AV Geeks 16mm Lunch 1-3-23

foreign hi everybody I'm skip Alzheimer welcome to the AV Geeks lunchtime streaming show where we watch old 16 millimeter films and uh that was a film by the German postal system and it was silent um and it might have been made during that period of national socialism in uh German history uh some of the films uh that I've gotten in that batch were definitely and they kind of show off uh some military stuff um but yeah at the very least it's an interesting look at uh uh postal workers in another country uh so let's see welcome back uh those of you who were away for the holidays um yesterday we showed Metropolis the entire film because it has fallen into the public domain and um it was a good old time so I think that's still online at YouTube Etc um one of the new things that we implemented in the new year was uh if you're on YouTube you can actually do a donation via a super thanks or there's a super sticker you can buy I don't know I'm I really have no experience with it except that I know that some people like it because it's built into the YouTube experience and you don't have to go to another site to do it um but at the very least hit the thumbs up you don't have to donate you can just say we like this and you can tell friends about it all right so behind me I have a uh film scanner and we have a film set up on it and this one's called stuff for Stuff and uh I don't know a whole lot about it so let's watch it enjoy [Music] all right prosperity and peace require both the old world and the new in full production and the Revival of two-way World Trade the nations of the world buying selling their Surplus Goods as stuffed stuff [Music] economics are supposedly very difficult to understand perhaps a quick look at history will be helpful the cavemen made pictures of the animals they hunted daily for food [Music] life was a constant struggle for survival in a world that had not harnessed the forces of nature [Music] ancient Egypt the dawn of civilization was recorded in the tombs of the Pharaohs early Egyptians made primitive tools and mastered sun and soil to grow their own food then one man with a plow produced food for Many Men this freedmen to specialize in other things each man concentrated on work he did best this meant more and better Goods men became interdependent and traded at home and abroad foreign trade made sense for each land offered Unique Products due to climate resources or skills so the Egyptians learned that the more abundantly they could produce Goods at home the more Surplus Goods they had to exchange for the goods of foreign lands and the greater their prosperity [Music] the drain of her wealth into temples and tombs finally weakened Egypt and paved the way for defeat in Wars but the principles of trade she developed in the Nile Valley lived on to be used by later peoples foreign s sailing into the unknown brought back tin and cinnamon opening the world further the Greeks and Romans added hemp silk spices and precious gems Spanish and Portuguese discovered oranges tea corn potatoes Rubber and chocolate the French and English introduced per sugar tobacco cotton and pineapples to World Trade so the profusion and variety of the produce of all lands was drawn into trade channels to be made available throughout the world [Music] and with the ever increasing tide of two-way trade the world was made truly interdependent [Music] then in Britain mechanical Power greatly increased production and enabled Britain to lead the world in a century of prosperity and peace Surplus goods were shipped as loans to Young undeveloped lands such as America machinery and other capital goods made it possible to develop the natural wealth of the land factories sprang up overnight [Music] Prosperity came to the new world as output mounted Goods that America produced were freely accepted by Britain in repayment for goods loan Britain established a great Trade Network that extended around the world to Canada Argentina the Orient Australia India Africa and the United States and as with the Egyptians the British knew that the more abundantly they could produce at home the more Surplus Goods they had to exchange for the goods of foreign lands and the greater their prosperity foreign then in 1914 in a bidful world domination the Kaiser's Imperial Germany struck at the existing order Nation after nation was drawn into battle All Peoples became grimly aware of their interdependence as the spreading conflict grew into the first World War [Music] at War's end with European ruins America replaced Britain as the world's great producer of goods [Music] American mass production brought about a huge increase in output this made it possible for the United States to send Europe the goods needed to rebuild her war-torn Industries and make them productive again but then both the old world and the new raised Traders Nations produce Surplus goods and opened their Gates wide to sell abroad but refused to accept goods from abroad in payment this stopping of two-way World Trade affected everyone for example American cars are made of raw materials from many lands canceled orders meant unemployed men in Detroit and unemployed in the country supplying the raw materials and likewise European products are made of raw materials from many lands again canceled orders meant men without jobs not just in Europe but men without job throughout the entire world [Music] gwent canceled orders meant idle men who bought less Goods this in turn canceled more orders and finally a worldwide depression drove embittered men to accept the New Order demanded by tyrants World War II with its Accent on air power leveled the cities of Europe after months of pounding then overnight away the war ended and a new era in Warfare began when a B-29 dropped a single atomic bomb [Music] in a flaming instant the bomb brought sudden death to nearly 100 000 people [Music] later a B-29 flew non-stop from Japan to Washington thus demonstrating to the world the frightful prospect that had the Axis powers been in possession of these weapons all civilization might well have been destroyed [Music] civilization will be destroyed in a final war unless undeveloped areas are made productive unless destroyed areas are rebuilt unless producing areas can ensure full employment unless trade barriers are removed [Music] the United Nations is establishing the necessary International machinery for helping the world to produce more and trade more that is why the United States Canada and other countries are shipping Goods to war damaged and undeveloped lands when the old world and the new are in full production when two-way World Trade is revived when Surplus goods are bought and sold as stuffed for Stuff then the nations of the world will see the dawn of a new era of prosperity and peace [Music] thank you foreign that has some interesting infographics in it I think that film was made in 1949 um I didn't expect it to have as much war footage in it but there you go also the idea of stuff the term stuff just doesn't seem like it's a 40s term it seems like it's a 70s or 60s turn I don't know but that's just me all right um let's learn about food and nutrition and now so what's interesting about this is an Encyclopedia Britannica film and it features our good old friend James brill but he doesn't say protein at some point from the time that he made the first film about nutrition he says protein but now he says protein so at some point in there it changed and he checked he instead of falling back to the same protein he probably still says reptiles but anyways here's food and nutrition enjoy foreign [Music] man is a living machine he requires a supply of food for energy growth and maintenance of the body organs a typical man usually eats daily carbohydrates about 600 grams fats 100 proteins 100 minerals five traces of vitamins and Water 2 000 grams during digestion the simple sugars are absorbed by the walls of the intestines here they pass into the bloodstream and the portal vein carries them to the liver aided by insulin and enzymes the liver converts soluble sugars into insoluble glycogen and stores it until needed by the body some sugar is also converted to glycogen in the various muscles of the body the fats digested in the intestines enter the lymphatics and pass through the main lymphatic duct into the jugular vein the blood carries the fats to all tissues some are stored in specialized fat cells represented here these are located in all parts of the body but they are particularly abundant under the skin stored fats are one form of Reserve energy Hogs may become fat from overeating fats excess carbohydrates and part of the excess protein may all be converted into fat people who follow their natural urges for food are likely to take in more food than the body can use the best ways to keep from getting fat are to decrease the food eaten and to increase the muscular work done working hard or for that matter merely living demands fuel the body's main fuel is sugar and as the sugar in the blood is used the liver converts its glycogen back to Sugar which enters the blood and goes to all the cells in the body to supply energy for additional work proteins and stored fats may also be drawn upon for energy but they are less readily mobilized than is the glycogen of the liver in the diet starches fats and proteins may be substituted one for the other to supply energy to obtain energy this fuel must be burned and this requires oxygen whether used slowly as by the white mouse in this jar or rapidly as by the candle in this when the candle and mouse have used up one-fifth of the volume which is the total oxygen in the air within the jars the flame of life goes out in both by measuring the amount of oxygen used by this man it is possible to determine the rate of organ activity as well as the amount of heat produced this container holds pure oxygen which the man breathes as the man breathes in the tank Falls as he exhales the tank Rises oxygen is inhaled directly from the tank exhaled air due to the one-way valve is forced back through soda lime which absorbs the carbon dioxide produced in the body and permits return of unused oxygen to the container absorption of carbon dioxide by lime can be demonstrated by exhaling through lime water insoluble calcium carbonate is formed this stylus records the amount of oxygen still remaining in the tank the low points are the ends of each inspiration we draw a line joining these low points from the slope of this line we compute the volume of oxygen used by this man in six minutes then we calculate what this volume would be under standard conditions of temperature and barometric pressure from the height and the weight of this man we determine his body surface warm-blooded animals when resting and blunt recently fed use oxygen at a rate directly proportional to the body surface therefore the basal metabolism is expressed in calories produced per square meter of body surface in 24 hours the same man is now doing work against a break The Stylist drops much faster than before indicating a more rapid consumption of oxygen performing the same calculations as before and we now find that the metabolic rate is almost four times as great as when he was at rest cattle assist Man by making readily available in the form of meats and dairy products the proteins which are manufactured by plants during digestion the proteins are broken down to amino acids here we see young cells growing in tissue culture essential building stones for their growth and for the repair of all cells are the amino acids from proteins no other food will substitute for them in this important function we shall feed one of these young rats a normal diet and the other a diet too low in protein note the difference in the rate of growth after five weeks the one on the low protein diet is stunted weak and diseased in the liver the amino acid molecules not used in growth and repair are split some parts may be changed into fats and move away to be stored in fat tissues or these parts may be changed into glycogen and stored in the liver for future use in either case ammonia is left most of this is converted into urea which is excreted by the kidneys besides carbohydrates fats and proteins the body needs at least a dozen different minerals for example inadequate calcium in the diet may lead to many defects especially of the teeth and bones insufficient iron may result in anemia that is too few red Corpus in the blood anemia may also be caused by insufficient vitamins and proteins in the diet anemia produces great weakness total elimination of inorganic salts from the diet as in the animal at the right results in extreme weakness and early death we also need in the diet very small amounts of many organic substances called vitamins the specific defects produced by lack of these vitamins are determined by giving to experimental animals diets adequate except for one of these vitamins if for example rats receive no vitamin A growth is [ __ ] and the eyes become infected a deficiency of vitamin B results in Disturbed nerve control as in the case of this pigeon insufficient vitamin D results in rickets or softening of the bones as in this child in the past hunger and appetite rather than understanding have been on the whole satisfactory guides to eating when the stomach is empty there occur in it waves of severe contractions which produce the sensation of hunger an urge fixed by heredity appetite however appears to be the memory of pleasant experiences with food it is aroused by the site of food which stimulates the optic nerves the odor of food which stimulates the olfactory nerves and the presence of food in the mouth which stimulates the taste nerves during a meal these impulses pass to the brain which relays them to the walls of the stomach causing relaxation of the stomach and eventually stops both hunger and appetite when all men have understanding of adequate diets and also have means to secure them then hunger and appetite will guide the people of tomorrow to a healthier life not only more years but more years of happiness in achievement hey uh thank you Stuart for donating via YouTube and uh thank you William for some coffee he donated via ko-fi.com AV Geeks um both of those are great gifts uh because you know we need coffee and we're also looking to do a big re-canning project where we're going to get rid of The Rusted cans that we have uh that are seizing up and becoming airtight and increasing the vinegar problem uh and replacing them with plastic archival cans so that's going to be uh a big project we're going to work on uh this month uh let's see I have another film set up on the scanner and it is called Stitchery tuturium adding it to the title and it is let's watch it enjoy [Music] [Laughter] thank you thank you [Music] thank you [Music] Stitchery is the art of decorating cloth [Music] when cloth is decorated with yarn and thread it is called embroidery [Music] embroidery can be like drawing because with yarn you can draw lines and shapes [Music] and fill them in [Music] [Music] heavy lines of yarn can be stitched to the surface of a fabric thank you [Music] thank you [Music] thank you thank you knotting the yarn is a way of making small spots of bright color [Music] laughs [Music] [Applause] [Music] with these simple embroidery stitches you can create a variety of patterns and textures laughs [Music] [Music] thank you [Music] foreign [Music] texture gives embroidery its special quality it comes from the Yarns you use the stitches you use and the way you arrange them on the background [Music] foreign [Music] is a type of Stitchery in which yarn is sewn to a special canvas backing the needlepoint Stitch is very regular and it fills the canvas backing completely foreign [Music] hahaha [Music] foreign [Music] which designs are created from pieces of cloth [Music] in applique cutout shapes are sewn to a cloth background foreign [Music] foreign applique is combined with embroidery [Music] the cloth shapes can be varied by cutting into them foreign [Music] laughs [Music] these simple materials yarn thread and cloth offer many new experiences in color and Design [Music] some uh That Wonderful soundtrack it's it's very soothing um it's kind of like Bob Ross watching Bob Ross do arts and crafts um uh and more recently I've been watching on YouTube uh before I go to bed I've been watching this channel that's just udon Japanese restaurants where it's very little dialogue it's mostly just people preparing udon food and there's just something oh just love it man ah okay anyways what do I got set up for you um too long that's too long oh yeah speaking of arts and crafts we'll just watch this uh uh yeah this is uh clay hands and fire and uh I just found this recently and it has a wonderful shot of a um projector so enjoy [Music] shall I pour yes please do isn't this a new service rather oh it's lovely apart from being spoed it has another particular significance for me [Music] they're very pattern I saw being made while I was visiting Stoke on Trent how interesting quite a revelation going through one of those great potteries I should imagine so do tell us about it I can do even better than just telling you I can show you exactly what I saw myself why you took motion picture exactly and in about two seconds we'll have them on the screen I don't think many of us realize the years of skill and the labor that go into the making of fine wear so for a permanent record I took this film as I went through the Spode works what you are seeing now is the birthplace of present-day China and earthenware the potteries in Staffordshire and in the center of this district is the town of stoke on Trent where Josiah Spode established his company in 1770. part of spode's Fame was due to his Perfection of the underglazing graving process which made it possible for us to have the thousands of patterns we now see in modern dinnerware two descendants of spode's first partner of the present owners and active heads of the company today Ronald and Gretchen Copeland they were kind enough to arrange for us to have a personally conducted tour of the works and pointed out many of the technical details that are generally unknown to the public we started in the yards where the crew players stored does it all come from Staffordshire no none of the local Clay is suitable for such fine wear as Spode though clay from Staffordshire has been used for rough Pottery since the time of the Romans China clay and China Stone come from Cornwall ball Clay is brought from Devonshire [Music] it's analyzed for Quality before it's accepted and then it's left to weather and mature for five to ten years after that it starts on its long and interesting Journey from Potter's mixture to fine dinnerware [Music] they break the crude Clays into small pieces and in carefully weighed proportions they are mixed with water then it is beaten and whipped whipped until the particles of play are so fine that they can actually be suspended in the water when the consistency of the mixture has been carefully checked by weighing this creamy white liquid is further refined at this stage of the process the mixture is known as slip after it has gone through these agitators [Music] it passes through a series of sieves each finer than the one before and the last so fine that even ordinary face powder won't pass through it the fan of the sieve the finer the wear then it's allowed to trickle over a series of electromagnets magnets for making earthenware well you see if any iron were left in the clay it would cause black spots on the finished wear this liquid Clay is only used for making certain cast pieces but most types of clay wear need clay that is plastic and doughy so the water is squeezed out of it that thin mixture we saw being made is pumped with high pressure into folds of fine mesh cloth after 24 hours the water has seeped out and the residue is Clay that's stiff as putty these men are getting ready for the pug mill yeah foreign like an overgrown food chopper but its chief purpose is to cut and squeeze the clay until there isn't the slightest chance of air bubbles remaining in it looks like metal when it comes out doesn't it yet it's actually about the consistency of butter but it's still not ready for use from the pug mill it goes into sellers to mature for at least another 10 days before it's put into the hands of the Potter these chaps are really known as throwers they take a shapeless lump of clay spin it on the potter's wheel and well see it take shape for yourself [Music] is all of the earth and we're made that way no no just the pieces of regular shape now you'll notice that this fellow only finishes the inside of that piece the finishing of the outside is the work of the turnip [Music] take this fellow for example he's working on an egg cup turning it on a leaf [Music] Heavens that clay must be as strong as wood it seems that way doesn't it the way those shavings come off incidentally the better the wear the more it weighs because the particles of clay are so firmly packed together well that's a nation to me make the test yourself sometime you'll find that Spode for example is much heavier than ordinary Earth and wear [Music] here's a curious Relic it's an old footpower lathe the can't use before The Machine age of course none of them are used today in this comparatively simple operation of plate making a lump of clay is flattened out on a revolving table then just like dough that has been rolled out for pie crust it's laid over a plaster of Paris mold which forms the top surface of the plate while a profile shapes the back [Music] but digital platter making requires more skill than any other phase of parting except for preparing the seed of clay and using a plaster Paris mold every operation is done by hand [Music] I was told that no mechanical means has ever been found to equal the quality that comes from the handwork of the old craftsman he gives it just the right shape and even thickness remember this painstaking hand operation next time you compare the prices of platters and plates [Music] the cup maker [Music] this is what they call Jolly why I don't know probably Old English at any rate it's the process used for making cups balls and similar shapes then come the handles he's taking his first step toward becoming a master partner carrying on the tradition of generations before [Music] a bit of clay thinned with water is the adhesive dip them in stick them on wipe them off and after the cup has been fired the handle and Joint are one and the same piece looks simple but it takes a practiced eye and steady hand plus plenty of experience to do this simple job perfectly [Music] articles like this teapot and covered dishes sugar bowls gravy boats and such are often made by casting first this fellow fills the mold with slip that thin liquid clay the plaster Paris soaks up the water a layer of clay is formed on the sides of the mold after a few minutes this becomes the thickness of the finished piece and the rest of the slip is poured out but it's still not dry enough to be removed before the following day [Music] then the straining holes are punched in foreign [Music] and finally the spout and handle are mounted on delicate little operations that call for sure touch and master craftsmanship what do they use to use the same liquid clay that we saw being made originally no other adhesive is used [Music] um a site that intrigued me was to see the girls carrying the wear into what they call the greenhouse where the green or unfired Ware is left to dry for a day it looks terribly precarious to me yet it's almost unheard of for them to drop one of those loads when the wearer comes from the greenhouse it's carefully packed in saggers is that another Old English term it's a Corruption of Safeguard and that's precisely what those Spode dishes need to protect them from the Flames of the oven foreign fires and then have to be replaced old Burton The Saga maker is the fifth generation of his family who have made sagas for spoon and many other workers are descendants of men who work for sport when he started his business the greenware is impact in Flint sand to keep the pieces apart the first firing takes two days at temperatures that would completely burn up Steel but this terrific heat turns fine clay into hard durable wear thousands of patterns that are used on Spode are under the guardianship of Thomas Hassell art director of The Works [Music] old patterns that have come down since the founding of the company are still used and like The Originals the new Engravings of them are tooled by hand for simple dinner Service as many as 30 or 40 individual Engravings are required [Music] I was interested to see that the handling of these Engravings is as much a work of art as the making of a fine etching plate cup or Bowl requires a separate engraving or print carefully surfaced with a special color [Music] foreign [Music] press on wet tissue [Music] worthy of being framed isn't it those old Spode patterns are true masterpieces of Engraving the printed tissues then go to these girls who definitely transfer them out of the wear incidentally the wear at this stage is called biscuit unglazed and still porous so that when the tough paper with its impression of the engraving is rubbed strenuously the color of the moist ink will be absorbed by the wear then when the tissue is washed off an imperishable pattern is left on the wear is ever designed printed no only one color is ever printed any additional colors are painted in by hand [Music] thank you here's Mrs Priestly for instance she's 82 now has worked for Spode all her life a simple outline of the figure was first transformed onto the unglazed biscuit way then she Paints in all the colors by hand it's only when the Ware has an entire pattern of a single color that no additional painting is required and here's Mrs Turner painting a Toby joke she and Mrs Priestley are supervisors of groups of artists the skill and delicacy of this hand coloring is really wonderful to see [Music] imagine doing what this woman is doing with only her eye to guide her she paints a lion on a source boat just the right width just the right place and never a slip foreign [Music] [Music] s that have been used in the colors are dried out in revolving electric Kilns here's a mechanical process that's that's the most modern thing of its type while Spode holds to the conviction that nothing can replace the fine craftsmanship of human hands whenever anything mechanical can be improved upon they they are quick to do it after the drying the wear is ready for the glaze I hope it is covering up all that beautiful I know what you see there is a mixture of finely powdered glass and water the Dipper as this fellow is called spreads it evenly over the entire surface of each piece shells take the wear through a heated chamber that dries out all the water in the liquid glass leaving a surface that looks like like talcum powder foreign [Music] this time to melt the powdered glass and transform it into heavy glaze which protects the wear and richens the colors in the pattern [Music] clay hands and fire the quality of each determines the quality of the finished wear and here it is with every color glowing brilliantly through the rich heavy glaze [Music] [Music] down to the very last inspection was a tradition of fine craftsmanship in the making of This famous Ware [Music] a tradition that has survived from one generation to another in people all of them Craftsmen artists and men and women whose pride in their work is reflected in the beauty and enduring quality of their product which we enjoy so unthinkingly every day yet it is that pride of craftsmanship which makes one proud to be the possessor of where as fine as spoon I realize that now a teacup never again will it be just a people [Music] that was really awesome uh for a couple of reasons uh one it's it's never just a teacup uh two I don't even know how you would spell that tissue um but then also at the beginning it's like not only can I show tell you I can show you I filmed it and he you know they clear the tea set and then they set a projector on the uh tea table coffee table and uh then supposedly we see the process that uh he has filmed um and the process is fascinating uh I I feel like this is probably pre-World War II in the UK and so um yeah that woman in her 90s that was still working there that's like oh wow that's amazing and it's like oh wait is she still have to work because she's under 90s or does she work because she wants to work um that's something I always my brain always goes there but uh fascinating um thank you uh Richard for the uh coffee uh and thanks you guys in general for tuning in um I'm happy to be back in 2023 we're gonna strive to show more films live that we've pulled and scanned that will give you more kind of premieres of things uh and it'll be more surprises like I don't know I don't know what this is um but uh join us again tomorrow on Wednesday and we'll watch some more films in the meantime uh hit the like button or the Thumbs Up Button those are great ways to support us even if you don't want to sling some cash our way just showing that your support uh is is enough um please rewind and love each other and we will see you tomorrow everybody take care bye