AV Geeks 16mm Lunch 1-19-23

foreign hi everybody I'm skip Alzheimer welcome to the AV Geeks lunchtime streaming show where we watch old 16 millimeter films and we learned things um that's the one thing I kind of keep forgetting to mention is like oh we're learning things as we watch these films now that's stuff that was maybe general knowledge in the 30s or accepted knowledge in the 30s and we are already 90 years later so the personal hygiene for women that information has changed and how we talk about women's bodies uh has changed I'm sure um but uh yeah you know I love storing showing stuff like that because you get a sense of like well who's telling the story who's the one that's explaining about uh women's hygiene it's it's men or who are doing this and it's it can be very different uh when women start talking about it and we start seeing that in the 60s late 60s and 70s we start seeing Women's Health being talked about uh by women women experts um so fascinating stuff uh let's uh watch and learn about children from Switzerland enjoy mountains rise on every hand in the little country of Switzerland Railways to villages in the Swiss Alps toil up long and steep inclines while higher still Lewis never melt heavy Banks of cloud Mist cling to the Mountainside as the car nears the end of its longs to this little Alpine Village the car brings many visitors for Switzerland is known the world over as an attractive vacation land new arrivals are always welcome for many of the people of the village make a living supplying the needs of the tourists here on a fence along the main village Street a Swiss boy and girl have stopped to watch the newcomers as they pass along followed by carts bringing their baggage from the station Trudy Negley is the girl's name her brother's name is Hans the Negley children often linger in the village when they come in to buy supplies especially during the summer when there is no school today on their way home they stop in front of the shop of a village woodcarver among the many carvings is a figure of William Tell the famous Swiss hero there are carvings of cattle too cattle so important to the people of this mountainous little country and now Hanson Trudy decide to go inside the store they always like to see the odd little clocks cuckoo clocks of all shapes and sizes but the clocks remind them that they must hurry home it will soon be time for lunch near the Negley home grandfather is working spreading the freshly cut grass to dry in the warm sunshine he asks how many visitors have arrived enough about the same as usual grandfather children are excited grandfather has told them that tomorrow they're going to the upper pasture where father and brother Hellman are tending the cows and making cheese they are going to make the trip far up the Mountainside where the village cows are taken to graze this is a journey which the children are always eager to make picnic Rohan yeah having tended the fire in the stove mother begins preparing for the trip from the smoke room upstairs she selects a slab of bacon father and Hermann will need fresh supplies of food 12 o'clock [Music] the radio brings them music from the outside world while they eat their lunch of soup milk bread and the cheese for which the Swiss people are famous thank you high above the Negley home are the pastures of thick tender grass where the village cows are taken to graze in the summertime here in the high Alps father Negley like other Swiss herdsmen tends the cows which help provide a living for Village families every day after milking father takes the milk to the mountain hut where he makes it into cheese Hermann the older brother of Hans and Trudy helps his father with the work today he is harvesting hay which will be stored for the cows to eat during the winter in front of the mountain hut where they spend the summer father nagaly scours the copper cheese Kettle until it is clean and shiny cheese making is an important part of the summer work in the upper pastures the large quantities of fresh milk would soon become sour but cheese made from the milk will keep fresh a long time [Applause] into the milk as it Heats over the fire father places a thermometer from time to time when the milk is just hot enough he adds a liquid which causes it to curdle yeah the Kurds become thicker and thicker as father continues the stirring finally forming a soft cheese then father nagaly puts this into a mold to press it he squeezes out the liquid part which is called whey and the cheese becomes more solid day in and day out cheese like this is made in the mountains of Switzerland much of the cheese is finally sold to people in Far Away lands early in the morning mother and Hans and Trudy are ready for their long climb from the village to the upper pasture they pack up the supplies which father and Hermann will be glad to receive grandfather is too old to climb so he stays at home many years ago when he was young and active grandfather enjoyed mountain climbing even as Hans and Trudy do know up they go past the family vegetable garden up The Path lined with flowers which leads to the summer pasture high above on the slopes other villagers are harvesting hay they will use it to feed their cows in winter as soon as the hay is cut and has dried in the warm sunshine it is raked into piles this hay is important hay means winter food for the cows and cows help to support the village The Climb is steadily upward already The Village has been left Far Below but the journey is a long one often The Climb is very steep through banks of delicate Alpine flowers parts of the journey lead through cool Pine Groves although the trees grow tall and stately here at a short distance higher up the slopes will stretch upward to the high mountain tops where it is too cold for trees to grow now arrest is both welcome and wise a breathing spell while Seated on the soft grass for there is even steeper climbing ahead Trudy asks how much longer they must climb elongate about an hour mother says and now Trudy's climbing shoes feel heavier than ever half teeth while mother and the children rest they view the snow-capped peaks of the Alps which tower all around them some of them are over two miles high it is time to continue the journey as mother has said they must climb for another long hour before they reach the upper pasture where father and Hermann are working even here on the higher slopes the hay Harvest goes on still nearer the top of the slope father and Hermann continue their round of work they cannot go far away from the cattle they have brought to the summer pasture and so they may not return to the Village again until the winter snows are close at hand winter snows that will completely cover their mountain hut that is why the visits of mother and the children are so welcome their arrival means not only a pleasant family reunion but also fresh supplies of food for father and Hermann father is very glad to see the newspaper too or even here in his high mountain hut he follows the news of the world and now for a meal together near the hut Airman enjoys mother's fresh bread the cheese is good too Trudy is thirsty after the long climb and Hans has his usual good appetite there is plenty of fresh milk to drink and plenty of bread and cheese the Negley family are glad to be together again here in the summer pastures amid the silent mountains with their glistening snows and drifting clouds it is peaceful high in the rugged mountains of Switzerland and James Brill the narrator who has his own set of pronunciation for different things and it sounds like he said Alpin was I wrong about that Alpine and visit tators visit tours yeah his enunciation is is so great um and very much of a Time 30s 40s 50s uh-oh somebody's microwaving something all right so behind me I have a film set up on the scanner I can't so I have a sandwich in this hand so I can't really Point correctly um it's a film that I showed three years ago almost but um I want to scan it at higher quality so we're gonna watch it so this is all together featuring Lou Rawls enjoy [Music] foreign [Music] oh that's beautiful you hit the books kept your nose clean graduated from high school so you'd rate a good job all right stack them up take them down push them round that's a good job today a good job for a guy with your abilities there's a job in electronics nuclear power Communications aircraft mechanics computer technology radar even sonar all you need is some special training if you have what it takes the Navy can be your open door to a great future listen to me man I'm Lou Rawls you have the smarts to get your high school diploma so you stand a good chance of passing the Navy's Entrance Test they aren't that tough if you apply yourself and instead of pushing crates around you could be an electronic school like these brothers of course everybody has to go through boot camp [Applause] checked in we're on that Top Line in the space marked name print your last name first name and middle initial and you get threaded out and your schooling starts right here good morning man [Music] this morning I'm gonna give you an election of course you have to get the old bod in shape you know what I mean and you learn to swim yeah swim man you dig nobody's going to shove you in the pool and let you sink I mean they will teach you how to handle yourself in the water you know now you may not make it to the Olympics but hey man you will be able to stay on top side of the water you know what I mean also at boot camp you'll take a few more tests to find out what you do best if it's Electronics you might be sent to a school like this one at Great Lakes Illinois if mechanics is your thing you could go to aircraft mechanic school like this one in Memphis Tennessee now back at Great Lakes they call this a steam generator lab here you'll learn how to turn steam into power Communications look what the Navy has for you impact the Navy has over 70 vocational training schools that could be open to you and don't forget you're getting paid all the time you understand what happens after your specialized training the fleet has a good job you've been looking for now you're working as an electronic specialist with all the responsibility and respect you deserve are you working those cool Navy debts aboard a carrier Communications are essential as I said the Navy has over 70 areas that require good well-trained people you could be one of those people and think of the value of this training in civilian life I'm petty officer second class Donald Christian I've been in 80 10 years and I've been on four ships as it stands now I'm the senior Barber aboard this ship and I'm also the minority representative I can some equal opportunity up as such but the young black that comes in the Navy today he has to have a good educational background he has to have an initiative goal he has to have self-discipline and he surely has to have self-motivation with this combination a young black in today's Navy can achieve any particular goal he so desire don't let anyone tell you that you'll be put on board a ship and left there for months and months you'll be stopping off at exotic ports famous historic cities all over the world and there's something else too you don't have to go alone the Navy has what they call the buddy system where you and a friend from home can join the Navy together and that's a gas so think it over how long have you been on that machine brother two years three years are you beginning to feel like you'll be there forever you know you're really quite a guy man you did well in your math and science courses in high school and after that the trade school was easy because you know you have some accountable know-how but you soon found out they're doing the same thing day after day is a trash why don't you go into something like nuclear field I mean it man you might be just a guy the neighbors looking for in this new could feel programming it's all right here's what it's all about the boot camp in a short-tered sea you start going to school I just saying going to school is like saying the ocean is wet right isn't that schooling you'll get is about two years and the best training the Navy can provide fifteen to twenty thousand dollars worth of training man that's a lot of dope your first schooling will be in electronics or Communications or c-going engineering your basic nuclear power schooling will be at land-based nuclear power plants you'll take some breaks now and then short stretches of sea Duty and you can even take lead between school terms when you complete this training you'll be ready to join the Navy's modern nuclear Fleet the Navy's nuclear field program is no snap they are brothers just like yourself doing it you could do it too man do you ever get the feeling you're going to be in a Steno pool the rest of your life why don't you get into something that is interesting important and a challenge like computers photojournalism dental technology lithography air control or one of more than 30 different fields of Navy office oh this is yours in the new Navy and you will receive the same pay as a man doing the same job and get the same Advantage as a man it may sound a little scary and unfamiliar to you now specialty schools will take care of that they lay it all out for you it isn't a case of passing or flunking on your own the instructors are there to help you over any hang up they work with you because they want to see you make it after completion you may go on to Advanced Training or into interesting work as an air-controlled Tower operator or link trainer instructor or photographer or wherever your Specialty's point you know your duties may take you all across the United States or to England Italy Hawaii or other choice overseas locations remember what I said earlier pay that's equal to a man's advancement equal to a man's hey man holding wait a minute got a job to get to huh then study all night classes tomorrow then work again if that's too much of a hassle eggs got to be another way those two guys you just passed back there the ones in the Navy uniforms for their freshmen just like you as a matter of fact one of them plans to major in political science just like you the other fellows going into engineering but they've got an edge something else going for them they're both in the naval Reserve Officers Training Corps they're free to choose their own Majors from a selected list and the Navy picks up most of the tab that's what I mean you know they pick up the biggest part of the bread and the Navy pays for their tuition fees books uniforms and then gives them a hundred dollars a month to put in a slide beside you understand they attend some classes in the naval signs of each week and they go on a six-week Cruise in the summer that's a guess that's a great cruise and it gives them a chance to stop off at some interesting ports she had something in addition to their regular College work but you know what one midshipman said it gives you something that other students can't get they aren't going to graduate for almost four years but they already have jobs they don't knock themselves out just meeting expenses and when they graduate they'll be commissioned incidents in the United States Navy or they might be second lieutenants in the Marine Corps I'm not telling you the nrotc takes everybody that knocks on that door but if you have what it takes the Navy recruiter is the man to get you straight foreign student huh you got a future ahead of you you join a big Law Firm then there are the years of doing leg work for the more senior lawyers and handling briefs in the back room then if you prove out you can carry some other lawyers briefcases around well there's a law firm that will give you valuable courtroom experience almost immediately if you're ready the name of the firm the U.S Navy in the Navy Jag Corps you will go to work as a practicing attorney and that means at work in a courtroom you understand my name is Trevor G Bryan I'm a member of the Judge Advocate General core United States Navy this is probably the only area where you can start off as a young lawyer handling your own cases and get the wide variety of experience that I've had uh one of the things I will say again as regards being a black lawyer in the Navy is that requests are coming in from all over almost all over the world actually Philippines anywhere for black lawyers to represent black clients and uh it's a very serious matter and I think that an individual who is reform minded who is interested in the problems and issues that face military people who is this interested in a challenging legal issues and challenging trial practice could find much in terms of experience much to grow on in in the practice of Navy law if you haven't completed your degree the Navy has programs that will enable you to finish law school the Navy recruiter has all the answers so if you're a graduating law student or have some law school left and you have what it takes the Navy has a practice for you you don't know where it is all around the world next month you step up and get your big fat diploma beautiful the next step is a big job you may not believe this but the Navy has been waiting for you to graduate yeah you listen you know the Navy has something special for you a chance to be a Navy officer and that's more than just a job it's responsibility at the management level is decision making leadership personal participation it's rewarding too you know satisfying it can happen all over the world you could be working in public affairs or meteorology on information and education counseling Communications data processing Personnel Supply Administration whatever your talent suggests actually it doesn't matter what you studied in college whether it was music or mathematics the important thing is that you have what it takes to get an education that means you have what it takes to become a naval officer um the Navy provides every spacious living quarters but the trend is now to cut out and find your own apartment you know girls still like the privacy of their own pad you know and a place to entertain their friends as a naval officer candidate you'll get your indoctrination training here at the Newport Rhode Island base and you'll be going to school with the men officer candidates as a matter of fact except for some of the engineering courses in PT all the classes are now co-ed you dig most of the courses will be Navy studies along with science math and Leadership and yes you will go on a Navy shoe on completion you will be commissioned an instant in the U.S Navy Reserve congratulations again and the lady for the Capital Ale you understand you've already done the hard part almost completed college now step on up to the Navy hey brother would you like to fly that's right flying Navy Navy air is something else and the men who do it are a special breed in all the world only have two thousand men of mass in Disguise from the deck of a ship it all starts right here in Pensacola Florida the Annapolis of the air here at Naval Aviation schools command you'll get from basic indoctrination [Applause] yeah okay then instructions in aviation science what fan physical training the Navy doesn't need dead heroes you know what I mean so they teach you how to stay alive on land and in Sea you get dunked muddy cooked and chilled you'll find that when you're hungry enough common weeds taste like soul food you dig and keep you going you'll survive which is the idea of the whole thing you know what I mean and you'll graduate with a commission of incident in the Navy about here you begin to specialize in the special type of aircraft maybe you're a jet man foreign [Music] whatever you go on to intensive training and you come out with wings on your chest you understand you join the elite now you are no longer just someone you are someone special but maybe you take a different tag and train to become a naval flight officer an ad crew member who I've raced a complex electronic systems of the aircraft early Warning Systems Operations electronic countermeasures tactical Data Systems anti-submarine tactical coordination bombing and in navigation or radar intercept and that's a whole lot that Navy flight training is really special my name is Fred Boone and hired null I completed Navy Flight Training some years ago and I know it to be the best in the world not only do I know it to be the best in the world but most Airlines know it to be the best in the world too just six weeks after I was discharged I had a job with one of the best companies here in America and the main reason I was hired I tell you was because I was trained by the Navy Navy Flight Training also prepares you for many other fields in addition to the one I'm interested in that It prepares you for anything you want to do in life not only the Technical Training you get it's the sheer confidence that it builds in you it gives you a sense of Pride that will let you do it just about anything that you choose to do with your life but maybe flying isn't your thing okay I understand you still like to move into the irresponsible decision-making leadership position and immediately right in civilian employment you might be a trainee for a long time Navy officers candidate school is for men who want to move immediately toward responsibility responsibility of a division officer aboard ship that picture there on the wall is of Jesse L Brown he was the Navy's first black Naval aviator and the ship that we're on is named after him and that represents the Navy first there are quite a few firsts in the Navy these days I've been around for about 16 years now and I've seen quite a few important changes occur in the Navy I think that from my own point of view most of the changes have been positive but I think what we were talking about is uh the kind of improvement that is important to a black man and that is the fact that if you are capable and if you are able to get a job done that you can do it in this man's Navy today the kind of thing I'm talking about is a God is willing to get down with the program that if he knows what he wants to do or is willing to let somebody offer something to him that he can do then all he has to do is have the initiative and the willingness to get with it the opportunity exists the responsibility of taking charge of the work the welfare the advancement of 10 to 50 men you might be in operations where you'd be responsible for communications navigation and tactical operation of the ship you could work in the executive department become a staff officer an oceanographer civil engineer meteorologist specialists in Naval intelligence your salary even as a junior Navy officer is competitive with civilian employment and when it comes use of Officers Club and Navy Exchange tours Airline discounts and Medical Care all this and you earned 30 days paid annual vacation you can expect promotions and pay Boost on a fairly regular basis you get an addition regular pay increase due to time and service if excitement Adventure travel responsibility and advancement appeals to you talk it over now go see your Navy Recruiting officer the Navy's been waiting for you to graduate both of you the whole world's been waiting too well that's it it's what's happening in the new Navy it's opportunity advancement good pay equality and a lot of things that count the new Navy is together all together and another thing when you see that brother Associated Recruiting Office do me a thing with them tell them to do it all send you have you had to know [Music] hey so great I mean by the way I'm eating lasagna for those of you who are keeping score my friend from New York long time friend Andrea who was on the show she made lasagna for me because my light lasagna and there was a board game that was made about my Pursuits for lasagna so there you go um anyway so I showed this film with a a professor at NC State a black professor who served in the Navy exactly during when this film was made and he said the opportunities there were certainly better than the other Armed Forces but they still weren't great he said it was a lot of issues uh and still a lot of racism so it was striving towards something but it it didn't get there for a while and hopefully it got there but I don't know we'll see uh let's see what do we got set up um yeah I apologize for all the weird trolling behavior that shows up in the Bots but I think it's it's what happens when we get successful is that it starts to get on the radar of folks who are just interested in just string strain some crap uh uh what else oh yeah so here's a weird anecdote before I show the next film um yesterday I was doing some work to try to figure out how to remove a music soundtrack from dialogue for stock footage job because the music as we know has their own rights even if a film is in public domain the music might cause problems so um I was watching a video on it on YouTube Excuse me sorry my goodness pepper um anyways so I kind of close the browser and was doing some more work and then suddenly I started hearing NFL uh football theme music it's like what's going on and it was on this one Mac and I was like huh and then I heard another one and I heard another one and I like had closed all the browsers I closed everything I relaunched uh the the finder is on a Mac and it was still playing and the only thing I was running was like uh Da Vinci resolve and an Adobe Media encoder so it just kept running until I basically rebooted the computer so it was haunted by NFL uh football themes um one was my intern identified it as a fox and one was I think CBS but there you go weird stuff haunted computers by NFL themes uh all right um I know a lot of you are asking but what is ecology really enjoy it's the Deep Green Forest is a vast complex Web of Life by observing the plants and animals of the forest we can learn about ecology ecology is the study of the relationships among plants and animals and the environment in which they live our study of ecology will include several biomes the forest the harsh dried desert the shoreline where Land and Sea meet and the city land dominated by man biomes are the great communities of living things that occupy major portions of the Earth the deciduous forest biome is dominated by trees that usually shed their leaves in autumn in every biome food chains exist by studying these food chains we can determine the pathways by which energy flows through the biome food chains begin with sunlight when green plants change the solar energy to chemical energy these plants produce food from carbon dioxide and water by a process called photosynthesis thus green plants are called producers because they provide food for all other organisms in the biomes at the next level of the food chain we find primary consumers animals which directly utilize the food energy produced by plants in the deciduous forest biome deer are one example of a primary consumer consumers that eat only plants are called herbivores insects are among the most numerous primary consumers they may be found by the hundreds of millions in any Forest these primary consumers are preyed upon by animals at the next level of the food chain carnivores or meat-eating animals toads and other carnivores are secondary consumers consumers at the next highest level of the food chain animals which hunt and kill other animals for food are called predators the predator-prey relationship is one of the most common interactions between animals the food chain doesn't stop here there are other carnivores at higher levels this relationship between predator and prey between animals higher in the food chain eating animals at lower levels is a fundamental relationship among living creatures in any biome the hawk is at the top of this food chain no animals prey on it a food chain may be drawn as a pyramid energy flows from the base to the top of the pyramid at each level some energy is lost and there are progressively fewer individuals dead material is broken down by decomposers usually bacteria and fungi in this way organic matter is returned to the Earth scavengers are animals which feed on dead animals which they themselves have not killed among scavengers there may be competition for food scavengers form a special link in the biome in any given biome many food chains may exist food chains such as this are common to most biomes on Earth this Pond is a separate environment or habitat within the deciduous forest biome as in other habitats of the forest the creatures living here have complex interrelationships many of these animals are in the pond habitat only part-time they spend most of their lives in other parts of the forest the pond is part of the forest biome and is strongly influenced by the forest for instance the thickness of the overhead tree canopy determines how much sunlight reaches the pond and thus affects plant and animal light found here in the pond habitat there are also producers and consumers that form a food chain foreign plants may be eaten by animals that live in or near the pond however at the base of the Pond's food pyramid are the microscopic producers called phytoplankton in the pond water algae multiply rapidly taking their energy from sunlight falling on the pond algae are very simple microscopic green plants decomposers are found in the Palm too bacteria which feed on dead material algae and bacteria are in turn eaten by protozoa simple microscopic animals that live in water habitats some protozoa are primary consumers others are predators here an amoeba consumes a paramecium fish Prey Upon organisms which have eaten the protozoa thus adding another link to the food chain parasites May feed on the fish a parasite is an organism that feeds in or upon another organism which is called The Host the host is generally injured by the parasite and may in time die from the injury this Pond will not always be here dead material will accumulate on the bottom and as more plants grow their Roots will hold sediments washed from the surrounding Forest the Palm gets smaller and someday will be dry land like the rest of the forest biome this process is called succession succession can be seen very clearly at a beach at the water's edge the beach is Sandy and exposed a wave action no plant life grows here farther Inland conditions are less severe and decaying material adds organic matter to the sand here plants begin to grow and anchor the sand dunes Beach grasses and various kinds of shrubs organic matter from dead plants turns the sand into Rich humus the small trees such as willows and cottonwoods appear only a forest begins to grow as Oaks and hickories take hold succession is change change from one kind of plant and animal community to another [Music] the desert is another type of biome it's a harsh environment but a complex Web of Life exists here too moisture comes to this arid biome only from a few winter snows occasional rain showers and Dew sometimes precipitation comes too fast and hard the dry Earth can't absorb it all and flash floods race across the land eroding the soil and tearing up plant life but the moisture brings life to you cacti flower and produce fruit which becomes food for desert animals desert plants show adaptations for survival in this dry environment cactus plants have long root systems close to the ground surface in order to soak up as much moisture as possible they have spines instead of leaves reducing moisture loss and providing protection Ocotillo plants grow leaves only after it rains or snows when dry conditions return these leaves will drop off so the plant conserves moisture animals obtain their water from the plants they eat or from Dew In the Heat of the day most animals rest in the shade only a few are active hunting for food the Setting Sun brings cooler temperatures daytime animals withdraw to rest and other animals begin to stir nighttime animals begin to feed where only a few hours before daytime animals were active in another biome the rocky Shore lack of moisture is certainly not a problem the ecological relationships of this biome are governed by water action waves constantly pounding against the rocks and Tides washing over the shore every day life is rugged for the animals living here however Shorebirds find the environment to their liking there are plenty of marine animals to feed on foreign there may be fierce competition for space the best places to eat sleep mate and raise young [Applause] in any ecosystem living things constantly absorb transfer and circulate energy here too there is a cycle of life and death with dead plants and animals returning materials to the environment by observing interactions among living things ecologists can gauge a biomes health we can think of the earth as one huge biome or ecosystem which can be divided into spheres the lithosphere or crust the hydrosphere or water and the atmosphere or air the biosphere takes in all three it is the thin fragile Zone where all life exists on Earth the activities of human beings have a tremendous impact on the biosphere many of these activities are damaging we have built giant crowded cities which have obliterated entire communities of Life great islands of concrete steel and glass of replaced soil green plants and animals we can think of cities and there's suburbs as a kind of biome an urban ecosystem where relationships are determined by the changes human beings have made in the environment certain kinds of animals thrive in the urban ecosystem simply because they are scavengers able to feed on the waste products of our cities an urban ecosystem generates enormous amounts of waste which is a food supply for large numbers of scavengers producers green plants are largely absent from an urban ecosystem where concrete has replaced soil even so the natural world has not been forgotten on this wall artists have painted pictures of endangered animal species animals whose continued existence is threatened by human activities the message is clear we can't continue to destroy life in the biosphere some people try to bring a part of the natural world into this Urban ecosystem a rooftop garden brings green plants back into the man-made biome of the city the primary producers for the urban ecosystem are found outside the city in agricultural ecosystems like the urban ecosystem Farms are man-made and man Alters the relationships among animals plants and soil for his own needs instead of a great variety of green plant producers Farms have a very limited number of plant species which are used as food by humans and their domestic animals the agricultural ecosystems can't exist without careful attention from humans and in such a simplified ecosystem huge inputs of dangerous chemicals unnecessary [Applause] new methods of controlling pests are now being introduced apples are one of the most important fruit crops in the United States but large numbers of insects attack apples so vast quantities of pesticides are used on them ecologists believe it's possible to control some of these harmful insects by introducing beneficial insects that will prey on them one of these insect pests is the larva of the colon moth which lives in and spoils apples a species of wasp from Afghanistan is a predator of the Colin moth attempts are being made to establish the wasp in California and in other parts of the world where apples are grown the WASP doesn't pray directly upon the Colin moth instead the female lays eggs in the Cocoon where the larva of the moth is dormant when the egg hatches the wasp larva feeds on The larva of the colon moths thus killing it as in a natural ecosystem the parasite controls the population of the host this wasp is laying her eggs in specially built nests containing Colin moth cocoons in the pupil or resting stage the Wasps are gathered and attached to sheets of paper each piece of paper contains several thousand wasps Pupi the WASP Pupi are shipped to Orchards all over the world this is an example of biological control applying the knowledge we gain from ecology applied ecology depends entirely on our knowledge of living things and the environment these students are studying Canada Goose populations the Ecology of a biome the communities within it and the ways animals interact must be studied in the field because ecosystems are Dynamic alive they can't be dismantled and taken into the laboratory each goose is banded with a tag and the date and location are recorded if the tag is later recovered scientists May learn something about the bird's feeding habits movements and even the kinds of problems it Encounters in the environment we need knowledge like this for many reasons not just to help the geese survive but more importantly to learn what must be done so that we may survive that's the essence of ecology keeping the ecosystem we call the Earth alive and well [Laughter] [Applause] [Music] all right um yeah he had a the narrator had a very similar uh sound to another EB narrator um whose name I'm suddenly forgetting uh he did Levi's ad men jean jeans narrator what was his name yeah this is what I'm gonna do is we're gonna stream live Ken Nordeen Ken Nordeen Ken nordeen's voice has shown up a couple of times but that seemed like Brian pevin seemed like our peven seemed like he was a from the Ken Nordeen School um thanks for joining us today very much appreciate it um we'll be back again tomorrow Friday I'm hoping that we're gonna have something really interesting and special I don't know we're gonna we have to transfer it on another machine it's an eight millimeter film and we're gonna see how it looks like I don't know I have no idea what what it's going to look like but hopefully and in spite of that I mean we've got what 36 000 films which we need to show you so we'll just keep doing it and we've only seen um 10 we've only seen 3 600 films on this show so we got a long way to go um 10 10 more years what how long did it take we might have to show two films at the same time just to get through it but uh I appreciate you tuning in if you like what you saw you can hit the little super thanks button if you're on YouTube and there's a little dollar bill you click it and you can thank us with money or you can thank us with a like or a thumbs up or you can get notifications or subscriptions uh the other thing you can do is buy us coffee at Ko Dash fi uh Slash AV Geeks or go to patreon.com avgeeks um those are ways to give us money so we can buy things like more lasagna or um white tape to tape down things or hard drives or uh shelving units or other things those are all great ways to help us and support us but just you showing up and and uh commenting I very much appreciate that I like showing uh this to a bunch of people um that's what I used to do back in the day before we had fast internet is basically call people over on a Sunday would pull a bunch of films and watch them so you guys are contributing to that a new version virtually so thank you for that um Everybody Take Care in case you forget I love films um and we will see you tomorrow on Friday take care everybody bye