AV Geeks 16mm 4-18-2024

that oops turned away and it had ended uh excuse me hi I'm skip Alzheimer welcome to the a Geeks lunchtime streaming show where we watch old 16mm films and that was a film that we scanned from the Cornet collection uh Birds how we identify them and this was it didn't have a soundtrack um it uh it's supposed to have one but the copy that we had was a uh pre-print it might have been for inspecting the color uh the exposure um but or would be married with other soundtracks uh English French German Etc um so so there you go uh and at some point we'll find a version that has a soundtrack and we'll show that in the meantime let's learn about global winds Joy [Music] [Music] a long time before the Voyages of gelan in Columbus people were traveling over the greatest ocean on our planet without Compass or chart poian Sailors ranged across the Pacific guided only by the sun and stars and most amazingly by the direction of the long ocean waves called [Music] swells once started swells travel for great distances in straight lines creating a navigational grid for those trained to use it but what causes these great slow moving undulations in the ocean surface the answer is that somewhere Over the Horizon there are strong steady winds pushing the water into these long waves the same winds that hundreds of years later allowed European Sailors to explore the world it was around this time that global wind patterns were [Music] mapped today atmospheric scientists are studying wind patterns for different reasons like forecasting the weather or predicting changes in climate twice each day at over 500 stations in the northern hemisphere weather balloons are sent a loft to measure wind speed and direction high in the atmosphere [Music] in recent years these wind observations and other data have been fed into computers in order to picture global wind patterns this is a typical January flow pattern over North America yellow arrows indicate wind [Music] direction balloon data shows something else the winds Loft and Winds near the surface often blow in different directions something you can see by watching [Music] clouds but what causes the atmosphere to behave this way to find out atmospheric scientists have used everything from water tanks to weather satellites the satellites are amazing tools each is positioned to complete a revolution every 24 hours which keeps it directly over one spot on Earth's surface pictures made every 30 minutes are transmitted to a ground receiver sequenced into a time-lapse recording they give us a revealing view of our atmosphere's [Music] Behavior it's clear from these pictures that Global circulation falls into patterns l Ling in the planet's equatorial region there is a region called since old sailing days the doldrums the doldrums are warm and humid and the winds light and unpredictable on either side of the doldrums the trade winds begin they were responsible for sending out the swells used by the ancient Polynesian Navigators further toward the poles are calm zones the horse latitudes hot and Aid with few clouds modern voyagers orbiting above the horse latitudes usually get a clear look at the barren land below for in this Zone in both northern and southern hemispheres lie the world's great [Music] deserts next comes the mid latitudes here the winds blow mostly from west to east these prevailing Westerly bring a succession of alternating storms and clear weather these circulation patterns are related to the extreme change in temperature between equator and poles simulating these temperatures with a model Earth and a tank of water may give us Clues as to how these differences in heating affect circulation patterns we are using a heat lamp to represent the Sun at the equator and injecting a Milky fluid into the water to show the [Music] circulation ice at the sides represents conditions at the poles speeding up the action will show any flow patterns that develop [Music] a current of warm water begins rising and moves out toward the poles then as it cools it sinks creating a return current this kind of circulation put in motion by heat is called convection the heat lamp has created two convection cells one on each side of the Equator but is this a good model of what's actually going on in the atmosphere the satellite shows that winds do not travel on a north south line between poles and equator as would be the case If This Were a simple convection cell something is deflecting the expected north south flow to discover the cause of this deflection just imagine an earthlike planet with warm equator and cold poles if the planet were not spinning surface air would be expected to move in a straight line from Pole to Equator but set the planet rotating and the same line follows a curved path this deflection caused by rotation is called the cholis effect so two factors affect the atmosphere's circulation convection produced by temperature differences and cholis effect caused by Earth's rotation but to what extent does this explain the global circulation patterns we observed earlier at the equator warm Rising air should produce weak surface winds and it does the equatorial doldrums the warm Rising air forms clouds that lose their moisture in Daily tropical rainstorms air in the descending part of the Great equatorial convection cell should therefore be dry and because the descending air is being compressed by its own weight it heats up this heat produces the globe circling zones of deserts in the horse latitudes the return flow along the surface is strong steady and deflected by Earth's rotation forming the trade wind but not all the air in the convection cell returns to the equator part travels poleward and is deflected by the Coriolis effect to join the prevailing Westerly that flow through the mid latitudes in the northern hemisphere continents with their great mountain ranges tend to slow and break up the wind pattern below the equator there is less land to get in the way so the southern hemisphere Westerly have a chance to build into Fierce winds stirring the ocean into crashing waves but even faster winds have been found at higher altitudes in both hemispheres sometimes you can see evidence of these mysterious winds far above the clouds their presence is sometimes indicated by the drift of aircraft Vapor Trails here a tra Trail is being carried sideways at close to 100 mph these narrow rivers of fast moving air are known as jet streams high altitude jet streams may have a strong effect on the weather below and the great rotating storm systems called Cyclones characterize by low pressure centers theories that link Cyclones with the jet stream are complicated but what scientists have shown is is that the jet stream plays a role in the birth of these huge storm [Music] systems Earth is not alone in having a well-defined global circulation for example the cloud bands of Jupiter show remarkably clear atmospheric flow patterns [Music] a feature known for 300 years as the Great Red Spot is a huge swirl of atmospheric gases in a time-lapse study we can see the motion of this vast Cyclone our own Global circulation patterns are striking when seen from space but you can also observe global wind patterns from the surface advancing weather FRS and the flow of clouds across the sky are reminders that we live beneath Great Rivers of moving air [Music] n so the one thing I noticed about uh that copy of that film is that the titles are too dark can't read them so I'm sure that they made this was a test print and they're like nope title is too dark got to redo it um let's see what do we got here lots of stuff uh this next film is by perspective films which supposedly was a splinter off of Coronet films but um they license a lot of material from other sources and they have a lot of interesting narrative stuff that we've seen um this is why wise masters of the wind and water enjoy [Music] [Music] e e [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Applause] [Music] e e e [Music] [Applause] e e [Music] the e [Music] [Music] [Music] [Applause] [Applause] [Applause] e [Applause] [Music] for e [Music] [Applause] [Music] oh [Music] [Applause] [Applause] [Applause] d [Applause] all [Applause] [Music] [Music] [Music] [Music] for [Music] I don't know could I use that for the um avgeeks uh industrial sleep machine just kind of have that back background and the flute I don't know would that be too much uh visually so stunning and really fascinating um Beautiful film and uh you know perspective films I think the deal with that was that that company sought out um good films from other countries um so pretty great okay let's uh the comments have been outrageously hilarious um lots of bad puns bad jokes so congratulations to that but this film tells you how to have a discussion just in case you didn't know [Music] enjoy we need to discuss and do councel together to keep our democracy great and strong and if we're discussion we must have those who can lead it who can in groups that are small enough so that each person may contribute bring Harmony and unity out of difference apathy and Discord if one is to be a good leader one must know the principles on which good group discussion operates we asked over 50 groups to think about this question what does a good group need to be and to do in order to be successful stated another way what are the elements of good group discussion if we can answer this question we will know what kind of a situation the good group leader must construct this film is a report on the result investigation now our 50 odd groups were not all alike some of them were what we call Natural groups springing up by themselves and continuing if they do continue on very inform formal lives some like this PTA parent Educators group were formed to deal with specific problems and some like this great book seminar Rose in response to the need for a discussion of broader and more basic issues among the 50 were some discussion groups which use outside speakers to give Focus to the discussion sometimes a book or a film or a magazine article provides the spark and sometimes a current issue or problem is the center of attention and the group relies on its own knowledge so the groups we ask to study themselves were not alike in their structure or in their use of resources there was another difference too in regard to the type of leadership the groups had many groups get along very well with one discussion leader this focuses the discussion puts the responsibility on one person's shoulders gives a sense of city that helps hold the group together on the other hand some groups get along better with two leaders who share the responsibility and keep group from being dominated by any one person some groups rotate leaders it gives everyone a good chance to understand the problems of discussion leadership and some groups get along very well with no leader at all the group members share responsibility among themselves everyone knows where the group is going and everyone is willing to help it get there so far you see the discussion groups we studied differed in their organization and in the type of leadership they had there was wide variation too as to the practices and procedures they followed people honestly do disagree about many of the techniques which should be used take for instance the question as to whether there should be a summary at the end summarize certainly not if there one thing that's bad for people is to close off their minds with a stereo type or a a flourish of rhetoric when that happens you might just as well say goodbye to thinking of course we've got to summarize how else are we to know what we'd accomplished and how much we agree and disagree and besides you get a kind of satisfaction from a summary a sense of completion which is very important to the way you feel as you leave the meeting I find myself think more between sessions than during the sessions themselves and the summary would tend to shut my mind no sir no no summaries for me thank you and so it went all our questions bringing out big differences in discussion groups differences of structure of leadership of attitudes toward techniques if when we analyze the thinking of all these groups we found that there was a hardcore of common agreement on two points first most people agree about what qualities a good leader should have second there really does seem to be a list of basic qualities for a good Discussion Group let's see first what a good discussion leader should be like well a leader ought to be intelligent of course I think a discussion leader should be interested in people and the people in the group should be interested in him and respect him a leader ought to do more than just answer questions I mean well he ought to draw people out well whatever else you may say about someone who leads a discussion I think he's got to provide balance not just Express his own point of view and after all a lot of different people and ideas come together in a group like ours so I think we should have a leader with broad experience broad enough to handle the difference we bring to our distance well from the looks of things a leader is expected to be a pretty allaround person probably nobody is ever an ideal leader but just the same it's good to know what the ideal is and now what about those qualities of a good Discussion Group under what conditions do groups flourish and Thrive from our analysis of the groups we concluded there are at least 11 basic qualities let's start with the first the uh order doesn't really matter one group's experience will provide a good illustration its leader writes our group had barely started its first session before we realized one thing that was radically wrong and look I don't like to interrupt but isn't it awfully stuffy in here oh it's terrible second that we're all right now we haven't carried Comfort too far just far enough to make a difference and what a difference it does make yes the physical setting of a discussion does make a difference usually the situation isn't as bad as that we just showed but still all too often groups struggle against poor physical environment usually something can be done to provide a remedy now the second principle we've listed is is related to physical Comfort it's involved in what you might call social Comfort I imagine most of you can sympathize with this experience and I believe we should not allow Financial considerations to enter into this kind of a problem excuse me do know no I'm sorry I've never met him by the way I don't think we've been introduced my name is Emily Jack how do you do I'm it's nice to know you is it a shame we didn't have a chance to meet before the just a minute Mr Myers it seems that all of us are not listening Miss uh is there anything you'd like to say to the group yes there is but it isn't exactly on the subject I think it's a shame that we're all such strangers here we don't even know each other's names not to mention knowing anything about our backgrounds or other interests or what we hope to get out of this meeting so a second principle that good leaders ought to practice is keeping a friendly atmosphere make sure that people know each other well enough so they can relax and get down to the business of discussion and now a third principle is one that practically every group mentioned in one way or another usually they said it in terms of what they didn't like it seems to me that that leads us on logically to consider what the president's relations to Congress should be oh you're wrong Joe we ought to discuss the president's role as leader of the party this leader had it all laid out in advance and if it didn't go according to plan it was wrong but according to most groups it is just as wrong to be this way well anybody got any idea what we ought to talk about tonight we've seen in a rather negative fashion the two extremes now is there a balance our groups thought so they believe that the leader before he comes to the meeting should have some kind of a plan of operation he ought to be aware generally of where he thinks the group might go and what it might do but then he should be prepared to abandon or adapt his plan in terms of the will of the group itself he should be at once resourceful and flexible speaking of flexibility let us turn to the next principle which is discussed in a very interesting letter we received from one [Applause] group we decided that there ought to be a certain flexibility to the discussion itself there was a time in our group when everything was rooted through me as the leader well if it has any meaning justify itself in society the business of a university ought to be the provide a liberal education well I'd say that depends on what you mean by liberal wouldn't you agree Dan yes I guess so I guess you have to begin there good let's begin there now can we have a definition of liberal well I think a liberal education is one that prepares for life all right that's one man's point of view how about another our discussion would go on like that meeting after meeting everybody throwing his comments to me and waiting for my reply before going ahead was clumsy and slow and not much fun well finally one night I realized what was wrong perhaps because I'm a coach at the high school I saw it in terms of a sport and so I tried to get some of that interplay into our discussions so it seems to me that the artist doesn't need to be politically active if his work doesn't need to be do you realize what happened in Germany when the Nazis came to power where were your artists then why talk about Germany in the past what about right now it seems to me artists have an even greater responsibility in a time of Crisis no that's just it it is in times of Crisis that you need men and women who are removed from removed there's no place to remove too not anymore well all right now let's let's try to see Dan's argument in a little different life the principal can be said this way the leader must see that the discussion flows back and forth among the members who want to participate and this brings us to our fifth principle and encouraging people to participate remember people join discussion groups for personal reasons involving their own AIMS in life their ideals their personality no thoughtful leader can afford to neglect the progress of any of his people take for instance the case of a young man whose name is given only as Ralph Ralph joined our group one evening in the fall he sat around quietly for several meetings listening carefully but saying nothing until something finally pushed him into asking for the ploor yes Ralph I uh well I think the point that we're trying to make is uh well the point that I'm trying to make is uh well what I mean is I think I think what Ralph is trying to say is that if we take a vote on this obviously he had a long way to go and all of us decided that we had our job laid out to help him isn't that along your line right R well maybe Ralph can tell us something about that what do you think Ralph Ralph ought to be able to contact those fellows uh the other side of the question is this with the abolition of the electoral system it worked it usually does and we think it's a worthwhile technique for every leader and every group to keep in mind yes it certainly is for if the individuals in a discussion group remain frustrated and unable to express themselves the group can make no real progress of course every leader and every group wants to know how to bring out the best in their people and our next principle attempts to provide an answer it's based on the idea that everyone in a group can contribute in terms of his own unique experience and background but if it's going to take thick sheets of lead to stop the slightest radiation but that's not true Alpha radiation can be stopped with a sheet of paper or ordinary window glass and beta Rays can be stopped with a sheet of aluminum oh I didn't know that and furthermore we have special handling tools and with Geer counters we can measure the exact amount of radiation we're being exposed to so the possibility of harnessing atomic energy Isn't So remote after all well it certainly helps straighten out a discussion when someone can give information like that thank you Harold in every group there are people with interesting and diverse backgrounds in fact everyone has something unique to contribute it takes all the skill and subtlety of a good leader to draw out his people Let each of them enrich the discussion after his own fashion sometimes the individual eccentricities will tend to interfere with the proper functioning of a group and that suggests till another of our principles here's the way one group tells it you wouldn't have to look twice at our old group to realize that something was wrong as leader I was having a tough time keeping order keeping the discussion going keep keeping one or two individuals from dominating the whole show and things like that so I decided to take action something has to be done and done right away otherwise we're going to disintegrate as a group well I'm sure we three are willing to cooperate bill but why not throw the question to the whole group and that's just what I did I put the question to the whole group things are going a lot better with us now they've learned that it's a matter of everybody's concern not just my problem or the problem of a small click of people loyal to me everybody realizes now that he plays an important part in the success or failure of a group and that is our seventh principle all of the members should feel a responsibility for the effective conduct of the group this matter crops up in a slightly different way in the next principle that High School coach went on to say take football for instance the Big H is a well-known symbol for the goals of a football team but if you think about it the goal post represents only one level of the goal even in football as far as the team is concerned the immediate goal is the next 10 yards and every man on the team has got to have that goal uppermost in his mind a the next goal might be the goal posts but in the back of their minds many of the players may be nursing ideas is of the conference Championship or a bid to one of the bowl games and the same thing we think is true of Discussion Group it was true of ours in short the sales tax is the most Equitable form of tax because it falls upon all equally now Stan I think you've missed the point let me illustrate by telling you how the income tax functions now it operates just a minute Oscar I thought we were going to stay with a sales tax tonight well well comparing the two would help us understand what the sales tax really is but before we compare them we have to understand them right now we've decided to concentrate on the sales tax and so the idea is worthy it seems to us of the status of a principal the group should understand and accept the goal sought the goal of each session and of the series of sessions and that is our eighth principle the leader must see to it that all members of the group understand understand both the immediate and the ultimate goals the specific goals of each meeting and the general goal of the series you know discussion meetings like anything else that lasts over a period of time have a way of dragging out leveling off seeming dull and uninteresting what skills does a leader need to handle this problem how do you inject a sense of life into discussion meeting for the details of this principle I'd like to tell you about a meeting I attended not so long ago now just a minute Mr Hamilton the union isn't asking for any favors you aren't of course you are and I'm telling you you're not going to get another raise as long as I'm president of this company I'm tired of all this well if that's the way you feel you can expect to strike by tomorrow morning you can imagine the discussion that broke out after that session of role playing in which group members put themselves into a situation charged with tension then reacted to what they had seen and felt and how they would have handled the same situation that was just one way of varying technique that I have seen in my visits the different discussion groups I've seen outside speakers brought in books used to stimulate discussion films used by the score and the question and answer technique used frequently variety is undoubtedly a good way to keep group interest High playing better than others and it is up to the leader to know his group well enough to know how and when to provide variety variety leads us to our 10th principle for sometimes a certain kind of a variety is not optional but [Applause] essential one group found that out the hard way listen our group was able to keep things going in a lively fashion but sometimes things got too Lively the city manager system has never worked and never will work that's what you say have you ever lived in a city with a manager no have you no but I've read that now just a minute fell just a minute it seems to me we owe it to ourselves to get some of the facts in a situation like this yes the leader or leaders or the group itself must make sure that personal opinions are not the entire basis of discussion there are times when reference to a book or an expert or some other source of fact is essential and so we come to our 11th principle the last but perhaps the most important for Vital to every discussion group is some time when the group can sit back and take a look at itself well who's first well it seems to me we've learned a lot this year but I'd still like to see more varied programs me too no long about February I was getting rather bored well why didn't you say something Mrs doll you see that's the point I've been trying to make we need more frequent opportunities to speak up to uh well to evaluate yes to evaluate that's what I mean to do just what we're doing right now every group has within itself an amazing capacity for appraising its own behavior people are always making judgments of the things they do and it's important that these judgments be channeled so that they lead to progress and understanding not disharmony and frustration the group we saw liked the idea of a general appraisal session others designate one member of the group to take the responsibility each evening for making a judge about how the group is doing still others like to pass out slips of paper with a few leading questions to which all of the group can react there are other devices that can be used all of them illustrate our final principle that all the member group must think about and try to improve their group performance but the leader must evaluate himself too he must ask himself at the end of every session if his group demonstrated all the principles he must practice and reflect practice and reflect a good pianist can make even the most difficult piece seem almost easy but everyone who knows music knows what lies behind this performance he must know how to read music acquire finger dexterity learn Rhythm pedling fingering all of these aspects and many more must be blended into a finished performance if the discussion leader wishes to improve he must constantly think about what he does he must ask himself again and again how well his group used used all of the principles suggested here as well as the special techniques appropriate to the kind of discussion he is leading gradually like The Pianist he will in use all the various principles and techniques almost automatically you'll be a good perhaps a great discussion leader and then he can do his full in the Democratic process for only as men are brought into Council and state their own needs and interests and the general interest of a great people be compounded into a policy suitable that's enough of that um that was uh the leader at the end was too short so it just kind of crapped out um yeah let's discuss uh the film discussion that we saw about discussion I love that nested um nested uh thing uh and is democracy based on having good discussions we're screwed sorry sorry we're screwed um nobody knows how how to have good discussions uh now in the social media realm it is it is very sad sad state of things uh but even then like before social media and I watched this film I was like how does this happen now in the 9s when I first encountered this film like who how do people get together and discuss like I that I don't understand um you know there's certainly social groups that will have things that will come up bring up discussion but those are usually everybody's on the same team uh for that so um it's an interesting idea but I it didn't survive not even close but um you survived you're here and we're having a discussion uh in the comments uh and we have come up with rules and on how to do it and all that stuff um and we honor each other and we make it a comfortable space so I feel like this is a great place uh to discuss uh and we have great discussions and we we allow a lot a lot of uh a lot of different topics to come up and all that um yeah I didn't really allow us to vote on whether or not I should summarize what we just saw but too bad I'm the leader of the discussion all right thanks so much for tuning in today if you like what you saw you can hit the thumbs up you can hit the like button you can hit uh subscribe those are great ways to um support us you can also donate money via the super thanks button which is in the YouTube chat you can also go to ko-fi.com avgeeks or patreon.com avgeeks patreon.com is is paying for one storage unit so and I have six so go go go um but uh yeah thanks for tuning in and we will see you tomorrow tomorrow's Friday right wow we blew through this week all right everybody take care we love you love your eyeballs and your fingers typing away take care bye e e e e e e 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