AV Geeks 16mm Lunch 12-11-2023

is oh hi everybody I'm skip elamer welcome to the a Geeks lunchtime streaming show where we watch old 16 millimeter films and uh we talk about him we think about him um hope everybody had a good weekend uh that last film was from the Mogul Brothers collection which was near uh which was in New York got split up into what is now at the Library of Congress and is at uh orgon archives and yes ze zebras zebras that's what we just saw all right this next film has a uh it's cornet film happily been scanning a bunch of the Cornet films I'm behalf of cornet um this one can you recognize the celebrities or the actor um let me know if you're lost enjoy you know I've been thinking the world can be interesting sometimes you mean like right now when there's nothing to listen to or to look at or to read Yes except for you and me there's nothing to pay attention to or get interested in well maybe I can do something you know I've been thinking the world can be pretty dull and uninteresting sometimes you mean like right now when there's nothing to listen to or to look at or to read Yes except for you and me there's nothing to pay attention to or get interested in well well maybe I can do something about it for instance look at that a quinet film those are just words yes but words make life interesting words can tell the name of a film fun with words from words to sentences and they can tell about a person who helped to make the film well okay the words were there all right but I didn't see any sentences that's the next thing I was going to mention using words to make sentences I'll start with words first and then I'll work up to sentences you mean you'll talk about them no I I think I'll let you see for yourself by looking at an imaginary person at um well at a Mr Brown I'll call him a friendly neighborly man who likes to tell stories but imagine that when Miss Brown tells his stories he uses only naming words the kind of words we call nouns boy Dog House mother father toy that's not much of a story the words don't make sent that's right a string of nouns together by itself doesn't make much of a sentence so let me set it up a different way Mr Brown can use nouns and he can also use doing words the action words we call verbs boy runs dog barks girl sits frog haps these could be sentences yes a noun and a verb together can make a short sentence each pair of words is arranged so it makes sense it's what we call a complete thought capital letters and periods are all we need to make them look like sentences well maybe they're sentences but they don't tell much and they're not very interesting used by themselves nouns and verbs don't make much of a story but there are words that do add meaning to verbs and nouns we'll call them modifiers and maybe Mr Brown can use some of them in his sentences little boy has big [Music] balloon strong wind blows boy's balloon free balloon flies away little boy cries sadly those are better sentences but he still needs a few kinds of words like a and the Once Upon a Time things like that no sooner said than done now watch Mr Brown tell it once upon a time a little boy he had a big red balloon a big wind blew at the boy's balloon the balloon flew away it flew high in the sky the Little Boy Cried sadly hey that makes a a better story yes the nouns verbs modifiers and other words all went together to make sentences but there was a lot to read from now on can't we hear Mr Brown all right I'll give him a voice so that he can tell you the stories himself there once was a train full of toys and I'll set it up so we actually see the stories as he tells them the train had to go over a big Big Mountain over the mountain was a town the toys on the train were for boys and girls in the town the engine of the train broke down a big new engine came by the Broken engine asked for help the big new engine said no an old dirty engine came by the Broken engine asked for help the old dirty engine said now then a happy little engine came by it looked too little to pull the train it pulled the train though it pulled it over the mountain a boy and girls of the Town got their toys how's that well it was all right but there was something I noticed about the sentences let me show you one there the broken engine asked for help now what did you notice that it's short and he has one idea in it it has one naming word and one doing word that's true the sentence has only one noun and one verb most of the sentences in the story are like that and most of them tell what things do the broken engine asked for help that was what it did understand I think so and I was wondering can you put some short sentences together so they make longer ones of course now listen and I'll have Mr Brown tell another story and this time he'll combine some of the shorter sentences in the longer ones there once was a giant Lumber named Paul bunan and he lived in the North Woods see the idea that there was a man in the place where he lived two ideas combined in one sentence his helper was a giant blue ax one day A Lumber man complained to Paul there was TR trouble down at the river and Paul went to look it was a log Jam the river was crooked and the logs could not float Downstream so Paul bunan caught two blizzards at the North Pole and they blew on the river and froze it then he and his Ox pulled on the Frozen River and they straightened it from then on the river was straight and the logs floated Downstream you see how Mr Brown combined short sentences to make longer ones can I see one of those sentences of course the river was crooked and the logs could not float Downstream what do you think it seems more grown up the way it combines two ideas one about the sh shape of the river and the other about where the logs could float and another reason why sentences in this story are interesting is that they have words in them to tell what things look like the river was crooked that was what it looked like and the log could not float Downstream the Crooked look of the river explains why so now you've seen Mr Brown used two different kinds of sentences but they're not the only kinds for instance there's a combined sentence with two thoughts but one thought is more important than the other watch for it in this story once there was a very little boy because he was as small as a man's thumb they called him Tom Thumb even when he grew a little bigger Tom always got into trouble though he loved his parents Tom left home home after Many Adventures he was swallowed by a fish when he came out he found himself in King Arthur's Court he wanted to be a knight one day Tom saw a spider stealing the king's [Music] gold though he was not as strong as the spider he fought bravely he won and the King made him a knight though Tom Thumb was very small he was very brave do you see what I mean about those sentences I'm not sure well let me show you one you see there are two ideas combined first the idea that he loved his parents and then the idea that Tom left home but the word though makes one idea sound less important than the other though he loved his parents that sounds less important Tom left home that sounds more important and another thing about the words in this sentence they tell how people feel though he loved his parents that's how he felt about them Tom left home do you understand I think I do and do you understand what I was talking to you about a little while ago you mean that words make life so much more interesting by telling us things that's right words like those the words tell us that it's the end of a film yes but that doesn't mean that we're going to stop thinking about words and sentences I guess snack you say I can start with nouns and verbs and work up the sentences well how am I going to use nouns and verbs and the story about my um yes uh some of you recognize him his name is Spencer Milligan uh and he was born in Chicago which uh corn was based in a suburb of Chicago so was this one of the first films that he was in supposedly he was in um sleeper in 1973 and then land of the loss in 1974 197 land of the loss is what I was referring to and we actually showed uh an episode of that on um our uh uh Saturday morning Dino show um which was on the found footage Festival YouTube channel and actually got to uh talk with uh Sid Croft and uh yeah so he plays his dad and uh what a weird film this this film was really kind of strange and I think I have others in this uh series which are all in this kind of darkened room and uh yeah just I don't know very strange um let's uh learn about the Ohio River [Music] enjoy some rivers are known for their size some for their beauty some for their water power the Ohio river is known primarily for its [Music] traffic millions of tons of coal are floated down the Ohio each year along with oil products cement metal pipe sulfur and many other massive bulky products making the Ohio the busiest Inland waterway in the United States why is the Ohio such an active thoroughfare the answer lies in the history of the river and in its geography the Ohio is formed by the mananga hila and alagan Rivers at Pittsburgh it ends at Koo Illinois where it joins the Mississippi between Pittsburgh and Koo the Ohio flows Southward and Westward 981 miles separating five states along the way the westward course of the Ohio has played a vital role in The History of the United States Pioneers crossed the rugged Appalachians and headed for the Ohio as a natural highway to the West Daniel Boon LED settlers over the famed Wilderness Road through the Cumberland Gap to tributaries of the Ohio others traveled the National Road which led to Wheeling West Virginia one of the early Riverbank towns many families arrived at Fort pit which later became the city of Pittsburgh located at the head of the Ohio Pittsburgh became known as the Gateway to the West here settlers bought boats these were crude flat bottomed flat boats barrels and boxes of household goods along with tools and livestock these were the things the settlers took along with them L handled paddles called sweeps were used to guide the boats down river the power came came from the river itself the westward flowing Ohio that carried cargos to the fertile lands along the Valley Produce from the Farms corn wheat tobacco and pork was sent down the Ohio to the Mississippi and on to New Orleans it was an easy ride Downstream but getting the boats Upstream that was another matter sometimes horses were used sails were even tried but it was steam power introduced in the middle 1800s that made two-way Transportation practical Goods could now be shipped more rapidly and economically especially Upstream with the growth in transportation and trade in the Ohio Valley settlers continued to flock in from the East trading posts on the river grew into Villages here's the Way Louisville Kentucky looked in 1798 by 1835 Louisville had become a fair-sized town by 1851 Louisville had become a small City here's the Way Cincinnati looked at the same time sailboats and flatboats continued to be used along the Ohio but the steamboat had become the dominant means of transportation today the stern wheeler is a curiosity for tourists who want to relive the experiences of a century ago up to about the middle 1800s people along the Ohio depended upon the river primarily for transportation and upon the land for farming but there were two other features which were to lead to a more industrialized economy the Ohio along with its network of rivers and streams forms a watershed that extends into 14 States a tremendous volume of water pours from the major tributaries into the Ohio making it second to the Mississippi in the total volume of water carried the Ohio Watershed is also endowed with a vast quantity of coal the Appalachian and the Eastern interior Coal Field are the largest coal fields in North America coal and water have contributed to make the Ohio Valley today a booming Center of Industry sprawling steel mills Thrive along the shores of the Ohio each with a voracious appetite for coal and water vast quantities of water and coal are also used in Steam plants along the river in these plants Steam power produced by burning coal is used to generate lowcost electricity which in turn lures other Industries to the Valley Electric Power has brought aluminum plants with giant electric ovens used in the refining of aluminum atomic energy plants in the valley use more power and water than some small countries petroleum refineries and chemical plants have also been attracted to the Ohio by plti electricity coal and water Industrial Development naturally creates jobs millions of people make their living in the Ohio Valley this helps explain the large population of present day cities along the River Flat boats and log cabins have given way to factories Office Buildings Bridges and highways Cincinnati is an industrial commercial center of the middle west Pittsburgh is one of the world's largest producers of Steel other major cities along the Ohio are Wheeling West Virginia Huntington also in West Virginia and louiso the largest city in Kentucky the growth of cities along the Ohio has not been without its problems water pollution is one modern water treatment plants make wastes and sewage harmless before being poured into the river but there are still places where industrial wastes are dumped into the Ohio without adequate processing parts of the river remain poisonous to fish unsafe to swim in and unfit to drink floods have been another problem along the Ohio in past years floods have caused hundreds of millions of dollars worth of damage to help control the river the US government has constructed a series of dams locks within the dams provide passage for boats and barges several barges are generally hooked together and pushed by a single towboat this is an efficient way of moving the barges but it has created certain problems just few years ago many of the locks were too short to accommodate a long string of barges so so the units had to be separated at each Dam and taken through the locks peace meal wasting both money and time to end this waste new dams are being constructed and new locks are being built to accommodate longer strings of barges this new lock can hold a toe of barges up to 12200 ft long twice the length that could be handled previously it's an enormous load but a Modern Diesel powerered towboat can easily move it along this smooth River Highway from high above you can see that the new dams have transformed parts of the Ohio into Wide pools deep enough to assure Dependable navigation the pools also provide enormous volumes of water for Industries and cities additional water is supplied by tribut Aries of the Ohio this is Kentucky dam on the Tennessee River it forms Kentucky Lake this is Barkley Lake on the Cumberland River another tributary of the Ohio these man-made Lakes have greatly increased the water available for fish and other wildlife and for outdoor recreation but the prime value of the river is still Transportation remember that bulky raw materials as well as manufactured goods can be moved up and down the more than 900 miles of the Ohio quite easily and at low cost problems remain to be worked out in using this River problems of waste disposal flood control and navigation but that's the path of progress along such a busy thoroughfare as this the busiest Inland water highway in the United States the Ohio [Music] River sorry I just took a big bite of chicken just as that uh ended um all right uh behind me I have a film scanner set up and um right there and what we will do is uh watch a film on the scanner uh yeah what is this oh yeah it is permium ugena and amiea it's the three wise men all right enjoy I've been looking through this microscope it's very like the ones you are using and an admirable little instrument it is magnifies up to two or 300 times but I find there are some difficulties with it as you work with it it's not too steady and it tends to jiggle around somewhat it's very difficult to get the light just perfect so you see the most out of the material that you are studying and the material is so interesting I've been looking at this param meum and ukina and amoeba I think it'd be nice to look at them through a better microscope now this is much better not just because it's bigger but because it's made with the utmost skill and precision very steady as you move the focusing or do any other adjustments it doesn't jigle you can move them with the greatest delicacy and accuracy the lenses are about as perfect as you can get and you can change the light you can change it so it looks deep into the interior of things or so the background is dark and the thing itself is brilliantly light doing all these things then you can watch with your eyes or you can place here a motion picture camera and so we can record on film all the interesting things that you want to see so we have done that let us look at that film do you recognize these of course you do you're watching paramam or one of its close relatives and what can you tell about it by watching are they all the same shape are they all the same size are they all built in the same way here is one swimming around by itself it's not exemp kind as the ones you just saw but it's definitely a parames now as you watch it what do you see it doing is it swimming in a flat plane the way you would swim on the surface of the water or does it go down deeper and then does it come up toward you can you see if it makes a spiral as it swims if it twists as it goes through the water now look at its shape can you see if the outside is stiff and rigid or whether it's flexible let's take a closer look at this now with some red particles in the water watch here as it's squeezes past one clump of these do you see how the cell wall is dented in and what else can you see in this magnified view here's the nucleus that's easy to find here's something else very interesting because of this movement in the water right here this curved indented part of the parames seems to be sweeping particles into the inside of the cell here you can see how the red particles in the water have been swept into the cell and gathered together in clumps in what we call Food vacuoles what is this thing that appears and disappears that expands and contracts it's called the contractile vacuo and param meum there are two of them what do you think they do for the cell let's watch how this parames moves moves through the water and think how it does this can you see any equipment any fins any paddles by which it swims what makes it go as you look more closely at this what do you see do you notice that flickering along the outside of the cell wall do you see the particles in the water as they move by do you think there's something here pushing against the water if there is why can't we see it here with more particles in the water the currents in the water are even more clear to you is there something here perhaps moving so quickly that we can't can't quite see it here if you watch very carefully around the outside of the parium you can see the equipment by which it moves there are these tiny hairlike things that beat against the water in rhythmic waves which move the paramecium through the water also the action of these sweeps food into the gulet these are called cyia you have to look rather carefully to see them so now you know what it is that moves the parum through the water and here are some other microscopic creatures moving around do you recognize ugina among them how would you describe the shape like a cigar like a and what kind of wall does this cell have is it like the parium Fairly firm but elastic and capable of being dented let's watch what characteristic do you think this cell wall would have that would allow these remarkable changes of shape and after this change would let it resume its long shape and swim away again watch how the stuff inside the cell is pushed and pulled as the ugina changes shape it's difficult to see the nucleus here because the whole interior is densely packed with material there's a granular stuff and there are those dark heavy green bodies those green bodies are very interesting you saw them before in plant cells but does this look like a plant cell does it act like a plant cell tell is there a front end does it ever back up like the parames or does it turn completely around when it changes Direction look at the front end you can see a thing like a whiplash that is lashing about in the water this Whiplash like thing this equipment by which the ugen moves through the water very interesting thing as you saw from the front end of the cell there extends this long lash and it's really about as long as the length of the cell itself and as it twists and spirals in the water it pulls the body the pickle shaped body of the ugina after it through the relatively thick stuff of the water here is the amoeba does it have any definite fixed shape do you see any movement at all doesn't seem to swim about does it but watch here do you see any changing going on what do you think could be causing this let's look more closely looking at the granulous stuff inside the cell you see that there's a flowing going on the whole inside of the cell is Flowing down into that extension and as this material flows the extension moves forward changing the shape of the amoeba you can see here that the material from the whole cell is Flowing down is moving and this is how the amoeba moves by extending a part of itself and then transferring all of the inside of the cell into that extension it seems to pour itself from one place to another and yet those who have worked on this although they have some 12 theories do not yet know precisely how this movement occurs with this dark background you see an amoeba and parames and yugina also and you can compare their size watch how it flows down as if to catch the parames in these indentations do you think it ever catches one what's inside here it's a parames but the pale color is because it has been partly digested so you see that this flowing of the amoeba can also be used to surround and capture food which is later digested inside before we leave the microscope let's look at that fascinating flowing of the cell again that movement so characteristic of amoeba there with that better microscope and all the perfect adjustment for lighting and things of that sort you could see more couldn't you you could see more clearly you could understand better and you could answer some of the questions that had come up in your mind but you also realized that you'd been seeing these things before with your own microscope and now that you've seen them here so much better you're going to go back and using your own microscope you'll be able to see much more so you're going to study again param meum and ugina and amoeba and in your study of these and the watching you now will do I wish you the best of luck that uh microscope early on that little small one it's you can't keep it Focus it's like tiny it's um I kind of liked his his patter I kind of liked how he was he was kind of excited um and yeah uh I think uh I think I might want to try to find more of him um 1962 made that as when that was made and uh yeah what do we got here um well this is probably more microscope related stuff let let's try to macroscope something here uh yeah we talked about Ohio but we uh where I kind of grew up around there um was born near Pittsburgh but then in the fourth grade I moved to North Carolina and this film covers the area that I moov to the southeastern states enjoy look of the southeast's land climate and soil are its two distinctive features the subtropic to temperate climate and the potentially productive soil the southeast is also a place of large natural river systems the highest mountains east of the Rockies Rolling Hill Country Blue Grass country and even Rock plateaus but geographically Al the Region's Chief distinction is its warm climate and abundant rainfall and its growing season longer on the average than any comparable area in the United States the southeastern region is one of the six major regions into which we may divide the United States politically it is marked off into 11 separate states Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida Al AB abama Mississippi Tennessee Kentucky Louisiana and Arkansas it was in the Southeast that the first permanent English colony was established at Jamestown Virginia in 1607 it was to the southeast that the first negro slaves were brought a few years later many Northern colonists moved into this region as land grew scarce at home White Settlement was was accompanied by a steady flow of slave ships to the Southeastern ports gradually a plantation system developed new lands were cleared for tobacco cotton spread across the South cane prospered in the Delta and land northwards was planted in corn this produce was shipped to Market by flatboat and later by Steamboat cotton had become king but by 1860 the basically wasteful one crop system could not compete with a growing industry of the rest of the nation the economic and political conflict could not be settled except by War for the southeast a whole way of life suddenly changed along with much that changed much Remains the landmarks are still there Washington's Mount Vernon Jefferson's home at Montello The Monuments to Lee great General and educator today an expanded and mechanized agriculture is still the greatest single occupation of the Southeastern people about one-third of the total population live by farming an equal number outside the cities who do not Farm are classified as rural nonfarm there are four major farming sub regions the subtropical fruit belt the truck farming belt the mixed farming belt to the North and the Great Central Cotton Belt the subtropical fruit belt includes the huge Citrus Groves of Florida Mississippi and Louisiana and the cane and rice fields of the deep south from the truck farming belt along the entire Coast vegetables are now shipped to local markets and to markets in colder regions on the Uplands of the mixed farming belt grow corn small grains peaches apples and other fruits that have long characterized the southern Appalachian area here too cattle are raised the Cotton Belt however is still the most extensive sub region although the South no longer depends on this cash crop it is important as a sour of cotton cloth and cotton seed products in addition to the plantings of cotton winter wheat and corn are the tobacco crops this leading Southeastern cash crop has been a major product for more than three [Music] centuries but the grip of cotton and tobacco economy has been loosened throughout much of the southeast as seen in the strong Trend toward livestock dairying and poultry raising another major trend has been the decrease in the number of tenant farmers and a corresponding increase in the size of the average Farm in many parts of the region the soil is impoverished erosion and excessive rainfall have taken a heavy toll but crop rotation soil building crops and enormous quantities of fertilizer have helped restore the soil fertility altogether the southeast's major agricultural activities provide the livelihood for 9 million people once periodic floods of the Tennessee River and its tributaries ravaged the countryside now they are controlled by a great system of dams which also Supply electric power essential to the industrial and urban growth much of the southeast's industry is based on its own agricultural products and natural resources texal Mills the biggest industry track 1/4 of the Region's industrial workers here cotton from Southern soil is woven into cloth used throughout the nation although textile manufacturer was once a New England Monopoly today the southeast's cotton spindles greatly outnumber those of the Northeast cotton seed has become a valuable industrial byproduct yielding vegetable oils and onethird of the nation's protein meal feeds the Region's tobacco crops Supply its factories which turn out the world's largest number of tobacco products more and more Foods grown during the long season are processed locally before being shipped to Northern markets the forests are still a rich resource in the Southeast from these forests come logs to be converted into Furniture Lumber and paper products into the steel mills of Birmingham blow Southern coal and iron from nearby sources to feed the furnaces here deep in the south is the source of roughly 10% of the nation's annual output of Iron and Steel aluminum wear is among the newest Southeastern products and Arkansas's min Supply about 90% of the nation's box site our biggest domestic source of aluminum the southeast provides a growing market for the goods of other regions as a producer the southeast sends out cotton both in unpressed Bales and in the form of finished textiles cigarettes cigars and pipe mixtures vegetables raised on its truck Farms fruit from its Upland Orchards and subtropical citrus fruit Farms Lumber furniture and aluminum into the Southeast flow goods from the other regions from the Northeast Machine Tools small manufacturers shoes steel locomotives and investment capital from the middle States automobiles farm machinery and wheat products from the Northwest Metals wool and wheat from the Far West Motion Picture films Seafood certain fruits and vegetables from the southwest cattle and petroleum products so in what it sends out cotton tobacco fresh and processed fruits and vegetables and Forest Products and in what it receives in turn from other regions the southeast reflects an increased balance of its industry and agriculture the pattern of rural and urban life has changed and yet sections of the southeast retain much of an essentially rural style of Life The Farmhouse in the fields the cabin on the hillside the small country school or the newer Consolidated School the local Country Store and gas station the church down the road the courthouse Square on a Saturday afternoon in contrast with this pattern an urban way of life has developed in in the Southeast in cities like Birmingham Richmond and Atlanta this fairly recent Urban way of life is seen in the homes in the schools the churches in the size of shopping districts and tourist facilities in the industrial activity the trend to the city continues already there are five cities of over 300,000 and 15 other cities with over 100,000 people but the southeast today is known for the region where new techniques and diversified farming have revitalized agriculture where industry coming into its own has harnessed the power of rivers to create new sources of revenue for the region there are continuing problems and yet there are new promises for all the South has assured its future by providing education through Public Schools colleges and state universities these benefits have reached the entire population raising every standard in the region the southeast 31 million Americans living and working in a region of long tradition of achievement and of great [Music] promise yeah so there we are um the extended uh the longest I guess they were talking about the the longest uh hard time for agricultural stuff means that it's just hot and humid here all the time and uh which I don't like why am I here for that I don't know I should be living somewhere near the Arctic Circle where it's cold because that's what I like is cold weather maybe it's because I have um Viking Blood in me I'm not sure anyhow uh thanks for tuning in today uh very much appreciate you coming back watching what we're doing I should say that today if our math is right is the 9 93rd episode and so that means like next week is going to be our 1,000th episode which I believe is going to be Wednesday again if math is correct uh but we're going to actually celebrate it like we'll we'll make note of it but we will celebrate it on Saturday the 23rd which is the weekend before Christmas uh we will do a thousand minute show which I believe is 16 hours and 40 minutes we'll start at 9:00 in the morning Eastern Standard Time on the 23rd and we will go until uh 2:30ish 1:30 yeah I can't remember again there's a lot of math with time and stuff uh we'll have special guests and we'll try to show as much stuff from the scanner as possible and stuff that we haven't seen before um it would be easy to go back and say like hey let's watch our favorite stuff but I kind of want to make this a challenge uh the other thing is we're going to do a fundraiser uh and raise money for New shelving um because we need a bunch and uh allow you to adopt a shelf um and so we'll talk more about that as we get closer uh if you like what you saw hit the thumbs up hit the like button uh there's some sort of notification Bell that you can also hit uh that will let you know when we are going live but also when we put new stuff online we're we're still putting new things that we've scanned online uh because we're scanning all the time uh ideally I'd like to get everything scanned uh you know copyright lawyers uh will not like that um so maybe I can't share some of that stuff but uh we'll try to that's what our goal is is I want to share it however I can and we'll figure out a way to do it um everybody have a great rest of your day if you wanted to donate to our cop today you can go to kfi.com avgeeks or patreon.com avgeeks or use the super thanks button those are great ways to say hey we like what you do um anyways everybody have a great rest of your day excuse me and I'll see you on Tuesday everybody take care bye