AV Geeks 16mm Lunch 1-13-23

foreign all right so this keeps going um this was a film that I got with a batch of educational films from I believe it was Tarboro schools and so there was some footage of uh Elizabeth City uh and someone who was obviously well to do in that town and um so this is the second reel of footage that had uh it was written on the can home movie footage cats uh and so we saw some cats kind of show up I think we saw a little bit of Raleigh visiting Raleigh uh as well um but yeah a variety of different types of footage in there there was some Kodachrome that was beautiful there was me ansco Chrome which was not so great um Eastman color all over the map so really fascinating stuff there uh we're gonna go ahead and get started with a film that we have on the film scanner behind us this is a part of a series uh called Jackson junior high which has a really I don't know I thought it was a toe tapping song but um I think it got voted down in previous years but uh here we go enjoy this is Jackson junior high Barbara Murray enjoy [Music] Jackson Jackson [Music] about alcohol [Music] something's going on something good [Music] hey you dropped your books thank you very much [Applause] um I'm Barbara Murray you're a substitute teacher for the week um Miss Gunther's sick foreign [Applause] this is your alcohol project week isn't it yeah I saw some of the posters in the hallway and Miss Gunther called me on the telephone and told me a little bit about it um but I wasn't here when you started so maybe you could bring me up today yeah well Mark and I were having an argument about alcohol he says drinking's bad for you but if it's so bad how come it's not illegal oh there's no way they could illegalize it oh look look they tried prohibition once before and it didn't work so there's just no way they can illegalize it foreign just one at a time so we can hear what you have to say well does anyone have anything to say yes alcohol is a drug who needs drugs yeah but isn't it right that all the important people in the world practically drink even the president drinks just to be sociable so what is really wrong with it my parents drink they're not drunks or anything I mean they can control it yeah so no Wingstop they don't know when to control it that's right she's right it's just a few people give alcohol a bad name and they're the ones we have to worry about what about you do you drink yeah [Music] yeah no I I don't want come on this is it you like it all right hey play something a little louder I'm a little more path [Music] I don't think I want to come on well um oh whether or not I drink it's really relevant to the project oh come on that's not fair I I'd really like to tell you but uh there's so much work to cover we really better get going here um maybe if we would move on to the next step in the project Oh you mean the history of alcohol um foreign [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] in the beginning along with the birds and the bees and the flowers and the trees they were naturally sweet grapes a fruit when this fruit we know is grapes combined with yeast and then combined with the heat of the Sun the natural grape sugar underwent a chemical transformation right [Music] wow that's terrific what do you call this stuff man called it wow yo why how do you make it okay you want to be like that I'll find out for myself [Music] I'd better write that down I wonder if fish would work as well as a bunch of grapes fish fermentation yeah so man tried wheat and barley wheat barley who said that never mind I think I'll try it now that's beer beer what a great name glad I thought of it I'd better write that down thing I think I've had enough man discovered beverage alcohol and found that drinking was a pleasant social experience [Music] foreign [Music] [Music] [Music] that's it now I'll call it Whiskey no no schnapps maybe I'll just call it a day Ludwig this is the last straw [Applause] people just don't drink because that's how they think [Music] look I am but Hebrews like their wine Italians too Germans drink their beer washed like the African stuffing in China then Japan rice wine was always [Music] it's up to you to pick and choose it's up to you to pick and choose depending on who you are you know I I've really done it now my first teaching assignment has got to be alcohol I feel so hypocritical teaching those kids about drinking when I don't drink myself come on Barbara there must be something that you like to drink I like milk and soda if you want to know the truth I bet I could find something that you'd really like I don't like the taste of it I don't like to drink and that's all cut it out will you yeah thank you thank you sir Barb there's so many varieties of taste coffee banana liqueurs creamed them in if you wanted to drink you could find something you'd really like you don't like to drink then there has to be another reason find out what that reason is and you'll know a lot more about yourself and why you feel like you do about drinking oh that's funny what is it oh that's just what we're talking about in the class right now why people feel the way they do about drinking I stay once stereotypes say the Abundant drinks and gets drunk and lays on the street corner a little scrawny guy with glasses who has a big fat white flies pecking on him and all drinks to forget well the big businessmen that go out and drink down their lunch let's take a look at some of these kinds of people you mean like real tough guy drinkers [Music] give me some room yet first there's the two sister drinker [Music] in television they always make drinking less So Glamorous [Music] that's right the sophisticated drinker cut was that all right my high school friends believe that drinking a lot of drinking made you more romantic the fact is that if you drink a lot you often make a poor love and that a lot of liquor actually makes you less romantic well yeah but what about my folks they drink and it's not because of any of those reasons [Music] what about you where do you think do you drink or don't you oh now wait a minute you know now wait a second look I've got an idea why don't we find out where we all fit in what do you mean I mean as part of your alcohol project why people do what don't drink everyday people hey I'm gonna ask a cop that'll be a neat idea this big shot would be great yeah they drink all the time that's the sense hey how about an Italian restaurant down in DC I think it's a lot of wine there all the time all right so you think um being Italian has anything to do with your drinking habit oh yes yes it's a long tradition of drinking wine now I don't know I'll probably go back to the Roman time well the Jewish people use one to introduce Joy's occasion one is a Joy's beverage well why do you drink well I enjoy drinking it helps me relax and the chicken that I now do is basically wine and beer and usually it has to do with a meal actually the alcohol does not fit into the Baptist fate in terms of its ceremonials always doctrines Baptists believe in total abstinence in order not to even introduce the taste of alcohol in the communion element we use grape juice normally it's beer maybe a couple of beers with guys after work and wine with dinner well Becky I'm a Mormon and I've been asked that question a lot of times and there are many many reasons why I don't use alcohol alcohol destroying Mass capability to react to govern his own mind his body is a very great sin in my estimate uh why do I drink I drink because I like it really difficult [Music] no you're not going to get drunk on just one beer but through the teeth and over the gums and look how Tommy here it comes come on no no your mom and dad I this sounds silly but was there anything in my background and the way I was brought up that makes me feel the way I do about alcohol well never meant that much to me so we never served any in the house no why well I used to have a drink or two when we went out uh on a special occasion but when I saw that I made your mom uncomfortable it just didn't mean that much to me and we never had alcohol in the house so we never had any alcohol in the house it's never really exposed to it and you never developed a taste for it of course well I guess that's the way it was but we never did tell you that you could or couldn't if you wanted it just never came up and it was not that important hey Barbara we're sorry honey if we've done something wrong mother it's not a question of right or wrong I I just want to know when I began to feel the way I did about drinking so I'll understand myself better well good cold drink soft drink anyone so now you know I really don't like to drink and the pressure's on me you know I really don't have anything against drinking what just tell your friends you don't like to drink but how's she gonna do that I mean all her friends would think she's just a square and you know when do I have to come to all the parties and things well who needs friends like that she should do what she wants yeah but yeah but what if she really likes those friends and likes being around them it'd be silly for her just to stop being around honest people just because they drink a little what but she doesn't like to drink and they're pressuring her well what are you gonna do miss Murray [Applause] no Tapper I gotta say um the intro we've uh like years ago I think well a couple years ago we did the a thing to see if people thought that was a good toe Tapper and most people didn't but uh that middle thing with the dinosaurs singing about uh the history of alcohol uh I I think we can edit that down into something that's pretty great um and you know this series is actually pretty level-headed when it comes to talking about alcohol in society um and I'm now now that I found this one new thing uh I think this this makes four films that we have from the Jackson Junior High series and now I'm eager to find more in the series and show them too because maybe there'll be more songs in the meantime this is a film about capitalism I think it's a Coronet or maybe it's Encyclopedia Britannica I don't know the title is clipped off so uh the library that had the film shot their own title this is so enjoy capitalism number two there has to be a legal basis for any economic system to operate well it's easy to see that with the dictator or planning board tells people what jobs they may hold and what good they may produce and it's not a system of government ownership let me tell you about something it shows that the basis of the capitalistic system is private property it happened when Eleanor and I went down to get the things for the class Weenie Roast we went to Mr Brown's store well that's what I mean Mr Brown really owns property all those store fixtures and the groceries in there and well the whole store it's his property and he can do almost anything with it that he likes we needed weenies Mr Brown had weenies it's as simple as that spices anyway Eleanor did but after all he has a right to earn something for the goods and services he supplies and he does Supply Services as well as Goods when we agreed to buy everything from him weenies buns marshmallows and charcoal he agreed to give us extra service deliver everything in his truck and since we didn't have enough cars he agreed to mid-trip and take a lot of the kids out to the picnic and he could help us that way because the truck is his private property and he can do just about anything with it that he wants that's how a capitalistic system operates the people own property and use it to provide the goods and services that all of us need that's what I mean about government Mr Brown's very right to own property is guaranteed by our constitution yes but will bills miss the whole point to what happened at Mr Brown store Mr Brown his property all right but that's not what he's interested in and he does help Supply us with things we want but that's not why he's in business he's in business to make money there's the basis of the capitalistic system the profit motive he may give service when he has to to make a profit well when I complain that his prices were too high he could see those profits going right out the window if we didn't buy from him so naturally he offered to help us out with his truck so he could make a sale and the profit and just think of all the others who made a profit on those weenies cattle Growers Meat Packers shippers Distributors they're all in business to make profit of course they make a profit and it's a good thing that's the incentive that makes capitalism work to give us more of the things that we need that's the incentive that other economic systems lack I think you've both missed the point it's competition that's why Mr Brown offered his truck he wanted to make sure you buy from him and not from a competitor and why was he free to make that offer freedom of contract you and Mr Brown entered into a contract an agreement you agreed to buy what you needed from him he agreed to let you use the truck in the same way he got the Wings by entering into a contract with the wholesaler and he caught the truck by entering into a contract with someone else under a capitalistic system you're free to make almost any kind of a contract with anyone freedom of contract competition profit motive private property and what do they all add up to free enterprise well that's what capitalism is a system of free enterprise will now tell us what free enterprise means all right it means that you can go into business wherever and however you please anybody can go into any business any legal business that is but I still say you can't leave government out of the discussion government must at least guarantee the right of private property and freedom of contract in order please everybody we're on the air in a few seconds good afternoon this is Ray Bennett acting as moderator for the Western High School radio forum our topic today what is capitalism we hear capitalism capitalistic system on every hand on the radio in newspapers magazines books and lectures and daily conversation but just what is capitalism to start our Forum we will present a few candid interviews recorded remarks of Representative citizens of our town who were asked for their opinions about our capitalistic system capitalism well why should there be any question about it hasn't it given us the highest standard of living in the world we don't have free enterprise just bureaucratic red tape the government ought to keep its hands off business freedom of contract don't know about that we've got the union and seniority I make a living I should worry where's all this competition we've heard so much about you call these prices low well perhaps the regular salary would be more secure but I'm glad I can work for myself with capitalism you you take your choice it seems that capitalism means different things to different people what's here now from our town Treasurer Mr John Howard we say we live in a capitalistic Society what does that mean well we can point to certain fundamental ideas which we say are part of a capitalistic system for example private property individuals or corporations May own land natural resources buildings of all kinds machinery and equipment for the production of goods facilities for the track amps in a capitalistic system these are usually private property another idea fundamental to capitalism is the profit motive for the sake of profit we cultivate the land we build great factories to produce Goods we sell for profit the goods thus produced we transport over large distances still for the sake of profit those who have savings often invest or lend them hoping for a share of profit and in so doing help to build the industrial might of the nation some other ideas are basic to capitalism competition freedom of contract free enterprise what do they mean could these rights exist without laws that Define and protect them do just these few things make up a capitalistic system or should something more be said perhaps your Forum will have some of the answers there is more to be said Mr Howard a great deal more that's why we're holding this forum now it's up to you listen discuss this is your forum what is capitalism foreign [Music] Capital of Nepal few westerners have ever seen this ancient city where Buddhist and Hindu gods but now Nepal is to be the launching site for an historic first try at Conquering the Giant from the south the grueling Journey continues for three weeks and each day the setting up of a temporary Camp is a signal for the natives to gather [Music] [Applause] they're curious about these strangers who are willing to risk their lives simply to climb a mountain as for the strangers their big concern at the moment is the local cooking [Music] payday it's time to settle accounts with a 300 and some odd Porters from Kathmandu and to send them home from this point on the climbers will proceed alone accompanied only by 22 Sherpas the fame Nepalese Mountaineers and also by the prayers of those remaining behind under the brow of Everest two and a half miles below the summit of base camp is established from here up Daily Progress will be measured in feet and a series of additional camps will have to be set up if the climbers are to get close enough for a final assault [Music] [Applause] the approach to Everest lies through a steep Frozen Cascade known as the ice fall where millions of tons of ice are constantly on the Move shifting and splitting apart without warning a huge crevasse blocks the way an obstacle that forced a previous expedition to turn back [Music] swinging across won't work the solution is to go down and then climb up the opposite side [Music] [Applause] the precarious Bridgehead is strengthened and man and Equipment come across the vital chain of Supply camps can move forward [Music] [Applause] Believe It or Not things have been relatively easy so far but now the way is open for the real struggle to begin the next step is to is to climb the face of lotsea the giant neighbor of Everest the lotsy face soars above Camp 5 ending in a ridge that leads directly to the summit of Everest a ridge named the South call can it be reached the lotsy face is 4 000 feet high Steep and treacherous and in this rarefied atmosphere even the smallest movement is beginning to call for tremendous effort [Applause] [Music] while the critical lotzi attempt is underway there is little for the others to do but wait watch and make plans for the final assault of the knife-like ridge to the summit five and a half miles high [Music] [Applause] [Music] the South call has been reached there's no time to lose at any moment the monsoon will come bringing 100 mile winds and paralyzing cold and making an approach almost impossible oh the precious oxygen bottles are checked the failure of this life-giving equipment would spell disaster for any attempt on the summit the first stages of the monsoon are beginning it is now or never for the final assault [Music] slowly the climbers Advance toward the top of the world can mere man overcome the Relentless forces of nature can they endure the bitter coal that Sears and penetrates even through many layers of clothing can they contend with altitude that Robs a man of energy and willpower and makes him move in a slow-motion dream can they bear the blinding wind that pushes a man back no matter how desperately he wants to go forward [Music] a monsoon is in full force and the crushing wind sweeping down the South Ridge creates a barrier that cannot be passed Point even superhuman will is not enough [Applause] 28 000 feet high the highest man have ever reached until this moment but still not high enough the Summit is 900 feet away [Applause] time and oxygen have run out and so has human strength even though the goal is in sight to go farther is to die they must turn back the gallon Swiss attempt of 1952 has failed but the key to Everest has been found and one day tensing the sherpa and Edmund Hillary the New Zealander will stand Victorious on the Windswept roof of the world [Music] um yeah oh I wonder if I had my mic on this whole time sorry about that I apologize um anyways yeah that was a castle film but I think that that was licensed from uh something else they used that footage they didn't send people to uh camera people to Mount Everest they licensed it so let's see what do we got um yeah it's Friday the 13th I I just kind of realized dawn on me um this film is again it's the titles clip but this is uh science and superstition uh we just scanned uh the second edition of this but there was no soundtrack to it so we're gonna watch the first edition um enjoy wow that's a rabbit's foot who he says the catcher but Alan seems to believe the rabbit's foot will bring in good luck well George the catcher thinks it's just a superstition well we'll soon see strike three you're out it looked like the rabbit's foot didn't help much time anyway but even the end of the playground period didn't end the argument between George and Alan they took the rabbit's foot up again with Miss Carr their teacher George says I told him it was no good a rabbit's foot is just a silly old superstition but Alan wouldn't give up it is not it's a fact says alum this sort of thing could have gone on forever if Miss Carr hadn't decided to discuss this matter of superstitions and facts with the whole class what is the Superstition anyway and what is a fact are all superstitions true or are just some of them true are any superstitions really true and what about facts this car decided to start with the rabbit's foot idea now George tells me he thinks this is a superstition who thinks she can tell me a fact or something he believes is a fact yes Alan well last week when we talked about glass you said it was a non-conductor of the electricity I think that said isn't it uh we did talk about that and we can add that to our list now who else can give me another statement something he calls a superstition yes Marion well there's a superstition about the groundhog if he sees his shadow when he comes out in the spring there'll be six weeks more of cold weather yeah that is a fairly common saying now we have two more statements to write this car had no trouble getting a lot of statements to add to her lists and by the next morning she had arranged the statements in a chart on the Blackboard the class had mentioned eight items in all and from these they had chosen six statements for class discussion first there were the original rabbit's foot idea a rabbit's foot brings good luck next was an example of a fact glass is a non-conductor of electricity then if the groundhog sees his shadow on the 2nd of February there will be six more weeks of cold weather this car asked George to hand out individual record sheets so everyone could study all the statements very thoughtfully somebody had suggested the statement a pint of milk weighs more than a pint of cream then there was the idea that hot water will freeze quicker than cold water and last on the list was water expands when it freezes this car asked everyone to think about each statement and to check off each one on the list this would give each pupil a record showing I believe that statement I do not believe this one I'm doubtful about this and so on very quickly everyone completed the list of the six statements the class had chosen and now Miss Clark would add up with the whole class thought about each statement from the rabbit's foot idea clear on down the line to the end these are the opinions of the whole class now that we've recorded our opinion I think we should investigate to find out whether or not our opinions are based on good reasons first how about a rabbit's foot we're carrying one bring good luck it seems to me there's one way to find out Alan yes Miss Carr would you hand out these rabbit's feet to 10 students who would volunteer to carry them for a week now this is the first step in our experiment yes this will be an actual scientific experiment to find out if carrying a rabbit's foot will bring good luck to the 10 volunteers like many experiments this one will extend over a period of time Miss Carr wrote The Experiment on the board then George listed the students who will not carry rabbit's feet and Alan listed those who will carry them for a whole week at the end of the week each student will report what happened meanwhile Marion wrote on the board the names of her group their job will be to look up weather reports to find out if the groundhog seeing his shadow really governs the weather they'll report next week too but some of the statements do not take so much time to investigate we can test this statement right away glass is a non-conductor of electricity first Alan and Larry test their batteries and circus it's all right the bulb lights up and if a metal rod is put in the circuit it lights again so we know that metal is a conductor of electricity but what about glass nothing happens no light now do you believe that glass is a non-conductor of electricity there's no doubt about it now because our experiment proved that statement to be a fact while Allen put away the electricity experiment things this car recorded the result now the students were basing these new opinions on evidence experiments and reasoning it wasn't just guesswork anymore a week later Marion and her group were ready with their report on the groundhog statement and while Marion was copying her records this Carr called for individual reports on the rabbit's foot experiment Allen was first I was one of the tend to carry a rabbit's foot found a quarter left called that good luck Carrie won and on Wednesday I won the school poster contest and then Thursday I got the pretty low Mark in history I guess that's good luck and bad luck I did carry a rabbit's foot the only unusual thing that happened was that we must could be called good luck or a bad one by one all the pupils reported and what had happened to them during the week and they finally agreed that carrying a rabbit's foot doesn't really affect the daily events of their lives so their experiment proved the first statement to be just a superstition Marion would you like to give the report for your group now well we said the United States weather report for the last 10 years for our state then we organized our material and this is a good job of research for every Groundhog Day or February 2nd the weather was listed if it was fair the groundhog would have seen his shadow and if it was cloudy he couldn't have seen his shadow but Shadow or not the temperature never varied more than two degrees from normal the groundhog had nothing to do with Spring weather when we seek to answer our questions by observation and research and experimentation as we have been doing we are using the scientific method the scientific method is our most valuable weapon in the search for truth modern man uses the scientific method in research to help him base his opinions on facts for everything he can observe he tries to discover the natural cause in the search for truth scientists have invented apparatus to observe things that mankind never saw before in learning the truth about a rabbit's foot is a good luck charm we use the scientific method and right on down the list the use of the scientific method gave us the truth now why not use what we have learned to discover the truth about the last three statements does the pint of milk weigh more than a pint of cream try it at home for yourself here's another will hot water freeze quicker than cold water try it yourself don't be satisfied with just anybody's guess does water really expand when it freezes try this experiment yourself it's simple do you believe this is the right answer well it was Alan with his rabbit's foot who started us off on the search for and out of us he learned the scientific method and so did we how many believe this is the best way to try to understand the world we live in [Music] I love it um again this is a film that I want to find a full copy to kind of figure out how this kind of happened and how this argument probably stopped the lessons lesson plans for a week it's like all right hold on we're not going to learn about uh Evolution we're going to learn about this um yeah so and also I'm gonna try to find the soundtrack to the uh second edition of this which was made I believe in the 70s uh and is equally as interesting uh let's see what we got uh I have some long films which are not really great but um I don't know uh yeah the timing of things I was going to show another film on the scanner but uh it turned out that it needed a lot of prep work before I could do that so we're gonna pass on that do I have anything that would be of interest that I have not already shown the problem is you have to when I have too many films kind of crazy did I show this film I think I did hmm how long is this I know you're loving me sitting here just kind of figuring out no that's not good it's a bad bad file uh all right uh so we're gonna watch this and we're gonna call it a day let's learn about some joint legged anthropods arthropods enjoy the group of animals which has the largest number species is the phylum arthropa arthropods include over three quarters of all the million or more known species of animals multiples of the five major classes of our threads the centipedes the millipedes the arachnids which include mostly spiders and the largest class of all the insects arthropods are the most successful of all animal fighting that is they occupy the greatest variety of habitats with the greatest number of species what are the reasons for this success story to help answer this question let us begin with the Crustaceans and use this crayfish as our first example the most striking thing about it is that the body is enclosed in a hard chitinous covering or exoskeleton it is jointed to allow movement there are advantages to this jointed armor it provides protection while allowing for motion but it also has some drawbacks the exoskeleton is dead excreted material but does not grow like the rest of the body as the animal outgrows its hard covering it sheds it from time in a process called molting during molting the animal is helpless and vulnerable to attack first the skin separates from the exoskeleton and finally the soft animal withdraws from its shell then it secretes a new and slightly larger covering which gradually hardens if damage is done to an appendage of a lobster's body as in this conflict the Animal by itself is likely to sever that appendage between molds the creature will probably regenerate the Lost appendage so that eventually a wholly new claw will appear another feature of the body is segmentation each body segment typically Bears a pair of jointed chitinous appendages these appendages are highly specialized the first pair is the eyes two pairs of antennas function as sensory organs then there are the mouth Parts adapted for eating next come the large crushing claws then the walking legs the action of the legs moves the gills back and forth creating a current of water here we have removed a part of the see the gills as blood through the gills oxygen is absorbed carbon dioxide eliminated in this crayfish we have removed par dorsal exoskeleton over the heart so we can see it pumping the blood crayfish reproduce from eggs after the eggs are laid they are carried about on the female's abdominal appendages the eggs hatch into tiny crayfish eventually these leave the mother and continue a separate existence if they are able to escape enemies certain lobsters are almost identical to crayfish in body structure but like many other Crustaceans that live in the sea their eggs hatch into tiny larvas with three pairs of legs that feed and grow and eventually change through a series of molds into tiny lobsters crabs have a foreshortened but laterally expanded body structure most crabs live in salt water but there are a few fresh water and land species this is a fairy shrimp A Primitive type of crustacean its appendages are less specialized than those of the lobster or crayfish the fairy shrimp reminds the scientists of an extinct primitive crustacean the trilobite because its appendages are unspecialized this fossil trilobite has been extinct for 500 million years another kind of crustacean includes the water fleas such as daphnia and copepods there are aquatic and land for all have bees that are finned to bottom conscious representing of crustaceans the amphipods are side to side what appear to be jawlands these assist centipedes in their carnivorous feeding habits the bite of this large centipede is dangerous here is a creature that suggests an interesting problem it looks something like a centipede but isn't one it is called a periputus most zoologists do not consider it to be an arthropod at all in that it does not have a chitinous exoskeleton or a jointed chitinus appendages as the Arthropods do assembles the arthropods in several details such as Tiny chitinous claws at the ends of its feet like neary's it might belong to the next lower phylum the segmented wormot puer Perez fits on the tree of our life helps us undifferent as the earthworm and the lobster are related tons of the body actually the abdominal segments are fused in pairs so the general rule of one pair of appendages per segment still applies the arachnids as a class include the spiders scorpions mites ticks harvestmen the king crab of the sea and others the spiders are the largest and most familiar group of arachnids they are easily distinguished from insects by the fact that the spider body has only two main regions while insects have three the spider has four pairs of legs insects have three pairs spiders lack feelers or antennas they depend for their sense of touch upon sensitive bristles scattered over the body and appendages unlike insects spiders have pairs of tiny simple eyes the usual number is four pairs the spider's web is almost unique among animal adaptations for capturing prey strands of the web are secreted by special glands at the rear of the animal's body once the prey is entangled the spider May attack at its leisure the animal injects a poison from its fangs into its prey it pours digestive fluid from the mouth into the wound made by the bite and sucks up the liquefied tissues of the prey not all spiders use a web as a means of securing food the trapdoor spider uses a different kind of device it hides under the door and captures passing prey specialization is the key to arthropod's success for it allows different members of the phylum to adapt to almost any situation the grasshopper is a member of the largest most varied and most successful class of arthropods the insects the name insect refers to the fact that the body is divided into regions three in all though insects follow almost every possible way of life each insect manifests the same basic arthropod plan a body and appendages enclosed in the jointed chitinus armor usually though not in all orders there are two pairs of wings Wings carry insects over physical barriers and out of the reach of most enemies particularly well developed are the sensory appendages of the head the antennas and the eyes there are two sets of eyes simple and compound the simple eyes distinguish light from Darkness the compound eyes are image forming even though the eyes are not movable the grasshopper has a large field of vision most insects hatch from eggs from the eggs of the housefly comes slender worm-like larvas in five or six days the larva skin thickens and the pupa or resting stage begins in another five or six days a full-grown fly bursts from the pupa case the fly is as large as it will ever be arthropods generally have a short life cycle therefore a rapid Evolution this is one reason why arthropods have reached the peak of invertebrate complexity and predominance although the arthropod body plan remains fairly evident in all the insects there are variations which allow different orders to fill many different niches within an environment some insects are herbivorous like these potato beetles some like these aphids suck plant juices some like this mosquito suck blood and some are carnivorous like this aquatic larva others are parasitic and lay their eggs in the body of a host when the young wasp larvas hatch they feed upon their hosts and emerge to pupate on the surface many insects have different specializations during different parts of their life cycles the butterfly goes through a process of change called metamorphosis the Egg of the butterfly hatches into a soft-bodied worm-like larva that moves about feeds steadily and grows rapidly The larva of the butterfly or moth has a familiar name of its own the caterpillar when the caterpillar has fed well grown considerably and stored away a large amount of food it changes its body form finally there emerges the mature stage we call the adult insect the butterfly in this case the cycle is now complete complete metamorphosis or complete change is not Universal among insects but all go through at least a partial metamorphosis some species of insects such as ants wasps termites and bees are social and are organized into colonies each colony has a single queen whose Soul function is to reproduce the species a specialization which no other insect in the colony possesses communal life in the colony of bees functions efficiently because of a division of labor among individuals this is also true in the agricultural societies of leaf cutting ants their colonies May number up to 600 000 individuals Each of which performs certain definite functions necessary for survival of the colony some workers cut the leaves into transportable size for movement to the nest they or other workers carry the leaves along well-established trails to the underground home of the colony inside the nest other workers cultivate a fungus on the leaves which becomes the colony's basic food insect colonies here represented by army ants also have soldiers equipped to protect the others the social organization of insects seems to resemble human organization but it would be unscientific to draw any human implications because the behavior of social insects is instinctive not learned their brain capacity is small the brain is limited by the size of the body and the insect body is likely to remain small because of limitations of the body plan but within the limits of their body structure and brain capacity the arthropods have evolved into the dominant group of invertebrates some arthropods are of benefit to man as a source of food or some valuable service others especially the insects do Untold damage to clothing they destroy many crops and they act as carriers of disease the success of the arthropods challenges our efforts to control them the outcome of this competition all right that was um in the middle of it that was super splicy which tells me that uh somebody uh must have stopped the projector and then restarted it but lost um the uh loop and so it was kind of shredding so somebody then clipped it out or the film exploded and they tried to reassemble it um but hey thanks for joining us today I know that this was uh uh ending on a film about uh arthropods was not what you were necessarily wanting uh to uh start your weekend with but there you go um as always we enjoy your comments even if you tend to talk about Star Trek for some reason it's hilarious like I I'm you know I do work I kind of look back in the comments see what's going on like what what what Star Trek what okay whatever anyways we try to keep it focused but whatever um I love you guys uh if you like what you saw you can there's a super thanks button you can hit which looks like a little dollar bill and that's a 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