merchant gills has been passed on to present-day representatives to the European common market who plan agreements and methods to stimulate trade in Europe by seeking out new markets and developing old ones these men hope that through trade Europe can prosper and live in peace theirs is a far more ambitious effort than that of the medieval Merchant skills to bind Europe into an International Community through trade but even as the common market delegates continue their work in their new offices in the centuries-old Belgian city of Brussels they are not far from the center of that City where medieval Guild Halls are historic reminders of the rise of trade during Medieval Times [Music] right I know that uh sometimes the films are not interesting and you'd like to talk about other things but uh it seems like when some people are in the comments that everything starts talking about uh Star Trek and uh I need to kind of rein that in a little bit I guarantee you at some point we will have a Leonard Nimoy uh film or we will have a William Shatner film and then you guys can go Hog Wild with Star Trek in the meantime let's kind of keep it focused uh and not so Star Trek related uh let's see let's learn about Atomic power today enjoy [Music] One Source is water release its heat energy when put to work in an atomic reactor [Music] Atomic fuel is usually uranium fabricated in a tough ceramic form that will withstand very high temperatures small pellets of fuel are loaded and sealed in metal rods in a vessel forged from thick steel the fuel will do its work about a hundred fuel assemblies containing 60 to 70 tons of uranium pellets make up the fuel core of a large power reactor the fuel will generate heat through the process of nuclear fission these rods soak up the moving neutrons much the way of clotter soaks up ink the control rods are moved up and down in the fuel core to increase or decrease the rate of fission and heat generation the reactor operator can plunge the control rods all the way into the core to shut off the reactor at once sensitive instruments also cause the shutdown automatically if the reactor is not operating as it should to carry fuel coolant always circulates in a closed system and after giving up its heat it returns to the reactor to pick up some more water from a river or other nearby source is pumped in and out of the plant to cool the turbine system this water never comes in contact with the reactor as each fuel atom splits fishing products minute ashes are formed they remain locked within the fuel [Music] about once a year used fuel assemblies are removed from the reactor they are stored underwater because they are very radioactive due to the fission products inside to allow time for some of the radio activity to subside they remain here for several months the water blocks the radiation and cools the assemblies a used fuel assembly is valuable because it contains a good deal of unused fuel material therefore after the Aging period it is transferred to a container lifted from the storage pool and shipped to a chemical plant for reprocessing during reprocessing the radioactive fission products will be separated and stored for safe keeping thus almost all in fact more than 99.99 of the radioactive matter that was formed in the fuel either loses its radioactivity by natural aging or is removed from the power plant most of what's left together with other relatively small amounts of radioactive material for safety regulations these regulations also require regular collection of air and water samples [Music] this air filter sample along with others will be precisely analyzed in the laboratory and will provide continuous information of the plant's environment [Music] Atomic power reactors are not potential atomic bombs the dilute nature of the fuel and basic reactive principles and design make an atomic explosion an impossibility safety is strictly a matter of keeping the radioactive material confined under normal conditions this material remains tightly locked within the fuel only if a fuel assembly were to overheat to The Melting Point put a significant amount of fission products escaped from the fuel they would then be confronted with a succession of barriers only if a mechanical failure occurred could this material then get out of the reactor system even if it's highly improbable sequence of events occurred further barriers and safeguards act to isolate the fishing products many safeguards are provided to prevent these things from ever happening for example the fuel material used has a remarkable ability to reseal which acts as a barrier against fission product Escape foreign the reactor is so designed that its natural tendency is to slow down if fuel temperature increases also many of the reactor's automatic safety devices are installed in duplicate and triplicates and are designed to shut down the reactor automatically if the device fails but the designers don't stop there [Music] additional safeguards are provided whose sole purpose is to limit the consequences of an accident in the unlikely event one should ever occur safeguards are designed to enclose and isolate radioactive material that might get out of the reactor system thus preventing harmful amounts from escaping from the plant for example plants include a sealed Vapor containment system which may take the form of a steel and concrete sphere all of this is like designing an unsinkable ship and then wrapping a life preserver around it plans for an atomic power plant begin with careful study by the utility company foreign when the utility is decided to build an atomic power plant it must first apply to the U.S atomic energy commission for a construction permit the aec announces the application makes it available for inspection by any member of the public state and local officials are also provided copies volumes of details safety features and all other matters the entire correspondence between the aec and the utility all become part of the public records there are no secrets anyone with questions may study the proposed project long before construction begins by law the plant can be built only after a favorable ruling by the aec [Music] before this the commission must assure itself that both plant design and proposed location meet the test of safety a separate regulatory staff studies the application thoroughly checking calculations examining equipment and plant designs verifying data the regulatory staff becomes as familiar with the project as the designers [Music] another group The advisory committee on Reactor safeguards makes a parallel review of the application foreign this committee established by law is made up of Specialists drawn from universities and Industry [Music] giving the aec an independent evaluation of safety matters is their particular responsibility their views and those of the aec's regulatory staff are added to the public record available to all now comes another important step a public Hearing in the vicinity of the proposed plant several groups take part ility Representatives the aec licensing board all right made up of two technical Specialists and lawyer different yes representatives of the aec regulatory staff state and local officials and members of the public the aec licensing board conducts the hearing the utility representatives and the aec regulatory staff members give testimony and the views of the community are heard the hearing provides a review of all project features and serves to acquaint local citizens with project details following the hearing and after further detailed study of the record the board if it is satisfied that the project fully meets aec requirements recommends that a construction permit be issued their recommendation is then reviewed by the atomic energy commissioners foreign ahead three years of construction [Music] the plant begins to take shape thank you at his heart the foundation of rock steel and concrete [Music] here the reactor vessel will be placed [Music] continued inspection by the utility and aec through season after season the project grows miles of steel tubing tons of concrete endless skills transforming blueprints into reality [Music] the steel and concrete housing for the reactor nears completion three years of precision checking and rechecking three years of workmanship and quality control dependability [Music] while construction and Manufacturing are nearing completion planned operation teams are trained foreign The Men Who will run the reactor must obtain a special aec license Fred is now staffed ready for operation after years of preparation the first shipment of atomic fuel begins its Journey to the reactor the utility is already applied for an operating license now that the plant is built the aec review can include all details and procedures as they exist not just in plan but in fact the review is complete the license approved Beyond this aec inspections will continue for the life of the plan final pre-operational tests are performed the fuel assemblies are given a final check then loading begins foreign there to be guided into final position [Music] [Music] foreign [Music] the sealed reactor is started and goes through a period of careful low power tests [Music] then the day comes quietly without fanfare the plant goes on the line the new facility joins the growing number of atomic power plants supplying electricity Across the Nation [Music] foreign [Music] thank you Public Power is at work today is future assured the resources are vast the technology expanding yes we live by electricity and need more the kind of energy that gives its name to the atomic era now is harnessed to our lives foreign [Music] all right um thanks Rick k for maintaining the the order um in the comments uh sometimes uh we have people and it's probably the same people uh who just wanna um Troll and they just want to pick pick fights or do whatever they're not interested in watching 16 millimeter films like the rest of you do uh so we have to block them or ban them or do whatever we can and I hate to have to do that because maybe they're young people maybe they would see that film that would go like oh that's the film and then they would get it but uh no not today all right so it is a black history month and so I've been pulling films that feature uh black African-American experience and this one is an Encyclopedia Britannica film called history in Black enjoy they came to America men of every nation every race color creed they came to Freedom except one people their Destiny a unique a tragic fate they were brought in Chains to slavery but slave or free black or white the contributions of each built a great nation to know America you must know her people you must know her Heritage in Black oh foreign [Music] to weave the pattern of freedom is to reveal the contributions of many people among them the Black American March 5th 1770 King Street Boston the cry taxation without representation the answer ball and powder from British Redcoats first of all Christmas addicts 20 years a sailor a former slave an American the sounds of the Boston Massacre was soon followed by muskets of the American Revolution as the Continental forces took to the field word came from his Majesty's command freedom for all slaves joining the British even so more than 3 000 black men slave and free fought with Washington a battalion from Rhode Island at Valley Forge commendations to Hero Peter Salem for shooting British major Pitcairn at the Battle of Bunker Hill negro Sailors distinguish themselves in the Battle of Lake Erie a new nation in need of all its citizens calls on free negro Benjamin Banneker mathematician astronomer member of the commission to survey to plan the city of Washington measure negro contributions against negro conditions varying from place to place but almost always harsh for the slave The Auction Block the chains not human but property to be bought sold rented out child torn from mother man from woman [Music] food poor living conditions primitive his bed a foot wide blank pillow a stick of wood from his owner the power of life and death from the overseer the flogging branding mutilating working conditions symbolized by the whip for the slave and the free black man who was subject to kidnapping no testimony against a white man no testimony in your own behalf for petty crimes and misdemeanors slavery jail the Lash hanging no vote carry a pass education in some states forbidden entry into some states forbidden Target of mob violence pillage murder not forbidden the sea meant Economic Security to early America by 1859 nearly half of All American semen were Negroes the whaling industry owed much to blacksmith Lewis Temple inventor of the toggle Harpoon used throughout the world three black men and slaves were skilled Artisans Weavers and wheel rights iron workers and bricklayers Tanners Masons Coopers printers ship pilots Lumberjacks silversmiths Carpenters to this day magnificent Southern Mansion stand in tribute to their craftsmanship graceful balconies of Exquisite Iron Work testify to their talents in the year 1860 Living in America five hundred thousand free Negroes existing in America four million slaves Liberty or death became the slogan for many to name just a few is to honor them all Josiah Henson LED others to freedom to Canada this preacher fugitive slave built a community of homes jobs education an American Author read his life story there were meetings in 1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe published Uncle Tom's Cabin the real Uncle Tom Josiah Henson fighter man of Courage who would not rest while slavery lived to declare truth unto people this was the mission of the woman called Sojourner Truth to protect the rights the Liberties the lives of all people they called her Moses this slave who led 300 others out of bondage though it meant 19 danger-filled Journeys into the South her name Harriet Tubman the reward offered for her capture forty thousand dollars Frederick Douglass at 21 he escaped from slavery to spend the rest of his life serving Liberty Douglas spoke throughout his country and in Europe in the cause of freedom his Creed faith in the American Constitution his choice of weapons moral force and political action but history intended a war to be fought the Civil War 370 000 black Soldiers and Sailors served the North they were paid much less than their comrades and arms to protest this discrimination two of these regiments the 54th and 55th Massachusetts fought a year without drawing pay men of the Confederacy were Brave and formidable black forces met them at almost all parts of the South here negro soldiers taken prisoners some 300 in number were massacred in this war 14 of these soldiers received their country's highest award the Medal of Honor Justice will remember 38 000 black soldiers who gave their lives from the dust of battle the stench of death the burning bitterness emerge the preservation of the Union the emancipation of the slave the promised New Freedom a time of reconstruction from negro legislators to all citizens lasting contributions in education in social justice to freed men whose own children were Theirs to keep for the first time to thousands of white men of the South poor unable to vote to all of these came a free public school system political representation based on population [Music] equality before the law The Ballot Box the jury box and from negro judges decisions still used as the basis for judicial review today a black man had been called upon to serve this nation to clear the land to harvest the field to lay the track to provide muscle and skill but he'd been denied the opportunity to enjoy the full fruits of his labor now he could work for wages raise a family participate as a citizen in a growing America Land of the Free 1876 federal troops leave the South in their place A Reign of Terror a black man trying to vote riots and lynchings his home put to the torch men women children burn to death beaten to death to deny those rights so dearly what [Music] Texas Utah California a nation moved West and the Negro American made his contribution frontiersmen like James beckworth Indian fighter Scout discoverer of Sierra Nevada's beckworth pass black men fought for Texan Independence at the Alamo and San Jacinto well part of a California Gold Rush the Mormon migration rode the Pony Express moved the cattle herds of those traveling the Chisholm Trail nearly a third were Negroes black cowboys shared in the movement West help settle and farm the land the Negro 9th and 10th Cavalry followed the flag in the Indian Wars these troopers were 20 percent of the Army's Western Force Cuba 1898 they stormed the Santiago Ridge with Teddy Roosevelt's Rough Riders April 6 1909 daring the unknown Admiral Robert E Perry explored the top of the world the North Pole among the small band of six men representing the United States first man to reach the pole given the honor to raise the flag was Matthew Henson black American steel that provides jobs products defense at one time among ancient civilizations Africa produced the greatest metal workers of the world it was there that iron was discovered that men first used the forge in this tradition black American inventors have been granted thousands of patents the first in 1834 sugar refining Norbert reloads vacuum pan and other inventions made possible and extensive economical refining process railroads steamships industrial machines use the self-lubricating cup one of 57 patents granted Elijah J McCoy Jan e matsliger produced this intricate machine mass production of shoes was now possible from Granville T Woods over 50 contributions notable achievements in Steam boilers automatic air brakes Electronics incubators a telegraphic device inventive genius means economic and social progress for all people All Nations America enters World War one four hundred thousand negro Americans served over three hundred thousand assigned to labor and service units in combat black officers and Men of the 370th Infantry won more citations and quarter gear than any other U.S regiment in France the Black American fought and died overseas in a war to end all wars for democracy for freedom history Bears witness to his condition at home through state laws through violence many citizens were denied their right to vote denied equal education denied housing denied employment denied Justice [Music] yet the black man kept faith in the promise of America these are his words we do not believe that things will always continue the same the time must come when the Declaration of Independence will be felt in the heart as well as uttered from the mouth and when the rights of all shall be properly acknowledged and appreciated God hastened that time this is our home beneath it sod light the bones of our fathers for it some of them fought bled and died here we were born and here we will die this is our country [Music] science each contribution a gift to all mankind for the Black American to share in the advance of science was to overcome handicaps of every description Negroes in all scientific disciplines perform research for universities for hospitals for government for industry among the contributions Dr Ernest Everett just marine biologist new concepts of cell life and metabolism Dr Daniel Hale Williams surgeon first successful operation on the human heart Dr William a Hinton bacteriologist and immunologist the hint and test used by Health authorities throughout the world Dr George Washington Carver discoverer of 300 different foods and articles byproducts of the peanut from the sweet potato 118 products Dr Percy L Julian synthesized twice a stigmund used to treat glaucoma perfected a soybean protein discovered a method of producing cortisone did basic work on the carbon atom England suffering under the Nazi Blitz sought help from the world's leading Authority on the use of blood plasma Dr Charles Richard Drew physician surgeon supervised the blood for Britain program 1941 Dr Drew became director of the first American Red Cross Blood Bank the Manhattan Project succeeded they split the atom 12 negro scientists participated science and government merge in the race for space for microbiological research on missiles a defense department award to Dr C Bruce Lee symbols of involvement in the Affairs of their country a nation is built on education among early institutions for the black student Tuskegee organized in 1881 its first president Booker T Washington a former slave today negro Americans with Doctorate Degrees are full professors in major universities throughout the nation thousands serve youth in today's classrooms teachers and administrators a nation is built on labor on the muscle on the sweat of men and women from the ranks of the workforce of America have come men like Aether Randolph vice president and executive board member of the AFL-CIO labor leaders who devote their lives to represent to protect the interests of American workers a nation is built on Commerce black men and women fill responsible positions in industry and business [Music] this is the Navy cross awarded to Dory Miller Miller was aboard the Battleship Arizona at Pearl Harbor as a mess attendant Amanda machine gun shot down four Japanese planes and the wounded himself dragged his injured Captain to safety in a later action gave his own life World War II more than a million black men and women were members of the U.S armed forces they fought on land sea and in the air in a war to ensure basic freedoms to mankind May 7 1945 the surrender of Germany September 2nd the surrender of Japan World War II was ended again support for the rights of men everywhere from segregated units of the United States armed forces millions of negroes were moving North they sought job opportunities a better life the harsh reality Northern patterns of discrimination slum ghettos Little Helper understanding to prepare them for a new way of life to know American Music study the songs of slavery learn that to ease the burden people sing and on command people sing for the auctioneer a contented slave is easily sold for the overseer a busy field hand easily watched for the master here is proof to the world of a happy Carefree people from this history these conditions came America's only original gift to World music spirituals Blues work songs Jazz from yesterday's Bert Williams to Marion Anderson audiences everywhere applaud the talents of negro musicians composers conductors of performers in the concert hall and Opera House Entertainment USA headlines black actors singers dancers comedians foreign [Music] T return to 1770 to the work of Joshua Johnston move forward to the efforts of today's long list of distinguished artists renowned sculptors to know American literature returned to 1776 to Phyllis Wheatley build on the heritage of Alexander Pushkin Alexandre Dumas document the poet The Scholar the author note the continuing significant contribution to America's literary history Olympic star Jesse Owens brought honor to America abroad Thrills and pleasure to fellow Americans at home Jesse Owens symbol of the accomplishments of black American athletes amateurs and professionals Champions all by executive order of President Harry S Truman integration of all military units it would take time but the policy was established a new Battleground for freedom Korea 1954 racial segregation in public schools ruled unconstitutional the law of the land separate educational facilities are inherently unequal an America committed to the principles of universal human rights saw the seeds of the civil rights movement of protest indignation bitterness take hold but Congress passed laws attacking discrimination but attitudes long held continued Prejudice continued it had been accepted or encouraged by generations of Americans Prejudice ran deep in the population the institutions at every level of society for some change came too slowly or not at all American cities saw violence burning looting with increased voting power the political influence of negroes expanded large Northern cities elected negro mayors many have performed outstanding service in high government positions judges elected and appointed serve local state and federal courts June 13 1967 the Senate confirms Thurgood Marshall United States Supreme Court Justice America sent its Armed Forces to fight in Southeast Asia and black American Mothers fathers sent their sons as they had before as they had before as they had before as they had before out of the Civil Rights struggle came men of many conflicting views men such as Malcolm X who provoked both criticism and admiration Dr Martin Luther King preacher of non-violence he looked forward to the Fulfillment of the American dream freedom from persecution political religious racial economic [Applause] we will be able to speed up that day when all of our children black men and white men Jews and gentiles Muslims and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual free at last free at last [Applause] yet another assassination yet another martyr the target not this black man who confronted evil with love not four little girls murdered at prayer in church not countless thousands of men women children the real Target freedom Justice the American dream our journey toward this goal is made possible by many groups people of every race color creed it will be realized for each of us or none of us to deny it to any is to deny a full measure of freedom to all together we inherit the dream together we build a nation of free men [Music] [Music] foreign we do not believe that things will always continue the same the time must come when the Declaration of Independence will be felt in the heart as well as uttered from the mouth and when the rights of all shall be properly acknowledged and appreciated God hastened that time this is our home beneath that sod lie the bones of our fathers for it some of them fought bled and died [Music] here we were born and here we will die this is our country um yeah for some of you this was too long and boring but for some of you this was great and that's kind of the deal with AV Geeks is sometimes we show a film that you really love and sometimes we show a film that you really hate uh likewise I should sometimes show films that I really hate that I don't like but uh we're going through the collection trying to do it uh indiscriminately so there you go that's that's the deal with AV Geeks uh yeah but it was phenomenal film I will try to post it online I I might get pushed back uh with copyright stuff but uh yeah thanks for tuning in if you like what you saw hit the thumbs up if you were mildly annoyed by what you saw and thought it was boring hit the thumbs up um join us tomorrow we've got more films to show you and uh can buys coffee if you want at Ko Dash fi.com avgeeks or patreon.com AV Geeks or hit the super thanks button or all those different ways to support us or you can watch the videos that we have on the YouTube channel on uh which has some advertising which I know is annoying but uh we get little fractions of pennies every time somebody watches One of Those ads it's absurd but it it does help pay the bills sometimes so thanks everybody for tuning in and we will see you tomorrow