AV Geeks 16mm Lunch 1-6-2026

Hello everybody. This is Skip Alzheimer. Welcome to the AB Geeks Lunchtime Streaming Show where we watch old 16 mm films and uh what do we got today? Variety of different things. Um the scanner is still misbehaving and I ultimately don't think it's a scanner. I think that there is something going on with the uh capture box that it's maybe freaking out something. I have to turn myself off. All right, so let's go ahead and get started with uh a deep dive into the 1970s with uh another AIT um series uh Bread and Butterflies, Decisions, Decisions. Enjoy. >> [music] >> Decisions, decisions, decisions, decisions. Everybody's got to do it. You got to think through and through it. Before you make up your mind, decide [music] to be kind. Every single then everything's fine. [music] You can worry about your problems or put your mind to work and solve them. You can talk to a friend or maybe an ex. Just remember in the end you decide to lose a win. [music] >> Tommy. >> Yeah. >> Tommy, can you go with me to my grandma's >> to paint her chicken coop? You got to be kidding, Chapman. You ain't going to go with him, are you? I might have known that Joy picked the worst time to ask me about going to his grandma's just when all the guys were around. It all started at the end of the summer when my family moved here from Salt Lake. >> There you go. Lift it up so it doesn't scratch. Be very careful cuz that's my very favorite. >> We came here because my dad got a good job as a foreman in a trailer factory. >> Sure. You can make that. Hi, Mom. Me, too. >> All right, here. Put your arm. >> It was great to be in the country. We had a barn and everything, and I really wanted a horse. >> My parents said it was okay, but I had to earn the money to buy it. >> Can I help? >> Sure, we're glad to have you. >> Okay. And that was how I met Joey. >> Take him into the kitchen. You can come back and get this table later. Here it comes. Oh, >> come on. Pass it. >> Pass it. I'm tired. I'm running. >> I can kick it to you. I'm just out of practice. >> Joey, if you don't pass it, I'm going to go in and watch TV. Mommy, Joey, aren't you ready? >> Hey, please. I'm just getting some. >> Joey, you could have asked for it to be passed. >> Maybe next time. Please pass the sandwich. The sandwich. Hey, Tommy. My family's going to go to my grandma's and me sometime this fall. And my mom said you could go with us. My My grandma needs a chicken coupe and she said she'd pay us $20 each if we did a good job. >> When in the fall, Joey? >> Well, sometime in October, probably. >> Please pass the beans. >> Just for a weekend. We'll decide that with grandma later. Please pass the pickles. She's got lots of apple trees. I could pick some. We could bring you back all you want. >> Can I go, Mom? >> Can you go? We can always use the apples, you know. We had orchards when I was a little girl. >> Sounds great. Thanks a lot. >> 20 bucks. What a great start I could get towards my horse. >> I didn't know then there was any reason I wouldn't want to go. But the next day, I began to find out how the other guys here felt about Joey. >> That wasn't funny. Come on. >> Come on. [laughter] >> That's fun. >> Yeah, but you know, it'll be a lot of fun when I earn the money to buy my horse. >> Yeah. What do you want to do now? >> I know. Let's pay for airplanes. I've never seen it made that way before. >> Yeah. Well, these things really fly high. >> Can I throw it? >> Sure. Throw it hard. >> Hey, stupid. Try and spook my horse. >> Do you know those guys, Joey? >> Yeah, but I don't like them much. Why not? Hey, I was right about that kid up there. Don't be jolly. >> You're like those other guys, dumb. I don't care what you say. >> You call us dumb. You're the stupid one. You and your friends. >> Stupid. If they give out candy bars for being smart, you guys would even get the rapper. You had it, Chapman. Next week when school started, I found out nobody liked Joey. >> Look out, Randy. >> That won't play for his. >> Have it your way, jerk. I was so mad. I didn't care what anybody said. For a while, I just played with Joey. I didn't want to make friends with jerks or make fun of people. Day by day though, I noticed that Joey never tried to make friends with anybody. It was almost like he wanted to be different. Sometimes Joey seemed to do stupid things to get people to make fun of him. >> If Joey was going to sit by himself all the time, I wasn't going to sit with him. I wanted to make friends and get a good start here. After school, I started hanging around with Bill and Chad. They were really nice guys, but they didn't like Joey either. They never teased Joey, but they kided me for playing with him. They knew all the neat places and things to do, but Joey wasn't in on anything. >> Tommy. Mom, you tell him I got to work and can't go out. >> I'm not going to lie for you, son. >> Oh, Tommy, >> you better go talk to him yourself. Can you play, Tommy? >> Uh, I don't feel very good. >> Are you sick? >> No. I just think I'll go lie down and take it easy. >> My dad says he thinks this might be a pretty good weekend for us to go paint grandma's coop. >> Oh, that's good. We're going to call grandma tonight. You can go, can't you? >> I don't know. I'll have to go talk it over with mom and dad. You sure you don't feel good enough to play? >> How you doing? I'm sorry. That's okay. I was really surprised today when you asked me to tell a lie to Joey. >> I don't know if I want to go to Joey's grandma's. >> Why not? >> Well, no one likes him at school. Kids pick on him. He asks for it. He doesn't try to make friends with anybody. And he does dumb things. >> Well, what would happen if you go paint with him? >> Well, it's just the way the guys will feel. I was just starting to make some new friends. And well, >> Tommy, if it's the apples you're worried about, please don't. We could use them, but we don't need them. But about that money you are going to earn for your horse. >> Well, I really want it, Mom. But I don't know. What do you think? Well, well, I think that the most important thing is that you think everything out really carefully. It's like when we decided to move here, there were just so many things to think about, like our friends. Of course, a big thing was dad's job. He has a lot of responsibility now. And we can put a little money away. Oh, your pigeons are doing nicely, aren't they? >> I don't know, son. I guess the more important a decision is, the harder it is to make. >> But how can you know you're making up your mind the best way? >> That's a hard one. You balance the goods and the bads both ways, and then you try to think ahead to what might happen and how you're going to feel later. cuz you got to live with your decisions. >> Yeah, it's really important, Tommy, that you learn to make decisions you can live with. >> I laid awake thinking about what would happen if I went to Joy's grandma's and did the painting. TOMMY'S GOT PAIN ON HIS FACE. TOMMY'S GOT PAIN ON HIS FACE. [cheering] >> If I did go, all the guys would find out for sure and and Joy probably brag about it. If if I went with Joe and got the money, I'd have to be his friend. Maybe the other guys would never really like me. Anyway, it'd be a long time. But if I didn't go with Joey and I wasn't his friend, he he wouldn't have any friends. I feel rotten. >> Okay, here you go. Okay, hurry. I kept trying to balance the goods and the bads of going with Joey. >> It would be great to earn 20 bucks. >> I hope you can get that, >> but it would be hard work. >> I didn't want to back out on Joey. He was my first friend here. And anyway, I felt sorry for him. But if I went, it would be harder to make friends with guys who were more fun. I wanted to help Joey and I got mad at the way people made fun of him >> today. I've got >> But why did you keep asking for it? >> Tommy, >> don't play with your food. >> Hey, Tommy, not so fast. Mom told me about your problem. The decision you have to make. It's a tough one. Do you want to talk about it? >> No, I guess not. [music] >> I rode my bike way around town so I wouldn't have to go past Joey's house. I guess I thought if I just didn't see him, he wouldn't ask me to go and I wouldn't have to decide. It was the first time since school started that so many of the guys were so friendly to me. >> Tommy. >> Tommy, can you go with me to my grandma's to paint her chicken coop? To paint her chicken coop. To paint her chicken coop. Kitchen CP supported by a consortium of 34 educational agencies. This program was produced by unit productions of the Utah State Board of Education under the supervision of AIT Agency for Instructional Television. Of course, they're not going to give you the answer. It's very frustrating. [gasps] Um, yeah, this actually happened to me as a kid. Uh, so I we moved from Ohio to somewhere basically this place, New London, North Carolina, uh, which was kind of rural North Carolina. And then we moved to Alb So, I was in uh three different fourth grades, which is not what I recommend uh as far as social development. Anyways, uh when I went to uh what was Ben Elementary, this little this kid came up to me because I was the new kid and he said he gave me a nickel or maybe it was a quarter. But basically all the other kids were like, "Yeah, he probably stole that." And what I found out was that this kid was [snorts] a pariah among the friends. He grew up in a very poor family. had lots of uh developmental emotional problems and so everybody was picking on this kid and he was just giving me a quarter to be my friend u because I was a new kid. Um and so I felt really bad about this situation how this kid was he was being picked on not only by students but also by teachers who just were assuming that he was the worst. and and I saw a couple of examples where he was not the worst, where the teacher just made a bad assumption. So, I wanted to talk to the guidance counselor at the school. And it turns out the guidance counselor knew my father who was working at mental health um in Albaro. And so I said, "Yes, I want to talk to the guidance counselor about this kid in my class who's having a lot of problems." And of course, they translated that to me being the kid with all the problems. Um, and so when I started talking to the guidance counselor who I think had checked in with my father, [snorts] um, I said, "Well, there's this kid in my class." And I gave the name of the kid and you know he's having a lot of problems and people are picking on and he's like, "Oh, okay. Yeah, it is about you are talking about another kid and yes, we are working with him blah blah blah." So, so anyways, uh this whole idea of like being the new kid and someone kind of saddling up saddling up next to you and trying to be your friend because nobody else likes him that that hits hard for me. Uh and I guess I was a very um uh emotive child. I was very much aware of what was happening and what the sense of what was not fair. Uh, so and I found that kid later on Facebook and friended him, but we have since um lost communication. Uh, anyways, so this next film is about science and about robots and how helpful they're going to be to us. Um, enjoy. South Carolina is beautiful and [music] South Carolina Electric and Gas is working to keep it that way while ensuring a ready supply of [music] electricity for today's needs. We are using new technology and making electricity. We're improving the efficiency of our generating plants. And we're building ahead today to provide electricity for tomorrow. And now, South Carolina Electric and Gas presents the Science Screen Report. The Science Screen Report. Developments in science, engineering, and medicine that help solve the problems of modern life. [music] Around the world today, computercont controlled industrial robots together with computer aided design are being applied to manufacturing in ways that will profoundly affect our society. [music] Benefits include safer working conditions, higher quality products, and more efficient use of resources. >> [music] [music] >> Benjamin Franklin called man the toolmaking animal. Until two centuries ago, the tools were relatively simple and nearly all were made by hand one at a time. But in the 18th century, Franklin and his contemporaries linked science to technology and started the first industrial revolution. Power and dexterity were transferred from man to machine. Productivity rose as mass production became increasingly common. But not everything can be mass- prodduced. In fact, most manufactured goods are made in batches of 50 or less. So, what has long been needed are new production techniques for batch manufacturing jobs. These production techniques, a new phase of the industrial revolution, are now available thanks to the development of industrial robots. In general, such industrial robots are computercont controlled machines which monitor the quality of their work and are easily programmed to do a variety of tasks. [music] But before the robots can manufacture a product, the parts must be designed. At the University of Rochester, researchers have developed a computer aided design system to speed manufacturing via robots. [music] These are the parts of a commercial vacuum pump. Formerly, before such a pump could be manufactured, the parts were designed and redesigned, then used to build prototypes. Eventually, the designs were refined sufficiently to be used to set up the batch manufacturing system. >> [music] >> The new approach speeds both production and the timeconsuming design process by immediately providing the robot's computer with accurate parts descriptions. The new system of designing parts is fundamentally different from drawing. Using a special computer language, a part is described by adding or subtracting simple shapes such as blocks and cylinders. For instance, one command is all that's needed to draw a block. To make a hole in the block, a cylinder is subtracted from it. On command, the computer moves the hole left center, adds another block, and so produces an angle bracket. Besides shapes, this system can also specify dimensions and tolerances. By doing more additions and subtractions of blocks and cylinders, it's possible to describe very complicated parts. Most important, descriptions given this way are complete, concise, and ideally suited to manufacturing systems that use robots. In most batch manufacturing, assembly and inspection still require human hands, eyes, and minds. A dull job that calls for intense attention. This is work ideally suited to industrial robots. >> [music] >> Building the necessary sensing ability into robots is being done at Stanford Research Institute International in California. This experimental machine vision system can act as the eyes of a parts manipulating industrial robot. First, a programmer shows each part from several directions to a TV camera linked to the robot's computer brain. The computer extracts and stores the major features of each part's shape. Later, presented with a part, the computer compares it with those in its memory until it recognizes it. Soon, this system may enable robots to identify, inspect, and [music] assemble parts into products automatically. Here, a similar machine vision system enables a robot to install a cover plate on a small engine. At top, a computer controlled movable table. The TV camera determines the proper position for the engine and bolt holes, then lines them up for the job. Meanwhile, the robot picks up a pneumatic wrench, gets a bolt from an automatic feeder, and starts the assembly. After each bolt goes in, camera and computer check that it's properly installed. Then line up the next bolt hole. Other built-in sensors check that the bolts are properly seated and tightened. Such sensory intelligence systems already show high efficiency and adaptability. Ideally, batch manufacturing robots should be able to do all kinds of assembly work, knowing how and when to apply each different skill, welding, drilling, fitting together. One robot control program designed to accomplish this is called hierarchical control, developed by the National Bureau of Standards. Hierarchical control involves breaking down a job into a hierarchy of tasks. Single motions which make up larger actions which lead to the basic goal. The robot is first taught the single motions or joint positions. Teaching the joint positions is tedious but will only have to be done once. Following this, the joint positions are linked into larger actions via the single control lever. Last, the final goal can be taught, such as go to position two and grasp. Given such an order, the robot's computer carries out the simple steps involved by itself. But always remember, the robot is just a machine. It cannot think nor deal with situations for which it has not been programmed. To help compensate for these limitations, the robot projects beams of infrared light. These allow it to detect an object, a process known as sensory feedback, as revealed by the oscilloscope pattern. In this demonstration, the robot has been taught to do block stacking, a task requiring a very short computer program. Now, we have this this robot connected up so it can talk. The computer which controls this robot is attached to another computer which controls a voice synthesizer which controls this loudspeaker and allows the robot to talk to you. So if you'll listen carefully, the robot will introduce himself and then he'll tell you what he's going to do. >> I am a robot. I have six joints. I will move them one at a time. >> Okay, that's one joint. He moves back and forth. Second joint, he moves up and down. Third joint, he reaches out there and grab you by the nose. The fourth joint, the fifth joint, and the sixth joint. Now I will move out of the coins at the same time. I will pick up these boxes from this table and tack them on the other table. >> Okay. Now, even if this box is a little bit out of line there, the robot will sense it and move over and find it. I have found the box now. I will pick it up. Okay, now that was pretty easy. Let's see what the robot does if we take the box away. Al together. Now it searches for the box along the only place it knows to look for a box, which is right along this line. >> Someone has taken the box. >> It didn't find it. We'll put the box back. And it finds it. >> I have found the box. Now I will pick it up. >> Now we can steal the box away while it's not looking and it'll notice. I thought I saw a box here. >> So, it goes back and looks some more. >> I have found a box. Now, I will pick it up. >> Now, the robot's been programmed to stack this box on top of the other so that if we move the other box, it looks for it and doesn't find it. I thought I put a box on this table. >> We look some more. >> I know I put a box here. Someone has taken it. Please put it back. >> Finds the other box, moves over it, and sets it down. >> I have finished. You may go now. Thank you for coming. Hierarchical control is one more step in robot evolution, allowing the machines to carry out almost any clearly defined manual job. Slow and dull robots may be, but they have only evolved for a few decades, their potentials have barely been tapped. >> [music] >> The Science Screen Report has been presented by South Carolina Electric and Gas Company, the company [music] that is providing for today's electric needs while planning ahead for the future. Oh yeah. Oh yeah. I would have loved that as a kid. Totally obsessed with robots and robotic voices and the promise. Little did I know that um AI [snorts] would come and ruin my day. Not necessarily ruin my day. I I use AI for certain things, but um there are certainly things that uh are making life more difficult because of AI. There's a lot of junk or slop out in the world that I'm competing with and a lot of people who are basically thinking that I am just posting AI stuff, that the films are not real, or that I've used AI to add scratches and dirt, which no, I'm [laughter] not going to waste time making a film look old when the film is old. I mean, it's really frustrating. Anyways, um here is another film, excuse me, that was made uh to talk about u the miracle of the patent office. This is Draftsman of Dreams. Enjoy. [music] In Washington DC, capital of the United States, there is a large granite building, little different from those nearby. But to this building, men bring their dreams. They store their hopes in this huge stone vault. For behind this pillared facade is the United States Patent Office. In these rows of leatherbound books are 2 million dreams drawn to scape. Here are the inventive ideas registered by America's patent system since 1790. Each year, these volumes have recorded new names. Names like Samuel Morse, Orville Wright, Alexander Graham Bell, like Gulmo Marone, Thomas Edison, Louis Pastur, and thousands of others less known but bright with the same inventive spark. Each of these volumes with its careful drawings, each of these old models painstakingly built, forms part of an overwhelming history of imagination and ingenuity. Yet each separate page is in itself a story. A story which always begins in hope, but may end many different ways. Often in disappointment, sometimes undreamed of success. In 1868, a writing machine called a typewriter was patented by a Milwaukee printer, Christopher Laam Scholes. There had been other inventors with similar ideas. But Scholes, after discarding some [music] 30 experimental machines, was the first to build a practical model for commercial manufacturing. By 1876, typewriters were used by court reporters, ministers, and authors. They were just beginning to appear in offices with another innovation, the female secretary. At first, people thought typewritten letters reflected on their ability to read, and they worried that the female mind would break down under office strain. But before long, the typewriter had proved indispensable, and women had won a permanent place in business. The first typewriter stood on a sewing machine stand with a foot pedal to operate the carriage return. Its keyboard looked almost like today's, but wrote only capital letters, and a blind carriage concealed mistakes. New models had separate sets of keys for capitals and small letters. Then came the shift key, visible writing, decimal tabs, margin stops. One feature after another, increasing the speed and efficiency of the typewriter and the business routine. Today, the perseverance of Christopher Scholes is applauded daily by constant cracking in every office building in the world. Inventive genius has no national boundaries. Great minds everywhere have always inspired each other. In 1887, George Eastman patented a camera. But the story of his invention begins in Paris over 40 years before where a French painter Du Jacqu dear perfected the Dger Titan. For years, men in many countries had experimented with sensitive surfaces with lenses and fixing solutions until in 1839, combining their research with his own, Dair gave the world its first unfading photograph. Posing for one of these new pictures was a long, uncomfortable performance, and there was no negative from which copies could be made. [music] Although an Englishman Henry Talbot made pictures from negatives the very same year, it was the Dgera type which preserved for posterity the faces of such famous men as Sher Border, Louie Paster in America, Susan B. Anthony, John Quincy Adams, Lola Montes sat for portraits before Daraype artists, but it remained for the American George Eastman to make photography possible for everyone. In 1888, Eastman replaced the clumsy collodian wet plate process with rolled film and the simple box camera. The first Eastman Kodak took circular photos and was loaded at the factory for 100 exposures. Now anyone could take a lifelike picture out in the street or on the porch steps. Father or mother could photograph the family right in their own backyard. In time, no outing was complete without the small black brownie. [music] With a camera, one or two seconds of each good time could be caught on film and brought home. [music] Today, photography has become a world hobby. The brownie has been joined by a bewildering assortment of cameras and camera attachments with which enthusiastic fans of every age pursue new and pleasing lens subject. Today, even a small child can use a camera, can make a picture with the click of a shutter. For every [music] major invention on record, there are thousands of odd and curious devices. Millions of part-time inventors spend countless hours on cherished projects like this cabinet [music] that collapses into a truck or this apparently useless saw. Ideas like these sailboat water shoes or this tear preventing onion feeder will more than likely be forgotten. This eternal match may never reach the market, and it's doubtful that many mothers would seriously consider putting their babies into this electric rocking trailer or this exerciser. But any genuinely useful contraption is certain to be snatched up quickly by gadget-minded Americans. Americans have a special love for gadgets and put them to work wherever they can. This built-in jack operated from the dashboard promises to become just as routine as horns, heaters, and windshield wipers. Once equally novel, [music] the farmer too is anxious for any new equipment which will help him to do more work in less time. The modern dairy [music] is sanitary and efficient. Milking machines, cream separators, pasteurizers, and coolers guarantee that fresh, pure products will reach the consumer. The American home is full of time and laborsaving appliances. A vacuum cleaner sucks [music] up dirt and dust. An electric stove makes cooking more pleasant and more precise. And once food is in the oven, there's no clock watching. This oven and range clock can be set to turn off the heat automatically as soon as dinner's ready. Inventions like the washing machine take the drudgery out of housework. They shorten the housewife's labor, add to her leisure, and the most unexpected service can be exacted [music] from modern mechanisms. A push button can be made to raise a Venetian blind or with the twist of a wall panel to serve lunch. [music] Lunch by push button is still somewhat advanced, but waiting time at [music] meals has been sliced down and cut away by a multitude of precision machines. Every day, machines like these lengthen hurried lunch hours for millions. Today, when a waitress with an armful of trays approaches the kitchen, an electric eye opens the door as if by magic. >> [music] >> Moving stairways are another triumph of modern ingenuity which has devised all sorts of ways to make life easy. Many useful inventions take part in American sports. Horses line up at the racetrack in an electric gate which guarantees an even start. Meanwhile, above the track, a camera is put in place to ensure a clear-cut finish. [music] The electric starting [music] gate and the racetrack camera enforce fair play. At the end of the race, there can be no dispute as to the winner. Many baseball [music] clubs use an automatic pitcher as a tireless training machine for big league batters. An automatic tennis partner is ideal for practice sessions. Even a toy dog runs today. As modern toys more and more seem miniatures of reality, the imaginative toy maker has given the child clever imitations of life scaled to his size. [music] [music] Some toys display considerable inventiveness. In fact, important inventions have sometimes been thought toys. In February 1878, Thomas Edison patented a speaking machine which he called a phongraph. 6 months before his experimental model reproduced the human voice for the first time and everywhere the lamb was. At first, many dismissed Edison's invention as another rasping little toy. But by 1910, the possibilities of this amazing machine began to be appreciated. The fragile tinfoil cylinder had been replaced with a wax disc, and the hand cranked by a spring motor wound only at intervals. For the first time, great artistry [music] could be preserved for future generations. The quality of recordings was still poor, but now world famous musicians could be heard in any living room. >> [music] >> Today, new methods of highfidelity recording ensure almost perfect reproduction of the world's memorable speeches and well-loved music. [music] Thomas Edison was to invent the electric light and the motion picture camera to receive 1,100 patents in all. In this electronic age, he remains a glowing symbol of inventive genius. Edison and men like him, combining vision with courage and insight with perseverance, have created our modern age. An age so complex that giant calculators behind mosaics of blinking lights are required to solve the staggering mathematical problems posed by science. [music] Our [music] modern world has been built by great architects of the imagination, experts in the impossible, who again and again have revised the boundaries of our vision. Men of creative genius everywhere work and will work to make this a challenging world of limitless possibilities. A dynamic world in which each step forward leads to another. A world of promise in which all mankind can reap an abundant harvest. [music] The far away look in the eyes of a small boy may be an idle daydream, but just perhaps the first adventurous flight of a young imagination. Here in the patent office are the dreams of such boys grown to men. Many years ago, a clerk in this office resigned his job, convinced that everything had been invented. Since that time, thousands of inventions have been recorded, and many have brought fame and fortune to their creators. Abraham Lincoln said, "The patent system added the fuel of interest to the fire of genius." Every day men bring their dreams to this building. Some of these dreams will come true for all of us. [music] Yeah. So that film was super uh vinegar shrunk. So it was basically doing like this on the as it was being scanned on the scanner. And so that's why occasionally you'd see the frame just the entire frame just go jump um because it was losing register registration. Anyways, fascinating. And yes, there was some footage, some stock footage in there that we've seen in other films. And I really love that pancake machine. Holy cow. When I go to a hotel that has like a a free breakfast or breakfast buffet and they have the little pancake machine, it does it it pales in comparison to how awesome that pancake machine is in the film. I would really love to find one of those. And um yes. Anyhow, okay, what do we got timewise? All right, this is going to run long, but um here we go. This is uh is it LA? Cradle of Man's Art. My friend, I took two years of French in high school and it all went out of my brain. So enjoy >> [music] [music] >> Where are you? [music] >> [music] [music] [music] [music] [music] [music] >> The valley of the Viza River is a tranquil, remote corner of France, not much disturbed by modern times. But to scientists who care about ancient man, it has been for the past century one of the most important places on Earth. For here have been found remarkable evidences of prehistoric man's existence. It was here that the comparatively new study of prehistory first came into prominence. In the valleys and along the ridges, man once hunted the wild animals which were the chief source of his food and clothing. The horse, deer, and cattle and other creatures long extinct. The Vizair River itself was important for it had in glacial times with its cutting action created the cliffs and rock shelters wherein men found their dwelling places. In the cliffs and under the rock shelters, man has been living for no one knows how many tens of thousands of years. And he left his records behind in many places. His bones, the bones of the animals which lived in the countryside with him, off which he fed and clothed himself and his family, along with the stone and bone implements with which he hunted and kept house. In the Vizair Valley today, modern men build houses in the same cliffs used as dwellings by ancient men. [music] At Leazee, in the cliffs where the first crowagman skeletons were found about 100 years ago, modern houses are built. And in medieval times, men cut holes in the soft limestone walls in which to live. At nearby Lamusier, ancient men deposited the records of their many tendencies piled as neatly as in filing cabinets. And when archaeologists excavated here, they could easily identify the successive layers of man-chipped stones mixed with the bones of animals, a vast refuge heap that men of different epics had left behind. The [music] chart tells the names which have been given to the different periods. Origation, Heragardian, mustister and Aulian. Children of the valley roam among the ancient sites, reclaiming the old crude tools that men long since disappeared to no one knows where left behind. The day that Marcel and Ravidar stumbled into the cave since called Lasco was an important day in the history of man and his art. For the paintings they found had been neatly sealed from human sight for thousands of years. The boys had come in through a hole in the roof of the cave caused by erosion of the hilltop. And though they searched for many days, they never located the original entrance, probably blocked off by some rockfall ages ago. They found walls covered with countless undecipherable lines. And on a ceiling the vague forms of horses and the antlers of a vanished deer. and paintings as fresh as though done yesterday. They saw where a natural formation of the cave wall had suggested the painting of a bull. And here were three small deer with a curious eyelike sign, possibly the magical eye of the hunter, ensuring success in the hunt. Nearby, they found this same symbol with other animals. In many places, they found other strange marks like the one in front of this bull's head. And in other places, series of dots like those under the stag's head. 14 maybe the number of hunters. And here a horse made mostly of dots and a galloping horse with magic arrows through it. Another symbol of the wish for hunting success. A Chinese-like horse pregnant as are all the female animals in the cave. A wish that the food supply continue. A strange unknown creature. A fine parade of ponies and a leaping cow like the cow jumping over the moon. A grid-like sign, perhaps a trap, perhaps a tribal sign. More horses and an ibeck. Over 500 animals were found in the cave. Here was a lavender horse with a plant or the symbol of a hand in front of him. A horse falls upside down into a crevice. Does this denote danger? Two bison, one losing his winter coat. They came upon a most remarkable horse. His body shaded to indicate a third dimension. His head turned and foreshortened, his ears shown in a natural way. This may be the first painting attempting modern perspective. Paintings on top of paintings done thousands of years apart. And on the walls, more symbols, crosses, and within the big black bull, a small red bull of an earlier period. An etched deer with an ear drawn in an interesting perspective down on the side of the head as Picasso might conceive it. A herd of deer seemed to be swimming. A remarkably subtle composition. And nearby, another startling composition of four heads on a ceiling. They found a faded horse of a very early type and a bison of the same period. And each had seven magic arrows through him. A horse with a long fanciful head. A horse within a horse. Another wish for reproduction of food. Perhaps a black cow facing right covers the head of an earlier yellow horse facing left. The cow stands on a painting that looks modern and abstract. What is this? A clan sign? A tribal banner? In a deep and inaccessible shaft off by itself, they found this group. A woolly rhinoceros, a man, the only human figure in the cave, apparently dead and with a bird's head nearby, a totemlike bird on a stick. A bison pierced through with a spear. His entrils coming out. of what ancient tragedy does this tell. The side of one of the largest sections of the cave was covered with huge black bulls, some of them 20t long. And worked in among them were other animals like these galloping ponies and this brown horse. Nowhere in the history of cave painting had animals so large as these ever been found. In the neck of a great bull was an exquisite little deer. All around the magnificent bulls standing strong and resolute as they had for thousands of years. What had the boy's dog led them into that fateful day in 1940? Scholars think it was a temple devoted to securing through magic an abundance of food in those remote times when man was solely a hunter before he had learned to raise crops or before he domesticated animals. When were these paintings [music] made? Scientists say the newest about 12,000 years ago and the oldest about 30,000. Here on the walls of Lasco in paintings, signs and dots are perhaps the beginning of man's religion, his writing, his mathematics and his art. Surely, it was a day filled with magic, too, that revealed to these two French boys such a deep glimpse into mankind's distant past. [music] So yeah, I mean, you know, there's something interesting historically about that. Um, the narration, uh, yeah, he's trying to capture the interest and of this discovery and trying to interpret what they see, but I'm sure there's lots of films like this. And also I wouldn't be surprised if this footage was shot for another documentary and they just repurposed it and uh recorded their own narration. Uh International Film Bureau would do that. Sometimes they would pull films from other countries and then re-record with permission uh English soundtracks. So thanks for watching today. I appreciate your eyeballs. Uh, and hey, if you're going to be in uh Whitesburg, Kentucky on Sunday, uh, I'm doing a show there. I'm showing uh when phones were dumb. And these are educational films about um, phones and how to use phones before there was a smartphone. So, I'll talk more about that as we get closer, but I'm I'm going to be next week I'm going to be consulting at Apple Shop, which is a archive that sustained severe flood damage, and kind of helping them try to get their um their in-house digitizing working because they lost all their grants about this time last year. So, um we're going to try to be grassroots and resourceful. Um, anyways, it's great seeing everybody. If you like what you saw, hit a thumbs up. You can donate via the superth thanks button or go to patreon.com or Venmo or buy us a coffee at kofi.coms. These are all great ways to support us. Thanks so much for your comments