AV Geeks 16mm Lunch 12-29-2022

I understand foreign [Music] in Silver street [Music] Mr billion to you Brian O'Neill get lost uh tension so here I am um so that was a bunch of uh spliced together uh countdowns including um something that actually cut into the some of the I guess movie trailers um I don't know who built up this reel but there it is I wasn't sure what it is because it wasn't marked and we've been going through uh a bunch this box of uh that just says Identify me on them and uh that was in there so um I'm skip Alzheimer welcome to the AV Geeks lunchtime streaming show where we all watch old 16 millimeter films and the temperature has actually climbed to almost 60 degrees uh which is radically different than the teens that we had over the weekend um I actually had to turn off the water at the archive because I was afraid the pipes were gonna burst but um I think we're back it's almost t-shirt weather so that's pretty exciting uh yeah I got some films uh this this next one is clouds um enjoy [Music] clouds are the visible evidence of processes taking place in the air the garments of the weather so to speak which change continually as the weather changes in fact the changes of the cloud garments in many cases pre-seed and foreshadow changes in the weather thus the cloud is not only one of the most beautiful and inspiring of the manifestations of nature but it is a practical value as well or it indicates the probable weather conditions for the immediate future indeed if you know your clouds well enough you can do a pretty fair job of forecasting for perhaps a day ahead subject of course to upsets due to factors beyond your can for ages Farmers hunters and Mariners have used clouds as weather signs changes in weather and in Cloud forms are due to the passage of different air masses associated with wind systems called Cyclones this two-cyclone not to be confused with a tornado is a great counterclockwise winds that's 2 000 miles in diameter moving from west to east about 600 miles a day the center of this advancing burrow is a point of low barometric pressure between areas of higher pressure or anticyclones cold air masses are usually found east north and Northwest of the center where the warm sector to the South thus we have a warm front with easterly shifting to southerly winds then a warm sector with southerly winds followed by a cold front with winds shifting to Northerly where warm moist air overrides cold air there is precipitation rain or snow taking a vertical section through this diagram and changing our Viewpoint we can illustrate the progress of these fronts starting at the axis of the anticyclone where the barometric pressure is high let us watch for three or four days while the Cyclone passes think of the space above this imaginary warm front line as filled with a massive advancing warm air flowing up over a Domo Ridge of heavier cold air this warm air is moist and as it is lifted and cooled different Cloud forms develop at different altitudes as the warm front at the Earth's surface approaches there is rain or snow this precipitation is generally steady and light to moderate fair weather fellows as we enter the warm sector here warm air ascends by convection owing to the heat of the Sun and presently clouds begin to form as the weather grows warmer these clouds grow heavier and as the warm sector passes and the cold front approaches they become dense and threatening culminating in heavy rain as the cold front passes this is the so-called Squall line then the clouds tend to dissipate as the Northwest winds bring in cold descending air and finally we are back to where we started in a high pressure area so much for the phases of the typical weather cycle which is most pronounced in Winter less so in Spring and fall and often interrupted in summer now let's study the types of clouds that usually Mark the progress of such a cycle starting after the passing of a cool front we have cirrus clouds sometimes called Mare's tails these wispy clouds of ice particles are the highest of all floating at an elevation of 25 to 30 000 feet above the Earth the wind is from the Northwest barometer high temperature cool cirrus clouds may be followed by zero Stratus which may merge into serial cumulus sometimes called macro sky next not quite so high we may have altocumulus clouds meanwhile the wind is Northerly temperature cool barometer still high lower down on the frontal slope we encounter Alto stratus clouds generally with Northeast winds falling barometer and steady or slowly Rising temperature as the warm front approaches the wind swings to the east with nimbus clouds and rain or snow as the warm front passes the wind veers to a southerly direction bear in mind that shifts in Wind give a general indication as to what sector of the Cyclone we are entering then the sky clears and we have fair and warm weather for perhaps a day with Southwest winds and steady or slowly falling barometer scattered cumulus clouds appear at an altitude of 5000 feet or more gradually becoming heavier as the temperature rises as the cold front approaches the clouds often rise suddenly into threatening thunderheads mountains of cumulon nimbus clouds towering to a height of possibly thirty thousand feet foreign cold front arrives nimbus clouds form at the base of the cumulonimbus storm cloud and heavy showers occur normally a brief but violent rainstorm while the cold front is passing the temperature Falls abruptly the wind shifts to the northwest the barometer Rises and we may have a rainbow [Music] soon thereafter the storm clouds give way to fractal cumulus clouds that rapidly dissipate thus we come back to the sector of fair and cool weather and the cycle is complete so much for the Practical aspect of clouds the aspect that outdoor men study daily for indications of the weather the beauty of the cloud is quite another matter yet one of prime importance to the human spirit indeed there is no one feature of the average landscape that may add more to its charm and appeal than beautiful clouds try to make a worthwhile picture of a flat plane like this without clouds in the sky and you begin to realize the aesthetic importance of clouds in this world of ours and even when they are not inherently beautiful clouds may have much charm and interest the fog that drifts over the peak of Mount Tamo Pius though merely a greatness to The Observer on the mountain has an appeal to the lover of nature an appeal which may be heightened by the knowledge that the altitude of the Observer has much to do with the type of cloud as it is revealed to his eyes thus one man's fog may be another man's Stratus from San Francisco this fog appears as a high stratus cloud encircling the top of a distant Mountain from the slope of Pike's Peak at Sunrise we look out over a sea of fog stretching level and unbroken to the horizon if we were in Colorado Springs 2000 feet below this fog would be a broken sheet of low status clouds which would soon be dissipated by The Heat Of The Morning Sun as we look at this view of Mount Hood the cloud we see is a streak of fractal cumulus to the mountain climber it is a fog thus these fractal cumulus clouds about the summit of Mount Shasta though they look Serene enough to us sweep over the glaciers of that lofty Peak as a cold and forbidding mist from all this it appears that we might well take our clothes more or less seriously though most of us cannot hope to acquire the instinctive Weather Wisdom of the born hunter or sailor to whom the sky is an open book we may at least find pleasure and perhaps some profit in trying to understand those riddles written in paper that pass overhead day unto day utter of speech and night unto night showeth knowledge and to be able in some measure to interpret that speech is to have a fuller appreciation of the significance and beauty of the cloud a Keener sense of the Majesty of the Gathering storm of the Splendor of the sunset of the incalculable variations in color and form that lend meaning and Beauty to the Magnificent pageantry of the weather cycle foreign [Music] [Music] thank you [Music] [Music] foreign [Music] [Laughter] the heart music man and then the uh kind of DIY titles at the beginning um fascinating uh this was made by the usda's uh film Bureau um and uh yeah from the 30s just beautiful I love it um and thinking about uh strings uh I have a film set up uh on the scanner behind me uh which is called string sounds uh let me uh change over string sounds enjoy foreign [Music] [Music] foreign [Music] the sound the tighter you stretch a string the higher the sound [Music] short strings also make high sounds [Music] can you think of a way of making these sounds louder [Music] the sound is louder because the vibration of the strings makes the wall vibrate too and then you can roll in it and then you put a back on the back there strings are usually attached to some kind of a wooden box to make a louder and richer sound [Music] yeah foreign [Music] s like these vibrate slowly making low sounds [Music] would you know how to get a high sound from this string [Music] shorten the string and it vibrates faster foreign [Music] sets the strings in motion this hand makes the string shorter [Music] foreign [Music] foreign when you want to make strings vibrate for a longer time you use a bowl [Music] foreign [Music] foreign s loosens them so that every now and then they have to be tuned or tightened again [Music] a string quartet plays stringed instruments of different sizes listen to the difference in the sounds they make [Music] foreign [Music] foreign [Music] [Music] foreign [Music] [Applause] [Music] foreign [Music] each country has its own special string sounds this music from Japan is played on a Koto [Music] thank you [Music] foreign [Music] listen to the difference between these Koto sounds [Music] and the sounds of a sitar from India [Music] hahaha [Applause] [Music] [Applause] it's okay [Music] foreign [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] foreign [Music] foreign [Music] foreign [Music] thank you [Music] each country's instruments have their own special sounds [Music] these are the string sounds of American Mountain Music oh there we go we showed the guitar Friday worked out for that all right foreign [Music] [Music] and the Lord help us to get right [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] foreign [Music] [Applause] [Music] oh Harry parch uh very much uh like his compositions and his wacky instruments um but uh you know so this is what's great about when I have a can that actually has a teacher's notes in it let me let me get it real quick so in a can there's sometimes it's pasted in or taped in so here's uh talks about the purpose of it and all this and then there's suggested activities for the teacher make a harp like the one in the film you can use rubber bands guitar string or even heavy finish or ugh or even heavy fishing lines for string use round eye screws to fasten the strings to the top of the harp so you can adjust the pitch make a banjo out of a sabar a cigar box and stick full instructions may be found in some project books in the bibliography below in addition to plucking it you may use a piece of doweling to bow it make a wash tub base see bibliography a Long play it along with your harp and banjos very possibly there are four adults in your area who play in a string quartet for their spare time invite them to your class to play and show how string instruments work perhaps they will let the students play their instruments there are many reproductions of paintings and prints showing string instruments from ancient times through the present make a display of these in your classroom have students make reports on different instruments listening to recordings such as the shaharazod Indian sitar music Flamenco or Vivaldi Violin Concerto have the class make paintings or drawings of the sound that is how the sound makes them feel what it reminds them of or what the sound would look like if it were a line on a page instead of vibrating air so there you go um oh that's weird it says deposited by the department for ex-children so does that mean that they're teenagers adults ex-children um anywho um let's see what else we got oh yeah uh what time is it yeah we got time for this this is uh cotton at War enjoy [Music] to the men and women of the cotton industry the products of the cotton industry the work of your hands are helping to win the war on every Battlefront they are as necessary to our fighting men as guns and tanks as the war advances the armed services must call on you and your industry to set new production records your contribution to the National effort has been superb I know that you will meet and surpass the new demands made upon you by the necessities of War you will carry your end of the heavy load that we all must share to make sure of victory sign Gran Somerville Lieutenant General commanding reinforcements the men who might not come back without cut oh man I see your point if the Army needs all this cotton let them have it we can't we're two billion yards short this year two billion yards I can't picture two billion how much is that well it takes 122 yards of cloth to equip one soldier we're so short that 16 million men might run around naked in the first place we haven't got 16 million soldiers and in the second I haven't seen a single one of them run around naked you haven't no no all right what's this an induction station yeah I remember one of last Spring's sample orders for the Army included 19 million undershirts 18 million pairs of socks 6 million 200 000 leggings 14 million handkerchiefs all cotton you'll get about 40 different items made up General and special issue nice sleeping bag that's made of it too from head to toe from hell how much I made a steal I know I was an Airaid Warden what's that inside huh oh well I suppose it is Federal Way underwear socks shows shows yes shows blind weather and stitched shirt pants belt leggings field jacket cartridge belt gas mask the pack and most of what's in it but for instance a canvas shelter half spare socks handkerchiefs rashes food isn't cotton ever heard of cotton seed oil here you see what the well-dressed Soldier wears all over the globe caught and cotton cotton I'm getting dizzy all right lie down and go to sleep I will under cotton sheet where am I what is all this about hey to the rear hey the left leg hey the right leg hey I'm on the sweat don't worry cotton resists perspiration it does are these outfits made of it too sure and some of the barracks bags hey you look tired again I am a little bit then go on get those tents up you had another tough day that's why Uncle Sam bought you 380 million yards of cotton duck last year just so you'd have a roof over your head come on step on it we can't wait for you we gotta take off boy it's a great life to be a soldier You Roll Along on tires reinforced with Cotton court you're protected from Sun and Rain by a canvas stop you never have to walk never now well hardly ever where are we going overseas what's the rush just to complete your education you wanted to know all about continent War didn't you well I guess so look around life wraps cotton canvas any comments well I hope those rafts stay good and dry this trip these tops thousands of tops all over the globe cotton duck yes the Precision work on all these plane Motors is protected from bad weather and corroding salt by these tops and Down in the Hole much of the cargo that's going to the Troops is in cotton or burlap sacks hey look power we're off yeah we're off hooray glad to see you so happy oh why shouldn't I be for a few days I'm gonna forget all about just smell the sea in there enjoy myself lying around in the sun look up into the sky and what do you say signal flags and they're made of cut I'm surrounded by it everywhere everywhere you are life preservers Mae West they're all made of it you know it's quite a relief to look at something that's just plain metal ever heard of gun cotton [ __ ] power you let me relax just for a moment admire the sunset pretty isn't it little pink cotton cloth do you mind a few General observations go ahead you see this is a war of great distances every ounce of weight we can save counts while countless light very light it resists water mildew sunlight and perspiration cotton is tough it doesn't tear easily I believe that and remember the obstacle course my fatigue clothes stood up better under the string than I did I hope by now we've got you tough enough for this here too you got cotton that camouflage net overhead I don't care what it's made of as long as it hides us the insulation on the signal core wire the belt feeding the bullets into that machine gun [Music] this isn't the same plane as it no this is a transport for paratroopers I make a jump sure just wait your turn the shoots aren't cotton some of them are and all of them use cotton harness and are stitched with cotton thread I hope it's good Fred don't worry they use the best lightest toughest cotton the long staple kind before the war it came from Egypt now we're planning it in New Mexico Arizona California okay okay do I go now you take your orders from the man with a cigar he's the jump master watch his face we'll put a camera on his chest foreign ammunition and supplies you see those Supply Shields all cut [Music] however the Jets a couple of miles from here these men have been fighting the Japs for three weeks day and night without rest bandages are made of cotton stretches are made of cotton mattresses blankets gee I'm glad we got enough of it but I told you we're short two billion yards short look at these men take a good look at their faces do you know what they want most now what a clean shirt and clean socks I can imagine now you can because you've seen them remember it's little things that make a man feel human and often what's called morale is nothing more than clean dry clothes and morale wins battles [Music] these are the new combat uniforms they are better more comfortable than the old ones they protect a man from almost anything but bullets and every piece of them is cotton that's why we must have more of it say this is terrific look sanch give me a furlough so I can go home and tell them all about cutting the best thing you can do is stay on your job just as they're staying on theirs back home but since you're caught on so quick I'll make your private first class now a stripe made of I know cut [Music] these Doughboys are in there fighting for you they're on their way overseas and they need cotton as much as they need steel and copper and chromium and oil and gasoline they needed to fight they needed to win they need every piece of cotton we can supply foreign with each small white cloud v-day Victory Day grows nearer on the fields of home the cotton Pickers of America are fighting a war in the Mills and factories of home the cartoon workers are fighting a war and every man and woman who spins and weaves and cuts and sows everyone whose hands touch cut is helping to make some part of this flag this symbol of freedom [Applause] [Music] oh um I'm a big fan of uh films made during World War II specifically for the home front uh building morale and uh for uh whatever industry or whatever agricultural um group uh cotton wood uh all these natural resources uh trying to get people to um not slack off at work uh all these different factors uh really fascinating movement uh and it's you know it's propaganda it's it's really trying to get people to build the morale to support um you know what was happening overseas um very much I dig that uh uh let's see um I'm a little scattered today I don't know why it might be that I don't have enough coffee uh you can certainly support us by buying us coffee at ko-fi.com avgeeks and also uh on patreon patreon.com Geeks is a way to support us so we can buy things like oh I don't know I'm playing with this um filter automatic Wi-Fi automatic watering pump kit to see if I can pump isopropyl alcohol as a drip to help with a wet gait on one of the scanners um it might not work the manufacturer makes one for twenty five hundred dollars this one was I don't know forty dollars and it I hooked it up and it immediately started spraying at alcohol everywhere so maybe that's what I'm succumbing to is all the alcohol that's in the air that wasn't properly vented um anyways uh let's see what we got yeah um let's watch a NASA film Earth space our environment enjoy [Music] weather and climatic changes [Music] atmospheric pollution and disturbances of the ozone layer worldwide Magnetic storms that disrupt radar and radio telephone Communications and even cause power failures all these May well be controlled by eruptions on the Sun which affect Earth's magnetism and create the auroras by means of a vast engine around the earth the magnetosphere [Music] because this magnetosphere can affect Earth in so many ways understanding how it works might help us cope with climate and pollution variations and even help us in planning the use of our food and energy resources but how can we start to understand the magnetosphere in 1600 William Gilbert told us the Earth was a great magnet extending into space Ten Years Later Galileo Galilei turned his telescope on the sun and recorded how it surfaced constantly changed but then for 300 years the Sun and Earth pursued their courses and no convincing theory was able to connect Galileo's solar changes with Gilbert's terrestrial magnetism [Music] until a solar theory in 1890 suggested that the sun throws out particles which travel to the Earth to be caught by its magnetism in the 1950s the sun's own magnetism it was suggested flowed into space to envelop the Earth and generate the auroras high in the terrestrial sky if this was only speculation on how the Sun might affect the Earth through an invisible magnetosphere only by actually getting measurements in space could the true facts be Unearthed in the late 20s Goddard the American built the first practical rocket craft [Music] the Russian Sputnik was the first space success run [Music] the American Explorer soon followed carrying with it a geiger counter the signals produced by the counter enable Dr James Van Allen to confirm that he was recording something real but unexpected in space it repeatedly did the same thing in the same general range of altitude and latitude and longitude and therefore it must be a true physical effect that we're observing this was the first discovery in space the Van Allen radiation belts particles invisible to the eye which came perhaps from the Sun were trapped in the space around the Earth by the planet's magnetism this was the first step in establishing a link between the Sun and Earth through the magnetosphere and when the radiation belts were discovered I was very keen on the idea that the first particles from the Sun would be able to fill these radiation belts so that the stored particles we were seeing there were in part or perhaps in major part coming from the Sun and so the the paper in which the word magnetosphere was coined was that there would be a region around the Earth where the Earth's magnetic field dominated the circumstances the first concept of the magnetosphere was that of a region where Earth held particles that were captured from the Sun but did these particles really come from the Sun to find out instruments had to be fired further out into space to really discover if the erupting surface of the Sun did throw out particles and magnetism all the way to the Earth and from space this answer came back streams of particles flowed from the Sun dragging out the sun's magnetism a solar wind rushing into space but Earth's magnetism in the magnetosphere deflected the solar wind around the Earth so how then could the solar particles get in and be caught solving this space problem could be difficult you're going to have to have them penetrate to the atmosphere and so only exciting things have been done in the last few years was find that if we went clear above the Earth's poles that plasma from the Sun would directly come down into the atmosphere this was the Breakthrough solar particles detected entering directly into the magnetosphere while within the magnetosphere further measurement showed what was also invisible to the eye Seas of plasma particles around the earth and huge particle streams moving thousands of miles back from the tail perhaps to directly ignite the brightest auroras what could drive the magnetosphere into these vast movements could the solar wind rushing past outside the magnetosphere Supply the energy Well if I knew the answers to the question of how energy was transferred from the solar wind to the magnetosphere I wouldn't be sitting in front of this camera talking about it I'd be in my office writing as hard and as fast as I could to demonstrate what I believe to the colleagues which are also investigating this problem it is contentious one Theory hinges on a magnetic connection magnetism from the Sun connecting with and dragging back Earth's magnetism this would work like a Dynamo in space transferring energy into the magnetosphere where it is stored until suddenly released in a magnetic storm to disturb the Earth and create auroras for such auroras appear to be created when stored energy is released in a violent eruption throughout the magnetosphere but where can proof of this be found one place is the Arctic where auroras are seen almost every night and scientists search for Clues to show how the magnetosphere collects energy from the Sun stores it and suddenly releases it to the Earth creating auroras and a burst of energy equal to that of a large earthquake [Music] so analysis today concentrates on finding how the magnetosphere works and in particular what triggers its energy releases could it be changes in the solar wind the solar wind does not flow steadily and regularly it carries perturbations shock waves even the magnetic field changes in Direction and intensity when this happens an instability is triggered in which suddenly an explosion occurs in the tail in which magnetic energy that has been accumulated during a certain time is suddenly converted into particle energy and that typical solar wind particle that had been trapped in the tail now suddenly is accelerated toward the Earth so changes on the sun which changed the solar wind appear to trigger an energy filled magnetosphere into a sudden spasm creating a magnetic storm the brightest auroras and affecting the whole earth environment but we're there are still many of the apparent effects of the Aurora Borealis and the Magnetic storms that defy detailed explanation so there's a great deal more to be learned in the ionosphere and in the upper atmosphere of the Earth so investigations continue this is a computer simulation of the earth and auroras from space part of an experiment to measure exactly how magnetosphere energy creates them and Beyond this there are active experiments you really want to try to actively perturb the magnetosphere of the atmosphere and the atmospheric system in controlled ways so that you're actually doing a laboratory experiment you know what the input is then you can measure the the response of the system when we get to that point we'll be able to really probe the specific processes which couple these regions together in Canada there is an active experiment underway in which radio signals which disturb the magnetosphere are received from the opposite hemisphere of the world the Antarctic the signals injected here are through the magnetosphere to give a record of the changes that are happening there the most active experiments will be done with man in space on the space shuttle with the space shuttle we get the opportunity to to put man into the experiments given the new capability that the shuttle will have uh we'll be able to we'll be able to conduct a brand new variety of experiments that we've never had the capability to do before and the the scientist will be be able to interact with the medium surrounding the vehicle we'll be able to probe the medium perturb to medium and measure the responses and that's really the way you you understand things so what is understood of Earth space today laboratory simulations of a magnetic Earth and the solar wind streaming at it have been able to produce a visible representation of the magnetosphere foreign blurred and out of scale only space measurements are valid in constructing a true diagram of the magnetosphere and its movements simplified images of this complex engine in Earth space where until recently there was thought to be only empty Stillness this is however a gauge of our present day understanding and ability to predict how changes on the sun will in some ways affect the magnetosphere and Earth environment so today at forecast centers like this the sun is kept under watch Around the Clock activity in region 331 what kind of activity you have element and 331 is active it is Shifting off bands the red flare beginning in 331 start time 1958 location north 13 East 28th bad I've got a big flare could you give me some help today we know that the magnetosphere is a complex engine through which the Sun causes enormous disturbances to the Earth's environment FAA this is the forecast Center in Boulder I'd like to report a major solar flare in progress when we learn all the details of how the magnetosphere works we will be able to predict its effects on the atmosphere and its influence on short and long-term weather patterns and on changes in the earth's ozone layer then we would know what changes to expect in our environment when we see the sun shaken by a huge eruption all this lies in the future but many think the groundwork is now being laid in region 331 well that's right you probably will have some quarterbacks in a day or two he's 28. oh this is a big one it's still universally still Rising there are some effects of Magnetic storms that are controversial the apparent effects on the weather we find some fairly convincing evidence that if there is a very large magnetic storm that there are worldwide effects at the jet stream level of the atmosphere with low pressure centers that corresponds correspond to Major storms over the Gulf of Alaska deepening and the first two or three or four days but of course we know that the storms are associated with dumping of electrified particles from the magnetosphere into the Earth's atmosphere we then take a look at what happens to the to the winds and to the temperatures of the atmosphere at about 35 000 feet above our heads there seems to be no doubting the fact that there is a weather effect Beyond climatic changes there is the effect on living organisms when the whole magnetosphere is Disturbed during reversals of the Earth's magnetic polarity now at present the magnetosphere exerts a vital shielding influence on the surface of the Earth but during magnetic polarity reversals the magnetosphere for all practical purposes disappears that shielding is removed a major solar flare occurring during a reversal and polarity of the magnetic field would produce ozone depletions of a large enough magnitude that it would almost certainly have serious effects on the on the biosphere if you like on on living organisms on the surface of the Earth I don't think this is a mechanism that we have to worry about too much the um although we are a Jew for a polarity reversal in terms of of the geologic past the polarity has been stable now for nearly a million years and that from the past record is about as long as it ever is stable so this is our world around it Earth space the magnetosphere system through which the sun affects so much of our environment a better understanding of Earth space is a key to maintaining the harmony of our planet's future [Music] I guess I didn't mean to do it but I ended up showing three US Government films uh the first one was from USDA uh the second one was uh Army signal Corps and this last one or the war department and this last one was uh NASA so exciting stuff uh with some great music um sometimes that happens I didn't plan it I just was like oh I want to see continent War ooh oh this is a NASA film well I'd love to watch this oh so uh thanks for tuning in today um I hope you uh enjoyed it as much as I did the uh that string sounds film was really great um especially the um sitar or sitar on the tablet um join us again tomorrow for the last show of 2022. um yeah it's uh it's been a long wonderful year and I'm happy that you guys have been there to share it with us um as always please rewind love each other and we will see you tomorrow everybody take care bye foreign