AV Geeks 16mm Lunch 12-23-2024

e I I I I I is I hello everybody all right what's making a sound um I'm skip Alzheimer welcome to the a Geeks lunchtime streaming show uh where we watch old 16 mm films and uh think about them and talk about them uh I don't know is we started off in Seattle with that last film and I don't know where we ended up was it somewhere in uh California it was definitely a mission um I didn't get a chance to look at the the uh slate to to tell uh anyhow uh I'm in quarantine in my bedroom uh in uh Raleigh uh I over the weekend was in Charlotte and had to deliver a eulogy from my father while being double masked and um avoiding everybody cuz I didn't want to get anybody sick during um for Christmas um and that went as well as it it could but uh yeah so right now in the other part of my house is where Katrina is staying and she has not gotten sick yet so thankfully but there's also going to be a rehearsal for a Christmas uh pageant that is happening later today uh at the Rose Garden in Raleigh uh of which I won't be able to participate because I'm just feeling like crap um thankfully uh I'm not feeling that bad uh from covid um I'm still testing very positive and uh I have Pax loid mouth so if you've had Pax loid you know what I'm talking about that that metallic taste cuz I was like what is that anyhow uh thankfully we have a bunch of films to watch that have already been scanned or I've dealt with other agent genes to deal with so we're watching a bunch of stuff from the National Archives um and this one is water survival factors uh and this answers the question should you dump your poop next to you when you have ejected from your plane uh let's find out enjoy [Music] [Applause] h this shark and his relatives are long-established enemies of man he is a wicked unpredictable [Music] opponent Marine hazards such as sharks definitely are to be expected in warm water and may be encountered in Cool Water there are several ways these dangerous and unwelcome visitors may be attracted to your [Music] area blood in the water any blood human or otherwise is extremely dangerous and it doesn't take much the shark has an extremely sensitive sense of smell two molecules of blood reaching a shark's nostrils are enough to start him homing on you most sharks are scavengers if you dump your garbage vomit urine and feces near your raft the Sharks probably will be there [Music] shortly never put anything in the water if sharks are around even if no sharks are in the area throw your waste materials as far from your raft as possible and in very small [Music] quantities avoid unnecessary kicking and splashing when you are in the water because sharks have a highly developed hearing apparatus any noise transmitted through the water is likely to attract them from a considerable distance jerky uncertain movements increase chances of attack because they think you're in trouble or hurt an easy touch for [Music] them sharks are attracted by contrasts of lights and darks in clothing colors and in human skin tones the shark's Vision although poor by our standards enables him to see these contrasts extremely well anything that stands out from the general background color of the sea is liable to attract his attention do not remove your shoes bare skin as well as bright colors provide a great deal of contrast the shark is well equipped to provide for himself in his environment so the best way to stay out of trouble is to stay in your raft [Music] when you are certain that sharks are in the area use shark repellent and use it [Music] properly remember protection in depth is important the Dark Cloud is a camouflage to conceal you and frighten the Sharks further the chemicals in it create an odor that is disagreeable to them and confuses their sense of smell be aware that sharks are more prevalent in warm areas be ready to repel them if there are no sharks around stay quiet and avoid attracting them if sharks are in the area you can repel them with Sounds by striking the surface of the water with your cued hand use a strong regular [Music] [Applause] beat or you can shout [Music] underwater Oh [Music] or or you can rub your wet fingers on the surface of the preserver or [Music] rack sharks shy away from strange sights among the visual methods of preventing attacks are directing a stream of bubbles from your life preserver in his Direction tearing up paper into small pieces and scattering them all around the raft [Music] and during an attack take a mark 13 flare fire it and hold it underwater while it is [Music] burning on the physical side if a shark threatens to attack you or damage the raft discourage him by hitting him on the nose or jab him in the gills use a bailout bottle or paddle not your fist remember his front end is practically all mouth be careful not to break the paddle or lose your bottle and don't take roundhouse swings that may upset your raft do not try to shoot or knife him chances are you would only slightly injure and infuriate him if you are in the water when a shark comes at you time your movement and swim quickly to one side to evade him sharks do not have to turn on their backs or side to attack or bite they can do it from any angle but it is difficult for them to make sudden turns [Music] you can dodge them it has been done by others you may have heard that porpus will always attack sharks this is not true the porpus May attack the shark but will not necessarily do so precautions should be taken even when porpus are nearby when Crossing coral reefs or sand band bars in warm areas be extremely cautious sharks gather and feed in such [Music] areas a group threatened by shark attack should Bunch together and form a tight Circle if the sea is rough tie yourselves together face outward so that you can to see an approaching shark ward off an actual attack by kicking or stiff [Music] Army if one of you is bitten or wounded he should be treated for Hemorrhage and shock within the protective Circle improvise a tourniquet if needed [Music] remember in an emergency always keep calm if you have to swim swim with measured [Music] strokes use shark repellent if sharks are in the area [Music] be sure to envelop your entire body in the dye anything protruding from the Dy is a Target make sure to draw your feet up once in your raft stay there and remain quiet be especially Alert in warm areas throw wastes as far away as possible in small amounts remember that as a human being you are smarter than a shark if you use your head you can prevent attacks by not providing the bait or the activity to attract his attention by understanding his weaknesses and remembering his Keen ability to hear smell and see contrasts Panic on your part increases the chances of a successful attack Keep Calm plan your actions and prevent an attack through knowledge and application prevention is more than half the battle [Music] [Applause] that film was awesome I uh that was really something I was not expecting it to be as good as it was um thank you national archives for digitizing that and keeping it uh for posterity sake and you know hopefully we learn something today uh and thank you for putting the Baby Shark Song In My Head um I think I had successfully gotten it out um and then it pop back back in that is because my brain is very susceptible because I have covid all right this next film uh we had we just had a for a forest fire what should we do now let's find out enjoy 120,000 Acres of Douglas fur and ponderosa pine are burning more than 2,000 men and women are spread out over this immense area working to bring the fire under control from overhead specially equipped aircraft attack the fire line with thousands of gallons of flame retirement the forest service protects and manages more than 187 million Acres of national forests and grasslands and Wildfire strikes more than 13,000 times a year on the average some fires are small easily brought under control others are not it can take weeks of massive effort before a large fire is totally [Music] out we feel that fire is inevitable in the forest it's part of the ecological sequence even though the for service has a very strong fire prevention program there are still going to be fires caused by lightning the carelessness of campers and by malicious deliberate burning sometimes the aftermath of a fire can be worse than the fire itself particularly when critical watersheds are involved for that reason the forest service watershed management staff has the leading role in what follows Paul Ledger an Environmental Management specialist on the this staff is the man in charge of the emergency rehabilitation program even when the fire is out the battle to restore the water shed has just begun there's an ecological balance here that has to be restored but restoring the balance takes time the question is will there be time enough the weather is sometimes cruel and destructive bringing more rain than bare burned over slopes can stand and there's real potential for disaster where homes are built too close to vulnerable drainage [Applause] [Music] areas 300 acres of this Watershed were burned in the fall of 1979 the following winter and spring brought more rainfall to this area than ever recorded in more than 200 years and soils that had not been Disturbed in thousands of years sloughed from the steep slopes and swept through surrounding waterways overflowing the catchments basins and flood prevention measures that in normal times hold back the mud the results were devastating [Music] [Music] every fire that occurs within the national forest system is different each one leaves its own destructive imprint on the land the fire that stripped these slopes burned to the banks of a creek endangering the water supply for a town of more than 15,000 people until the slopes are once again covered with protective vegetation they will be vulnerable to erosion every time it rains you get this debris coming down the canyon it could completely fill that diversion Pond the debris could even take the pond right out intake building Dam and all depending upon the severity of the flood in the Chalan country of central Washington modest lakeside homes barely escaped a forest fire that came to their doorsteps the fire ran uphill very rapidly fann by a wind behind it the worst danger is posed by the thir very steep slopes the amount of sediment that could come following a rainstorm 6 weeks earlier these steep Chapparal slopes just above the city of Los Angeles burned chat cash District fire management officer explains immediately after the fire was out we started seeding the fire brakes and fire lines and we plan to continue some Reed but how long does it take for the vegetation to come back you start to receive a minimal measure of protection in 5 years and it may take as long as 15 years for this chapparel to recover to the point that it's doing the protection job it was before the fire the first few years following any fire are always critical even though nature alone can heal the scars and restore an area there are times when natural revegetation cannot do the whole job f fast enough since time is a critical factor and the element of risk can be very high diversion channels and debris basins are sometimes built in anticipation of eventual flooding to provide some measure of protection for homes and communities that could be threatened during normal rainy Seasons these measures can usually handle the mud and debris that washes down from above but these basins must be cleaned out period I odically to restore their usefulness during a heavy rainy season they may have to be cleaned out several times wildfires that burn thousands of Acres of national forests and grasslands are no respector of boundaries other federal state and private lands are often involved and when valuable Watershed and forage values are at stake immediate Rehabilitation is foremost in the minds of all concerned in fact the forest service Works closely with all land managing [Music] agencies each National Forest has a team of Specialists on call so that when Wildfire strikes no time is lost in getting a survey party out to assess the damage and estimate emergency Rehabilitation needs burn rehab team is composed of many disciplines soil science hydrology fish and wildlife biology Timber management Specialists range people depending upon the location of the fire the resources that have been destroyed and the proposed management future management direction for that particular area by Monday we should have this burer report completed so we can get a request to the Wasing office for funding the rehabilitation team has about 3 days in which to do all the their work and write up their report and send it in for further action wildlife and range resource Specialists check the condition of ground cover they look for the effects that fire may have had on the roots and crowns of the residual vegetation in this particular area I figur they're going to get some resprouting from the root so the fire wasn't of enough magnitude to cause any particular damage to the root the condition of the soil following a fire is critical from the standpoint of stability and also its capacity to absorb and hold water by applying water to a piece of the soil it can determine how quickly it's going to fall apart when wet that helps determine the amount and rate of sedimentation they also are determining whether the soil has a water repellent characteristic which sometimes occurs under brush p wildfire and the influence fire can have on water quality is directly related to the amount of Ash and debris that eventually winds up in the waterways in preparing its Rehabilitation plan it is essential that the burned area survey party develop a background profile for all of the affected streams subsequent samples can then be taken to help determine the effectiveness of selected measures what they Det determining is the condition of the stream prior to any rainfall so they can get a kind of a background condition for the stream Forest Service policy is to have physical rehabilitation underway within 5 days after the fire is out once the survey team has prepared recommendations for the rehabilitation that will be needed their report is sent to the regional office for approval and funding if the prescribed Rehabilitation will require more money than is available at the regional level the report must be forwarded to the Washington office for final approval Tuesday we received notification that the Washington office had approved the uh allocation of special uh burn Rehabilitation funds once funds have been approved the rehabilitation work crews are given their specific assignments the preliminaries have all been taken care of and as soon as men and materials can be assembled the actual Rehabilitation will get underway Grand do you want to kind of take it from there the area basically was uh 90% uh heavily burned we ended up splitting the area into two seed mixes and um figed we'd put the same amount of fertilizer on both at the upper and lower [Applause] elevations I think the main objective in any burn rehabilitation is to immediately get a protective vegetative cover on the ground this is most effectively accomplished by seating by aerial methods fertilizing is also done generally by aircraft just cheaper to do it by aircraft than it is by [Applause] hand the other possibilities for reating are do some specialized seating for specialized purpose like for Wildlife Rehabilitation this is over and above the standard uh emergency revation we sometimes do selected irrigation following receding these water lines are hooked to a pump in the creek and they're periodically moved by hand every 30 or 40 minutes further on down slope when possible the forest itself provides the materials used in [Applause] [Music] Rehabilitation damaged trees are used to Terrace the bare slopes a snag Terrace is log barrier set up on slope to stop material stop sediment from running Overland and this sediment builds up Behind These logs creating a flat spot called a Terrace they have to be laid in on the slope on Contour dug in so that no water runs underneath them you if any water runs underneath them or you're going to lose everything you've gained so they have to be done very carefully steep Rocky slopes also provide their own raw material to create check dams that will slow down runoff and help help keep the soil in place these Rock structures are laid in small channels on the ground surface to form a barrier or collect sediment behind them they break up the erosion pattern slow the water as it comes through the [Applause] channel the aftermath of a wildfire is more than scorched soil and dead Timber it is also clogged streams block ages that seriously impede the flow of water and create both hazards and Watershed control problems all we're trying to do is get the heavy debris out and clear those channels so that if we get a sudden influx of water it'll get away fast helicopters are very good because you don't cause any disturbance in the Watershed from from wheel vehicle or track vehicles in the [Music] streams following a fire we have two forces actually going on in the rehabilitation effort we have our measures that we install like receding the structural measures simultaneously with that uh nature is trying to heal that area and sometimes the first things we see are the natural sprouting of brush and ferns this is followed very closely by the sprouting of the vegetation that we seow by aircraft left to its own devices the forest will recover in time but there are many values that hang in the balance water quality wildlife habitat Recreation and a thriving and productive Forest so we cannot wait for nature alone to heal the scars of fire it is through man's efforts in concert with nature that we can best restore damaged watersheds and protect homes and communities Downstream all too often it is a race against the clock with the pinched hope that the weather is going to hold so I don't know if you hear trumpets in the background uh I'm not having a fever dream there are um uh ladies playing trumpets playing Christmas carols um they just stopped but uh that's what's happening in my dining room which is on the far end of the house excuse me I am quarantined in my room uh with Co so there you go um that boy that sounded like Peter Thomas a little bit can you hear it [Music] um anyways it's a weird time here at the uh Alzheimer household um actually wouldn't have it any other way um so yeah that that last film it sounded like Peter Thomas but there were a couple of key things that he said that did not sound like Peter Thomas so that was just somebody who was probably trained at the same place that Peter Thomas was trained all right uh got another film for you this is the Petrified River but is it about petrified Uh Wood no it's not it's about uranium [Music] [Applause] enjoy in the southwest there lies a land of stone 100,000 square miles of rainbowed Rock spread out where Colorado Arizona Utah and New Mexico meet buried beneath these Mighty Maes lie the beds of ancient Rivers preserved by time Beds which in centuries past gathered uranium that man seeks today in the Petrified River [Music] to find the Petrified River and its uranium a man must understand its origin and go back 200 million years to a Time long before the Colorado Plateau was formed in that ancient age a vast sea flowed across California and into Colorado inundating nearly the whole Southwest for A Thousand Miles Sand dun circled its [Music] Shores then as the centuries passed the West slowly Rose and the Sea retreated broad Salt Flats covered a frying land Barren of Life Eastward beyond the flats the land Rose and formed Highlands that stretched through Colorado and New Mexico and into Arizona to these Highlands in that unremembered time the rains came year after year the Tet poured down and the descending Waters carried silt and gravel to the flat below this Silton gravel built a vast plane that spread from Colorado toward California a broad plain crossed by gently Meandering Rivers as the waters flowed logs and vegetation collected at the bends of the ancient streams ready to trap the uranium which was to come their way this vast chapter of the West's history came to a close of under a burning Sun that dried up the rivers and left the logs to bleach on the sand and then wind blown Sands buried logs and vegetation and riverbeds Century upon Century Slipped Away bringing more changes sometimes new and even more Lush Plains formed above the old burying ever deeper the Petrified Rivers sometimes the highlands were gripped by Ice at one time the whole West buckled and the Earth spewed forth fire from deep within the Earth's crust hot Solutions bubbled up bearing uranium Solutions which many geologists believe spread laterally into the ancient riverbeds or as others believe flowed into these prehistoric Rivers depositing uranium among the logs and decaying vegetation today the canyon walls of the Colorado Plateau carved by rushing Rivers reveal the sediments laid down in the past geologic time preserved the Sandstone are the dunes of the great Inland Sea the ancient Plains lie Frozen in bands of red and gray rock on one Mesa wall they stand the pages of 200 million years of History pages that man can read flying close to them Airborne Prospectors seek traces of the Petrified riverbeds that bear uranium not by sight but by radioactivity for wherever there is uranium there is radiation which a sensitive instrument like a sylomer can detect at relatively great distances by this technique of Rim flying Prospectors today cover vast sections of the meses in a few hours cracking down deposits of the ore that has made the Colorado Plateau one of the world's foremost uranium producers but equally important in developing America's uranium industry is the solitary prospector who for years has been exploring this forbidding land on foot groping his way along the sheer Mesa walls as he seeks his fortune in a modern kundik whose prize is the black or canary yellow col of uranium bearing Rock his constant companion is a giga counter which detects uranium ore lying near the surface as its slender needle flickers the prospector H sore but he is not alone in the Hills today for the trained geologists and mining Engineers are also combing the Maes for Uranium if a strike seems promising the land is surveyed and the claim is staked a claim measures 600x 1500 ft and its boundaries are marked by Stakes proclaiming the discover's rights to whatever minerals May lie secreted beneath the silent Stone of the Mesa survey mockings are inscribed on the stakes and the claim is filed in the office of the county agent a notice is also written to indicate the owner and the identifying name of the claim and posted on any convenient marker then the real costs of uranium hunting begin to mount as a bulldozzer climbs the sheer Mesa wall laboriously it cuts out a precipitous and narrow road for the drill rig and trucks to follow providing access to the mine roads are hundreds of other roads leading to the claim areas built by mining companies and the government a claim may look promising but only by drilling deep into the Mesa can the or deposits be pinpointed to determine whether they are large and Rich enough to be worth mining unscrewing the drill sharp bit the Drillers remove the cylinders of stone which the hollow shaft has cut out of the rock [Music] below arranged on trays these calls provide a cross-section of the rock through which the drill has passed examining the drill cause with the radiation counter a geologist determines whether substantial amounts of uranium exist but before mining begins additional holes are drilled at regular intervals to see how far the ore extends and whether other deposits are located nearby by connecting the points where or is found geologists can make a complete map of the ore bodies that lie hidden beneath the Mesa and determine the most convenient point for sinking a shaft on the plateau many drifts enter from the Mesa wall following the ore into the Earth miners tunnel out galleries to reach ore at other levels [Music] like explorers stepping on to a new continent the miners watch intently as their drills bring to light the Petrified image of a fertile plane that lived nearly 200 million years ago for The Rock has preserved for all time the ripples left in the Sands by the Meandering rivers of those ancient days as they flowed across the [Music] plains once the ore has been blasted loose Muka loaded into the cars that will take it from the mine cars that are always on the Move carrying thousands of tons of ore a day from the man-made tunnels that honeycomb the [Music] [Applause] plateau a compressed air engine drives a mine car along down the tunnel cut by the probing drills a Meandering tunnel like the Meandering rivers of long ago that brought the uranium now inomed in stone sometimes the flickering lights pick out traces of Life along the river imprints of ferns that lined its banks and creatures that lived in its Waters sometimes they find the tracks of the dinosaurs that roam the last and lushest of the Plains [Music] [Applause] along the winding roads that have been forged through the busy Mesa country a ceaseless stream of trucks carries the ious ore to buying stations and more than a dozen processing Mills The Mill at uravan Colorado one of many lies in the heart of one of the oldest and richest uranium mining sections on the plateau after each load of ore is [Music] weighed it is dumped into receiving bins from there it is carried to a series of crushers for it must be broken to a fine size before processing begins such Mills must process hundreds of tons daily for each ton of ore yields but a few pounds of uranium in huge rotating cylinders the minerals in the finely ground ore are dissolved with acid once in solution they leave the containers as a slurry in a series of Vats the solids of the slurry settle to the bottom leaving most of the uranium concentrate in solution but with a metal as valuable as uranium even the settling Sands must be combed for any remaining metal in rotating filters liquids are drawn off from the sand and then Under Fire the Sands are dried for reprocessing the final result is a uranium compound in solution which is piped into storage tanks and then through long filter presses where the liquid is squeezed out of the uranium precipitate leaving behind a clean bright clay-like material called yellow cake and thus the labors of the the plateau come to an end labors that began almost a decade ago when Prospectors set out to comb the desolate Mesa country with a nation in need of uranium the atomic energy commission decided to open up the plateau offering miners profitable prices for their ore all over the plateau are the signs of men who stake their hopes on the uranium surch [Music] other signs reveal the prospecting and exploration work of government agencies from Across the Nation thousands of people came to the plateau to hunt for Uranium towns like Grand Junction Colorado and Moab Utah became boom towns bristling with drill Rigs and filled with strange fa stores specializing in instruments needed for the uranium search opened up everywhere the activities of the atomic energy commission and hundreds of Mining Company geologists and Engineers who poured over their maps of the Mesa country resulted in a thousand mines that changed the face of the land for Uranium mining in the United States there's a big business today sometimes a huge earthmoving job for heavy equipment and sturdy trucks a job continually expanding as new areas and new formations are discovered uranium mining is teamwork of Private Industry and government in or assaying or buying the exchange of information all the special services that keep the complex operation going tank cars and tank trucks travel ceaselessly with tons of supplies equipment of every description moves the ore all contributing to an industry now valued at several hundred millions of dollars annually and from all over the plateau the fruits of these labors flow to or buying stations and to the Mills this is an industry which did not exist a few short years ago an industry that has brought to this area enterprising men modern equipment new mines and expanding Mills Mills that work day and night to extract from mountains of ore a substance precious Beyond imagination for in it is locked the energy that created our universe energy that was born far out in space for the elements that make up our Earth came from the fiery cause of ancient Suns billions of years ago the simplest of all these elements is the hydrogen atom it has a single proton in its nucleus and an electron that circles it like a planet within Suns hydrogen atoms fuse together and are joined by two neutrons the result is a completely new element helium whose two protons attract a pair of circling electrons helium in turn becomes the next heaviest element lithium as more particles join its nucleus thus one by one all the 92 elements were forged in Stellar fire until the heaviest atom of all uranium was created uranium with a nucleus of 92 protons and nearly twice as many neutrons held together by Stellar energy uranium whose energy man has learned to liberate when a neutron strikes a uranium nucleus it is absorbed under the strain of the added particle the nucleus grows unstable and splits in two with a burst of energy releasing more neutrons in a mass of uranium the neutrons released by one fishing travel on to produce further fishion liberating more and more energy in an intense Chain Reaction this same energy will eventually light our cities run our factories and power our ships and PLS but to harness it man must build Atomic reactors to keep the Chain Reaction under control as uranium slugs are pushed into a reactor and the controls adjusted uranium atoms begin to fish and the Chain Reaction builds up producing heat it is this heat that makes Atomic power possible a liquid pumped through the reactor is heated as it flows around the hot rods passing over water carrying pipes the liquid imparts its heat to the water turning it to steam thus the reactor makes steam steam to run a powerful turbine that turns a generator to produce electricity then the electricity passes through transmission lines and on toward the world of man to light his cities and lighten his labor with the energy recovered from Suns that were born and died billions of years ago but in addition to power a reactor can also produce radioisotopes in the control room of the big reactor at Oakridge Tennessee an operator watches the instruments as men prepare to load it with slugs of uranium penetrating the reactor are more than 12200 channels in which uranium fuel is inserted a radiation counter checks the ram rod for radioactivity as it is withdrawn once it is running the reactor produces intense [Music] radiation materials inserted in the reactor become themselves radioactive substances like phosphorus Cobalt and sodium withdrawn into a lead trough they are moved with tongs and placed in a lead safe to protect workers from radiation these radioisotopes have endless uses but many must first be processed and purified handled Always by remote control with instruments that carry out the operations behind thick walls and heavy windows that hold back their dangerous rays the products of the Atomic pharmacy at Oak Ridge are stored behind a thick wall mirrors overhead enable the operated to see behind the wall and to select from a storage rack a radio isotope ordered for shipment for as long as they are used most radioisotopes will be handled thus always behind heavy walls always requiring elaborate manipulating equipment never touched but this very difficulty expresses their main virtue radiation which has made them the most valuable scientific tool since the microscope injected in minute quantities into living things their radiation reveals the paths they take as they CR through the body thus radioactive iron can be followed in blood cells or radio active phosphorus as it leaves the soil and enters a plant to nourish it radiation can also save life and the Rays from irradiated Cobalt cesium and gold are used to destroy cancerous tissue industry saves over $100 million a year by using Isotopes to measure products and control processes each month over a thousand shipments of radioisotopes leave the Oakridge National laboratory for universities hospitals and Industrial plants all over the world in medicine one of the most valuable Isotopes is radioactive iodine removed from the hospital storage cell it will be used to prepare a dose of atomic medicine the normal thyroid absorbs iodine and its radioactive form as well since an overactive thyroid thyroid will take up more iodine than a normal thyroid radioactive iodine can swiftly and accurately diagnose the trouble the atomic medicine is prepared by a remote control pipe head as a technician watching his movements in a mirror inserts the pipe pet down into a lead box he draws up the solution then transfers a measured amount into a paper cup to which water is added for the patient to drink above the suspect gland a radiation counter moves back and forth detecting the iodine's radiation and recording the spots where it is concentrating there is the diseased thyroid whose effect Ive diagnosis will lead to early treatment the blinking of a warning light indicates another Priceless isotope is at work Cobalt [Music] 60 mounted inside a rocking cylinder the Cobalt's penetrating radiation bombards a tumor deep in the patient's body often destroying the malignant cells with its Rays as dials record the dose administered one vast New Field of research is the preservation of food by radiation exposed to it potatoes can be stored for years without sprouting because radiation destroys living cells scientists are using it to kill the bacteria that spoil food dozens of samples are prepared each day inside a lead Cask the meat is exposed to Radioactive Cobalt whose Rays kill the bacteria today a radiated meat remains fresh for weeks someday it may last for months as fresh as the day it was packaged a pair of docel burrows helps in investigating one of the most basic processes of all metabolism Isotopes are added to the feed and then the radioactivity of the Burrow's breath is measured to find out how much of the material is exhaled and how much is actually built into body tissue a study that will ultimately reveal more about how the human body works scientists are using Isotopes to unveil The Marvelous processes of life and growth absorbed by plants radioisotopes reveal how cells use energy from the Sun to build living tissues because radiation causes mutations breeding experiments can now be done in a few Summers producing strains which may be more disease resistant than the old by adding radioactive phosphorus and calcium to soils scientists have found the degree to which healthy plants require these substances but in amount so small only radiation could reveal their presence the Isotopes produced by uranium are penetrating the mystery of life itself in every cell lie chromosomes which contain the invisible genes that govern the cell's growth radiation can alter and break these chromosomes enabling scientists to learn more fully how they influence the development of Life under the microscope the winding chromosomes in the cells become visible as man seeks an understanding of the still smaller World Beyond the microscope probing the endless form and variety of living things scientists come ever closer to an understanding of the wondrous process by which they function following Isotopes as they are digested and built into cells and move about the body man has developed a whole new concept of what a dynamic and everchanging and ceaselessly transformed thing a living organism is thus the Isotopes formed by uranium's sunf fused energy are now fulfilling Atomic Energy's greatest promise an understanding of the nature of life itself and thus the Suns of interstellar space which on the first day of creation brought warmth and light and life into the world also gave the world a means of understanding the work of that great day for in building up the elements that make up the Earth some of the lifegiving solar energy was frozen in them implanted in the world from the beginning atomic energy has at last been liberated for the use of man that he might investigate and understand and wonder at the handywork of God [Music] [Applause] [Music] well that was epic yeah I wish I could figure out who the narrator was I I tried to do some research uh couldn't find anything off off hand but uh I don't think it's James Earl Jones that would have he would have been young for that film I feel like that film came out in 55 um and Paul Robinson that that's an interesting take but I don't know um well thanks for joining me today uh I uh feel better I'm feeling better but I still feel like I have a cold which means I'm tired and siny and cough some but I'm doing better every day so I'll be back tomorrow live uh maybe I'll be quarantined maybe I won't I don't know we'll see how the tests come out but uh thanks for joining me today and uh learning about what to do with your poop uh when you're on a life raft and um how tearing up little pieces of paper could annoy a shark who who' have thought that that's hilarious and the thing is like how are you going to have a piece of paper that's dry when you're in a LIF raft like what what is it anyways um yeah so I'll see you guys tomorrow thanks so much for your comments and for tuning in and if you like what you saw hit the thumbs up hit the like button uh you can also donate via the super thanks button or the ko-fi.com avgeeks or patreon.com avgeeks those are great ways to support us anyways I'm walking into winter Runner land and I'm going to go take a shower cuz I feel gross Everybody Take Care we'll see you tomorrow bye