AV Geeks 16mm Lunch 10 9 2025

Hello everybody. This is Skip Alzheimer. Welcome to the AV Geeks Lunchtime streaming show. And we are pre-recorded. Uh but we still want to show you some 16 millimeter films. Uh basically my show is going to happen as I'm driving to South Carolina for the Bastard film encounter. And uh yeah, so uh I mentioned yesterday that uh Greg Pierce from Oregon Archive was uh basically they were visiting us and they brought 200 films that we've been scanning or actually Greg's been scanning and uh so here are some of them. Um yesterday we watched Junior Prom, which was really awesome. Uh but today we're going to watch uh Mainline USA, which is about trains. um the shape of a leaf which is actually a really interesting film uh and it's got puppets in it uh towards the end and then a dental hygiene film called Gateway to Health. Uh all of these beautifully uh beautiful films with lots of interesting visuals. Uh that's one of the nice things about uh Greg's collection is there's a lot of interesting provocative imagery. um not just talking blah blah heads. Uh so um enjoy and uh I will try to capture some stuff that's happening at the the symposium uh and have that in uh the show that I'll have on Thursday or Friday. I don't know. We'll see. But um if you like what you saw, hit the thumbs up, uh subscribe, etc. and uh enjoy the films. Bye. All right. Heat. Heat. Hallelujah. [Music] This is the American scene. A vast panorama of shifting patterns fashioned by the toil and sweat of planting and harvesting. The strength and the power that dug riches out of the earth. The courage and faith that built huge mills and factories. The vision and initiative that built our railroads. Setting the tempo. the strong throbbing rhythm that is the pulse of a mighty nation. Today, forged out of a heritage of work and struggle, America is the living symbol of the miracle of modern production. Behind that miracle is a story, a distinguished and continuing chapter in the annals of American progress and prosperity, the saga of the American railroads. Here [Music] was our country only a little more than 150 years ago. Vast in territory, rich in natural resources, a land where opportunity waited only for men to come and grasp it. But in all its myriad forms, opportunity layow. Lacking was the one basic vitalizing factor, adequate transportation. Economic progress has always been geared to the development of abundant and efficient transportation. What good vast territories if people could not reach them? What value fertile farmlands if crops could not be delivered to important markets? How could industry take root and expand without dependable lowcost means of transporting raw materials to factories and finished products to consumer markets? In the first 50 years of its existence as an independent nation, America had no adequate answer to these problems and its vast potential in agriculture, in commerce and in industry was still in the future. And then barely more than a century ago came the impetus, the railroad providing the spark to light the torch of development and progress. Here at last was the dynamic force needed to transform a young and sprawling country into a great and powerful nation. The history of America became the history of transportation by rail. Each an integral part of the other, each drawing strength and stature from the other. Railroads meant people. People meant farms, settlements, and then great cities and industries along the nation's railroads. Time and distance, once the barriers to economic progress, were conquered by the flanged wheel on the steel rail, binding the country into one strong, rich, unshatterable unit. Railroads are the common denominator of American industry. Agriculture, mining, manufacture, each in its own right a great and basic industry, but each dependent on the proper functioning of another basic industry, transportation by rail. The food we eat, the clothes we wear, the fuel we burn, the cars we drive, all depend at some stage of their production upon railroad services. Golden grains from the plains of the north and west on every grocery shelf, on every table. Fruits and vegetables from the Pacific coast and the far south, delivered by the railroads to arrive at destinations fresh as the day they were picked. Coal from Pennsylvania, from Kentucky, from the Virginia's, Illinois, and a score of other states, transported to thousands of factories and millions of homes all over the land. Copper from the mines of Montana, Arizona, and Utah. Iron from the mines of Alabama and the Great Rangers of Wisconsin and Minnesota. Lumber from the Northwest and the Deep South. Meat from the plains of the West. Cotton from Dixie. Oil from the Midcontinent and the West Coast. The products of thousands of mills and factories. All moving in the mainstream of American life and industry. Moving at low cost. Moving by railroad. Keystone in the design of American business and prosperity. [Music] Next train for Birmingham and old boy South on track 27 >> vacation trip >> drawing room >> round trip upper lower come in >> pick it please all aboard >> those are the words the clicking of wheels the music set to the rhythmic tempo of America on the move to accommodate Mr. and Mrs. traveling public. The nation's railroads are constantly at work planning and building finer, faster, more modern equipment. Lightweight cars, the last word in streamlined comfort and spaciousness. Luxury day coaches with every convenience. New, more spacious dining cars. Comfortable lounge and club cars. All room sleeping cars. Modern hotels on wheels. Smoother riding trains. Faster train, lower fair trains, combining the ultimate in service and dependability with safety, speed, and economy. These the nation's railroads offer to the American public for visits to families, for business trips, for holiday trips to the nation's great and widespread vacation lands. Heat. Heat. [Music] [Applause] with a fabulous shopping list that touches practically every conceivable phase of American commercial activity. The railroad industry is one of the country's greatest customer consumers. The railroad spend in excess of a billion dollars every year for the products of American industry. Railroad needs go from toothpicks to cross ties, from paper clips to steel rails, from sheets and pillowcases to powerful locomotives. Railroads buy about 1/5if of all the coal that is mined in the United States and almost 1/5if of all the fuel oil sold in the country. Railroads buy about 1/5if of all the lumber that is cut. Iron and steel. Railroads buy millions of tons every year to be converted into tracks and bridges, cars and locomotives. Railroads buy the myriad products of the nation's farms for the millions of meals served in their dining cars. They use everything in such quantities as to stagger the imagination and their purchases translated in terms of dollars and cents help to enrich every facet of the nation's economy. Railroaders are substantial citizens, too. More than a million strong, they and their families are a vital force in the daily lives of their communities, contributing to the maintenance of the body politic to a degree hardly surpassed by any other employee group. The railroads of America were created by the investment of more than 27 billions of dollars. Almost all of it, the invested savings of the American people. The money of millions of individuals put into the stocks and bonds of the nation's railroads either directly or through the investments of savings banks, insurance companies, and other institutions which are the trustees of American savings. These investments have been utilized to acquire cars and engines to build shops and stations to provide the roadways, the tracks, bridges and signals, the yards and terminals and all the other essentials of railroad operation. Among all the many agencies performing general transportation services, the railroads are unique in that they provide all of their own facilities. Not only the vehicles in which they move the nation's business, but also the roadways over which this business moves. Railroads build these ways and maintain them at their own expense. And yet on these tracks as well as on all their other facilities, the railroads pay real taxes. Railroad taxes are not spent to provide and maintain railroad service and equipment. Railroad taxes go to help support the armed forces, the public health and safety, to help build and maintain public streets and highways, waterways and airports, every manner of public service. School taxes alone, which the railroads pay, are sufficient to keep more than a million children in school every year. [Music] So there you have the American railroads created by the individual efforts, the pulled and invested savings of the American people with justifiable pride and accomplishments of the past. Accomplishments in peace no less than in war. The American railroads face forward to the future. They are ever at work on the job of self-improvement in research laboratories, on tracks, in shops, in yards and terminals. From all this testing and trying and practical working experience come better things, better tracks, better cars and locomotives, better service, freight and passenger. provided only the opportunity exists for the railroads to earn the means that must be invested to make these better things come true. The American people, their industry, their prosperity, their very existence as a nation depend in large measure on the effective services made possible by the flanged wheel on the steel rail. There is nothing in existence or in sight which can replace the railroad in performing the essential transportation services upon which the very life of the nation depends. Given the opportunity, the American railroads will continue to serve the nation and her people along the proven pathway to continued progress and ever greater prosperity. [Music] [Applause] I like oldtime art very much, especially this art of way back thousands of years ago. >> What is it? [Music] >> What is it? >> But I And there's a kind I dislike very much, which is pop art because it's got too much food and Coke bottles in it. I see enough food three times a day and it looks to me as if it hasn't got much thought to it. But those artists are expressing themselves in their own way. M K. >> No. M A K >> Passes [Music] are growing. Grasses are growing. >> All right. Spell it again. Grasses are growing. A >> P >> P U >> L >> A >> E >> E L >> Maple. >> Good. All right. Now, David from here and you have to go and get your little wire in because you have a song. >> Little little in there. [Applause] >> Where's your this one? What is that? >> Art begins in seeing. David and Tommy are learning to see proportion and design in the shape of a leaf. Tommy is discovering that not all leaves look alike, that they have different shapes and different names. >> To help him tell one shape from another, Tommy has built a simple perception box. >> When he puts his leaf inside the box and looks at it, its structure is clearer and it's easier for him to identify it. [Music] Tulip. >> Ellen already knows the name of her leaf. She is learning that names are made of letters and letters have their shapes, too. >> Tulip. >> P U L I B. >> Great. Come on. Good. Okay, Tommy, put one in your box. >> Mabel. >> Oh, good. Mabel. All right. Why did you make Why did you try to make your leaf? >> In a structured art program, training and perception is only a start. To Ellen, the challenge is not to identify the leaf, but to express how her leaf looks to her and how she feels about it. >> Blue and yellow make. >> Ellen's perception of visual order is unique. >> And with these paints, she is communicating the uniqueness of her vision. >> Ellen, like any artist, is engaged in the struggle to discover herself through her work. It demands creativity, skill, and effort, but deep pride of accomplishment will be her reward. She is making an artistic statement in a style that is her own. >> A girl. A girl. >> A girl. >> Yes. >> Oh. All right. You want to make a girl? >> Yes. >> Okay. >> I want to make orange. >> Well, that's all right. What did you use to make orange? >> Yes. What? What? >> This and this. What are they? >> Red. >> Red and yellow. >> To make orange. And what did you want to make? >> Oh, I'll make orange. >> You're making an orange leaf. All right. >> I use blue, yellow, red, blue, yellow. >> And then what colors will you use? >> Black, red, yellow, blue, and red and blue. Now I can make a big big big hound balloon. >> A big what? >> Big hound balloon. >> What is that? >> That is a punk. >> Something that blows up. >> In this film, order and proportion in the shape of a leaf motivate children to seek balance and harmony in their creative expression. >> These children are mentally but they learn and they grow like boys and girls everywhere. This is their story. >> Oh, you mixed the lovely brown. How did you get that brown? >> Blue, red, and yellow. [Music] >> A what? A what? A tree. >> Yeah. I feel what kind of [Music] Okay, Oh, looks like [Music] [Applause] [Music] >> was done so long ago in into the islands of Java. All the girls there, they do it. They motif um beautiful designs for their wedding dresses. My design is um different than the other girls. Some of the other girls had their designs going straight up and down. My design is um of different eco leaves, small and large. Big ones on the outer edge and gradually going toward the middle. One big one and then some small ones around. >> Lots of lovely clouds in there. Is that what the white paper is? Yeah, >> painting with them the wax. You have to keep the wax very hot or you would >> I'm not going to have >> if it gets too dry will make them funny mark on your scar or where you're painting >> a lot of different colored trees. Now, let me see. >> Green with all this. >> Oh, you do. >> Nancy finally got brown joy. >> Good. >> You're all set. >> Come on. Um, >> one wiggy man. >> That's nice. [Music] >> Bring your stem down a little. >> My um colors are yellow >> and then I dyed it a blue and this made them my second color turn green. My final color was brown. >> There we go. >> After taking it out, we hang it. We ring it out not too hard but enough getting color out and we >> put it over a frame to let it dry. >> What did you add to it? >> A little yellow. >> How much um orange? You don't you know how? Tell me. My final when I'm ironing on the ironing board, you have to iron out >> as much as wax as you can get off and change papers. >> Well, I'll probably give it to one of my friends at home or maybe my sister. Some um one of them or maybe two I'll leave here >> so other people when I leave may see the work we do. [Music] [Applause] [Music] And the side was glor [Music] [Applause] [Music] and the shine before the [Applause] [Music] It's like a Hinderalism mask and a South Sea island mask and a an American Indians mask all rolled up in one. The u shape of the face looks like a Hinduism. It looks kind of like happy and also some life in it. And the mouth is so wide and it looks just like the mass is going to burst out in laughter. It >> was quite hard to put on the plastic pass because it didn't fit just right. You had to dip in all the water and it just gked up and the the mouth was kind of hard to make. The next step was to make the uh nose [Applause] and kind of fitting it around is quite hard. >> But I think the hardest thing is is trying to figure out where you're going to put the paint. But the colors are something like people don't usually make. Like the uh brown is kind of brownish and not brown and the red is like red but it isn't red or orange. And the leaves >> is gives it a whole different outlook on life itself. >> All three colors. Yes, >> I got it all three colors. And I got onto something real hard, which is this rug. I put the warp on a warp board and I had to make a cross. >> I started with yellow, red, and blue. And then I got purple. >> I um was watching Mrs. Perkins make this rug and she made a bigger one which I than I made and I got interested in making one. So, I thought I'd make one uh something like hers but she made uh squares in hers instead of strips like I did to mine. Then I put it on the loom and I had to tighten it up. Then I uh started weaving with these flosser knots. And the rug got boring once in a while because I really wanted to go out and play most of the time. It looks like >> now when that when that dries >> when that Mr. Mr. When that dries, I'm going to put in the uh house. Uh I'm going to put the leaf and the trees in the background after that dries. >> Well, I can't do it. >> It's going to dry. >> Make an interesting effect. Why don't you try it? >> Okay. Okay. I'll try. I finally got through it and I braided the uh bottom of the rug and [Music] in Switzerland, Sweden, they make these uh most of all and and they sleep on some of them and I might sleep on mine too. color with them all together soft and fair [Applause] for a queen to wear. Here we sit all weaving weaving friends weaving to and fros in purple and yellow the colors we all together now. What color am I making? I don't even know what the colors I'm making now. >> Apple. >> An apple. >> That's very good, Nancy. >> You know how go ahead and do it. [Music] I'd like to see a nice bright tall tree in your picture. [Music] >> I make a bee. [Music] >> That's cute. [Music] that um >> I made my design. >> Um I first I arranged them on a piece of paper and then I uh then I drew it. >> Yes. And then after that um >> I drew my design from the paper onto the material and we arranged them also. They um wouldn't all be together. We put them some in groups and some we spread out. >> You might add a little color. >> No, you put you arrange them like you want them. You just don't spread all over the place. You make a picture out of it and you put them where you want them. >> Like you put them you make um you don't put them in one place, you spread them all out. >> I made French knots in some of them too. >> And I did the satin stitch a couple of years ago when I did it. There was lots of material showing and it didn't look good. But you know when you keep on working at it, it looks better every year. Nope. >> Why don't you try a lighter color? >> A man. How many ears? >> Ears. >> Yeah. >> Well, why don't you look at mine? >> That's a girl. That's wonderful. [Music] It's not a tree [Music] in the summertime. [Music] >> Yes. Some This is really in the fall summertime. A little close to the summer. [Music] [Music] We were making a lot of things for Canada. The boy I write to is Mana. It is a French name. One day we were making some things out of clay and we sent that up and we got something very different from our crush and it was very pretty. It was all about the kings and I got a king and a camel. I made a shepherd. I made it by I first took some clay and I had to shape it. And then I took a little coil and co put it around his head. And then we had to let it dry. And when it dried, after it dried, we put it >> we had to glaze it. [Music] [Music] >> Grandma. >> And when it was all glazed, we put it in the kill. [Music] not us. [Music] >> I The first thing I used to make my puppet was was a gourd. We hollowed out the gourd. Then after that we start putting plaster around it and around it. Then we decided to squeeze the sequence by putting the eyes, nose and mouth on with with coils with little coils and shaping them out like we shaped them out just by putting them in. And for the nose, I used a round circle. And for the mouth, I used two long long strips of plaster. [Music] hold our headound. [Music] Beautiful. >> Oh, you mixed a lovely brown. How did you get that brown? >> Blue, red, and yellow. >> Oh, that's wonderful. It's fun to get your own brown, isn't it? >> Yeah. [Music] >> Waiting and steady. A tree 9. What kind of a leaf? >> 3 2 1 zero left. >> There's a leaf. >> Okay. What color are you making? >> Um uh um looks like purple. Mix it up a little. After that, we started working on the costume, which was hard. We for m for mine, I used a cape with with with black stitches on on in it on it. And then the cape and then came the gray uniform with patches sewn on on the back and the front and the red leather belt. color again. >> And I used a blanket stitch for the patches. On some of the patches, I just used a regular stitch on on one of my patches. I used a blanket stitch, which I thought it would bring which I thought it would be very interesting. My puppet is named Abraham. In the show, he took part of a poor shepherd which he came to visit the Christ child. He and he gave the Christ child a hickory leaf and some nuts. I'm not going to have any houses. And then the boys and me open the killer and it looks so pretty. I almost cried right there >> green with all this. >> Nancy finally got brown joy [Music] of loveless and grace. As prophet sung for knowing it springs from Jess's race and bears one little leaf in midst of coldest winter at deepest midnight hour fortold it Inwards of proise sure and merry arms unfolded virgin meek and pure through God's eternal will. This child to her is gi midnight. Come and still. And >> many years ago in France, people sang Christmas carols around their crush just like the one we sent to Canada and movable figures were added and little Christmas puppet shows developed. The showmen added funny parts to the Christmas story. [Music] >> Look, Joseph, at the little cradle I made for Jesus. I used tulip leaves. Now at least he's out of the hot sun. >> I am glad we found this sassifrass tree. The shade is welcome after our long journey. Mary, let us lie down and sleep. It is cool and we shall rest well. >> What is this? A family sleeping in a field under a sassifr tree. How peaceful they look. They will be hungry when they awake. I shall leave my hickory nuts and milk for them. I must hurry past now before I awake the baby. I wonder who they are. Sweet night and g awake a we come for f now high in the tree of yonder bright music we make for mild God gave us for to save us he forgave us sing and praise the holy child Joseph wake up we must hurry now I need to find a house for little Jesus before another night. How I wish I had some food for the baby and for you, Joseph. Oh, look, some lovely nuts and some milk. How good someone has been to us. >> What is that bright light? >> I have come to lead you to a resting place. Follow me, and we shall go to a stable in Bethlehem. >> Thank you. You are kind. Come, Joseph. We shall follow the angels. 3 2 1 zero blast off. I wonder what is wrong with the rocket. Milky, we decided this was the easiest way to get to Bethlehem. Now we can't get the rocket off the ground. Casper, come out of the rocket and help us. I just called the tower. They don't know what is one. >> Well, I guess we will just have to go by camera and we won't have to worry about getting them off the ground. How I wish I had a gift for the Christ child. I wonder perhaps the Christ child would like a hickory leaf. I have one more left from fall. I must run quickly and get my last hickory leaf. Shepherds come running into Bethlehem. Merrily they sing and play their pipes with deeply now they bow to Mary wondering how to greet the child. Yay zoo miles. Deeply now they bow to Mary wondering how to greet the child. Yay zoo miles. Shepherds come running into Bethlehem coming into [Music] >> the gift from the wise men and the shepherds are so welcome. Jesus is gay and happy. My name is Abraham. Uh uh. I am a poor shepherd, but I do want to see the Christ child. I have a tiny gift, only a hickory leaf. Maybe the baby would like to play with it. >> Why, Abraham, you must be the one who left milk and nuts for us. >> You bet when we were so hungry. And of all the gifts, the gold, frankincense, and myrr, little Jesus loves the hickory best. Behold, kind shepherd. You and your family will be blessed with a long and happy life. Rock my soul is treasure. Rock up by my love knows no measure. Rock up by sweet close I will hold thee. I'll hold thee as my loving arms do. I'm falling. Tuna, Pennsylvania, lives and works an interesting man. He is Dr. Fred D. Miller, a dentist. The interesting thing is that the people in his practice are different in one respect. They enjoy unusually good dental health as a group, way above average. There are people you'd like to know, so we want you to meet them. >> Mrs. Jones, this is Dr. Miller. Billy is on his way home now. Yes, everything was fine. His teeth and gums are in fine condition, strong and healthy as can be. I'm proud of that boy. This is the third time he's had his teeth cleaned and no other work was needed. I wish I could have grown up with the teeth and health he has. Oh, yes. In fact, I was a bad dental before I finished school 40 years ago. And I found out the hard way that it was all a preventable tragedy. It just didn't have to happen at all. That's why I have concentrated all these years on learning and helping others to learn how to prevent bad teeth, how to keep them sound and healthy, and not only healthy teeth, but a completely healthy body. Thank you, Mrs. Jones and thank you for your cooperation. With that kind of help, the secret of health is very simple. Goodbye. >> Would you like to know the secret, too? >> Actually, of course, it's no secret. It's just something waiting for people to learn. No, there isn't any hocus pocus about it. No magic. It doesn't hurt, but you have to put your mind to it. If you do, then you may have teeth like these. Here are twins. Not a bit of tooth decay in their mouth. This girl didn't have a good start by any means. At the age of six, she had horrible baby teeth. She was a nervous, frightened child, but she and her parents learned about good dental health, and they stuck to it. Today, she is a healthy, active young lady. She has healthy bone and gums and beautiful permanent teeth. Her mouth looks just as good as the mouths of other patients of mine. Patients who got off to a much better start. These youngsters, all in one family, are as healthy as can be. These fine teeth belong to some of those who came to the office one day to have their pictures taken. There were 32 young people, all between the ages of 5 and 28, and they all had perfect teeth without a single cavity. We've made wonderful improvements in the control of many diseases. We proudly believe we are becoming healthier and healthier, but we've become worse and worse in dental disease. Do you realize that? Why dental decay is occurring six times as fast as we dentists can repair the damage? This can't be corrected by doing any one thing like being vaccinated against a germ disease. What we eat and when we eat it is the great thing we have been neglecting in the care of our teeth. This is the chief difference between the splendid examples I've been showing you from my own practice and the bad examples the dental cripples we rounded up to show you here. Each of the youngsters with bad mouths is actually suffering from starvation. No, not because they couldn't get enough to eat, but because they and their parents didn't realize the importance of what they eat. They drink sweet drinks at all hours. They eat candy and other sweets before meals. This spoils their appetite for the things the body requires. It crowds out of the diet the things that must come first. So, they begin to be starved, literally starved. This is something that sneaked up on us while we weren't looking. Find a child in school who doesn't have tooth decay. By the age of 16, the average person has more than 10 cavities. What about you? Dental science has a great deal yet to learn about the causes of tooth decay. But this we do know. Tooth decay in the mouths we now suffer is not a natural condition. Let's look around us then and see whether nature has something to tell us. Rarely does a land animal lose a tooth through decay. Animals by their nature live in particular places. Cows and horses in fields, lions in jungles and by this means their choice of food is determined for them. The selection has become a natural instinct. They eat what they find where they live and find a balanced diet naturally. The shape of the jaws and the arrangement of the teeth of different animals can show us quite a lot about how they live and how they eat. A horse eats vegetation, but he picks it up from the ground. He eats different kinds of grasses. He too swings his jaw from side to side when he chews. But look at his teeth. Lions and tigers eat meat. They don't chew their food, but they do bite it and tear it. A leopard's jaws are very much like the jaws of a lion or a tiger. In front, he has sharp pointed teeth for tearing his meat. His back teeth are sharp blades. The two commonest animals that eat both meat and vegetation are pigs and people. And sometimes they don't look so much different when they're eating either. The teeth of the human are less differentiated than those of the browsing animals. The front teeth are cutting teeth. The back teeth are flattened for grinding. We've had to become able to eat a very large variety of foods wherever we might be. Would you like to see how the action of the jaws and the teeth would look if you had X-ray eyes? An X-ray camera sees this. Many of our foods cling and stick on the teeth like this. As we'll see, some of our other foods naturally help us take care of this. Human beings are different from other animals because we are thinking animals. But because humans can think, we must therefore think carefully about selecting the foods that will give us the properly balanced diet. We've had to become able to eat a very large variety of food that might be found wherever we might be. Everyone knows that the bloodstream supplies the different parts of the body and keeps them alive and healthy. The bloodstream feeds the teeth too. Here in this diagram, you can see where the blood vessels and nerves enter the tooth and go into the pulp chamber. Through these little tube-like openings in what we call the dentine, a strong bonyike material that is the main part of the tooth. And here forming the surface we see is the enamel, the hardest substance in your body. Whether you remember these names or not, remember that the tooth is alive. So don't wait for a toothache to remind you of it. It's alive and must constantly be nourished. And the enamel, hard though it is, is a place where the cavities start. Once the enamel is damaged by a cavity, it is lost forever. It will never grow together again as a cut on your finger does. You have to go to the dentist to get it filled. Now, here is a slice of the tooth mounted in clear plastic. We wanted to see if we could take a picture of a cavity forming. So, we went to John Aught, who is a specialist in this kind of photography. Time-lapse motion picture photography makes it possible to increase greatly the speed of action. Here is a flower growing pictured at a speed several thousand times faster than normal. Our special camera apparatus is doing the same thing as it watches our tooth. a tooth with no decay. It is encased in plastic except for one small area against which we have fitted the open end of a tube. This liquid we are pouring into it is an ordinary flavored drink. We want to see whether the tooth enamel hard and sound as it is will be harmed when it is left entirely unprotected. The opening at the bottom of the tube is mounted firmly against the tooth. The liquid in it is held continually against one spot on the enamel. We're going to photograph it through magnifying lenses. Whatever change takes place will be speeded up so we can see it occur. When we see it in time lapse, we're going to be so near it that only a part of the tooth will show. Here it is. The tooth is at the right. The irregular line to the left is where the edge of the tooth and the open end of the tube are sealed together. Keep your eye there. One month has passed. See that darkening? That's where the liquid is eating its way into the tooth enamel. The penetration goes more slowly through the fourth and fifth months. This experiment was based on a technique devised by Dr. FC Bik of the University of Chicago. We might have tried any one of a number of foods or beverages, but this flavored drink was convenient for our purpose. The tooth was unprotected. No brushing, no help from the foods that cleanse as we eat them. Unfortunately, when a cavity once gets started, it almost never stops growing by itself. It just continues getting larger and larger until the damage begins to affect the dentine. And then the nerve begins to carry pain sensations and pretty soon it's too late to do anything except to take the tooth out. The loss of even one tooth can be serious. It causes those on each side of the gap to be displaced unless an artificial one is inserted. This time our example is a 54 year old gentleman. Isn't it remarkable how good his teeth are? All 32 of them. He is Dr. Clive McKay, professor of nutrition at Cornell University. Dr. McKay will show us why the order in which we eat our foods is important. After eating sticky food, eat something that is juicy and crisp. So next, an apple. Dr. McKay agrees with me. There is something more here than the cleansing effect of the fruit on the teeth. The juicy flavor of the apple starts his mouth watering, increasing the saliva flow. That's important because the saliva has the job of helping to shield and protect the teeth against decay. Its ability to do so depends, of course, on our general nourishment and health. We can see this again with another of my patients, Bill Hughes. Bill's been a patient of mine ever since he was born, and I want to show you these beautiful teeth, so that you can get just an idea of just what a almost perfect set of teeth should look like. Drop your tongue back, Bill. That's better. Now snap your teeth together, Bill. Hard. Hard. Harder. That's the way teeth should sound. Now let's look at these gums. Now close, Bill. Now we're going to give Bill a cookie to chew. Go ahead, Bill. Chew this up. Show us how a cookie should be chewed. Fine. Now, let's take a little better look at this being chewed. Now, bite. Go ahead. Now, chew. Notice how thoroughly that uh cookie has been masticated. Now, open, Bill. I want to show them the residue that's left there. Look at the sticky residue. Now, swallow, Bill. chew it and swallow and get your mouth as free from that as possible. That's better. Now, let's see. Now, notice even after swallowing the sticky residue of material that's left adhering to those teeth. I'm going to show you the best way to clean those teeth. Bill, take a couple of bites of that apple. Now, a little faster, Bill. That's it. Chew it up real hard. Give it to business now. Let's see. Let's see what's happening in here. Notice how that chewing stroke comes from the outside in. That's important. Notice how the tongue keeps that food on the teeth. Now, swallow. Now, let's see. See how clean they are? Every tooth is just as clean as can be because of the action of that succulent fruit. Do you wonder that I argue fruit should be made available all the time at home, at school, at work, how succulent that is, how it squirts the juice as the cells are crunched. To get the natural vitamins and minerals and to get the juicy foods and the crisp foods, we need fruits and vegetables. Look at them stacked here in the market. They look mighty pretty when they are laid out together like that, don't they? And just as our eyes respond to the variety of red, yellow, green, and white fruits and vegetables, so do our system. Here's good eating. The bitey goodness of firm natural flour breads, milk, cheese, and eggs, meats, seafood. Our healthy children like the way their mothers cook vegetables. Not overdone, but leaving the flavor and goodness in. They go for fresh vegetables, the carrot sticks, and so on. And for dessert, fruit. Sometimes they have ice cream or a sweet, but always a fruit to finish, whether at the table or not. Same way if they want a bite between meals, fruit's the thing. After the evening meal, when they're ready to study or to read or to look at a television, the fruit bowl is out there for them to help themselves. This is Janet Blair, another of my patients. Do you blame me for being proud of her? As she grew up, she took care of those teeth that make that smile. She is very conscientious about her food habits. Today she is a famous actress, singer, and dancer. She's relaxing here after having played more than 1,200 consecutive performances of South Pacific without missing a single show. See what I mean when I say it's fun to be healthy? Well, it's up to you. For you have learned the simple fact that in the daily care of your teeth, the most important thing is what you eat and when you eat it. Sure, brush your teeth. Don't neglect it and remember how important it is to get them clean as soon as possible after eating and go to your dentist regularly for his professional care. But this is not enough. You have to do your part. You have to build positive health, your entire health. You have to bring good appetites to good meals. You have to watch the order in which you eat your food. By the simple rearrangement of the order in which foods are eaten, you can reduce the incidence to tooth decay. And when the toothbrush isn't there and you don't have a chance to use it, that's a double reason why you should remember to clean your teeth with an apple. End your meal with a fruit. It's fun to be healthy. [Music] [Applause]